104 lines
8.6 KiB
XML
104 lines
8.6 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e50943" ID-PMC="PMC7125241" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-8-e50943" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4ED67A03DE3B583FA29A4FD1BE4C49AD" ID-PubMed="32269480" ModsDocID="1314-2828-8-e50943" checkinTime="1585276158014" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Brown, Brian V. & Vendetti, Jann E." docDate="2020" docId="ED6E9A008A205799AFBB2074ADAD64B0" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 8: e50943" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 8" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e50943" docTitle="Megaselia steptoeae Hartop, Brown, & Disney 2015" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="4ED67A03DE3B583FA29A4FD1BE4C49AD" lastPageNumber="50943" masterDocId="4ED67A03DE3B583FA29A4FD1BE4C49AD" masterDocTitle="Megaselia steptoeae (Diptera: Phoridae): specialists on smashed snails" masterLastPageNumber="50943" masterPageNumber="50943" pageNumber="50943" updateTime="1668125430229" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Megaselia steptoeae (Diptera: Phoridae): specialists on smashed snails</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brown, Brian V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vendetti, Jann E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>8</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>50943</mods:start>
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<mods:end>50943</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e50943</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e50943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-8-e50943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4ED67A03DE3B583FA29A4FD1BE4C49AD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED6E9A008A205799AFBB2074ADAD64B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED6E9A008A205799AFBB2074ADAD64B0" lastPageNumber="50943" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">
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<taxonomicName LSID="ED6E9A00-8A20-5799-AFBB-2074ADAD64B0" authority="Hartop, Brown, & Disney, 2015" authorityName="Hartop, Brown, & Disney" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megaselia steptoeae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steptoeae">Megaselia steptoeae Hartop, Brown, & Disney, 2015</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">Ecology</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">
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While trying to attract another species of the extremely species-rich genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megaselia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">Megaselia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Rondani, at the Los Angeles County Arboretum, we made an unexpected discovery. Females of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. steptoeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" rank="species" species="steptoeae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">M. steptoeae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were attracted to crushed individuals of the glass snail
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="H. Beck" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Oxychilidae" genus="Oxychilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxychilus draparnaudi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="draparnaudi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">Oxychilus draparnaudi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Beck);
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" phylum="Mollusca" rank="phylum">Mollusca</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="P.Hesse" authorityYear="1927" family="Oxychilidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" rank="family">Oxychilidae</taxonomicName>
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) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F5483361" captionText="Figure 2. Living individual of Oxychilus draparnaudi (Beck)." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e50943.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/369819" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">2</figureCitation>
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). These tiny (1.5 mm long) flies were collected at the Arboretum on two occasions and, in each case, they arrived at the injured glass snail quickly after we crushed the snails (40 s and 13 s, respectively). (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F5483365" captionText="Figure 3. Female Megaselia steptoeae Hartop et al. feeding on crushed Oxychilus draparnaudi (Beck)." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e50943.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/369820" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">3</figureCitation>
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). On 15 August 2018, we collected five flies and on 9 August 2019, we collected 14 flies. As all flies were females and morphological identification of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megaselia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">Megaselia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species usually requires male specimens, the five flies from 2018 were sequenced to provide identifications. Identification of the female specimen was made by comparing CO1 sequences (DNA barcodes) of known male specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. steptoeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" rank="species" species="steptoeae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">M. steptoeae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Biodiversity Index Number BOLD:AAP4678) with those of the snail-attracted females. Of the specimens collected in 2019, three were kept alive in rearing containers with crushed snails, one of which laid eggs near the snails (the actual oviposition was not observed). Two individual larvae appeared to be mature after four days and were reared to the pupal stage, after which they died. On both occasions in the field, we also provided baits of European garden snails (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="O. F. Müller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cornu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cornu aspersum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aspersum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">Cornu aspersum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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);
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" phylum="Mollusca" rank="phylum">Mollusca</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" family="Helicidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" rank="family">Helicidae</taxonomicName>
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) and various slugs, none of which attracted any phorid flies. Like the ant hosts, injured glass snails were attractive to flies for a relatively brief period of time (about one-half hour).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">
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A third collecting event took place at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Nature Garden on 17 August 2019. Three snails were crushed, attracting a single female
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. steptoeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" rank="species" species="steptoeae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">M. steptoeae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in ten minutes. One of the snails was barcoded to verify the identification as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. draparnaudi" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943" rank="species" species="draparnaudi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50943">O. draparnaudi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |