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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.72474" ID-GBIF-Dataset="11e327fb-5ef8-4d85-bd77-e92a1dab8c3f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190303382" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-2-275" ID-Pensoft-UUID="671FAEEE86B25BE9A720A18193BC42B1" ID-ZooBank="9AC22770F3004265A21F841EA364FFD5" ModsDocID="2535-0730-5-2-275" checkinTime="1635891665621" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Framenau, Volker W., Baptista, Renner L. C., Oliveira, Francisca Samia M. &amp; Castanheira, Pedro de S." docDate="2021" docId="B4EF1B9AEFAA50A3B37AE18D8D3512E7" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 5(2): 275-334" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 5 (2)" docPubDate="2021-11-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.72474" docTitle="Hortophora capitalis Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira 2021, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="671FAEEE86B25BE9A720A18193BC42B1" lastPageNumber="275" masterDocId="671FAEEE86B25BE9A720A18193BC42B1" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the new spider genus Hortophora, the Australasian Garden Orb-weavers (Araneae, Araneidae)" masterLastPageNumber="334" masterPageNumber="275" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" updateTime="1637334715605" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the new spider genus Hortophora, the Australasian Garden Orb-weavers (Araneae, Araneidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Framenau, Volker W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-3831</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia &amp; Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia 6103, Australia &amp; Zoological Museum Hamburg, Leibnitz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Centre for Taxonomy &amp; Morphology, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">volker.framenau@murdoch.edu.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Baptista, Renner L. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Oliveira, Francisca Samia M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Castanheira, Pedro de S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-1622</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia &amp; Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="190303382" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B4EF1B9AEFAA50A3B37AE18D8D3512E7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B4EF1B9AEFAA50A3B37AE18D8D3512E7" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName LSID="B4EF1B9A-EFAA-50A3-B37A-E18D8D3512E7" authority="(L. Koch, 1871)" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1871" family="Araneidae" genus="Hortophora" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hortophora capitalis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="capitalis" status="comb. nov.">Hortophora capitalis (L. Koch, 1871)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="275">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Hortophora capitalis comb. nov., holotype female from Ovalau (Fiji) ZMH (Rack (1961) - catalogue 227). A. dorsal habitus; B. ventral habitus; C. epigyne, ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606216" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Fig. 36A-C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira capitalis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitalis" status="comb. nov.">Epeira capitalis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.121660" author="Koch, L" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B25" refString="Koch, L, 1871. Die Arachniden Australiens nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. 1. Theil. 1. Lieferung. Verlag von Bauer und Raspe, Nuernberg, pg. 1-104, pl. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.121660" title="Die Arachniden Australiens nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. 1. Theil. 1. Lieferung. Verlag von Bauer und Raspe, Nuernberg, pg. 1 - 104, pl. 1 - 8." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.121660" year="1871">Koch 1871</bibRefCitation>
: 58-59, plate 5, figs 1, 1a.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira capitalis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitalis" status="comb. nov.">Epeira capitalis</taxonomicName>
L. Koch.-
<bibRefCitation author="Hogg, HR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="137 - 146" refId="B15" refString="Hogg, HR, 1899. Notes on some spiders from the Upper Endeavour River, Queensland, with description of two new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 11: 137 - 146" title="Notes on some spiders from the Upper Endeavour River, Queensland, with description of two new species." volume="11" year="1899">Hogg 1899</bibRefCitation>
: 139-140, pl. 13, figs 3, 3a-d, 4b (misidentification; these records refer either
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata" status="comb. nov.">H. biapicata</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. or
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. transmarina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="transmarina" status="comb. nov.">H. transmarina</taxonomicName>
comb. nov.; see Remarks).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araneus capitalis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitalis" status="comb. nov.">Araneus capitalis</taxonomicName>
(L. Koch).-
<bibRefCitation author="Berland, L" journalOrPublisher="Nova Caledonia, Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="159 - 255" refId="B2" refString="Berland, L, 1924. Araigees de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et des Iles Loyalty. Nova Caledonia, Zoologie 3: 159 - 255" title="Araigees de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et des Iles Loyalty." volume="3" year="1924">Berland 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 220;
<bibRefCitation author="Berland, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="121 - 190" refId="B3" refString="Berland, L, 1938. Araignees des Nouvelles-Hebrides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 107: 121 - 190" title="Araignees des Nouvelles-Hebrides." volume="107" year="1938">Berland 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 173, figs 129-130.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Holotype</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira capitalis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Epeira capitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. Koch, 1871: Female, from Ovalau (
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-17.683332">17°41'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="178" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="178.8">178°48'E</geoCoordinate>
, Fiji) ZMH ((
<bibRefCitation author="Rack, G" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B36" refString="Rack, G, 1961. Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. II. Teil. Chelicerata II: Araneae. Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts 59: 1 - 60" title="Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. II. Teil. Chelicerata II: Araneae." volume="59" year="1961">Rack 1961</bibRefCitation>
)-catalogue no. 227). Examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9661157" author="Dondale, CD" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="1157 - 1192" refId="B8" refString="Dondale, CD, 1966. The spider fauna (Araneida) of deciduous orchards in the Australian Capital Territory. Australian Journal of Zoology 14: 1157 - 1192, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9661157" title="The spider fauna (Araneida) of deciduous orchards in the Australian Capital Territory." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9661157" volume="14" year="1966">Dondale (1966)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira capitalis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Epeira capitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. Koch, 1871 as junior synonym of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. transmarina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="transmarina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. transmarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. and the holotype of this species from Fiji has therefore been examined as part of this study. Its current synonymy with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. transmarina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="transmarina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. transmarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. cannot be confirmed as the epigyne base is narrow without visible baso-lateral flaps, much more like that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. However, having not had the opportunity to examine topotypical males, the most prudent solution is to revalidate this species pending a revision of Pacific
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" family="Araneidae" genus="Hortophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hortophora" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Hortophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. The species is here transferred to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" family="Araneidae" genus="Hortophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hortophora" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Hortophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. due to the similarities with the above-mentioned two species, thereby conforming to the generic diagnostic of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" family="Araneidae" genus="Hortophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hortophora" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Hortophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov., specifically the highly elongated epigyne scape (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Hortophora capitalis comb. nov., holotype female from Ovalau (Fiji) ZMH (Rack (1961) - catalogue 227). A. dorsal habitus; B. ventral habitus; C. epigyne, ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606216" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">36A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/606216" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" start="Figure 36" startId="F36">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Figure 36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1871" family="Araneidae" genus="Hortophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hortophora capitalis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="capitalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Hortophora capitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov., holotype female from Ovalau (Fiji) ZMH (
<bibRefCitation author="Rack, G" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B36" refString="Rack, G, 1961. Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. II. Teil. Chelicerata II: Araneae. Mitteilungen des Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museums und Instituts 59: 1 - 60" title="Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. II. Teil. Chelicerata II: Araneae." volume="59" year="1961">Rack (1961)</bibRefCitation>
-catalogue 227).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">A.</emphasis>
dorsal habitus; B. ventral habitus;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">C.</emphasis>
epigyne, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
<bibRefCitation author="Berland, L" journalOrPublisher="Nova Caledonia, Zoologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="159 - 255" refId="B2" refString="Berland, L, 1924. Araigees de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et des Iles Loyalty. Nova Caledonia, Zoologie 3: 159 - 255" title="Araigees de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et des Iles Loyalty." volume="3" year="1924">Berland (1924)</bibRefCitation>
reported the
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. capitalis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="capitalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. capitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. from New Caledonia without specimen details, but differentiated it from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. flavicoma" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="flavicoma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. flavicoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. by somatic (colouration of the abdomen) and genitalic (length of epigyne scape) characters.
<bibRefCitation author="Berland, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="121 - 190" refId="B3" refString="Berland, L, 1938. Araignees des Nouvelles-Hebrides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 107: 121 - 190" title="Araignees des Nouvelles-Hebrides." volume="107" year="1938">Berland (1938)</bibRefCitation>
reported males and females of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. capitalis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="capitalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. capitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. from the New Hebrides, now Vanuatu. Taking the similarities of female
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" family="Araneidae" genus="Hortophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hortophora" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Hortophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. into account, we caution to accept his identifications until males of the species from the type locality are known and their genitalia examined in detail. We did not examine
<bibRefCitation author="Berland, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="121 - 190" refId="B3" refString="Berland, L, 1938. Araignees des Nouvelles-Hebrides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 107: 121 - 190" title="Araignees des Nouvelles-Hebrides." volume="107" year="1938">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Berlands">Berland's</normalizedToken>
(1938)
</bibRefCitation>
material, likely deposited in Paris.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
<bibRefCitation author="Hogg, HR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="137 - 146" refId="B15" refString="Hogg, HR, 1899. Notes on some spiders from the Upper Endeavour River, Queensland, with description of two new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 11: 137 - 146" title="Notes on some spiders from the Upper Endeavour River, Queensland, with description of two new species." volume="11" year="1899">Hogg (1899)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. capitalis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="capitalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. capitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. transmarina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="transmarina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. transmarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. (as
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira producta" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="producta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Epeira producta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from near Cooktown in northern Queensland. He discusses the differences of these species and his
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1805" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira frostii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frostii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Epeira frostii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov.) in some detail and concludes that
<normalizedToken originalValue="“…">&quot;...</normalizedToken>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">the whole three species are, at most, local varieties of the same</emphasis>
&quot;. He stayed, however, short of synonymising them. Curiously, he illustrated the epigyne of both
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. capitalis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="capitalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. capitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. transmarina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="transmarina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. transmarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. in a single image (
<bibRefCitation author="Hogg, HR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="137 - 146" refId="B15" refString="Hogg, HR, 1899. Notes on some spiders from the Upper Endeavour River, Queensland, with description of two new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 11: 137 - 146" title="Notes on some spiders from the Upper Endeavour River, Queensland, with description of two new species." volume="11" year="1899">Hogg 1899</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4b &quot;Epigyne of
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. capitalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="capitalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">E. capitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="E." lsidName="E. producta" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="producta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">E. producta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;). It is clear, that H.R. Hogg was unable to clearly delineate the two species, specifically as he did not examine mature males. It is also clear that his record of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. capitalis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="capitalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. capitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. refers to either
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. biapicata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="biapicata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. biapicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. or
<taxonomicName authorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Framenau &amp; Baptista &amp; Oliveira &amp; Castanheira" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="H." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. transmarina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="transmarina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">H. transmarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. We found both species in Cooktown (see Appendix 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>