783 lines
185 KiB
XML
783 lines
185 KiB
XML
<document id="C9CEC28F90A03357F225F7D28085E387" ID-CLB-Dataset="3130" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa176" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0ab84e8-4ff4-46a8-a567-a9acd016305c" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5752621" ID-ZooBank="D000BAA9-51C4-46FE-AC9B-BB361B601FA2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638521226129" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gusmão, Luciana C. & Rodríguez, Estefanía" docDate="2021" docId="2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033" docLanguage="en" docName="zlaa176.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa176" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Chitinactis marmara GUSMAO & RODRIGUEZ" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="1401" masterDocId="D55D9C65FFB9FFCDFF8FC136FFD4B21F" masterDocTitle="Two sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Southern Ocean with evidence of a deep-sea, polar lineage of burrowing sea anemones" masterLastPageNumber="1415" masterPageNumber="1392" pageNumber="1398" updateTime="1699471835987" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="744A115B398E9A9BF83640D85EA6F0E0">Two sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Southern Ocean with evidence of a deep-sea, polar lineage of burrowing sea anemones</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="631A9C83FED93B9AA283FB7E2F959EF9">Gusmão, Luciana C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7BA75923523B1588F2D59507004115D2">Rodríguez, Estefanía</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="87ABE9541D297E2FC53451EF58E68B9C">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4B752A59047BCCB0A8EA25A3322A247E">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752641" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190876202" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5752641" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1401" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">
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<subSubSection id="E9D70680FFBFFFCBFF45C23EFD37B100" box="[202,739,775,800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A172550BFFBFFFCBFF45C23EFD37B100" blockId="6.[202,739,775,800]" box="[202,739,775,800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">
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<heading id="FA3AE267FFBFFFCBFF45C23EFD37B100" box="[202,739,775,800]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFBFFFCBFF45C23EFD37B100" ID-CoL="84G8K" authority="GUSMAO & RODRIGUEZ" authorityName="GUSMAO & RODRIGUEZ" box="[202,739,775,800]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Chitinactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marmara">
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<emphasis id="93B98919FFBFFFCBFF45C23EFE07B100" box="[202,467,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">CHITINACTIS MARMARA</emphasis>
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GUSMÃO & RODRÍGUEZ
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9D70680FFBFFFC4FEEAC200FC06B033" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1401" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A172550BFFBFFFCBFEEAC200FD9CB150" blockId="6.[357,584,822,847]" box="[357,584,822,847]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">
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(
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<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFEE2C200FE00B150" box="[365,468,822,847]" captionStart-0="Figure 3" captionStart-1="Figure 4" captionStart-2="Figure 5" captionStartId-0="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionStartId-1="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionStartId-2="10.[164,247,1154,1176]" captionTargetBox-0="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetBox-1="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetBox-2="[230,710,520,1113]" captionTargetId-0="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId-1="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId-2="figure-328@10.[229,712,519,1115]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." captionText-1="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." captionText-2="Figure 5. Cnidom of Chitinactis marmara. A, B, E, F, basitrichs; C, gracile spirocyst; D, H, p-mastigophore A; G, b-mastigophore." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752637" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5752637/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">FIGS 3–5</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="EC4F60B0FFBFFFCBFE6EC200FD94B150" box="[481,576,822,847]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="10.[163,227,1305,1326]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 1. Size ranges of the cnidae of Chitinactis marmara; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; S, proportion of specimens in which each cnidae was found; N, total number of capsules measured; F, frequency; +++, very common; ++, common; +, fairly common; -, rare." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F5B20583FFB3FFC7FF2CC42FFE5EB775" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" tableUuid="F5B20583FFB3FFC7FF2CC42FFE5EB775">TABLE 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A172550BFFBFFFCBFF2CC249FCD3B1AC" blockId="6.[163,780,894,947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">
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<emphasis id="93B98919FFBFFFCBFF2CC249FE24B18B" box="[163,496,894,916]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n:</emphasis>
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u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act:
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<uuid id="D56B6FDEFFBFFFCBFF7DC2ABFCD3B1AC" box="[242,775,925,947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">BE47D4D3-33D1-47E9-84A6-CE5AF0C96A51</uuid>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="93B98919FFBFFFCBFF2CC2EAFEDEB1EE" box="[163,266,988,1009]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Material:</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFE99C2EAFCDFB673" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035316" collectingDate="1998-02-15" collectionCode="AMNH, EASIZ, II, R, V" collectorName="P. Lopez-Gonzalez" country="Norway" county="Southern Ocean" elevation="416" latitude="-71.28333" location="Cruise" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-12.605" municipality="Kapp" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="IZC 00331556" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="7E76EBA9FFBFFFCBFE99C2EAFEAFB1ED" box="[278,379,988,1010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFEF1C2EAFE1AB1EE" box="[382,462,988,1009]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">AMNH</collectionCode>
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_
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<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFE53C2EAFDA2B1ED" box="[476,630,988,1010]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">IZC 00331556</specimenCode>
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(
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), ANT XV/3
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<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFE91C2CCFEBEB60F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFE91C2CCFEBEB60F" box="[286,362,1018,1040]" country="Norway" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-71.28333" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-12.605" municipality="Kapp" name="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Cruise</location>
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,
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<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFEF9C2CDFE08B60F" box="[374,476,1019,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">EASIZ II</collectionCode>
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<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFE6CC2CDFD9CB60F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFE6CC2CDFD9CB60F" box="[483,584,1019,1040]" country="Norway" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-71.28333" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-12.605" municipality="Kapp" name="Program" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Program</location>
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,
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<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFDDCC2CDFDB0B60F" box="[595,612,1019,1040]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">R</collectionCode>
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/
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‘
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<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFD07C2CCFCD2B60F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFD07C2CCFCD2B60F" box="[648,774,1018,1040]" country="Norway" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-71.28333" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-12.605" municipality="Kapp" name="Polarstern'" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Polarstern’</location>
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,
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48/197,
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<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFBFFFCBFE13C52FFDDCB630" box="[412,520,1049,1071]" name="Norway" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Norvegia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFBFFFCBFD9BC52FFD45B630" box="[532,657,1049,1071]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFBFFFCBFD11C52FFF27B652" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Southern Ocean</collectingCounty>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFEE1C50EFE2FB651" box="[366,507,1080,1102]" degrees="12" direction="west" minutes="36.30" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-12.605">12°36.30’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFD83C50EFD89B652" box="[524,605,1080,1102]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.16" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="416.0">
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<elevation id="2AE0B238FFBFFFCBFD83C50EFD89B652" box="[524,605,1080,1102]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.16" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="416.0">416 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="D57373CBFFBFFFCBFDE1C50EFF09B673" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="1998-02-15">
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<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFBFFFCBFDE1C50EFF09B673" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="1998-02-15">15 February 1998</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFF66C560FE45B673" box="[233,401,1110,1132]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Agassiz Trawl</collectorName>
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||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFDBFC561FCDFB673" box="[560,779,1110,1132]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">P. López-González.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFF2CC540FEBEB6B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035303" collectingDate="1998-02-15" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="P. Lopez-Gonzalez" country="Norway" county="Southern Ocean" elevation="416" latitude="-71.28333" location="Cruise" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-12.605" municipality="Kapp" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="AMNH 4775" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="7E76EBA9FFBFFFCBFF2CC540FEC0B694" box="[163,276,1142,1163]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFE98C543FE77B694" box="[279,419,1141,1163]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">AMNH 4775</specimenCode>
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||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFBFFFCBFE20C543FD87B694" box="[431,595,1141,1163]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
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), same collection data as holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFEF9C5A2FCDEB6B6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035341" box="[374,778,1172,1194]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Norway" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="AMNH 4662" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFEF9C5A2FDDEB6B5" box="[374,522,1172,1194]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">AMNH 4662</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFBFFFCBFD93C5A2FD14B6B5" box="[540,704,1172,1194]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
), ANT
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFF2CC584FF37B6D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035329" box="[163,227,1202,1224]" collectionCode="XIX" country="Norway" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="XIX/5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFF2CC584FF37B6D7" box="[163,227,1202,1224]" collectionCode="XIX" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">XIX/5</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFF65C584FDC3B6D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035320" box="[234,535,1202,1224]" collectorName="Program" country="Norway" location="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFF65C584FEE2B6D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFF65C584FEE2B6D7" box="[234,310,1202,1224]" country="Norway" name="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Cruise</location>
|
||
, LAMPOS
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFE3CC585FDC3B6D7" box="[435,535,1203,1224]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Program</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFDADC585FEB3B75C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035317" collectingDate="2002-04-06" collectionCode="R, V" collectorName="E. Rodriguez" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" elevation="288" latitude="-54.503666" location="Burdwood" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-56.136665" municipality="Scotia Sea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFDADC585FDE7B6D7" box="[546,563,1203,1224]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFDB5C585FD98B6D7" box="[570,588,1203,1224]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
‘
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFDD9C584FD07B6D7" box="[598,723,1202,1224]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Polarstern’</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFD51C585FF10B6F8" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Sta. PS</collectorName>
|
||
61/150,
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFEADC5E7FE49B6F8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFEADC5E7FE49B6F8" box="[290,413,1233,1255]" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-54.503666" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-56.136665" municipality="Scotia Sea" name="Burdwood" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Burdwood</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFE2AC5E7FDADB6F8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFE2AC5E7FDADB6F8" box="[421,633,1233,1255]" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-54.503666" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-56.136665" municipality="Scotia Sea" name="Namuncura Bank" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Namuncurá Bank</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFBFFFCBFD08C5E7FCD1B6F9" box="[647,773,1233,1255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Scotia Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFBFFFCBFF2CC5C6FEF6B719" box="[163,290,1264,1286]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFBFFFCBFEA0C5C6FE24B71A" box="[303,496,1264,1286]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Southern Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFE71C5C6FDAEB719" box="[510,634,1264,1286]" degrees="54" direction="south" minutes="30.22" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-54.503666">54°30.22’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFD0CC5C6FCD2B719" box="[643,774,1264,1286]" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="08.20" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-56.136665">56°08.20’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFF2CC438FE99B73B" box="[163,333,1294,1316]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.883" metricValueMax="2.903" metricValueMin="2.863" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="288.3" valueMax="290.3" valueMin="286.3">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFBFFFCBFF2CC438FE99B73B" box="[163,333,1294,1316]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.883" metricValueMax="2.903" metricValueMin="2.863" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="288.3" valueMax="290.3" valueMin="286.3">286.3–290.3 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFBFFFCBFED6C438FE3EB73B" box="[345,490,1294,1316]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2002-04-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFBFFFCBFED6C438FE3EB73B" box="[345,490,1294,1316]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2002-04-06">6 April 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFE79C438FD4FB73B" box="[502,667,1294,1316]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Agassiz Trawl</collectorName>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFF48C418FEB3B75C" box="[199,359,1325,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">E. Rodríguez.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFEE1C41BFCDEB75D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035335" box="[366,778,1325,1347]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="AMNH 4663" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFEE1C41BFDD6B75C" box="[366,514,1325,1347]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">AMNH 4663</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFBFFFCBFD9BC41BFD6BB75C" box="[532,703,1325,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="generic">ten specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
), ANT
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFF2CC47AFF37B77D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035310" box="[163,227,1356,1378]" collectionCode="XIX" country="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="XIX/5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFF2CC47AFF37B77D" box="[163,227,1356,1378]" collectionCode="XIX" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">XIX/5</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFF65C47AFDC3B77E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035305" box="[234,535,1356,1378]" collectorName="Program" country="Antarctica" location="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFF65C47AFEE2B77D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFF65C47AFEE2B77D" box="[234,310,1356,1378]" country="Antarctica" name="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Cruise</location>
|
||
, LAMPOS
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFE3CC47AFDC3B77E" box="[435,535,1356,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Program</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFDADC47AFE95B7C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035333" collectingDate="2002-04-06" collectionCode="R, V" collectorName="E. Rodriguez" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" elevation="287" latitude="-54.520332" location="Burdwood" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-56.148834" municipality="Scotia Sea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFDADC47AFDE7B77E" box="[546,563,1356,1377]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFDB5C47AFD98B77E" box="[570,588,1356,1377]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
‘
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFDD9C47AFD07B77D" box="[598,723,1356,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Polarstern’</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFD51C47AFF11B79F" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Sta. PS</collectorName>
|
||
61/153,
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFEADC45CFE49B79F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFEADC45CFE49B79F" box="[290,413,1386,1408]" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-54.520332" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-56.148834" municipality="Scotia Sea" name="Burdwood" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Burdwood</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFE2AC45CFDADB79F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFE2AC45CFDADB79F" box="[421,633,1386,1408]" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-54.520332" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-56.148834" municipality="Scotia Sea" name="Namuncura Bank" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Namuncurá Bank</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFBFFFCBFD08C45CFCD1B79F" box="[647,773,1386,1408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Scotia Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFBFFFCBFF2CC4BFFEF6B780" box="[163,290,1417,1439]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFBFFFCBFEA0C4BFFE24B781" box="[303,496,1417,1439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Southern Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFE71C4BFFDAEB780" box="[510,634,1417,1439]" degrees="54" direction="south" minutes="31.22" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-54.520332">54°31.22’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFD0CC4BFFCD2B780" box="[643,774,1417,1439]" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="08.93" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-56.148834">56°08.93’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFF2CC49EFEF1B7A2" box="[163,293,1448,1470]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="2.96" metricValueMin="2.77" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="286.5" valueMax="296.0" valueMin="277.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFBFFFCBFF2CC49EFEF1B7A2" box="[163,293,1448,1470]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="2.96" metricValueMin="2.77" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="286.5" valueMax="296.0" valueMin="277.0">277–296 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFBFFFCBFEBDC49EFE11B7A2" box="[306,453,1448,1470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2002-04-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFBFFFCBFEBDC49EFE11B7A2" box="[306,453,1448,1470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2002-04-06">6 April 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFE5DC49EFDA1B7A1" box="[466,629,1448,1470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Bottom Trawl</collectorName>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFF2CC4F1FE95B7C3" box="[163,321,1478,1500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">E. Rodríguez.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFEC7C4F1FF0EB7E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035315" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="IZC 00331550" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFEC7C4F1FE4FB7C3" box="[328,411,1479,1500]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
_
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFE26C4F1FD98B7C3" box="[425,588,1478,1500]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">IZC 00331550</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFBFFFCBFDD2C4F1FD2AB7C3" box="[605,766,1478,1500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
), ANT
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFF6DC4D3FEEDB7E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035327" box="[226,313,1509,1530]" collectionCode="XXIII" country="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="XXIII/8" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFF6DC4D3FEEDB7E5" box="[226,313,1509,1530]" collectionCode="XXIII" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">XXIII/8</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFECEC4D3FD95B7E4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035313" box="[321,577,1509,1531]" collectorName="Program" country="Antarctica" location="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFECEC4D3FE5BB7E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFECEC4D3FE5BB7E4" box="[321,399,1509,1531]" country="Antarctica" name="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Cruise</location>
|
||
, EBA
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFE55C4D0FD95B7E4" box="[474,577,1510,1531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Program</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFDC2C4D3FDA0B469" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035306" collectingDate="2006-12-30" collectionCode="R, V" collectorName="P. Lopez-Gonzalez" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" elevation="429" latitude="-61.590168" location="Polarstern'" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-57.343334" municipality="South Shetland Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFDC2C4D3FD8AB7E5" box="[589,606,1509,1530]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFDE9C4D3FDACB7E5" box="[614,632,1509,1530]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
‘
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFD0BC4D3FCD2B7E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFD0BC4D3FCD2B7E4" box="[644,774,1509,1531]" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-61.590168" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-57.343334" municipality="South Shetland Islands" name="Polarstern'" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Polarstern’</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFF2CC732FF04B406" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFF2CC732FF04B406" box="[163,208,1540,1561]" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-61.590168" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-57.343334" municipality="South Shetland Islands" name="Sta." pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Sta.</location>
|
||
PS69/662-1,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFBFFFCBFEE5C732FDAAB405" box="[362,638,1540,1562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">South Shetland Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFBFFFCBFD05C732FCD2B405" box="[650,774,1540,1562]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFBFFFCBFF2CC714FEB6B427" box="[163,354,1570,1592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Southern Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
, 61°35.91’S 57°17.04’W /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFD04C714FCD2B427" box="[651,774,1570,1592]" degrees="61" direction="south" minutes="35.41" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-61.590168">61°35.41’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFF2CC777FEF4B448" box="[163,288,1601,1623]" degrees="57" direction="west" minutes="20.60" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-57.343334">57°20.60’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFEA4C777FE04B448" box="[299,464,1601,1623]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.286" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="4.254" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="428.6" valueMax="431.8" valueMin="425.4">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFBFFFCBFEA4C777FE04B448" box="[299,464,1601,1623]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.286" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="4.254" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="428.6" valueMax="431.8" valueMin="425.4">425.4–431.8 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFBFFFCBFE53C777FD79B448" box="[476,685,1601,1623]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2006-12-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFBFFFCBFE53C777FD79B448" box="[476,685,1601,1623]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2006-12-30">30 December 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFD37C774FF38B469" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Bottom Trawl</collectorName>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFE1DC756FDA0B469" box="[402,628,1632,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">P. López-González.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFDF2C756FDEEB48B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035336" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="IZC 00361336" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFDF2C756FD05B46A" box="[637,721,1632,1653]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
_
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFD51C756FEC8B48B" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">IZC 00361336</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFBFFFCBFEBDC749FE32B48B" box="[306,486,1662,1684]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
), ANT
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFDC8C749FD76B48B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035321" box="[583,674,1663,1684]" collectionCode="XXIX" country="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="XXIX/9" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFDC8C749FD76B48B" box="[583,674,1663,1684]" collectionCode="XXIX" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">XXIX/9</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFD20C748FE86B4AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035308" collectorName="Program" country="Antarctica" location="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFD20C748FCD0B48B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFD20C748FCD0B48B" box="[687,772,1662,1684]" country="Antarctica" name="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Cruise</location>
|
||
, FOS
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFF6BC7A8FE86B4AC" box="[228,338,1694,1715]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Program</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFEEDC7ABFEABB510" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035325" collectingDate="2014-02-07" collectionCode="R, V" collectorName="Sta. PS & Agassiz Trawl" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" elevation="409" latitude="-74.9935" location="Polarstern'" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="-29.3815" municipality="Weddell Sea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFEEDC7ABFEA0B4AD" box="[354,372,1693,1714]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFEF3C7ABFE5BB4AD" box="[380,399,1693,1714]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
‘
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFE11C7ABFDFFB4AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFE11C7ABFDFFB4AC" box="[414,555,1693,1715]" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-74.9935" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="-29.3815" municipality="Weddell Sea" name="Polarstern'" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Polarstern’</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFDB4C7ABFD4DB4AD" box="[571,665,1693,1714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Sta. PS</collectorName>
|
||
82/283-2,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFBFFFCBFF2CC78AFEE7B4CE" box="[163,307,1724,1746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Weddell Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFBFFFCBFEB0C78AFE6FB4CD" box="[319,443,1724,1746]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFBFFFCBFE48C78AFD51B4CE" box="[455,645,1724,1746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Southern Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFD1EC78AFCDFB4CD" box="[657,779,1724,1746]" degrees="74" direction="south" minutes="59.61" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-74.9935">74°59.61’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFF2CC7ECFEFCB4F0" box="[163,296,1754,1775]" degrees="29" direction="west" minutes="22.89" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-29.3815">29°22.89’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFEBBC7ECFE1BB4EF" box="[308,463,1754,1776]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0885" metricValueMax="4.11" metricValueMin="4.067" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="408.85" valueMax="411.0" valueMin="406.7">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFBFFFCBFEBBC7ECFE1BB4EF" box="[308,463,1754,1776]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0885" metricValueMax="4.11" metricValueMin="4.067" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="408.85" valueMax="411.0" valueMin="406.7">406.7–411 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFBFFFCBFE53C7EDFD70B4F0" box="[476,676,1754,1776]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2014-02-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFBFFFCBFE53C7EDFD70B4F0" box="[476,676,1754,1776]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2014-02-07">7 February 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFD3EC7ECFF3EB510" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Agassiz Trawl</collectorName>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFE08C7CFFE28B511" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035322" box="[391,508,1785,1806]" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Zapata" country="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFE08C7CFFE48B511" box="[391,412,1785,1806]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFE27C7CFFE28B511" box="[424,508,1785,1806]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Zapata</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFD88C7CFFE5CB532" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035332" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="IZC 00361337" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFD88C7CFFD8EB511" box="[519,602,1785,1806]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
_
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFDE8C7CFFCDFB510" box="[615,779,1785,1807]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">IZC 00361337</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFBFFFCBFF25C62EFE97B531" box="[170,323,1816,1838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
), ANT
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFE01C62EFE34B532" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035340" box="[398,480,1816,1837]" collectionCode="XXIX" country="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="XXIX/9" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFE01C62EFE34B532" box="[398,480,1816,1837]" collectionCode="XXIX" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">XXIX/9</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFE6AC62EFD03B532" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035339" box="[485,727,1816,1838]" collectorName="Program" country="Antarctica" location="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFE6AC62EFDE4B531" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFE6AC62EFDE4B531" box="[485,560,1816,1838]" country="Antarctica" name="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Cruise</location>
|
||
, FOS
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFDFCC62EFD03B532" box="[627,727,1816,1837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Program</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFD6EC62EFAFEB2C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035311" collectingDate="2014-02-07" collectionCode="R, V" collectorName="Sta. PS & Agassiz Trawl" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" elevation="409" latitude="-74.991" location="Polarstern'" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="-29.379168" municipality="Weddell Sea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFD6EC62EFD26B532" box="[737,754,1816,1837]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFD76C62EFCDFB532" box="[761,779,1816,1837]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
‘
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFF28C600FEF2B553" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFF28C600FEF2B553" box="[167,294,1846,1868]" country="Antarctica" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-74.991" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="-29.379168" municipality="Weddell Sea" name="Polarstern'" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Polarstern’</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFEBDC600FE51B554" box="[306,389,1846,1867]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Sta. PS</collectorName>
|
||
82/283-2,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFBFFFCBFE7BC600FD56B554" box="[500,642,1846,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Weddell Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFBFFFCBFD02C600FCD3B553" box="[653,775,1846,1868]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFBFFFCBFF2CC663FE89B575" box="[163,349,1877,1899]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Southern Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFEE6C663FE34B574" box="[361,480,1877,1899]" degrees="74" direction="south" minutes="59.46" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-74.991">74°59.46’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFE67C663FDBCB574" box="[488,616,1877,1899]" degrees="29" direction="west" minutes="22.75" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-29.379168">29°22.75’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFDFCC663FCD3B575" box="[627,775,1877,1899]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0885" metricValueMax="4.11" metricValueMin="4.067" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="408.85" valueMax="411.0" valueMin="406.7">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFBFFFCBFDFCC663FCD3B575" box="[627,775,1877,1899]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0885" metricValueMax="4.11" metricValueMin="4.067" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="408.85" valueMax="411.0" valueMin="406.7">406.7–411 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFBFFFCBFCB4C1F3FC21B2C5" box="[827,1013,197,219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2014-02-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFBFFFCBFCB4C1F3FC21B2C5" box="[827,1013,197,219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2014-02-07">7 February 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFC71C1F3FB49B2C4" box="[1022,1181,197,219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Agassiz Trawl</collectorName>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFABFC1F3FA4BB2C5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035330" box="[1328,1439,197,218]" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Zapata" country="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFABFC1F3FA91B2C5" box="[1328,1349,197,218]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFAC1C1F3FA4BB2C5" box="[1358,1439,197,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Zapata</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFCB4C1D2FB01B2E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035307" accessionNumber="JCR15005" box="[827,1237,228,250]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFCB4C1D2FC76B2E6" box="[827,930,228,249]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFBFFFCBFC3FC1D2FB9FB2E5" box="[944,1099,228,250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
), JCR15005
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFB6FC1D2FA76B349" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035337" collectingDate="2016-03-09" collectorName="Agassiz & E. Rodriguez." country="Antarctica" county="Scotia Sea" elevation="517" latitude="-60.3553" location="Coronation Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-46.6847" municipality="South" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
event #61, NW of
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFCB4C034FBD9B307" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFCB4C034FBD9B307" box="[827,1037,258,280]" country="Antarctica" county="Scotia Sea" latitude="-60.3553" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-46.6847" municipality="South" name="Coronation Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Coronation Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFBFFFCBFB96C034FB89B307" box="[1049,1117,258,280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">South</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Orkney Islands,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFBFFFCBFAABC034FA4AB308" box="[1316,1438,258,280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Scotia Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFBFFFCBFCB4C017FC67B328" box="[827,947,289,311]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFC33C017FB98B328" box="[956,1100,289,311]" degrees="60" direction="south" minutes="21.3180" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="1" value="-60.3553">60°21.3180’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFBDEC017FB3CB328" box="[1105,1256,289,311]" degrees="46" direction="west" minutes="41.0820" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="1" value="-46.6847">46°41.0820’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFBFFFCBFB7DC017FA4BB328" box="[1266,1439,289,311]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1697" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="516.97">
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFB7DC017FA83B329" box="[1266,1367,289,311]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1697" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="516.97">516.97 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFBFFFCBFCB4C076FC02B349" box="[827,982,320,342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2016-03-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFBFFFCBFCB4C076FC02B349" box="[827,982,320,342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2016-03-09">9 March 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFC50C076FBE1B349" box="[991,1077,320,342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Agassiz</collectorName>
|
||
trawl, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFA84C076FA76B349" box="[1291,1442,320,342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">E. Rodríguez.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFBFFFCBFCB4C04FFA70B145" blockId="6.[827,1444,377,859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFBFFFCBFCB4C04FFA77B390" box="[827,1443,377,399]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Additional material examined for comparison:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFBFFFCBFCB4C0AEFADDB3B2" authority="(Stephenson, 1918)" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[827,1289,408,430]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Stomphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="selaginella">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFBFFFCBFCB4C0AEFBFDB3B2" box="[827,1065,408,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Stomphia selaginella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C55C28FAFFBFFFCBFBB7C0AEFB2BB3B2" author="Stephenson TA" box="[1080,1279,408,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref18654" refString="Stephenson TA. 1918. Coelenterata. Part I. - Actiniaria. Natural History Reports on British Antarctic (' Terra Nova') Expedition 1910 5: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1918">Stephenson, 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFA9BC0AEFBDEB059" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035304" collectingDate="1998-02-19" collectionCode="EASIZ, II, R, V" collectorName="Sta. PS & Gonzalez" country="Antarctica" county="Austasen" elevation="236" latitude="-70.84" location="Cruise" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="-10.59" municipality="Weddell Sea" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="AMNH 4326" specimenCount="20">
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFA9BC0AEFA77B3B1" box="[1300,1443,408,430]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">AMNH 4326</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFBFFFCBFCCDC080FC37B3D3" box="[834,995,438,460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); locality: ANT XV/3
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFB53C080FAFFB3D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFB53C080FAFFB3D3" box="[1244,1323,438,460]" country="Antarctica" county="Austasen" latitude="-70.84" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="-10.59" municipality="Weddell Sea" name="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Cruise</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFAB7C080FA76B3D3" box="[1336,1442,438,460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">EASIZ II</collectionCode>
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFCB4C0E3FC70B3F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFCB4C0E3FC70B3F5" box="[827,932,469,490]" country="Antarctica" county="Austasen" latitude="-70.84" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="-10.59" municipality="Weddell Sea" name="Program" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Program</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFC3DC0E3FC17B3F5" box="[946,963,469,490]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFC44C0E3FC09B3F5" box="[971,989,469,490]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
‘
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFC65C0E3FBBBB3F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFC65C0E3FBBBB3F4" box="[1002,1135,469,491]" country="Antarctica" county="Austasen" latitude="-70.84" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="-10.59" municipality="Weddell Sea" name="Polarstern'" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Polarstern’</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFBF2C0E3FB01B3F5" box="[1149,1237,469,490]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Sta. PS</collectorName>
|
||
48/220,
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFABAC0E3FC51B016" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFABAC0E3FC51B016" country="Antarctica" county="Austasen" latitude="-70.84" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="-10.59" municipality="Weddell Sea" name="Southern Ocean" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Southern Ocean</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFBFFFCBFC1FC0C2FBDFB015" box="[912,1035,500,522]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFBFFFCBFB99C0C2FB72B016" box="[1046,1190,500,522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Weddell Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFBFFFCBFB3EC0C2FACAB016" box="[1201,1310,500,521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Austasen</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFAA5C0C5FA76B016" box="[1322,1442,499,521]" degrees="70" direction="south" minutes="50.40" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-70.84">70°50.40’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFCB4C324FC6DB037" box="[827,953,530,552]" degrees="10" direction="west" minutes="35.40" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-10.59">10°35.40’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFBFFFCBFBC2C324FAC1B038" box="[1101,1301,530,552]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="1998-02-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFBFFFCBFBC2C324FAC1B038" box="[1101,1301,530,552]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="1998-02-19">19 February 1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by P. López-
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFCB4C307FC72B058" box="[827,934,561,583]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">González</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFC39C307FBD6B059" box="[950,1026,561,583]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="236.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFBFFFCBFC39C307FBD6B059" box="[950,1026,561,583]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="236.0">236 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFB98C307FB64B0FF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035302" collectingDate="2002-04-06" collectionCode="R, V" collectorName="E. Rodriguez" country="Antarctica" county="Namuncura Bank" elevation="277" latitude="-54.520332" location="Cruise" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-56.148834" municipality="Burdwood" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="AMNH 4698, XIX/5" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFBFFFCBFB98C307FCA9B07A" authority="(Hertwig, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Hertwig" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFBFFFCBFB98C307FAF8B058" box="[1047,1324,561,583]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Actinostola crassicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C55C28FAFFBFFFCBFAB2C307FCA7B07A" author="Hertwig R" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" refId="ref16441" refString="Hertwig R. 1882. Die actinien der challenger expedition. Jena: Gustav Fischer." type="book" year="1882">Hertwig, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFC05C366FBCAB079" box="[906,1054,592,614]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">AMNH 4698</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFBFFFCBFBA0C366FB27B079" box="[1071,1267,592,614]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); locality: ANT
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFCB4C358FC54B09B" box="[827,896,622,644]" collectionCode="XIX" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">XIX/5</specimenCode>
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFC04C358FC09B09B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFC04C358FC09B09B" box="[907,989,622,644]" country="Antarctica" county="Namuncura Bank" latitude="-54.520332" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-56.148834" municipality="Burdwood" name="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Cruise</location>
|
||
, LAMPOS
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFBE6C359FB01B09B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFBE6C359FB01B09B" box="[1129,1237,623,644]" country="Antarctica" county="Namuncura Bank" latitude="-54.520332" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-56.148834" municipality="Burdwood" name="Program" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Program</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFB6BC358FB22B09C" box="[1252,1270,622,643]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFBFFFCBFB71C358FAC5B09C" box="[1278,1297,622,643]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
‘
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFAAFC358FA49B09B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFAAFC358FA49B09B" box="[1312,1437,622,644]" country="Antarctica" county="Namuncura Bank" latitude="-54.520332" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-56.148834" municipality="Burdwood" name="Polastern'" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Polastern’</location>
|
||
, Sta. 61/153,
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFC5DC3BBFB53B0BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFC5DC3BBFB53B0BD" box="[978,1159,653,675]" country="Antarctica" county="Namuncura Bank" latitude="-54.520332" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-56.148834" municipality="Burdwood" name="Drake Passage" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Drake Passage</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFBFFFCBFB1BC3BBFAC0B0BC" box="[1172,1300,653,675]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFBFFFCBFAADC3BBFA4DB0BC" box="[1314,1433,653,675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Burdwood</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFBFFFCBFCB4C39AFBD1B0DD" box="[827,1029,684,706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Namuncurá Bank</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFB9FC39DFB56B0DE" box="[1040,1154,683,705]" degrees="54" direction="south" minutes="31.22" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-54.520332">54º31.22’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFB06C39DFAD6B0DE" box="[1161,1282,683,705]" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="08.93" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-56.148834">56º08.93’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFBFFFCBFA1AC39AFC79B0C0" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2002-04-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFBFFFCBFA1AC39AFC79B0C0" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2002-04-06">6 April 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFC41C3FDFB8EB0FF" box="[974,1114,714,736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">E. Rodríguez</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFBEBC3FCFB7CB0FF" box="[1124,1192,714,736]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="277.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFBFFFCBFBEBC3FCFB7CB0FF" box="[1124,1192,714,736]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="277.0">277 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFBFFFCBFB38C3FCFA74B145" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035309" collectingDate="2003-11-24" collectionCode="AMNH, XXI" collectorName="Sta. PS & E. Rodriguez" country="Bouvet Island" county="Southern Ocean" elevation="247" latitude="-54.5015" location="Cruise" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-3.2355" municipality="Program" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" specimenCode="AMNH 4803, XXI/2" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFBFFFCBFB38C3FCFC33B0E1" authority="Carlgren, 1927" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1927" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFBFFFCBFB38C3FCFA76B0FF" box="[1207,1442,714,736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Actinostola georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C55C28FAFFBFFFCBFCB4C3DFFC33B0E1" author="Carlgren O" box="[827,999,745,767]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" pagination="1901 - 1903" refId="ref14743" refString="Carlgren O. 1927. Actiniaria and Zoantharia. In: Odhner T, ed. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Soner, 1 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1927">Carlgren, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFC7BC3DFFB52B0E1" box="[1012,1158,745,766]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">AMNH 4803</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFBFFFCBFB19C3DFFAE1B0E0" box="[1174,1333,745,767]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
); locality: ANT
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFBFFFCBFCF9C23EFC62B102" box="[886,950,776,797]" collectionCode="XXI" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">XXI/2</specimenCode>
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFBFFFCBFC34C23EFBD2B101" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFBFFFC4FF45C23EFC06B033:A41203D0FFBFFFCBFC34C23EFBD2B101" box="[955,1030,776,798]" country="Bouvet Island" county="Southern Ocean" latitude="-54.5015" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-3.2355" municipality="Program" name="Cruise" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Cruise</location>
|
||
, BENDEX
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFBFFFCBFB0EC23EFB30B102" box="[1153,1252,776,797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Program</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFB61C23EFAEBB102" box="[1262,1343,775,797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Sta. PS</collectorName>
|
||
65/019-1,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFBFFFCBFCB4C210FC26B124" box="[827,1010,806,828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Southern Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFBFFFCBFC73C211FB4EB123" box="[1020,1178,806,828]" name="Bouvet Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Bouvet Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFB29C210FACFB123" box="[1190,1307,806,828]" degrees="54" direction="south" minutes="30.09" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-54.5015">54°30.09’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFBFFFCBFAADC210FA4BB124" box="[1314,1439,806,827]" degrees="03" direction="west" minutes="14.13" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" precision="9" value="-3.2355">03°14.13’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFBFFFCBFC4EC273FB44B145" box="[961,1168,837,859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2003-11-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFBFFFCBFC4EC273FB44B145" box="[961,1168,837,859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" value="2003-11-24">24 November 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFBFFFCBFB39C273FA90B144" box="[1206,1348,837,859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">E. Rodríguez</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFADEC273FA43B145" box="[1361,1431,837,858]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4699999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="247.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFBFFFCBFADEC273FA43B145" box="[1361,1431,837,858]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4699999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="m" value="247.0">247 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFBFFFCBFCB4C2B2FAE3B1E9" blockId="6.[827,1443,900,1014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFBFFFCBFCB4C2B2FC66B186" box="[827,946,900,921]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Species with mesogleal marginal sphincter and tentacular longitudinal musculature, younger mesenteries unequally developed, no acontia and welldeveloped, thick chitinous cuticle on column.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFBFFFCBFCB4C52DFBE8B6F6" blockId="6.[827,1442,1051,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFBFFFCBFCB4C52DFC6DB62F" box="[827,953,1051,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is Latinized Greek from µάρµαρο, marble. It is named in honour of Pablo López- González (Universidad de Sevilla,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFBFFFCBFB67C56FFAE6B670" box="[1256,1330,1113,1135]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
). He was the first to collect this species and we thank him for his contributions to the diversity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFBFFFCBFB69C5A0FA81B6B3" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[1254,1365,1174,1196]" class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="class">Anthozoa</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Southern Ocean and his mentoring of systematists working on this group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFBFFFCAFCB4C43BFDFEB418" blockId="6.[827,1444,1293,1897]" lastBlockId="7.[145,761,1429,1543]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="1399" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFBFFFCBFCB4C43BFBA7B73D" box="[827,1139,1293,1314]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">
|
||
External anatomy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFBAEC43BFBB7B73D" box="[1057,1123,1293,1314]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Some specimens are flat with triangular body, with elevated central column (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFCCBC47CFC69B77F" box="[836,957,1354,1376]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and broad, flat pedal disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFA94C47CFA47B740" box="[1307,1427,1354,1376]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), others more elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFBBAC45FFB51B761" box="[1077,1157,1385,1407]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedal disc broader than column, irregular in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFBF2C4B1FB1BB782" box="[1149,1231,1415,1437]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[163,241,1657,1679]" captionTargetBox="[309,1299,197,1617]" captionTargetId="figure-28@4.[307,1299,195,1618]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic reconstruction resulting from maximum likelihood analysis using a concatenated dataset of three mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COIII) and two nuclear markers (18S, 28S). Coloured boxes indicate actiniarian superfamilies with hypothesized phylogenetic position of Chitinactis marmara and Scytophorus striatus indicated by red stars; clade of burrowing anemones indicated by blue circle. Bootstrap resampling values indicated above branches (ML/MP); only support values> 50% are shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752627/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with mesenterial insertions visible on limbus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFB2EC490FB2CB7A4" box="[1185,1272,1446,1468]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFA9DC490FA56B7A3" box="[1298,1410,1446,1468]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="9.0">9–21 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in preserved specimens. Column cylindrical, broader proximally, becoming less so distally due to contraction of scapulus into scapus in most specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFCCBC717FC6BB429" box="[836,959,1569,1591]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); in less contracted specimens, column visibly divided into short, smooth scapulus and long scapus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFC14C768FC3BB46C" box="[923,1007,1630,1652]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); column diameter
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFB58C768FA90B46B" box="[1239,1348,1630,1652]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="5.0">5–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
at midcolumn and
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBFFFCBFC45C74BFBE1B48D" box="[970,1077,1661,1682]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="7.0">7–22 mm</quantity>
|
||
length in preserved specimens. Scapus with small tubercles in longitudinal rows throughout scapus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFB92C78CFBB8B4D0" box="[1053,1132,1722,1744]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
); column epidermis may be absent in certain regions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFBD2C7EFFB7EB4F1" box="[1117,1194,1753,1775]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thick, golden cuticle on column (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFC4EC7C1FBE5B512" box="[961,1073,1783,1805]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); may form a thick ‘crust’ easily detached from animal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFBD7C620FB7BB534" box="[1112,1199,1814,1836]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
); cuticle completely absent from column in some specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFA91C603FA40B555" box="[1310,1428,1845,1867]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Margin of column tentaculate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBFFFCBFB23C665FAF4B576" box="[1196,1312,1875,1897]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1398">Fig. 3C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral disc small, circular in contracted specimens; diameter
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBEFFCAFF1EC485FF3BB7D6" box="[145,239,1459,1481]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in preserved specimens. Tentacles about 50, slender (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFF7CC4E4FEB5B7F8" box="[243,353,1490,1512]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-302@7.[145,1425,195,1182]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. External anatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 3C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); putatively arranged in four cycles; up to
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFBEFFCAFF5DC4C6FEC6B419" box="[210,274,1520,1542]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in preserved specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F5B20583FFBEFFCAFF1FC5F0FA46B74E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752631" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5752631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752631/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399" startId="7.[144,222,1222,1244]" targetBox="[145,1425,195,1182]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFBEFFCAFF1FC5F0FA46B74E" blockId="7.[144,1426,1222,1361]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFBEFFCAFF1FC5F0FF23B6C4" bold="true" box="[144,247,1222,1244]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
External anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFBEFFCAFE52C5F0FD6EB6C3" box="[477,698,1222,1244]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Chitinactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marmara">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFBEFFCAFE52C5F0FD6EB6C3" box="[477,698,1222,1244]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Chitinactis marmara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, lateral view of live specimen; B, two live specimens without cuticle; C, lateral view of preserved specimen showing row of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrow) and mesenterial insertions on limbus; D, cross-section through distal column showing scapulus with thick mesoglea; E, longitudinal section through distal column showing; note marginal sphincter musculature (white) on scapulus; F, detail of column with epidermis and cuticle; G, detail of columnar cuticle detached from epidermis. Scale bars, A, 10 mm; B, 20 mm; C, E, 4 mm; D, G, 20 mm; F, 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFBEFFCAFF1EC719FAB7B45C" blockId="7.[145,761,1583,1881]" lastBlockId="7.[809,1426,1429,1880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFBEFFCAFF1EC719FDBAB45A" box="[145,622,1583,1605]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">
|
||
Internal anatomy, microanatomy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFD92C706FD8AB45B" box="[541,606,1583,1605]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Aboral end flat, not physa-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFEE4C778FE6CB47C" box="[363,440,1614,1636]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Overall body wall thickness varies along column (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFE18C75BFDDAB49D" box="[407,526,1645,1667]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
): scapus epidermis 85–271 µm, mesoglea 92–398 µm and gastrodermis 40–190 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFE91C79CFEA4B4A0" box="[286,368,1706,1728]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
); scapulus epidermis 101–169 µm, mesoglea 79–248 µm and gastrodermis 91–158 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFF16C7D1FF3CB4E3" box="[153,232,1767,1789]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thick, brown, non-stratified cuticle on scapus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFF16C630FEFDB504" box="[153,297,1798,1820]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4B, C, E</figureCitation>
|
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), absent from scapulus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFDCBC630FD4CB504" box="[580,664,1798,1820]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
); cuticle also on pedal disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFE0FC613FE0CB525" box="[384,472,1829,1851]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Longitudinal circular endodermal musculature of column strong, with high muscle processes in distal column (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFB73C4A3FA99B7B5" box="[1276,1357,1429,1451]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
), also observed in dissections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFBDCC485FB7EB7D7" box="[1107,1194,1459,1481]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow). Mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFB12C4E4FB38B7F8" box="[1181,1260,1490,1512]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Longitudinal musculature of tentacles mesogleal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFA93C4C7FAABB419" box="[1308,1407,1521,1543]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Actinopharynx short, strongly longitudinally sulcate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFCBEC718FC54B45C" box="[817,896,1582,1604]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
); siphonoglyphs not differentiated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFA82C718FA80B45C" box="[1293,1364,1582,1604]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFBEFFC4FCCEC77BFD24B054" blockId="7.[809,1426,1429,1880]" lastBlockId="9.[145,761,197,587]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1401" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">
|
||
Two cycles of mesenteries distally at scapulus-level (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFCBEC75DFCABB49F" box="[817,895,1643,1665]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||
): six pairs of perfect mesenteries of first cycle and four pairs of second cycle with a single mesentery of a pair in the dorso- and ventral-lateral exoceles (but seen in scapulus:
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFC7EC7F1FB90B4C3" box="[1009,1092,1735,1757]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Three cycles of mesenteries at distal column: six pairs of perfect mesenteries of first cycle, two cycles of imperfect mesenteries (6 + 6 + 12:
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFCA6C615FC4CB526" box="[809,920,1827,1849]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). More mesenteries proximally than distally (6 + 6 + 12 + 24:
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFBEFFCAFC54C674FB9CB548" box="[987,1096,1858,1880]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1399">Fig. 4L, N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Retractors of mesenteries of first cycle strong, diffuse (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB0FFC4FE21C1F3FDE8B2C5" box="[430,572,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Fig. 4K, N, O</figureCitation>
|
||
); well developed, pinnate, with well-developed central mesogleal lamella proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB0FFC4FEADC034FEA1B307" box="[290,373,258,280]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Fig. 4P</figureCitation>
|
||
). Retractors of second and third cycles weaker than in first cycle, diffuse, occupying entire mesentery length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB0FFC4FE32C076FDE2B34A" box="[445,566,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Fig. 4K, N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesenteries of fourth cycle small, without well-developed musculature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB0FFC4FF16C04BFF3FB38D" box="[153,235,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Fig. 4P</figureCitation>
|
||
). Parietobasilar musculature well developed, strong in mesenteries of first to third cycles both distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB0FFC4FF16C08CFF33B3CF" box="[153,231,442,464]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Fig. 4O</figureCitation>
|
||
) and proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB0FFC4FE27C08CFE22B3CF" box="[424,502,442,464]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Fig. 4Q</figureCitation>
|
||
); absent in mesenteries of fourth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB0FFC4FE88C0EFFE88B3F1" box="[263,348,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Fig. 4N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basilar musculature present (not shown). Gametogenic tissue in third cycle mesenteries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB0FFC4FF16C320FF3DB033" box="[153,233,534,556]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[433,1171,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Chitinactis marmara. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N, 2.5 mm; B, C, 4 mm; D, E, H, O, Q, 0.2 mm, F, 0.6 mm; G, J, 0.5 mm; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P, 1 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
|
||
); specimens collected in December sterile and those in February females. Species inferred gonochoric.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F5B20583FFB1FFC4FF2CC7BDFAA4B573" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752633" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5752633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752633/files/figure.png" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1401" pageId="8" pageNumber="1400" startId="8.[163,243,1675,1697]" targetBox="[433,1171,195,1635]" targetPageId="8">
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||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB1FFC4FF2CC7BDFAA4B573" blockId="8.[163,1444,1675,1873]" lastBlockId="9.[145,1425,1467,1900]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1401" pageId="8" pageNumber="1400">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB1FFC5FF2CC7BDFEDAB4BF" bold="true" box="[163,270,1675,1697]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1400">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Internal anatomy and microanatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB1FFC5FD44C7BDFC7AB4BE" box="[715,942,1675,1697]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Chitinactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="1400" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marmara">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB1FFC5FD44C7BDFC7AB4BE" box="[715,942,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1400">Chitinactis marmara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, micro-CT longitudinal scan through whole specimen showing broad, flattened pedal disc, wide oral disc, short actinopharynx and gastrovascular cavity; note cuticle on both pedal disc and column (stained in white); B, longitudinal section through half of distal column showing body layers and strong cuticle; C, longitudinal histological section through half of distal column showing body wall layers; D, detail of histological cross-section through scapulus showing body layers; note thick mesoglea; E, detail of histological cross-section through scapus showing relatively thinner mesoglea and thicker epidermis compared to scapulus; note cuticle attached to epidermis (indicated by arrow); F, histological longitudinal section through column showing strong, longitudinal, circular endodermal musculature with high muscle processes; G, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing mesogleal marginal sphincter musculature; H, histological cross-section through tentacle showing mesogleal longitudinal musculature (indicated by arrow); I, micro-CT cross-section scan through oral disc showing wide oral disc with tentacles; note six rows of columnar tubercles (indicated by arrows) and an introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); J, histological cross-section through mid-column showing columnar tubercle; K, histological cross-section through inverted scapulus and scapus showing one cycle of six perfect pairs of mesenteries (numbers 1–6; directives indicated by arrows); second cycle of mesenteries with one missing mesentery of a pair (numbers 7–12; missing mesentery indicated by asterisk), but noticed complete pair on opposite scapulus; L, cross-section dissection through mid-scapus showing three cycles of mesenteries on half of the column (indicated by numbers); M, cross-section dissection through distal column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note introverted tentacle (indicated by asterisk); N, histological cross-section through mid-column showing arrangement of mesenteries; note the unequal development of mesenteries of some pairs (indicated by asterisks); O, detail of a pair of directive pair of mesenteries on distal column; P, detail of a pair of small pair of fourth cycle of mesenteries; note the strong, circumscribed retractor of mesenteries; Q, detail of parietobasilar musculature on a pair of mesentery of first cycle. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; e, epidermis, g, gastrodermis; m, mesoglea; od, oral disc; sc, scapus; sp, scapulus. Scale bars, A, N,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB0FFC4FECFC660FE44B573" box="[320,400,1878,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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||
; B, C,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB0FFC4FE5FC660FDD9B573" box="[464,525,1878,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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; D, E, H, O, Q,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB0FFC4FD27C660FD2CB573" box="[680,760,1878,1900]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
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||
, F,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB0FFC4FC95C660FCBEB573" box="[794,874,1878,1900]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; G, J,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB0FFC4FC28C660FC23B573" box="[935,1015,1878,1900]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; I, 3, 2 mm; K, L, P,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB0FFC4FB4AC660FAD6B573" box="[1221,1282,1878,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; M,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB0FFC4FAA1C660FABFB573" box="[1326,1387,1878,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB0FFC4FF1EC342FE99B0D8" blockId="9.[145,761,628,711]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FF1EC342FF27B096" box="[145,243,628,649]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Cnidom:</emphasis>
|
||
spirocysts, basitrichs,
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FD8BC342FDC6B096" box="[516,530,628,649]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores and
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FF1EC3A5FF4BB0B7" box="[145,159,659,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores A. See
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB0FFC4FE26C3A4FDD8B0B7" box="[425,524,658,680]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[164,247,1154,1176]" captionTargetBox="[230,710,520,1113]" captionTargetId="figure-328@10.[229,712,519,1115]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Cnidom of Chitinactis marmara. A, B, E, F, basitrichs; C, gracile spirocyst; D, H, p-mastigophore A; G, b-mastigophore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752637/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="EC4F60B0FFB0FFC4FDC8C3A4FD49B0B7" box="[583,669,658,680]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="10.[163,227,1305,1326]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Table 1. Size ranges of the cnidae of Chitinactis marmara; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; S, proportion of specimens in which each cnidae was found; N, total number of capsules measured; F, frequency; +++, very common; ++, common; +, fairly common; -, rare." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F5B20583FFB3FFC7FF2CC42FFE5EB775" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" tableUuid="F5B20583FFB3FFC7FF2CC42FFE5EB775">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
for size and distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB0FFC4FF1EC3C6FD98B711" blockId="9.[145,761,752,1295]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FF1EC3C6FDD1B11A" box="[145,517,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Distribution and natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
Multiple individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB0FFC4FF3FC238FE66B13B" box="[176,434,782,804]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Chitinactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marmara">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FF3FC238FE66B13B" box="[176,434,782,804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Chitinactis marmara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected around the South
|
||
<collectingRegion id="63099BE9FFB0FFC4FF6FC21BFE7FB15C" box="[224,427,813,835]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the Antarctic Peninsula, the south-west of the South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFB0FFC4FE55C27AFD5AB17D" box="[474,654,844,866]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
and east of Burdwood/Numuncurá Bank in the Scotia Arc, from
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB0FFC4FF5CC2BFFE8DB180" box="[211,345,905,927]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.97" metricValueMax="5.17" metricValueMin="2.77" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" unit="m" value="397.0" valueMax="517.0" valueMin="277.0">277–517 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB0FFC4FDEAC2BFFD2DB180" box="[613,761,905,927]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Chitinactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marmara">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FDEAC2BFFD2DB180" box="[613,761,905,927]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">C. marmara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were also collected from the eastern Weddell Sea (at Kapp
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFB0FFC4FF58C2F0FE96B1C3" box="[215,322,966,988]" name="Norway" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Norvegia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) between 400 and
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB0FFC4FD91C2F0FDB1B1C3" box="[542,613,966,988]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.16" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" unit="m" value="416.0">416 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, some of them collected together with multiple individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB0FFC4FF3DC532FD86B606" authority="(Clubb, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Clubb" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[178,594,1028,1050]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FF3DC532FE4FB606" box="[178,411,1028,1049]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Aulactinia sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C55C28FAFFB0FFC4FE3FC532FD92B606" author="Clubb JA" box="[432,582,1028,1050]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" pagination="294 - 309" refId="ref15148" refString="Clubb JA. 1902. Actiniae. With an account of their peculiar brood chambers. In: Report on collections of natural history made in the Antarctic Regions during the voyage of the ' Southern Cross'. London: British Museum (Natural History), 294 - 309." type="book chapter" year="1902">Clubb, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB0FFC4FF1EC515FEF4B627" box="[145,288,1059,1080]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Chitinactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marmara">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FF1EC515FEF4B627" box="[145,288,1059,1080]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">C. marmara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a shelf endemic in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFB0FFC4FD83C514FD5DB627" box="[524,649,1058,1080]" name="Antarctica" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and sub-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFB0FFC4FF1EC577FEDBB648" box="[145,271,1089,1111]" name="Antarctica" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The new record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB0FFC4FE7BC577FDBCB649" baseAuthorityName="Clubb" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[500,616,1089,1110]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sulcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FE7BC577FDBCB649" box="[500,616,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">A. sulcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends the circumpolar distribution of the species found in the Bransfield Strait, South Shetland Islands, Elephant Islands and the Drake Passage in the Antarctic Peninsula and McMurdo Sound (Victoria Island) in the Ross Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C55C28FAFFB0FFC4FEB9C5ECFD19B6F0" author="Rodriguez E & Lopez-Gonzalez PJ" box="[310,717,1242,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref18071" refString="Rodriguez E, Lopez-Gonzalez PJ. 2013. New records of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctic Peninsula, and Scotia Arc. Zootaxa 3624: 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="2013">Rodríguez & López-González, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), to include the south-eastern Weddell Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB0FFC4FF1EC474FC06B033" blockId="9.[145,760,1346,1399]" lastBlockId="9.[809,1426,197,556]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FF1EC474FE4CB748" box="[145,408,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">
|
||
Remarks:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB0FFC4FE9EC474FE4CB748" box="[273,408,1346,1367]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Chitinactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Chitinactis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a monotypic genus easily differentiated from other actinostolids based on the following combination of characters: mesogleal tubercles and distinct columnar cuticle, mesogleal longitudinal tentacle musculature and unequal development of younger mesenteries. Although the large and common
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FBC0C076FB89B34A" box="[1103,1117,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB0FFC4FCA6C069FC6AB36B" box="[809,958,351,372]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Chitinactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marmara">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FCA6C069FC6AB36B" box="[809,958,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">C. marmara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB0FFC4FC5CC068FBFAB36B" box="[979,1070,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[164,247,1154,1176]" captionTargetBox="[230,710,520,1113]" captionTargetId="figure-328@10.[229,712,519,1115]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Cnidom of Chitinactis marmara. A, B, E, F, basitrichs; C, gracile spirocyst; D, H, p-mastigophore A; G, b-mastigophore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752637/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
) strongly resemble those in the tentacles of some actinostolids (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB0FFC4FB71C048FA5FB38C" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1918" box="[1278,1419,382,403]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Hormosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FB71C048FA5FB38C" box="[1278,1419,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Hormosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB0FFC4FCA6C0AAFC74B3AE" authorityName="Gosse" authorityYear="1859" box="[809,928,412,433]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Stomphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FCA6C0AAFC74B3AE" box="[809,928,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Stomphia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB0FFC4FC6BC0AAFBBBB3AE" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[996,1135,412,433]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Actinostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FC6BC0AAFBBBB3AE" box="[996,1135,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">Actinostola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), they are always only found in the filaments. To date, no specimens having the attributes described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB0FFC4FBF1C0EFFADAB3F0" box="[1150,1294,473,495]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinostolidae" genus="Chitinactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marmara">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB0FFC4FBF1C0EFFADAB3F0" box="[1150,1294,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1401">C. marmara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been reported in the literature for the Southern Ocean or anywhere else.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |