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<document id="667608289A4678DCB8FE0EF7438FDBD5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5486.2.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209941" ID-ZooBank="2CBD1AF5-1B48-4DD1-B3C7-E3BEAB4E7559" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1722788122832" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Terrana, L., Rouzé, H., Opresko, D. M., Consortium, Under The Pole, Eeckhaut, I., Dubois, P., Hédouin, L. &amp; Godefroid, M." docDate="2024" docId="03B40C78FFFEFFA2FF30F9D5FD21B71E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5486.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5486 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.2.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stichopathes contorta Thomson &amp; Simpson 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="198" masterDocId="FF8D7400FFF2FFB2FFA7FF82FFB9B24B" masterDocTitle="Whip black corals (Antipatharia: Antipathidae: Stichopathes) of the Mesophotic Coral Ecosystem of Mo’orea (French Polynesia), with the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="212" masterPageNumber="182" pageNumber="194" updateTime="1726082839968" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B2B093E42D9D70D37461E946746A8176">Whip black corals (Antipatharia: Antipathidae: Stichopathes) of the Mesophotic Coral Ecosystem of Mo’orea (French Polynesia), with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E5F36A6F7AF0B3CAED950BC543396101">Terrana, L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="839B29EE0E5C657A389E89888388D6F4">Natural History Museum and Vivarium of Tournai, Cour d’Honneur de l’Hôtel de ville 52, 7500 Tournai, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="460A1536CD67213CF6290B57D112DE3B">Rouzé, H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B574715038BF60711E6EDC83C5B0F73D">University of Guam, Marine Laboratory, Mangilao 96923, Guam</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9DEBAF4A2ECCF4CDB39E4C88C274669B">Opresko, D. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5E50D7545450C14AA266D393F42ACD34">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10 th and Constitution Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="077ED6F0D4944286FDBEBFC60BD09EE7">Consortium, Under The Pole</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CD62E2BCE85F97134E263AEBC42121DD">Under The Pole, 1 rue des Senneurs, 29900 Concarneau, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C4C5DA3A83A3A3DB1B3B2654EDD654B4">Eeckhaut, I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E3BC5CFF4374247A838C5A1D1535B3BF">Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, University of Mons, Av. Champ de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2202F1558850493104EE1E792472B85D">Dubois, P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B6C2C9DB7C97E9C04287BF8E36C77267">Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160 / 15, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0ACA4AD1C6C52104598770D28B846194">Hédouin, L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A68443F8243977533D60C6AE2C590F31">Under The Pole, 1 rue des Senneurs, 29900 Concarneau, France &amp; PSL Research University, EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Mo’orea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d’Excellence « CORAIL », Mo’orea, French Polynesia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="215441A4268900B64A7C7F909EB4888D">Godefroid, M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A4829A7BB6C6B37C05A2420FD9B7AFB1">Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160 / 15, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D96D79BE383BC241615631B55A161941">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="53A98DE14E69B1A0C230E4004D39B6A4">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A53840E50BADDED9A3E84A43F6D91B8D">2024-07-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FB8E370223EA07FB632E66AD032A9987">5486</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B10A6B9201BF79AC3AAFFF9184D124AD">182</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="04A7F9F90CE068A554227A3F85C1A32F">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.2.2</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="588201514A3A4767CC37F9AF2F521772" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5486.2.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="41AE5419B01962A246D294BF7FF7F962" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9944816D21166BA7FACFE30E8F9C3871" type="Zenodo-Dep">13209941</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F27E33DCA896446501C8DB159A0ECADB" type="ZooBank">2CBD1AF5-1B48-4DD1-B3C7-E3BEAB4E7559</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B40C78FFFEFFA2FF30F9D5FD21B71E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B40C78FFFEFFA2FF30F9D5FD21B71E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B40C78FFFEFFA2FF30F9D5FD21B71E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">
<subSubSection id="C307EEE5FFFEFFBEFF30F9D5FCA5B43A" box="[151,796,1623,1650]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFEFFBEFF30F9D5FCA5B43A" blockId="12.[151,886,1623,1721]" box="[151,796,1623,1650]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">
<heading id="D0EA0A02FFFEFFBEFF30F9D5FCA5B43A" bold="true" box="[151,796,1623,1650]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFEFFBEFF30F9D5FCA5B43A" ID-CoL="52J3V" authority="Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1905" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,796,1623,1650]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFEFFBEFF30F9D5FCA5B43A" bold="true" box="[151,796,1623,1650]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFEFFBEFF30F9D5FE8BB439" bold="true" box="[151,306,1623,1650]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">Stichopathes</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFEFFBEFEF8F9D5FE7DB43A" bold="true" box="[351,452,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">contorta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFFEFFBEFE6CF9D5FCA5B43A" author="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J." box="[459,796,1623,1649]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" pagination="93 - 106" refId="ref20028" refString="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J. (1905) Report of the Antipatharia collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon, 1902. Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, 4, 93 - 106." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C307EEE5FFFEFFBEFF30F9F9FCCFB4DE" box="[151,886,1659,1686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFEFFBEFF30F9F9FCCFB4DE" blockId="12.[151,886,1623,1721]" box="[151,886,1659,1686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D9A40FFFEFFBEFF30F9F9FCCFB4DE" box="[151,886,1659,1686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC9B7FFFFEFFBEFF30F9F9FCA6B4DE" author="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J." box="[151,799,1659,1686]" page="100" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" year="1905">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFEFFBEFF30F9F9FCA6B4DE" ID-CoL="52J3V" authority="Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1905, p. 100" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,799,1659,1686]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFEFFBEFF30F9F9FE35B4DE" box="[151,396,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">Stichopathes contorta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFFEFFBEFE34F9F9FD75B4DD" author="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J." box="[403,716,1659,1686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" pagination="93 - 106" refId="ref20028" refString="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J. (1905) Report of the Antipatharia collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon, 1902. Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, 4, 93 - 106." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
, p. 100
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, plate 3
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C307EEE5FFFEFFBEFF30F91DFEABB4F2" box="[151,274,1695,1721]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFEFFBEFF30F91DFEABB4F2" blockId="12.[151,886,1623,1721]" box="[151,274,1695,1721]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">
(
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFEFFBEFF38F91DFEB3B4F2" box="[159,266,1695,1721]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,719,743]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,695]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId-0="figure-33@13.[151,1436,181,695]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@14.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId-2="figure-33@15.[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Stichopathes cf. contorta. General views of entire colonies, which always have a well-defined contorted pattern. (a–b) In situ and laboratory illustrations of specimen NHMT-R2E1005. (c) Specimen NHMT-R2E1004. (d) Specimen NHMT- R2E1006." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of Stichopathes cf. contorta, with the polypar sides oriented on the right on the middle sections. (a–c) NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3 sections 1 mm, 0.74 mm and 0.52 mm in diameter respectively. (d–f) NHMT-R2E1004.S1–S3 sections 0.83 mm, 0.81 mm and 0.37 mm in diameter respectively." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Stichopathes cf. contorta NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3. (a, d, g) Basal spines that cannot be characterized as polypar/ abpolypar due to the lack of polyps in this zone. (b, e) Polypar spines of the middle section. (c) Spine of the apical section. (f, i) Abpolypar spines of the apical section. (h) Spine of the middle section." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209955" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209957" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209959" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13209955/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13209957/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13209959/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">Figs. 7–9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307EEE5FFFEFFBEFF30F962FE63B555" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFEFFBEFF30F962FE63B555" blockId="12.[151,1437,1760,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">
<materialsCitation id="3B75B733FFFEFFBEFF30F962FE6FB555" collectionCode="NHMT" country="Sri Lanka" county="West Coast" elevation="100" location="From" municipality="Galle" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" specimenCode="NHMT-R2E1005, NHMT- R2E1004, NHMT-R2E1006" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFEFFBEFF30F962FE38B4B1" bold="true" box="[151,385,1760,1786]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">Material examined.</emphasis>
Entire colonies collected between 70 and
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<elevation id="00305A5DFFFEFFBEFCF1F962FC24B4B0" box="[854,925,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
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depth.
<specimenCount id="9D1B76E7FFFEFFBEFC57F962FBD0B4B1" box="[1008,1129,1760,1786]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" type="generic">Specimens</specimenCount>
<specimenCode id="DBBB1515FFFEFFBEFBD6F963FA8EB4B0" box="[1137,1335,1760,1787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">NHMT-R2E1005</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCode id="DBBB1515FFFEFFBEFAE4F963FEBDB554" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">NHMT-R2E1004</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCode id="DBBB1515FFFEFFBEFEB7F887FE6FB555" box="[272,470,1796,1823]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">NHMT-R2E1006</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307EEE5FFFEFFBEFF60F8ABFA8FB508" box="[199,1334,1832,1859]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFEFFBEFF60F8ABFA8FB508" blockId="12.[151,1437,1760,2039]" box="[199,1334,1832,1859]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFEFFBEFF60F8ABFEDFB509" bold="true" box="[199,358,1832,1859]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">
<typeStatus id="54A603CCFFFEFFBEFF60F8ABFEBBB508" box="[199,258,1833,1859]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
“
<location id="8EC2EBB5FFFEFFBEFED1F8ABFE0CB508" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B40C78FFFEFFA2FF30F9D5FD21B71E:8EC2EBB5FFFEFFBEFED1F8ABFE0CB508" box="[374,437,1833,1859]" country="Sri Lanka" county="West Coast" municipality="Galle" name="From" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">From</location>
off
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC62714FFFEFFBEFE43F8AAFD98B509" box="[484,545,1832,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">Galle</collectingMunicipality>
and onwards up
<collectingCounty id="62C3C5E2FFFEFFBEFD78F8ABFCE4B508" box="[735,861,1833,1859]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">West Coast</collectingCounty>
of
<collectingCountry id="F30AFDFEFFFEFFBEFC25F8AAFC6CB509" box="[898,981,1832,1858]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFFEFFBEFC49F8AAFA93B508" author="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J." box="[1006,1322,1832,1859]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" pagination="93 - 106" refId="ref20028" refString="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J. (1905) Report of the Antipatharia collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon, 1902. Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, 4, 93 - 106." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307EEE5FFFEFFBFFF60F8CEFDC6B554" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFEFFBEFF60F8CEFDDDB52D" blockId="12.[151,1437,1760,2039]" box="[199,612,1868,1894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFEFFBEFF60F8CEFDDDB52D" bold="true" box="[199,612,1868,1894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">Description of Mo’orea specimens.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFEFFBEFF60F8F2FC6DB5BC" blockId="12.[151,1437,1760,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">
Specimen NHMT-R2E1005 has a thin skeleton,
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFEFFBEFD52F8F3FC80B5C0" box="[757,825,1905,1931]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in basal diameter,
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFEFFBEFBB1F8F2FBC4B5C0" box="[1046,1149,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="0.52">0.52 mm</quantity>
at the apex. Corallum is contorted in a well-defined pattern, not forming any defined loop nor coil (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFEFFBEFC7DF816FBA6B5E4" box="[986,1055,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,719,743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,695]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,181,695]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Stichopathes cf. contorta. General views of entire colonies, which always have a well-defined contorted pattern. (a–b) In situ and laboratory illustrations of specimen NHMT-R2E1005. (c) Specimen NHMT-R2E1004. (d) Specimen NHMT- R2E1006." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209955/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
, a–b). It is
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFEFFBEFB3CF817FB59B5E4" box="[1179,1248,1941,1967]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" unit="cm" value="84.0">84 cm</quantity>
in length,
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFEFFBEFAF0F817FA25B5E4" box="[1367,1436,1941,1967]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" unit="cm" value="34.0">34 cm</quantity>
in height (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFEFFBEFEA0F83AFEF2B598" box="[263,331,1976,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,719,743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,695]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,181,695]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Stichopathes cf. contorta. General views of entire colonies, which always have a well-defined contorted pattern. (a–b) In situ and laboratory illustrations of specimen NHMT-R2E1005. (c) Specimen NHMT-R2E1004. (d) Specimen NHMT- R2E1006." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209955/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="194">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
, a–b). The polyps in a single row, 7–9 per centimeter, they twist around the corallum. They measure
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFEFFBEFF30F85FFE83B5BC" box="[151,314,2013,2039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.045" metricValueMax="1.18" metricValueMin="0.91" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="1.045" valueMax="1.18" valueMin="0.91">0.91–1.18 mm</quantity>
in transverse diameter and are spaced
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFEFFBEFD4CF85FFC37B5BC" box="[747,910,2013,2039]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="0.585" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.37">0.37–0.80 mm</quantity>
apart.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62EDE6FFFFFFBFFF30FD4DFF47B164" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209955" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209955/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" startId="13.[151,250,719,743]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,695]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFFFFBFFF30FD4DFF47B164" blockId="13.[151,1437,719,815]" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFFFFBFFF30FD4DFEADB0AC" bold="true" box="[151,276,719,743]" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFFFFBFFEBBFD4DFDA5B0AC" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[284,540,719,743]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFFFFBFFEBBFD4DFE24B0AC" box="[284,413,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Stichopathes</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFFFFBFFE61FD52FDA5B0AC" box="[454,540,720,743]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. General views of entire colonies, which always have a well-defined contorted pattern. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFFFFBFFF07FD71FF71B140" bold="true" box="[160,200,755,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">a–b</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFFFFBFFF71FD76FEAFB140" box="[214,278,756,779]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">In situ</emphasis>
and laboratory illustrations of specimen NHMT-R2E1005. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFFFFBFFCDCFD71FC3FB140" bold="true" box="[891,902,755,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">c</emphasis>
) Specimen NHMT-R2E1004. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFFFFBFFB63FD71FB6BB140" bold="true" box="[1220,1234,755,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">d</emphasis>
) Specimen NHMT-R2E1006.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFFFFBFFF60FC03FB56B638" blockId="13.[151,1437,897,1823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">
The spines along the corallum vary from triangular to conical, either with an acute or a bifid/notched tip, more often blunt on middle parts. There are 7–8 longitudinal rows seen from one aspect. In basal and apical parts the arrangement tends to be irregular (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFFFFBFFD8DFC4BFDC2B1A8" box="[554,635,969,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@14.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of Stichopathes cf. contorta, with the polypar sides oriented on the right on the middle sections. (a–c) NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3 sections 1 mm, 0.74 mm and 0.52 mm in diameter respectively. (d–f) NHMT-R2E1004.S1–S3 sections 0.83 mm, 0.81 mm and 0.37 mm in diameter respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209957/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFFFFBFFD2BFC4BFD25B1A8" box="[652,668,969,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-33@15.[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Stichopathes cf. contorta NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3. (a, d, g) Basal spines that cannot be characterized as polypar/ abpolypar due to the lack of polyps in this zone. (b, e) Polypar spines of the middle section. (c) Spine of the apical section. (f, i) Abpolypar spines of the apical section. (h) Spine of the middle section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209959/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">9</figureCitation>
). Density of spines is 2/mm (apical), 3/mm (middle) and 3–6/mm (basal). There are no secondary spines on any section (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFFFFBFFCB6FC6FFCE1B64C" box="[785,856,1005,1031]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@14.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of Stichopathes cf. contorta, with the polypar sides oriented on the right on the middle sections. (a–c) NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3 sections 1 mm, 0.74 mm and 0.52 mm in diameter respectively. (d–f) NHMT-R2E1004.S1–S3 sections 0.83 mm, 0.81 mm and 0.37 mm in diameter respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209957/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). On basal sections, spines are small, triangular to conicalThey have an acute or bifid tip, with rounded papillae and/or papillae elongated towards the tip of the spine, generally on the upper half of their surface. They measure
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFC9EFBB7FC64B61B" box="[825,989,1077,1104]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.105" valueMax="0.14" valueMin="0.07">0.07–0.14 mm</quantity>
and are spaced
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFB31FBB7FA82B61B" box="[1174,1339,1077,1104]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.455" valueMax="0.64" valueMin="0.27">0.27–0.64 mm</quantity>
apart. A polypar side cannot be clearly defined, as the coenenchyma on the basal section often lacks polyps.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFFFFBFFF60FBFCFE04B7FC" blockId="13.[151,1437,897,1823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">
In the middle section, Polypar spines measure
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFD4CFBFFFC28B6D3" box="[747,913,1149,1176]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.11" valueMax="0.14" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.14 mm</quantity>
and are spaced
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFBF4FBFFFB43B6D3" box="[1107,1274,1149,1176]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.555" valueMax="0.66" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.66 mm</quantity>
apart (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFFFFBFFAE8FBFFFA2EB6DC" box="[1359,1431,1149,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-33@15.[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Stichopathes cf. contorta NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3. (a, d, g) Basal spines that cannot be characterized as polypar/ abpolypar due to the lack of polyps in this zone. (b, e) Polypar spines of the middle section. (c) Spine of the apical section. (f, i) Abpolypar spines of the apical section. (h) Spine of the middle section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209959/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, b, e). They are conical, and mostly simple, sometimes bifid (or notched), with rounded papillae on the whole surfacesometimes elongated to the point that they almost form ridges (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFFFFBFFC1BFB47FBB8B694" box="[956,1025,1221,1247]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-33@15.[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Stichopathes cf. contorta NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3. (a, d, g) Basal spines that cannot be characterized as polypar/ abpolypar due to the lack of polyps in this zone. (b, e) Polypar spines of the middle section. (c) Spine of the apical section. (f, i) Abpolypar spines of the apical section. (h) Spine of the middle section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209959/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, b, e). Abpolypar spines are smaller and more triangular, almost always with a simple tip, with the same ornamentation as the polypar spines (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFFFFBFFA89FB6BFACBB748" box="[1326,1394,1257,1283]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-33@15.[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Stichopathes cf. contorta NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3. (a, d, g) Basal spines that cannot be characterized as polypar/ abpolypar due to the lack of polyps in this zone. (b, e) Polypar spines of the middle section. (c) Spine of the apical section. (f, i) Abpolypar spines of the apical section. (h) Spine of the middle section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209959/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, h). They measure
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFE9BFA8FFE66B763" box="[316,479,1293,1320]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.075" valueMax="0.09" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.09 mm</quantity>
and are spaced
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFD35FA8FFC8CB763" box="[658,821,1293,1320]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="3.5999999999999996" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.485" valueMax="0.61" valueMin="0.36">0.36–0.61 mm</quantity>
apart (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFFFFBFFC25FA8FFC7EB76C" box="[898,967,1293,1319]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-33@15.[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Stichopathes cf. contorta NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3. (a, d, g) Basal spines that cannot be characterized as polypar/ abpolypar due to the lack of polyps in this zone. (b, e) Polypar spines of the middle section. (c) Spine of the apical section. (f, i) Abpolypar spines of the apical section. (h) Spine of the middle section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209959/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, h). On the growing portions of the apical parts, the spines tend to be laterally compressed (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFFFFBFFD1AFAB3FCB0B700" box="[701,777,1329,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,723,747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,699]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1436,203,699]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Examples of the differences seen in polyp shape and appearance of the same fragment from the same colony. (a) Entire colony NHMT R2E1018. (b) In situ picture. (c) Freshly sampled fragment. (d) Fragment stored in 70% ethanol for a few months." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209961/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Fig.10</figureCitation>
, c, f, i). The polypar apical spines are conical either simple or bifid, with narrow elongated papillae on two thirds or the entire surface of the spine (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFFFFBFFBCEFAD7FB15B724" box="[1129,1196,1365,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-20@14.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of Stichopathes cf. contorta, with the polypar sides oriented on the right on the middle sections. (a–c) NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3 sections 1 mm, 0.74 mm and 0.52 mm in diameter respectively. (d–f) NHMT-R2E1004.S1–S3 sections 0.83 mm, 0.81 mm and 0.37 mm in diameter respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209957/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
, c). They measure up to
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFF13FAFBFEA3B7DF" box="[180,282,1401,1428]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
, while abpolypar spines measure up to
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFD74FAFBFC83B7DF" box="[723,826,1401,1428]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
. The latter are triangular and tend to have less papillae on their surface (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFFFFBFFEF2FA1FFE20B7FC" box="[341,409,1437,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-33@15.[151,1436,181,1608]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Stichopathes cf. contorta NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3. (a, d, g) Basal spines that cannot be characterized as polypar/ abpolypar due to the lack of polyps in this zone. (b, e) Polypar spines of the middle section. (c) Spine of the apical section. (f, i) Abpolypar spines of the apical section. (h) Spine of the middle section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209959/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, i).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFFFFBFFF60FA43FD14B797" blockId="13.[151,1437,897,1823]" box="[199,685,1473,1500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">
Other specimens referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFFFFBFFDA1FA40FD1CB790" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[518,677,1473,1500]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFFFFBFFDA1FA40FDA2B797" box="[518,539,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">S.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFFFFBFFDE1FA40FD1CB790" box="[582,677,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFFFFBFFF60FA67FDE8B40C" blockId="13.[151,1437,897,1823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">
Specimen NHMT-R2E1004 thin, regularly contorted (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFFFFBFFC83FA67FCD1B7B4" box="[804,872,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,719,743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,695]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,181,695]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Stichopathes cf. contorta. General views of entire colonies, which always have a well-defined contorted pattern. (a–b) In situ and laboratory illustrations of specimen NHMT-R2E1005. (c) Specimen NHMT-R2E1004. (d) Specimen NHMT- R2E1006." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209955/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Basal, middle and apical diameters are
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFA95FA67FA21B44B" box="[1330,1432,1509,1536]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.93">0.93 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFF30F98BFF44B46F" box="[151,253,1545,1572]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.79">0.79 mm</quantity>
, and
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFE9FF98BFE27B46F" box="[312,414,1545,1572]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.26">0.26 mm</quantity>
, respectively. Colony length
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFD44F98BFC92B46F" box="[739,811,1545,1572]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="44.0">44 cm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFC24F98BFC07B46F" box="[899,958,1545,1572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
. Polyps
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFBBCF98BFB07B46F" box="[1051,1214,1545,1572]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.35" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="9.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.935" valueMax="0.96" valueMin="0.91">0.91–0.96 mm</quantity>
in diameter, spaced
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFF30F9AFFEA7B403" box="[151,286,1581,1608]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
apart, with 6–8 polyps/cm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFFFFBFFF60F9D3FD1CB4F8" blockId="13.[151,1437,897,1823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">
Specimen NHMT-R2E1006 thin, regularly contorted (
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFFFFBFFC83F9D3FCD1B420" box="[804,872,1617,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,719,743]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,695]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,181,695]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Stichopathes cf. contorta. General views of entire colonies, which always have a well-defined contorted pattern. (a–b) In situ and laboratory illustrations of specimen NHMT-R2E1005. (c) Specimen NHMT-R2E1004. (d) Specimen NHMT- R2E1006." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209955/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Basal, middle and apical diameters are
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFA95F9D3FA21B427" box="[1330,1432,1617,1644]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.76">0.76 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFF30F9F7FF46B4DB" box="[151,255,1653,1680]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.68">0.68 mm</quantity>
, and
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFE9BF9F7FE1DB4DB" box="[316,420,1653,1680]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27 mm</quantity>
, respectively. Colony length
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFD48F9F7FC81B4DB" box="[751,824,1653,1680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFC34F9F7FC67B4DB" box="[915,990,1653,1680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
. Polyps measure
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFB03F9F7FAF1B4DB" box="[1188,1352,1653,1680]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.045" metricValueMax="1.18" metricValueMin="0.91" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="1.045" valueMax="1.18" valueMin="0.91">0.91–1.18 mm</quantity>
spaced
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFFFFBFFF30F91BFE83B4FF" box="[151,314,1689,1716]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="0.425" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.25">0.25–0.60 mm</quantity>
apart. There are 6–8 polyps/cm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFFFFBFFF60F93FFDC6B554" blockId="13.[151,1437,897,1823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="195">Both specimens have the same spine shape and ornamentation than NHMT-R2E1005 and sizes falls within the same range as previously described. They have 3–4 spines/mm in the apical section, 2–3 spines/mm in the middle section, and 2–4 spines in the basal section.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF62EDE6FFFCFFBCFF30FA53FBCDB47A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209957/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="196" startId="14.[151,250,1489,1513]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1465]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFCFFBCFF30FA53FBCDB47A" blockId="14.[151,1437,1489,1585]" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFCFFBCFF30FA53FEAAB7A2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1489,1513]" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Basal, middle, and apical sections of the skeletons of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFCFFBCFC9EFA53FB8EB7A2" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[825,1079,1489,1513]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="196" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFCFFBCFC9EFA53FC03B7A2" box="[825,954,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">Stichopathes</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFCFFBCFC46FA50FB8EB7A2" box="[993,1079,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the polypar sides oriented on the right on the middle sections. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFCFFBCFE4DFA77FDB7B446" bold="true" box="[490,526,1525,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">a–c</emphasis>
) NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3 sections 1 mm, 0.74 mm and 0.52 mm in diameter respectively. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFCFFBCFF07F99BFF7AB47A" bold="true" box="[160,195,1561,1585]" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">d–f</emphasis>
) NHMT-R2E1004.S1–S3 sections 0.83 mm, 0.81 mm and 0.37 mm in diameter respectively.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C307EEE5FFFCFFA2FF60F901FD21B71E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="14" pageNumber="196" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFCFFA2FF60F901FB9FB076" blockId="14.[151,1437,1667,2018]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,150,1365]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFCFFBCFF60F901FE6BB4D6" bold="true" box="[199,466,1667,1693]" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">Taxonomic discussion.</emphasis>
Based on ITS1 molecular data, this species groups within Clade B as described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFFCFFBCFADBF906FE9EB48A" author="Bo, M. &amp; Bavestrello, G. &amp; Barucca, M. &amp; Makapedua, D. M. &amp; Poliseno, A. &amp; Forconi, M. &amp; Olmo, E. &amp; Canapa, A." pageId="14" pageNumber="196" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref17041" refString="Bo, M., Bavestrello, G., Barucca, M., Makapedua, D. M., Poliseno, A., Forconi, M., Olmo, E. &amp; Canapa, A. (2012) Morphological and molecular characterization of the problematic whip black coral genus Stichopathes (Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from Indonesia (North Sulawesi, Celebes Sea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166 (1), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00834. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Bo
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFCFFBCFF30F92AFF68B48A" box="[151,209,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
. Clade B of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFFCFFBCFE10F92AFDD5B48A" author="Bo, M. &amp; Bavestrello, G. &amp; Barucca, M. &amp; Makapedua, D. M. &amp; Poliseno, A. &amp; Forconi, M. &amp; Olmo, E. &amp; Canapa, A." box="[439,620,1703,1730]" pageId="14" pageNumber="196" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref17041" refString="Bo, M., Bavestrello, G., Barucca, M., Makapedua, D. M., Poliseno, A., Forconi, M., Olmo, E. &amp; Canapa, A. (2012) Morphological and molecular characterization of the problematic whip black coral genus Stichopathes (Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from Indonesia (North Sulawesi, Celebes Sea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166 (1), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00834. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Bo
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFCFFBCFE47F92AFDA0B48A" box="[480,537,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
was originally characterized by colonies having thick stems (more than
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFCFFBCFF30F949FF60B4AD" box="[151,217,1739,1766]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in the apical portion), triangular-conical spines with small papillae or tubercles, and in some cases by small secondary spines. Spines on some colonies may have apical tubercles, which at times may be completely lacking. The Indonesian specimens BUK11 and INDO19, which grouped with the Polynesian specimen
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFCFFBCFB6BF896FAD5B566" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[1228,1388,1811,1838]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="196" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFCFFBCFB6BF896FB58B565" box="[1228,1249,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">S.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFCFFBCFAAAF896FAD5B566" box="[1293,1388,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are described as having a thick corallum with convolutions mostly flat and meandritic, the absence of a significant number of secondary spines, and large polypar spines (up to
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFCFFBCFCE9F8D9FC0AB53D" box="[846,947,1883,1910]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42 mm</quantity>
high) with only a few apical tubercles and basal papillae (apical tubercles are seen in
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFFCFFBCFDC0F8FDFD11B5D2" box="[615,680,1919,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1829,1853]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[158,1430,381,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Stichopathes desaturata sp. nov. (a) Holotype NHMT-R2E1001. (b) Stichopathes C38 field observation. (c) Stichopathes C39 field observation. (d) Paratype NHMT-R2E1002. (e) Stichopathes C41 field observation. (f) Stichopathes C42 field observation. (g) Paratype NHMT-R2E1003. (h) Aspect of the polyps of the holotype NHMT-R2E1001 after a few months stored in 70% ethanol. (i–j) Field observations of living polyps with extended tentacles in Stichopathes C61 and Stichopathes C41, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209947/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, k–p in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFFCFFBCFD5AF802FC23B5D2" author="Bo, M. &amp; Bavestrello, G. &amp; Barucca, M. &amp; Makapedua, D. M. &amp; Poliseno, A. &amp; Forconi, M. &amp; Olmo, E. &amp; Canapa, A." box="[765,922,1919,1946]" pageId="14" pageNumber="196" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref17041" refString="Bo, M., Bavestrello, G., Barucca, M., Makapedua, D. M., Poliseno, A., Forconi, M., Olmo, E. &amp; Canapa, A. (2012) Morphological and molecular characterization of the problematic whip black coral genus Stichopathes (Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from Indonesia (North Sulawesi, Celebes Sea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166 (1), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00834. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Bo
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFCFFBCFC85F802FCE0B5D2" box="[802,857,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="196">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). The polyps in Indonesian specimens measure 1.0–
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFCFFBCFF6EF821FEA7B5F5" box="[201,286,1955,1982]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
and 6–7 are found per cm. This difference may be due to the presence of young, small polyps in some parts of the colony, increasing the polyp density. The Polynesian specimens share the spine shape and ornamentation with the Indonesian specimens, and the inclusion of the Mo’orea specimens within Clade B extends its general morphological characteristics. Spines are different from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFDFFBDFCCDF8B4FC44B51B" authorityName="Terrana &amp; Rouzé &amp; Opresko &amp; Consortium &amp; Eeckhaut &amp; Dubois &amp; Hédouin &amp; Godefroid" authorityYear="2024" box="[874,1021,1846,1872]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="15" pageNumber="197" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="desaturata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFDFFBDFCCDF8B4FC44B51B" box="[874,1021,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="197">S. desaturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25ADC07FFFDFFBDFBA4F8B4FBE0B51B" box="[1027,1113,1846,1872]" pageId="15" pageNumber="197" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by sometimes being notched at the tip or by having multiple apical lobes. In the nominal species described to date, only a limited number are characterized by a thin, sinuous/contorted corallum, with conical, papillose spines having simple or multiple tips. One is the species
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFDFFBDFECCF820FE43B5F7" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[363,506,1954,1980]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="15" pageNumber="197" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pourtalesi">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFDFFBDFECCF820FE43B5F7" box="[363,506,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="197">S. pourtalesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, recently redescribed, which has spines different in their ornamentation and shape from the present specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFFDFFBDFE7AF844FD70B5AA" author="Bo, M. &amp; Opresko, D. M." box="[477,713,1990,2017]" pageId="15" pageNumber="197" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref17144" refString="Bo, M. &amp; Opresko, D. M. (2015) Redescription of Stichopathes pourtalesi Brook, 1889 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Antipathidae). Breviora, 540 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 16.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Bo &amp; Opresko 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The species
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFDFFBDFCCFF844FAF8B5AB" authority="van Pesch, 1914" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[872,1345,1990,2016]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="15" pageNumber="197" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="semiglabra">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFDFFBDFCCFF844FBC4B5AB" box="[872,1149,1990,2016]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="197">Stichopathes semiglabra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFFDFFBDFB22F844FAF8B5AB" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[1157,1345,1990,2016]" pageId="15" pageNumber="197" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref20081" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFFDFFA2FAF2F844FF14B2FA" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="198" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.45" metricValueMax="9.4" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="74.5" valueMax="94.0" valueMin="55.0">55–94 m</quantity>
in
<collectingCountry id="F30AFDFEFFE2FFA2FF74FF15FEFDB2FA" box="[211,324,151,177]" name="Indonesia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
), is reported as having a very thin skeleton, only
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFE2FFA2FCD5FF15FC70B2FA" box="[882,969,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
at the base, then up to
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFE2FFA2FB76FF14FA8FB2FA" box="[1233,1334,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="0.54">0.54 mm</quantity>
upwards and forming three coils. The shape of the corallum is not comparable to the present specimens. The sizes and mutual distance of spines reported for the present specimens fall in the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FB9AFF5DFB63B2B2" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[1085,1242,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="semiglabra">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FB9AFF5DFB63B2B2" box="[1085,1242,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">S. semiglabra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in the latter they are described as blunt, conical, slightly inclined, smooth or papillose: here, they are never found smooth. The interpolypar distance reported by van Pesch is
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFE2FFA2FD3BFEA5FC9CB30A" box="[668,805,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.8 mm</quantity>
, but he measured it from the base of the sagittal tentacles of one polyp to the base of the sagittal tentacles of the adjacent polyp, which is not truly an interpolypar distance (generally measured from the distal edge of the distal lateral tentacle of one polyp to the proximal edge of the proximal lateral tentacle of the adjacent polyp). Based on his Figure 193 (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFE2FFA2FC6CFE11FB3EB3E6" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[971,1159,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref20081" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
), the transverse diameter is about
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFE2FFA2FF53FE35FEE0B39A" box="[244,345,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.07" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="1.07">1.07 mm</quantity>
, and the interpolypar space is about
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFE2FFA2FD4DFE35FCF8B39A" box="[746,833,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
, but this is for preserved material where the polyps are likely to be very contracted, thus making the interpolypar space larger. An example of polyp shape and size variation is given in
<figureCitation id="1326A1EBFFE2FFA2FEB3FE7DFEDCB052" box="[276,357,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,723,747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,203,699]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1436,203,699]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Examples of the differences seen in polyp shape and appearance of the same fragment from the same colony. (a) Entire colony NHMT R2E1018. (b) In situ picture. (c) Freshly sampled fragment. (d) Fragment stored in 70% ethanol for a few months." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209961/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
, where the same polyps are shown
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FD54FE7DFC81B053" box="[755,824,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">in situ</emphasis>
, freshly sampled, and after a few months of storage in 70% ethanol, drawing attention to the effects of storage on polyp morphometrics.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62EDE6FFFDFFBDFF30F9DDFCD0B4F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209959/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="197" startId="15.[151,250,1631,1655]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1608]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFFDFFBDFF30F9DDFCD0B4F4" blockId="15.[151,1437,1631,1728]" pageId="15" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFDFFBDFF30F9DDFEADB43C" bold="true" box="[151,276,1631,1655]" pageId="15" pageNumber="197">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFFDFFBDFEBCF9DDFDA3B43C" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[283,538,1631,1655]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="15" pageNumber="197" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFDFFBDFEBCF9DDFE25B43C" box="[283,412,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="197">Stichopathes</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFDFFBDFE63F9E2FDA3B43C" box="[452,538,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="197">contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
NHMT-R2E1005.S1–S3. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFDFFBDFC97F9E2FCCBB433" bold="true" box="[816,882,1632,1656]" pageId="15" pageNumber="197">a, d, g</emphasis>
) Basal spines that cannot be characterized as polypar/ abpolypar due to the lack of polyps in this zone. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFDFFBDFD2EF906FD17B4D7" bold="true" box="[649,686,1668,1692]" pageId="15" pageNumber="197">b, e</emphasis>
) Polypar spines of the middle section. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFDFFBDFBE7F906FBF2B4D7" bold="true" box="[1088,1099,1668,1692]" pageId="15" pageNumber="197">c</emphasis>
) Spine of the apical section. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFDFFBDFADFF901FA2DB4D0" bold="true" box="[1400,1428,1667,1691]" pageId="15" pageNumber="197">f, i</emphasis>
) Abpolypar spines of the apical section. (
<emphasis id="B969617CFFFDFFBDFD97F92AFD87B48B" bold="true" box="[560,574,1704,1728]" pageId="15" pageNumber="197">h</emphasis>
) Spine of the middle section.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFE2FFA2FF60FDC5FD0BB1CA" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">
The species
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FEE8FDC5FD5EB02B" box="[335,743,583,609]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="variabilis" variety="asperina">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FEE8FDC5FDE9B02A" box="[335,592,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">Stichopathes variabilis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FD22FDC5FD5EB02B" box="[645,743,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">asperina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has specimens morphologically similar to Mo’orea specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FF10FDE9FEEEB0CF" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[183,343,619,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FF10FDE9FF75B0CE" box="[183,204,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">S.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FF5FFDE9FEEEB0CF" box="[248,343,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<tableCitation id="C69F88D5FFE2FFA2FE33FDE9FE51B0CE" box="[404,488,619,645]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,239,600,625]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological characteristics of the groups described within Stichopathes variabilis var. asperispina by van Pesch, 1914." pageId="16" pageNumber="198">Table 2</tableCitation>
for morphological details). The presence of “abnormal
<typeStatus id="54A603CCFFE2FFA2FBC7FDE9FB22B0CE" box="[1120,1179,619,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">types</typeStatus>
of spines” referring to double spines growing behind each other in the same longitudinal row is reported, as well as young spines on the top of the colonies which “are furnished with two or three tops [...] usually smooth” (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFE2FFA2FB8CFD31FB59B086" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[1067,1248,691,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref20081" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch 1914</bibRefCitation>
, Figs. 126–128). The drawings of van Pesch do not represent notched spines as seen here in
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FC4DFD55FB33B0BB" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[1002,1162,727,753]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FC4DFD55FC46B0BA" box="[1002,1023,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">S.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FB8CFD55FB33B0BB" box="[1067,1162,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor are they reported as frequently occurring in middle sections of the corallum, as it is the case here in the Mo’orea specimens. Pending an extensive revision of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FE2BFC9DFDACB172" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[396,533,799,825]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FE2BFC9DFDACB172" box="[396,533,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">S. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a confident comparison cannot be made. The only molecular data available to date for specimens presumably identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FD2EFCC1FCA9B116" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" box="[649,784,835,861]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FD2EFCC1FCA9B116" box="[649,784,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">S. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Miller
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FC20FCC1FC06B116" box="[903,959,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">et al.</emphasis>
(2010) do not confirm a close relationship to the specimens here referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FDABFCE5FD12B1CB" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[524,683,871,897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FDABFCE5FD98B1CA" box="[524,545,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">S.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FDEBFCE5FD12B1CB" box="[588,683,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2BD6EFFE2FFA2FF60FC09FD21B71E" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">
Lastly,
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FEBCFC09FD65B1EE" authority="Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1905" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[283,732,906,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FEBCFC09FE2EB1EF" box="[283,407,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">S. contorta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFE2FFA2FE38FC09FD65B1EE" author="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J." box="[415,732,906,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" pagination="93 - 106" refId="ref20028" refString="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J. (1905) Report of the Antipatharia collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon, 1902. Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, 4, 93 - 106." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is the species that is the closest to the Mo’orea specimens. It has been described from
<collectingCountry id="F30AFDFEFFE2FFA2FE1EFC2DFDB3B182" box="[441,522,943,969]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
as having a “very sinuous” corallum not exceeding
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFE2FFA2FBCEFC2DFB15B182" box="[1129,1196,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter (as seen in the Mo’orea specimens), with the spines reported to be “slightly but distinctly papillose […] nearest
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FA94FC51FEB4B65A" authority="(BROOK)" baseAuthorityName="BROOK" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lutkeni">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FA94FC51FA25B1A6" box="[1331,1436,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">S. lutkeni</emphasis>
(BROOK)
</taxonomicName>
”. Spines of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FE32FC75FDB3B65A" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[405,522,1015,1041]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="luetkeni">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FE32FC75FDB3B65A" box="[405,522,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">S. luetkeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shown in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFE2FFA2FDDAFC75FC14B65A" author="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Sanchez, J. A." box="[637,941,1014,1041]" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" pagination="492 - 507" refId="ref19213" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Sanchez, J. A. (2005) Caribbean shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3), 492 - 507." type="journal article" year="2005">Opresko &amp; Sanchez (2005)</bibRefCitation>
are stout, blunt and papillose, and longer on polypar sides, which are different from those of the present specimen.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CC09FFFE2FFA2FC01FB99FB5CB67E" author="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J." box="[934,1253,1050,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" pagination="93 - 106" refId="ref20028" refString="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J. (1905) Report of the Antipatharia collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon, 1902. Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, 4, 93 - 106." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomson &amp; Simpson (1905)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention the presence of notched/multi-lobed spines nor their size. However, a reexamination of the
<typeStatus id="54A603CCFFE2FFA2FB66FBBDFB48B612" box="[1217,1265,1087,1113]" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FAB9FBBDFA25B613" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[1310,1436,1087,1113]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FAB9FBBDFA25B613" box="[1310,1436,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">S. contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
located in the Natural History Museum (London) (BM 1908.2.18.8) has shown that some of the spines presented notches at their tip and were slightly papillose, almost not distinct. Older descriptions might have reported that the spines were smooth and/or without any notches nor apical lobes, but sometimes very small papillae and even apical lobes might have been overlooked because the authors did not use adequate magnification or did not look along enough parts of the axis. The polyps of the
<typeStatus id="54A603CCFFE2FFA2FD26FB71FD08B746" box="[641,689,1267,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FD70FB71FCEAB747" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" box="[727,851,1267,1293]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FD70FB71FCEAB747" box="[727,851,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">S. contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
measure
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFE2FFA2FC18FB71FBB8B746" box="[959,1025,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in transverse diameter, with 5–6 per cm (here polyps
<quantity id="4CE5108BFFE2FFA2FEF3FA95FE65B77A" box="[340,476,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.2 mm</quantity>
in diameter, 6–9 per centimeter). Due to these similarities, the name
<taxonomicName id="4C1DC6EDFFE2FFA2FB4EFA95FF4FB71F" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1905" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="16" pageNumber="198" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FB4EFA95FAC1B77A" box="[1257,1400,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">Stichopathes</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B969617CFFE2FFA2FF30FAB9FF4FB71F" box="[151,246,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="198">contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assigned to the present specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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