treatments-xml/data/41/7D/87/417D87A4FFD8FFCBFC14566E304AFA2D.xml

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<mods:title id="2DD954EBD72E80AF1A4E2E4DB8A53597">A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands</mods:title>
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<heading id="922381DEFFD8FFC9FC14566E365AFB32" box="[968,1300,1141,1168]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
10. 
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<treatmentCitation id="487510A3FFD8FFC9FC2E566D365AFB32" box="[1010,1300,1141,1168]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFD8FFC9FC2E566D365AFB32" ID-CoL="5CM7G" authority="Diels" authorityName="Diels. Photos" authorityYear="1925" box="[1010,1300,1141,1168]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sericolampra">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FC2E566D379BFB32" bold="true" box="[1010,1237,1141,1168]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Xylopia sericolampra</emphasis>
Diels
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFD8FFC9FBF8568E37F6FB12" blockId="37.[968,1300,1141,1200]" box="[1060,1208,1174,1200]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="922381DEFFD8FFC9FBF8568E37F6FB12" box="[1060,1208,1174,1200]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
(
<figureCitation id="51EF2A37FFD8FFC9FBF7568E37C9FB12" box="[1067,1159,1174,1200]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1873,1891]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[698,1267,786,1360]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 6. — A, Shoot of X. amplexicaulis (Lam.) Baill., showing flower bud at left and clasping leaf bases visible at several nodes; B, branch of X. ravelonarivoi, sp. nov., with fruit (Ravelonarivo 4171); C, flower of X. humblotiana Baill., side view (Schatz 4475); D, buds of X. richardii Boivin ex Baill.; E, close-up of flower interior of X. lamarckii Baill., showing red coloration at bases of petals, and the stamens and stigmas; outer staminodes are visible along the edge of the androecium; F, flower of X. richardii at anthesis, one outer petal and one inner petal removed, so that androecium and stigmas are visible; G, leaves and fruit of X. anomala, sp. nov., (Rakotonirina 48); H, leaves and fruit of X. sericolampra Diels. Photos: A, Carlos Magdalena; B, D. Ravelonarivo; C, G. E. Schatz; D-F, C. Kaiser-Bunbury; G, C. Birkinshaw; H, R. N. Rabarijaona. B, C, G, used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for Tropicos, the botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden; H, used under the terms of the the Creative Commons license for iNaturalist." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877228" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3877228/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Figs 6H</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="51EF2A37FFD8FFC9FB4F568E37E1FB12" box="[1171,1199,1174,1200]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="40.[132,143,1825,1843]" captionTargetBox="[132,1452,218,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[132,1455,211,1799]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIG. 13. — Xylopia sericolampra Diels: A, side views of expanding shoot and flower bud; B, leaf habit; C, flower, side view; D, monocarp, side view; E, seed,view from above;F, adaxial view of outer petal (apex not shown);G, adaxial view of inner petal; H, I, staminodes;J, fertile stamen.A, C, from Perrier de la Bâthie 4966 (P); B, from Richard 429 (K);D, E, from Service Forestier 114 (P); F-J, from Perrier de la Bâthie 4966 (B).Scale bars:A, C,E, 5 mm; B, D, 1 cm; F, G, 1 mm;H-J,0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3877242/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">13</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFD8FFC9FC9F56D636E0FA97" blockId="37.[813,1455,1230,1333]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="AD454B43FFD8FFC9FC9F56D630D0FAA2" author="DIELS L." pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="334 - 357" refId="ref88410" refString="DIELS L. 1925. - Revisio Anonacearum madagascariensium. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 9: 334 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994385" type="journal article" year="1925">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FC9F56D636D6FB44" box="[835,1432,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="79BC3CEFFFD8FFC9FA4156D630D0FAA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2632071694" collectingDate="1907-10" collectorName="Perrier de la Bathie" country="Madagascar" location="Bongolava" municipality="Boina" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mahajanga" typeStatus="holotype">9: 353 (1925).</materialsCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
— 
<typeStatus id="166F8810FFD8FFC9FC6356F130BFFAA3" box="[959,1009,1257,1281]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Type</typeStatus>
: 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FC2556F03656FAA2" bold="true" box="[1017,1304,1256,1280]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
<collectingCountry id="B1C37622FFD8FFC9FC2556F03723FAA2" box="[1017,1133,1256,1280]" name="Madagascar" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="0B10F850FFD8FFC9FB7056F03656FAA2" box="[1196,1304,1256,1280]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
[“Madagascaria occidentalis”], 
<collectingMunicipality id="290FACC8FFD8FFC9FC68571B30A0FAB9" box="[948,1006,1283,1307]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Boina</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="CC0B6069FFD8FFC9FC2A571B3715FAB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:417D87A4FFD8FFCBFC14566E304AFA2D:CC0B6069FFD8FFC9FC2A571B3715FAB9" box="[1014,1115,1283,1307]" country="Madagascar" municipality="Boina" name="Bongolava" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Mahajanga">Bongolava</location>
, in silvis sabulosis aridis, 
<date id="BD6A1072FFD8FFC9FAE0571B36CDFAB9" box="[1340,1411,1283,1307]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" value="1907-10">
<collectingDate id="AD2EE99AFFD8FFC9FAE0571B36CDFAB9" box="[1340,1411,1283,1307]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" value="1907-10">X.1907</collectingDate>
</date>
(fl.), 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FCF15706375CFA97" box="[813,1042,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
<collectorName id="64215364FFD8FFC9FCF157063094FA97" box="[813,986,1309,1333]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Perrier de la Bâthie</collectorName>
4966
</emphasis>
(holo-, B!; 
<materialsCitation id="79BC3CEFFFD8FFC9FBA0570536E0FA97" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2632071374" box="[1148,1454,1309,1333]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">iso-, P[P030425, P00364248]!).</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CE6539FFD8FFC9FCF1575336E1F995" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFD8FFC9FCF1575336E1F995" blockId="37.[813,1456,1355,1591]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 
<materialsCitation id="79BC3CEFFFD8FFC9FBF757533638FA11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2632071450" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FBF7575337ECFAC1" bold="true" box="[1067,1186,1355,1379]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
<collectingCountry id="B1C37622FFD8FFC9FBF7575337ECFAC1" box="[1067,1186,1355,1379]" name="Madagascar" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="0B10F850FFD8FFC9FB3557543617FAC6" box="[1257,1369,1356,1380]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
. Canton Tsaramandroso, District A[mba]to Boina, Antongomlilanivy de Ankarafantsika, 
<date id="BD6A1072FFD8FFC9FC755798374DFA3A" box="[937,1027,1408,1432]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" value="1948-10-05">5.X.1948</date>
(fl.), 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FBE957993792FA3A" box="[1077,1244,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Réserves Naturelles</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FB345799363FFA3A" box="[1256,1393,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Ramamanjisoa</emphasis>
] 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FAA157983000FA11" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">1665 RN</emphasis>
(K n.v., 
<collectionCode id="AFC5AE77FFD8FFC9FC4757833094FA11" box="[923,986,1435,1459]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13797" name="Jason Swallen Herbarium" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="Herbarium">OWU</collectionCode>
, P[P01953995, P01953996, P02133042]);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="79BC3CEFFFD8FFC9FAA7578436E1FA4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2632071584" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
R. N. 7, Canton Tsaramandroso, District Ambato-Boeni, 
<date id="BD6A1072FFD8FFC9FACE57AD36CFFA6F" box="[1298,1409,1461,1485]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" value="1952-11-10">10.XI.1952</date>
(fl.), 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FCF157C93749FA4A" box="[813,1031,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Ramamanjisoa 4737 RN</emphasis>
(K, P[P01953991, P01953992, P02133041]);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="79BC3CEFFFD8FFC9FCF157F236E1F995" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2632071787" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
Ampijoroa, Ankarafantsika, J. Botanique, on gentle slope 
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from lake, 
<date id="BD6A1072FFD8FFC9FC83541D3097F9BF" box="[863,985,1541,1565]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" value="1970-07-26">26.VII.1970</date>
(buds), 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FBF6541D37D1F9BF" box="[1066,1183,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Richard 429</emphasis>
(K); Without definite locality, s. d. (fr.), 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FC76543837C8F995" box="[938,1158,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Service Forestier 114 SF</emphasis>
(P[P00524384, P01953990]).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CE6539FFD8FFC9FCF1545636D7F82B" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFD8FFC9FCF1545636D7F82B" blockId="37.[813,1456,1614,1929]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
DISTRIBUTION, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION STATUS. — 
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFD8FFC9FAB5545630EFF922" authorityName="Diels. Photos" authorityYear="1925" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sericolampra">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FAB5545630EFF922" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Xylopia sericolampra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from a small area of dry forest on sand in northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="B1C37622FFD8FFC9FC04549B3701F939" box="[984,1103,1667,1691]" name="Madagascar" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="51EF2A37FFD8FFC9FB83549B37E6F939" box="[1119,1192,1667,1691]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="85.[132,143,1285,1303]" captionTargetBox="[299,1288,214,1243]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[623,962,204,732]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIG. 30. — Distributions of Xylopia perrieri Diels, X. ravelonarivoi, sp. nov., X. retusa, sp. nov., X. sclerophylla, sp. nov., X. sericolampra Diels and X. sahafariensis Cavaco &amp; Keraudren on Madagascar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3877276/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). Specimens with flowers have been collected in October and November; the one specimen with fruits is undated. Several iNaturalist postings from the vicinity of Sofia show new flushes of leafy shoots and flowers appearing in late September and November, and an apparently mature fruit in January (
<figureCitation id="51EF2A37FFD8FFC9FC7D551F30BFF8BD" box="[929,1009,1799,1823]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1873,1891]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[698,1267,786,1360]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 6. — A, Shoot of X. amplexicaulis (Lam.) Baill., showing flower bud at left and clasping leaf bases visible at several nodes; B, branch of X. ravelonarivoi, sp. nov., with fruit (Ravelonarivo 4171); C, flower of X. humblotiana Baill., side view (Schatz 4475); D, buds of X. richardii Boivin ex Baill.; E, close-up of flower interior of X. lamarckii Baill., showing red coloration at bases of petals, and the stamens and stigmas; outer staminodes are visible along the edge of the androecium; F, flower of X. richardii at anthesis, one outer petal and one inner petal removed, so that androecium and stigmas are visible; G, leaves and fruit of X. anomala, sp. nov., (Rakotonirina 48); H, leaves and fruit of X. sericolampra Diels. Photos: A, Carlos Magdalena; B, D. Ravelonarivo; C, G. E. Schatz; D-F, C. Kaiser-Bunbury; G, C. Birkinshaw; H, R. N. Rabarijaona. B, C, G, used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for Tropicos, the botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden; H, used under the terms of the the Creative Commons license for iNaturalist." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877228" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3877228/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
). In the September photographs the leaves of the previous growing season are still present, but in the November photographs they have been shed from the plant. With an EOO and AOO estimated as 
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and 
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<superScript id="3EA19BFAFFD8FFC9FB15554E379CF8C5" attach="left" box="[1225,1234,1878,1895]" fontSize="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">2</superScript>
, respectively, it is given a preliminary conservation assessment of Endangered (
<tableCitation id="84560309FFD8FFC9FA9F556936C2F82B" box="[1347,1420,1905,1929]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="18.[214,225,221,239]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Preliminary and published conservation assessments for Madagascar and Mascarene Xylopia species.Abbreviations:CR, Critically Endangered; D, based on IUCN Criterion D; DD, Data Deficient; EN, Endangered; VU, Vulnerable. Sources: 1, Page 1998a; 2, Lantoarisoa 2015; 3, Callmander et al. 2009; 4, Page 1998b; 5, Page 1998c. *, See Discussion under X. flexuosa Diels." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9DAB663AFFEFFFFEFF0A52C5370AFEBF" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="9DAB663AFFEFFFFEFF0A52C5370AFEBF">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CE6539FFD8FFC9FCF1558730B0F84E" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFD8FFC9FCF1558730B0F84E" blockId="37.[813,1455,1951,2029]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
LOCAL NAME. — Lompingo (
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FB8B55B83646F81A" box="[1111,1288,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Réserves Naturelles</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FAC555B836E9F815" box="[1305,1447,1952,1975]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Ramamanjisoa</emphasis>
] 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FCF155A230C9F870" box="[813,903,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">1665 RN</emphasis>
). According to 
<bibRefCitation id="AD454B43FFD8FFC9FBF855A337E4F870" author="Baron" box="[1060,1194,1978,2002]" firstAuthor="Baron" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="203 - 215" refId="ref87360" refString="BARON R. 1890. - Notes on the economic plants of Madagascar, by the Rev. R. Baron, F. L. S. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens, Kew) 1890: 203 - 215. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40869117" type="journal article" year="1890">Baron (1890)</bibRefCitation>
, this name is also given to a species of 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFD8FFC9FC4355CD30B9F84E" box="[927,1015,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Diospyros</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="9DAB663AFFDBFFCAFF5856A532DEFB5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877240" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3877240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3877240/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" startId="38.[132,143,1213,1231]" targetBox="[138,1439,218,1168]" targetPageId="38">
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDBFFCAFF5856A532DEFB5E" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
FIG. 12. — 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFF0256A532C4FB6D" box="[222,394,1213,1231]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Xylopia sahafariensis</emphasis>
Cavaco &amp; Keraudren: 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFD9956A5311CFB6D" bold="true" box="[581,594,1213,1231]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
, outer petal, adaxial surface; 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFC9B56A5301AFB6D" bold="true" box="[839,852,1213,1231]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
, inner petal, adaxial surface; 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFB9B56A5371BFB6D" bold="true" box="[1095,1109,1213,1231]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">C</emphasis>
, inflorescences; 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFB3D56A537A1FB6D" bold="true" box="[1249,1263,1213,1231]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">D</emphasis>
, flower with petals and stamens removed to show staminal cone and carpels; 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFD8F56CC3111FB44" bold="true" box="[595,607,1236,1254]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">E</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFDB756CC3138FB44" bold="true" box="[619,630,1236,1254]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">F</emphasis>
, stamens, abaxial view; 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFC9A56CB301AFB47" bold="true" box="[838,852,1235,1253]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">G</emphasis>
, habit. All from 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFC0756CB37DAFB47" box="[987,1172,1235,1253]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Ratovoson et al. 1067</emphasis>
(MO). Scale bars: A, B, D, 1 mm; C, 2 mm; E, F, 0.5 mm; G, 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="81CE6539FFDBFFCBFF58572D3138FC33" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDBFFCAFF58572D325BFAEF" blockId="38.[132,362,1333,1392]" box="[132,277,1333,1359]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDBFFCAFF58574D3224FACD" blockId="38.[132,362,1333,1392]" box="[132,362,1365,1392]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFF58574D3389FACD" bold="true" box="[132,199,1365,1391]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Shrub</emphasis>
up to 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFED3574D3274FAD2" box="[271,314,1365,1392]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
tall.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDBFFCAFF58578C31A2FA6D" blockId="38.[132,775,1428,1487]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFF58578C338DFA0C" bold="true" box="[132,195,1428,1454]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Twigs</emphasis>
short silvery appressed-pubescent, the hairs 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFD55578D3049FA12" box="[649,775,1429,1456]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1-0.2 mm</quantity>
long, eventually glabrate; nodes with one axillary branch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDBFFCAFF5857EC31BCF8EF" blockId="38.[132,775,1524,1870]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFF5857EC3384F9AC" bold="true" box="[132,202,1524,1550]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Leaves</emphasis>
with larger blades 
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long, 2.0-3.0 cm wide, subcoriaceous, discolorous, gray to brown and shiny adaxially, dull grayish tan abaxially, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes slightly emarginate, base truncate or sometimes rounded, margin flat to slightly revolute, glabrous adaxially, sparsely and finely appressed-pubescent abaxially; midrib pinkish brown toward the base adaxially, secondary veins weakly brochidodromous, 9-14 per side, diverging at 45-60° from midrib, these and higher-order veins plane and indistinct on both surfaces; petiole 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFE01550B311BF88C" box="[477,597,1811,1838]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8-3.5 mm</quantity>
long, semi-terete, longitudinally wrinkled, glabrate or with a few sparse hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDBFFCAFF58556B3049F84F" blockId="38.[132,775,1907,2030]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFF58556B3254F82F" bold="true" box="[132,282,1907,1933]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Inflorescences</emphasis>
arising from axils of the first 3-4 bracts of newly expanding shoots, 1-flowered, not pedunculate, densely sericeous; pedicels 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFEF955AB32EBF86C" box="[293,421,1971,1998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="1.7">1.7-3.2 mm</quantity>
long, 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFE3955AC32B8F86F" box="[485,502,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">c.</emphasis>
1.0 mm thick; bracts 3-4, evenly spaced on pedicel, proximal bracts usually caducous,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDBFFCAFCF1572D3606FACD" blockId="38.[813,1455,1333,1392]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
distal bract 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFC75572D3758FAF2" box="[937,1046,1333,1360]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="3.15" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.3">2.3-4 mm</quantity>
long, orbicular to reniform; buds lanceolate, apex obtuse, sometimes slightly falciform.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDBFFCAFCF1578C3797FA4D" blockId="38.[813,1456,1427,1519]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFCF1578C3020FA0C" bold="true" box="[813,878,1428,1454]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Sepals</emphasis>
slightly spreading at anthesis, ¼-¾-connate, 3.0- 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFA81578D36E1FA12" box="[1373,1455,1429,1456]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFCB757AD3096FA6D" box="[875,984,1461,1487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="3.45" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.9">2.9-4 mm</quantity>
wide, coriaceous, broadly ovate, apex acute or apiculate, densely sericeous abaxially.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDBFFCAFCF1540C37C7F8EF" blockId="38.[813,1456,1556,1870]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFCF1540C3023F98C" bold="true" box="[813,877,1556,1582]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Petals</emphasis>
yellow 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFC60540D374CF98C" box="[956,1026,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">in vivo</emphasis>
; outer petals spreading at anthesis, 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFAA9540D30DFF9ED" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.565" metricValueMax="1.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="1.39" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="15.649999999999999" valueMax="17.4" valueMin="13.9">13.9- 17.4 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFC0B542D3717F9ED" box="[983,1113,1589,1615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.4">2.4-2.9 mm</quantity>
wide at base, 1.0- 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFAC2542C363BF9ED" box="[1310,1397,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
wide at midpoint, coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, flat, apex acute, densely puberulent except at base adaxially, densely sericeous abaxially; inner petals more or less spreading at anthesis, 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFA56548C30C1F96D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" metricValueMax="1.58" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="12.9" valueMax="15.8" valueMin="10.0">10- 15.8 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFC1354AC3701F96D" box="[975,1103,1716,1743]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5-2.2 mm</quantity>
wide at base, 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFB0254AC3610F96D" box="[1246,1374,1716,1743]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7-0.8 mm</quantity>
wide at midpoint, slightly fleshy, linear, faintly keeled on both surfaces, apex acute, base concave with undifferentiated margin, thinly puberulent except at base adaxially, more densely puberulent but sparse toward base abaxially.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDBFFCBFCF1556B3046FE91" blockId="38.[813,1455,1907,2030]" lastBlockId="39.[132,776,217,308]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFCF1556B30C9F82F" bold="true" box="[813,903,1907,1933]" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">Stamens</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFC50556C30D2F82F" box="[908,924,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">c.</emphasis>
100; fertile stamens 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFBB2556B37A4F82C" box="[1134,1258,1907,1934]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.2">1.2-1.3 mm</quantity>
long, narrowly oblong, anther connective apex 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFB8A558C3728F80F" box="[1110,1126,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFBB7558B37F2F80C" box="[1131,1212,1939,1966]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
long, conical or slightly bifid, rudimentary, not overhanging anther thecae, glabrous, anthers 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDBFFCAFCA255CC30C0F84F" box="[894,910,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="37">c.</emphasis>
10-locellate, filament 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDBFFCAFBA855CB37BCF84C" box="[1140,1266,2003,2030]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5-0.6 mm</quantity>
long; outer stami- nodes (loose in packet) 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFEA352C232C1FF51" box="[383,399,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDAFFCBFE4A52C132A2FF56" box="[406,492,217,244]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
long, clavate, apex obtuse; inner staminodes (loose in packet) 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFE2352E2315EFEB1" box="[511,528,250,275]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">c.</emphasis>
1.0 mm long, oblong, apex obliquely truncate; staminal cone rudimentary or absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDAFFCBFF58534032F8FE31" blockId="39.[132,774,344,403]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFF5853403380FED0" bold="true" box="[132,206,344,370]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Carpel</emphasis>
1, 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFF2C5341324FFED0" box="[240,257,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDAFFCBFEDB53413213FED1" box="[263,349,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
long, lanceolate; ovary and stigma continuous, apex obtuse, pilose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDAFFCBFF5853A03279FD10" blockId="39.[132,775,440,690]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFF5853A033F6FE70" bold="true" box="[132,184,440,466]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Fruit</emphasis>
a single monocarp borne on a pedicel 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDAFFCBFDE653A13139FE71" box="[570,631,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDAFFCBFD6953A03049FE71" box="[693,775,440,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
thick, pubescent; torus 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFEA053C132C3FE50" box="[380,397,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDAFFCBFE4D53C032ABFE51" box="[401,485,472,499]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
in diameter, not expanded; monocarp with peach-colored exterior 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFDEF53E13133FDB0" box="[563,637,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">in vivo</emphasis>
, 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDAFFCBFD5153E03048FDB1" box="[653,774,504,531]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="3.65" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="2.5">2.5-4.8 cm</quantity>
long, 2.0- 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDAFFCBFF3250003274FD91" box="[238,314,536,563]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
wide, 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDAFFCBFE5E500032B4FD91" box="[386,506,536,563]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.9">1.9-2.5 cm</quantity>
thick, pyriform, oblong, or ovoid, not torulose, apex rounded, base sessile, rounded or slightly tapered, smooth or slightly wrinkled, surface marked by a pattern of raised longitudinal veins, pubescent; pericarp 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFF58508033DBFD13" box="[132,149,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDAFFCBFF40508033BCFD10" box="[156,242,664,690]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
thick.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDAFFCBFF5850CF3138FC33" blockId="39.[132,775,727,913]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFF5850CF338FFD53" bold="true" box="[132,193,727,753]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Seeds</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFF1B50C03396FD53" box="[199,216,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">c.</emphasis>
3 per monocarp, in a single row, lying perpendicular to long axis, 
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFED050E03253FCB3" box="[268,285,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDAFFCBFEFF50EF32C9FCB0" box="[291,391,759,786]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="15.4">15.4 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDAFFCBFE1650EF311AFCB0" box="[458,596,759,786]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.295" metricValueMax="1.39" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="12.95" valueMax="13.9" valueMin="12.0">12-13.9 mm</quantity>
wide, 
<quantity id="0E2C9B57FFDAFFCBFD4650EF3049FCB0" box="[666,775,759,786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="8.9" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.8">8.8-9 mm</quantity>
thick, ellipsoid, irregularly elliptic in cross-section, light brown, smooth, dull, perichalazal ring not elevated; sarcotesta presence or absence undeterminable; aril absent, micropylar end of seed marked by a light brown smooth area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CE6539FFDAFFCBFF5851AE304AFA2D" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDAFFCBFF5851AE3380FC6D" blockId="39.[132,775,950,1424]" box="[132,206,950,976]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">NOTES</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96B36B2FFDAFFCBFF5851CE304AFA2D" blockId="39.[132,775,950,1424]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFDAFFCBFF5851CE3217FC52" authorityName="Diels. Photos" authorityYear="1925" box="[132,345,982,1008]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sericolampra">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFF5851CE3217FC52" box="[132,345,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Xylopia sericolampra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from other 
<collectingCountry id="B1C37622FFDAFFCBFD5451CE3049FC52" box="[648,775,982,1008]" name="Madagascar" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
species by the combination of silvery indument of the new shoots and inflorescences, the shiny leaves with blunt apices and truncate bases, and the remarkable single ovoid monocarp with raised venation on its surface. The raised monocarp venation is shared with 
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFDAFFCBFE57566F316BFB32" box="[395,549,1142,1168]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mwasumbii">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFE57566F316BFB32" box="[395,549,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">X. mwasumbii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of coastal 
<collectingCountry id="B1C37622FFDAFFCBFD40566E304DFB32" box="[668,771,1142,1168]" name="Tanzania" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, but the latter has flattened rather than ovoid monocarps. 
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFDAFFCBFD38568F3272FB72" authorityName="Diels. Photos" authorityYear="1925" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sericolampra">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFD38568F3272FB72" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Xylopia sericolampra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the second 
<collectingCountry id="B1C37622FFDAFFCBFDE656AE31F7FB72" box="[570,697,1206,1232]" name="Madagascar" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
species of section 
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFDAFFCBFF2D56CE3226FB52" box="[241,360,1238,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Verdcourtia">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFF2D56CE3226FB52" box="[241,360,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">Verdcourtia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="0ED44D31FFDAFFCBFEA956CE315CFB52" authorityName="Cavaco &amp; Keraudren" authorityYear="1956" box="[373,530,1238,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="39" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sahafariensis">
<emphasis id="FBA0EAA0FFDAFFCBFEA956CE315CFB52" box="[373,530,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">X. sahafariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the fruits of which are unknown, by its longer and narrower petals, truncate leaf bases, and indument of silver hairs on the young growth. Its inflorescences appear with the expansion of the new vegetative shoots, which are enclosed by overlapping conduplicate leaves. The label of the 
<typeStatus id="166F8810FFDAFFCBFEEF576E322FFA32" box="[307,353,1398,1424]" pageId="39" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
specimen reports the bark to be black.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>