477 lines
54 KiB
XML
477 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.593.8063" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f51d1c94-511e-43e7-8e47-894af22ab6b4" ID-PMC="PMC4926633" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-593-139" ID-PubMed="27408555" ID-ZBK="C9B3FBF2B1E34C44B87ECBF83349BDCA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-593-139" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 593" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of frogs of the genus Pristimantis from Llanganates National Park in Ecuador with comments on the regional diversity of Ecuadorian Pristimantis (Anura, Craugastoridae)" checkinTime="1464309952721" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Navarrete, Maria J., Venegas, Pablo J. & Ron, Santiago R." docDate="2016" docId="2F58CBB905D5B2F796EDAA2A64C6D003" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 593: 139-162" docOrigin="ZooKeys 593" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.593.8063" docTitle="Pristimantis yanezi Navarrete, Venegas & Ron, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="C9B3FBF2-B1E3-4C44-B87E-CBF83349BDCA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="148" masterDocId="276FFFF0FFB1BA7E0710FFC61E06C505" masterDocTitle="Two new species of frogs of the genus Pristimantis from Llanganates National Park in Ecuador with comments on the regional diversity of Ecuadorian Pristimantis (Anura, Craugastoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1668163141226" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of frogs of the genus Pristimantis from Llanganates National Park in Ecuador with comments on the regional diversity of Ecuadorian Pristimantis (Anura, Craugastoridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Navarrete, Maria J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>593</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>139</mods:start>
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<mods:end>162</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.593.8063</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.593.8063</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-593-139</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C9B3FBF2B1E34C44B87ECBF83349BDCA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C9B3FBF2B1E34C44B87ECBF83349BDCA</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127885732" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C9B3FBF2-B1E3-4C44-B87E-CBF83349BDCA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F58CBB905D5B2F796EDAA2A64C6D003" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Taxon classification Animalia Anura Craugastoridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C9B3FBF2-B1E3-4C44-B87E-CBF83349BDCA" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="141">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="common name">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Common name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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English:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yánez">Yanez</normalizedToken>
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Rain Frog. Spanish:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cutín">Cutin</normalizedToken>
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de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yánez">Yanez</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Holotype</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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QCAZ 46259 (field no. SC-PUCE 29819; Figs 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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), adult male from Ecuador, Provincia Napo,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
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Tena, on the road from Salcedo to Tena (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.009">1.0090°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.1883">78.1883°W</geoCoordinate>
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), 2095 m, collected by Elicio E. Tapia and Fernando
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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on 17 November 2009.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Paratopotypes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">(2 specimens). QCAZ 46257 adult female, 46258 adult male, collected with the holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Paratype</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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(1 specimen). QCAZ 45964 adult male from Ecuador, Provincia Pastaza,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
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Santa Clara, Communal Reserve Ankaku (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.2792">1.2792° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0779">78.0779° W</geoCoordinate>
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), 2280 m, collected by Elicio E. Tapia on 24 October 2009.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="141">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="2" pageNumber="141">
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The new species is assigned to the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pristimantis</taxonomicName>
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. Although morphological synapomorphies are unknown for
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pristimantis</taxonomicName>
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, the new species has the characteristic morphology of most
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pristimantis</taxonomicName>
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including T-shaped terminal phalanges, toes without membranes, and Toe V longer than Toe III.
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) Skin on dorsum smooth in the anterior half and shagreen or tuberculate in the posterior half, skin on venter areolate to weakly areolate; discoidal fold absent; dorsolateral folds absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus present, its upper and posterior margin covered by supratympanic fold; (3) snout short, rounded in dorsal and lateral view; (4) upper eyelid with one distinct conical tubercle surrounded by some low indistinct rounded tubercles; EW 92% of IOD; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) vocals slits and nuptial pads absent; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits expanded, truncate; (8) fingers without lateral fringes; (9) ulnar and carpal tubercles present, low and rounded; (10) heel bearing one low conical tubercle surrounded or not by few lower rounded tubercles; inner tarsal fold present, short; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical, prominent, 3X as large as outer metatarsal tubercle; outer metatarsal tubercle small, ovoid; low, numerous distinct supernumerary plantar tubercles; (12) toes without lateral fringes; basal toe webbing absent; Toe V slightly longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the middle of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V does not reach the subarticular tubercle on Toe IV); toe discs about as large as those on fingers; (13) in life, dorsum yellowish brown to dark brown with scattered pale brown or orange blotches and black flecks, bearing a faint middorsal hourglass-shaped band; head bearing a dark brown interorbital bar and sides of head brown with darker vertical labial bars; flanks dark brown or olive brown with distinct dark brown to black flecks and diffuse dark brown diagonal stripes; groins cream or brownish
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="142" start="start">cream</pageBreakToken>
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; venter light cream to dirty cream with dark brown flecks and with or without dark brown mottling on the throat; iris reddish coppery; (14) SVL in adult female 36.9 mm (n = 1), in adult males 23.7-29.8 mm (n = 3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Comparison with other species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
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In this section, coloration refers to live individuals unless otherwise noted.
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
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is similar to congeneric species characterized by a spiny appearance (i.e. presence of conical tubercles on dorsum, eyelids, heels and outer edge of tarsus). It differs from these species and from other
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pristimantis</taxonomicName>
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by the combination of the following characters: iris reddish coopery, dorsum yellowish brown to brown bearing scattered pale brown to orange blotches; skin on flanks shagreen with small scattered tubercles and bearing distinctive brown to black flecks; upper eyelid, heel and outer edge of tarsus with small conical tubercles; venter and throat cream to dirty cream covered by brown flecks or brown mottling; groins cream or brownish cream; posterior surfaces of thighs and concealed surfaces of shanks brown or olive brown. Adult males of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis chloronotus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chloronotus">Pristimantis chloronotus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="19" pageNumber="158" pagination="135 - 143" title="Identity of two Andean Eleutherodactylus with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae)." url="10.2307/1562953" volume="3" year="1969">Lynch 1969</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis colonensis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colonensis">Pristimantis colonensis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Mueses-Cisneros, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="19" pageNumber="158" pagination="35 - 43" title="Two new species of the genus Eleuterodactylus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Valle de Sibundoy, Putumayo, Colombia." volume="1498" year="2007">Mueses-Cisneros 2007</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis crucifer" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crucifer">Pristimantis crucifer</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, GA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" pagination="454 - 457" title="Descriptions of new Reptiles and Batrachians collected by Mr. P. O Simons in the Andes of Ecuador." url="10.1080/00222939908678229" volume="4" year="1899">Boulenger 1899</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis eriphus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eriphus">Pristimantis eriphus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publication Natural History Museum University of Kansas" pageId="19" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 86" title="The Eleutherodactylus of the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Anura: Leptodactylidae)." volume="69" year="1980">Lynch and Duellman 1980</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis galdi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galdi">Pristimantis galdi</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Jimenez de la Espada, M" journalOrPublisher="Jornal de Sciencias, Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes" pageId="19" pageNumber="158" pagination="57 - 65" title="Fauna neotropicalis species quaedam nondum cognitae." volume="3" year="1870">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
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de la Espada 1870
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</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis inusitatus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inusitatus">Pristimantis inusitatus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publication Natural History Museum University of Kansas" pageId="19" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 86" title="The Eleutherodactylus of the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Anura: Leptodactylidae)." volume="69" year="1980">Lynch and Duellman 1980</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis llanganati" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="llanganati">Pristimantis llanganati</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis mutabilis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">Pristimantis mutabilis</taxonomicName>
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Guayasamin, Krynak, Krynak, Culebras, and Hutter 2015,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis rufoviridis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufoviridis">Pristimantis rufoviridis</taxonomicName>
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Valencia,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yánez-Muñoz">Yanez-Munoz</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Betancourt-Yépez">Betancourt-Yepez</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Terán-Valdez">Teran-Valdez</normalizedToken>
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, and Guayasamin 2011,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis roni" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roni">Pristimantis roni</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yánez-Muñoz">Yanez-Munoz</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bejarano-Muñoz">Bejarano-Munoz</normalizedToken>
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, Brito M., and Batallas 2014, and
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis verecundus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verecundus">Pristimantis verecundus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="19" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 31" title="The frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (family Leptodactylidae) at the La Planada Reserve in southwestern Colombia with descriptions of eight new species." volume="136" year="1990">Lynch and Burrowes 1990</bibRefCitation>
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) in lacking vocal slits.
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis bellae" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellae">Pristimantis bellae</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Reyes-Puig, JP" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia" pageId="19" pageNumber="158" pagination="81 - 91" title="Una nueva especie de Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae) del corredor ecologico Llangantes-Sangay, Andes de Ecuador." volume="52" year="2012">
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Reyes-Puig and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yánez-Muñoz">Yanez-Munoz</normalizedToken>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis colonensis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colonensis">Pristimantis colonensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis inusitatus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inusitatus">Pristimantis inusitatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis roni" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roni">Pristimantis roni</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis rufoviridis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufoviridis">Pristimantis rufoviridis</taxonomicName>
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also differ from
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
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by having a prominent conical tubercle on the eyelids and heels (conical tubercle is small in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Fig. 1). Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis bellae" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellae">Pristimantis bellae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the groins, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, and concealed surfaces of shanks black with white spots or blotches (groins are cream or brownish cream and posterior surfaces of thighs and concealed surfaces of shanks are brown or olive brown with scattered faint cream flecks in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis colonensis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colonensis">Pristimantis colonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having narrow white diagonal stripes on flanks (flanks with faint dark brown diagonal stripes in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Fig. 1). In dorsal view,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis inusitatus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inusitatus">Pristimantis inusitatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the snout subacuminate with a pointed tip, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis galdi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galdi">Pristimantis galdi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis rufoviridis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufoviridis">Pristimantis rufoviridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
the snout is acuminate (snout is rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis roni" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roni">Pristimantis roni</taxonomicName>
|
||
has lateral fringes on fingers and toes (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis chloronotus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chloronotus">Pristimantis chloronotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis eriphus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eriphus">Pristimantis eriphus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis llanganati" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="llanganati">Pristimantis llanganati</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having flanks with clear and dark diagonal bars (flanks without bars in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis chloronotus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chloronotus">Pristimantis chloronotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a pair of sinuous paravertebral folds (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis eriphus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eriphus">Pristimantis eriphus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the dorsum covered by many minute conical tubercles (dorsum smooth to shagreen in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis incanus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incanus">Pristimantis incanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publication Natural History Museum University of Kansas" pageId="19" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 86" title="The Eleutherodactylus of the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Anura: Leptodactylidae)." volume="69" year="1980">Lynch and Duellman 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having groins yellow to light green or red (reddish brown in ethanol) with contrasting light or dark marks (groins are cream to tan cream without contrasting marks in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis crucifer" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crucifer">Pristimantis crucifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis katoptroides" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="katoptroides">Pristimantis katoptroides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Flores, 1988) differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having blue groins (cream or brownish cream in the new species). Both species also differ in iris coloration: red in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis crucifer" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crucifer">Pristimantis crucifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
and cream
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="143" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
|
||
black reticulations in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis katoptroides" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="katoptroides">Pristimantis katoptroides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(iris reddish coopery in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis mutabilis" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabilis">Pristimantis mutabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis verecundus" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verecundus">Pristimantis verecundus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking dorsolateral folds and red coloration in the groins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
Figure 1. Coloration in life of new species and similar congeners. A
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis llanganati" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="llanganati">Pristimantis llanganati</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., QCAZ 46227, adult male, SVL = 24.0 mm B
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis roni" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roni">Pristimantis roni</taxonomicName>
|
||
, QCAZ 58928, adult male, SVL = 27.5 mm C
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis bellae" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bellae">Pristimantis bellae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, QCAZ 46253, adult male, SVL = 22.0 mm D
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., QCAZ 45964, adult male, SVL = 27.8 mm E
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis inusitatus" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inusitatus">Pristimantis inusitatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, QCAZ 40107, SVL = no voucher available F
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis crucifer" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crucifer">Pristimantis crucifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
, QCAZ 56765, adult female, SVL = 25.6 mm G
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis colonensis" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colonensis">Pristimantis colonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, QCAZ 53318, adult female, SVL = 28.8 mm H
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis katoptroides" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="katoptroides">Pristimantis katoptroides</taxonomicName>
|
||
, QCAZ 58896, adult male, SVL = 18.9 mm I
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis eriphus" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eriphus">Pristimantis eriphus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, QCAZ 58603, adult male, SVL = 23.2 mm. Pictures are not scaled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
|
||
Adult male. Measurements (in mm): SVL 29.8; tibia length 17.0; foot length 14.8; head length 8.6; head width 11.5; eye diameter 3.7; tympanum diameter 1.1; interorbital distance 3.4; upper eyelid width 3.1; internarial distance 2.7;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="eye–nostril">eye-nostril</normalizedToken>
|
||
distance 3.3;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="tympanum–eye">tympanum-eye</normalizedToken>
|
||
distance 1.5. Head wider than long, wide as body; head width 39% of SVL; head length 29% of SVL; snout rounded in dorsal view and in profile;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="eye–nostril">eye-nostril</normalizedToken>
|
||
distance 87% of eye diameter; nostrils narrow, higher than long, directed dorsolaterally; canthus rostralis distinct in lateral view, curved in dorsal view; loreal region concave; lips rounded; upper eyelid bearing one small but distinct conical tubercle surrounded by few indistinct smaller tubercles; upper eyelid width 92% of IOD; tympanic annulus distinct, with upper and posterior margins covered by supratympanic fold; tympanic membrane present, distinct; tympanum diameter 30% of eye diameter,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="tympanum–eye">tympanum-eye</normalizedToken>
|
||
distance 134% of tympanum diameter; one
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="144" start="start">enlarged</pageBreakToken>
|
||
conical postrictal tubercle surrounded by indistinct low tubercles. Choanae large, semicircular, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxilla; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately separated, positioned posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several indistinct teeth; vocal slits absent; tongue two times wider than long, notched behind, free posteriorly along one third of its length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="144">Skin on dorsum smooth in the anterior half and shagreen in the posterior half; dorsolateral folds absent; skin on flanks with scattered tubercles; skin on throat, chest and belly weakly areolate, ventral surfaces of thighs areolate; discoidal fold absent; cloacal sheath short; skin in upper cloacal region shagreen, wrinkled ventrally, with several tubercles below the cloacal sheath. Ulnar tubercles present, indistinct; nuptial pads absent; palmar tubercles low, outer palmar tubercle bifid, approximately twice size of ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles low, well defined, round in ventral and lateral view; supernumerary tubercles at base of fingers present, distinct; fingers lacking lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; disc on Finger I rounded and on Finger II expanded, disc on Finger III and Finger IV broadly expanded and truncate; pads on fingers well defined, surrounded by circumferential grooves on all fingers (Fig. 2).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Figure 2. Palmar and plantar surfaces of the new species. Photos of hand (A) and foot (B) of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., QCAZ 46259 (holotype), adult male, Hand Length (HL) = 11.4 mm, Foot Length (FL) = 14.8; hand (C) and foot (D) of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis llanganati" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="llanganati">Pristimantis llanganati</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., QCAZ 46140 (holotype), adult male, HL = 10.2 mm, FL = 22.8 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="144">Hindlimbs slender, tibia length 57% of SVL; foot length 50% of SVL; upper surfaces of hindlimbs smooth; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs areolate; heel bearing one low conical tubercle surrounded by some low rounded tubercles; outer surface of tarsus bearing low but distinct sub-conical tubercles; short inner tarsal fold present; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, elliptical, rounded, much bigger than oval, ill-defined outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar surface with some supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles well defined, round in ventral and lateral view; toes lacking lateral fringes; webbing between toes absent; discs nearly as large as those on fingers, most prominent on Toe IV and V; discs on toes expanded, elliptical; all Toes having pads surrounded by circumferential grooves, less distinct on Toe I; relative lengths of toes: 1 <2 <3 <5 <4 (Fig. 2); Toe V longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the middle of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V extends to proximal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="144">Color of holotype in life (based on digital photographs) (Fig. 3): dorsal surfaces of body, limbs, fingers and toes olive brown bearing a faint mid-dorsal hourglass-shaped band paler than the rest of dorsum, with brown flecks in the posterior half; top of the head, anterior to dark brown interorbital stripe, paler than the rest of head and dorsum; brown canthal stripe; two brown labial bars below orbit; flanks with faint brown diagonal stripes and scattered dark brown flecks, groins with a pale brown blotch; dorsal surfaces of forelimbs bearing dark brown flecks and diffuse brown bands; dorsal surfaces of thighs with faint brown bars and posterior surfaces of thighs olive brown; shanks, tarsus and feet bearing scattered brown flecks. Ventral areas of body, limbs, palms and soles yellowish cream with faint cream mottling on the throat and belly, scattered dark brown flecks on chest and belly, palms and soles. Iris reddish coppery.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Figure 3. Coloration in life of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A dorsal view B ventral view. From left to right: QCAZ 46257, adult female, SVL = 36.9 mm; QCAZ 46259 (Holotype), adult male, SVL = 29.8 mm. Pictures are not scaled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Color of holotype in ethanol 70% (Fig. 4): dorsal surfaces of body, limbs, fingers and toes pale grayish brown, hourglass-shaped middorsal band is paler than the rest of dorsum, head is dusty brown darker than dorsum, the interorbital stripe is bright
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="145" start="start">cream</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and the occipital region dark brown; sides of head dusty brown with dark brown canthal stripe and labial bars; flanks paler than dorsum with diffuse brown diagonal stripes and scattered brown flecks, groins with a pale cream blotch; dorsal surfaces of forelimbs bearing dark brown flecks, especially on fingers, and diffuse brown bands; dorsal surfaces of thighs with indistinct faint brown bars and posterior surfaces of thighs creamy brown with faint pale flecks; shanks, tarsus, and feet darker than thighs bearing scattered brown flecks and faint brown bands. Ventral areas of body, limbs, palms, and soles dirty cream with faint cream mottling on the throat and belly, scattered dark brown flecks on chest, belly, thighs, palms, and soles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Figure 4. Preserved holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., QCAZ 46259, adult male, SVL = 29.8 mm. Dorsal (A), ventral (B) views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
|
||
In this section, coloration refers to preserved individuals. In the type series, adult males (23.7-29.8 mm) are smaller than the single known female (SVL = 36.9 mm). See Table 1 for measurements and proportions of the type specimens. Males lack vocals slits and nuptial pads. The middorsal hourglass-shaped band can be ill defined (QCAZ 46258) or absent (QCAZ 45964) (Fig. 5). Background coloration varies from brown or dark brown to olive yellow. Marks on dorsum and flanks are similar in all paratypes, except for the interorbital bar, that can be broad (QCAZ 46257)
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="146" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
|
||
narrow (QCAZ 45964) and brown (QCAZ 46257) or cream (QCAZ 46258). In life and preservative (Fig, 3; Fig. 5, respectively), the top of head anterior to the orbits can be darker than the rest of dorsum, except in QCAZ 46258 whose head and dorsum are uniform dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Figure 5. Preserved individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. showing dorsal and ventral variation. A dorsal view B ventral view. From left to right: QCAZ 46257, adult female, SVL = 36.9 mm; QCAZ 45964, adult male, SVL = 27.8 mm; QCAZ 46258, adult male, SVL = 23.7 mm. All the specimens are shown at the same scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Table 1. Measurements (in mm) and proportions of type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. Ranges followed by means and one standard deviation in parentheses. All specimens are adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">Females (n = 1)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">Males (n = 3)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">SVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">TL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">FL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">HL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">HW</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">ED</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">IOD</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">EW</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">IND</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">TLSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">FLSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">HLSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">HWSVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">HWHL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">ED</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">EWIOD</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rowspan="1">ED</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="147" start="start">Coloration</pageBreakToken>
|
||
in life (based on digital photographs of adult female QCAZ 46257 and of male QCAZ 45964) (Fig. 1; Fig. 3): dorsum dark olive yellow to brown with scattered dark brown flecks, two dark brown (QCAZ 46257) or pale brown (QCAZ 45964) scapular spots, dorsum bearing an hourglass-shaped mark in the mid-dorsum (less defined in QCAZ 45964); head with dark brown interorbital bar; sides of head brown with dark brown canthal stripe and brown labial bars, flanks dark brown with black flecks, groins with creamy yellow blotches; dorsal surface of forelimbs dirty light brown with dark brown marks and dark brown flecks on fingers; dorsal surfaces of thighs brown with faint (QCAZ 45964) or conspicuous (QCAZ 46257) brown diagonal bars; shanks light brown with dark brown diagonal stripes, tarsus and feet dirty brown with dark brown bars (QCAZ 46257) or dark brown blotches (QCAZ 45964). Throat brownish cream, chest and belly cream with scattered dark brown flecks; ventral surfaces of thighs, shanks, and tarsus brownish cream; palmar and plantar surfaces
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="148" start="start">brown</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Iris reddish copper. Sexual dimorphism in morphology could not be evaluated due to the limited sample size (n = 4; one female and three males).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="148" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="148">Distribution, natural history, and conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from two localities (elevation range is 2095-2280 m) from Provincia del Tungurahua and Provincia del Pastaza, Parque Nacional Llanganates. Airline distance between localities is 32 km. Ecosystem type is Evergreen Montane Forest of the Eastern Andean Cordillera (as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="158" title="Sistema de Clasificacion de los Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental" year="2013">Ministerio de Ambiente del Ecuador 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or Eastern Montane Forest (as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ron, SR" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia" pageId="19" pageNumber="158" title="AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2016.0" url="http://zoologia.puce.edu.ec/Vertebrados/anfibios/AnfibiosEcuador" year="2016">Ron et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="148">
|
||
The holotype and the paratopotypes were collected at night, on vegetation on recently logged forest. The paratype was collected at night, on a branch (1 cm diameter) 2 m above the ground. A deforestation map by Ministerio de Ambiente (2013) shows continuous forest at the known localities. Because we lack population data and most of the Llanganates region lacks amphibian inventories, we assign
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the Data Deficient Red List category (based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hedges, SB" journalOrPublisher="UICN Species Survival Commission, Gland" pageId="18" pageNumber="157" title="Red List Categories: version 3.1" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
guidelines).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="148" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="148">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="148">
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="yanezi" pageId="9" pageNumber="148" rank="species" species="yanezi">yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a noun in the genitive case and is a patronym for Mario
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yánez">Yanez</normalizedToken>
|
||
who provided useful insights for the description of the new species. Moreover, during his career, Mario
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yánez">Yanez</normalizedToken>
|
||
has contributed significantly to the study of Ecuadorian amphibians, especially those of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pristimantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He is director of Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales (MECN).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="148" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="148">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="148">
|
||
Most species groups within
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pristimantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been defined exclusively on morphological grounds (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication Natural History Museum University of Kansas" pageId="19" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 236" title="Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador: systematics, ecology, and biogeography." volume="23" year="1997">Lynch and Duellman 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). With few exceptions, those groups resulted artificial (i.e., non-monophyletic) once phylogenies based on genetic characters were used to evaluate them (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pinto-Sanchez, NR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="19" pageNumber="158" pagination="954 - 972" title="The Great American Biotic Interchange in frogs: multiple and early colonization of Central America by the South American genus Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.022" volume="62" year="2012">Pinto-Sanchez et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because morphological characters in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pristimantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unreliable to assess phylogenetic affinities, we refrain from assigning
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis yanezi" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanezi">Pristimantis yanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
to a species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |