331 lines
39 KiB
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331 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FD8EC8B6F4F78C61E68335C4E5A45A23">A short biography of Hubert Ludwig and a note on the publication dates of his monograph Die Seewalzen (1889 – 1892)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="913CB57FFFABFFC7FF67FA2EFD7BFA3B" blockId="5.[151,749,1469,1495]" box="[151,749,1469,1495]" pageId="5">
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<heading id="CA740213FFABFFC7FF67FA2EFD7BFA3B" bold="true" box="[151,749,1469,1495]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFABFFC7FF67FA2EFD7BFA3B" bold="true" box="[151,749,1469,1495]" pageId="5">
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<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFABFFC7FF67FA2EFE35FA3B" ID-CoL="7Q48Y" authority="Ludwig, 1889" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,419,1469,1495]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFABFFC7FF67FA2EFF64FA3B" bold="true" box="[151,242,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="5">Theelia</emphasis>
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Ludwig, 1889
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFABFFC7FE10FA2EFD7BFA3B" authority="Ludwig, 1891" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1891" box="[480,749,1469,1495]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFABFFC7FE10FA2EFDADFA3B" bold="true" box="[480,571,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="5">Theelia</emphasis>
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Ludwig, 1891
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="913CB57FFFABFFC7FF67F990FE15F964" blockId="5.[151,1437,1539,1960]" pageId="5">
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The genus name
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<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFABFFC7FEA7F990FE3DF9F0" box="[343,427,1539,1564]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFABFFC7FEA7F990FE3DF9F0" box="[343,427,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="5">Theelia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was mentioned by Ludwig on page 89 (fascicle 4 of Ludwig
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<date id="E53D93BFFFABFFC7FB93F997FB4BF9F0" box="[1123,1245,1540,1564]" pageId="5" value="1889" valueMax="1892">1889-1892</date>
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= Ludwig 1889) for the first time, but the formal diagnosis (within the
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<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFABFFC7FD0FF9B4FC2EF9AC" box="[767,952,1575,1600]" class="Holothuroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Dendrochirotida</taxonomicName>
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) did not appear before page 349 (fascicles 13/14 of Ludwig
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<date id="E53D93BFFFABFFC7FEADF9DFFE40F988" box="[349,470,1612,1636]" pageId="5" value="1889" valueMax="1892">1889-1892</date>
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= Ludwig 1891b; cf. also
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<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FCF4F9D8FC5BF988" author="Waterhouse" box="[772,973,1611,1636]" pageId="5" refString="Waterhouse, C. O. (1902) Index zoologicus. An alphabetical list of names of genera and subgenera proposed for use in zoology as recorded in the " Zoological Record " 1880 - 1900. Gurney & Jackson, London, xii + 421 pp." type="book chapter" year="1902">Waterhouse 1902</bibRefCitation>
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||
: p. 372,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FBDFF9D8FA9AF988" author="Schulze" box="[1071,1292,1611,1636]" pageId="5" refString="Schulze, F. E., Kukenthal, W., Heider, K., Hesse, R., Hedicke, H. & Keler, S. von (Ed.), (1938) Nomenclator animalium generum et subgenerum. Funfter Band: Q - Z, Lieferung 24. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 3373 - 3532." type="journal article" year="1938">
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Schulze
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<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFABFFC7FB7FF9DEFB5EF988" box="[1167,1224,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al.</emphasis>
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1938
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</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 3449 and
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<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FF67F9E3FEB4F964" author="Neave" box="[151,290,1648,1672]" pageId="5" refString="Neave, S. A. (Ed.) (1940) Nomenclator zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus 1758 to the end of 1935. Vol. IV: Q - Z and supplement. The Zoological Society of London, London, ii + 758 pp." type="book" year="1940">Neave 1940</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 459).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="913CB57FFFABFFC7FF67F900FCCDF844" blockId="5.[151,1437,1539,1960]" pageId="5">
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This name for a holothurian genus was also erected at the same time by Charles Schlumberger (
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<date id="E53D93BFFFABFFC7FB04F900FAE3F940" box="[1268,1397,1683,1708]" pageId="5" value="1825" valueMax="1905">1825–1905</date>
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) in describing isolated fossil holothurian ossicles from Paleogene strata of the Paris Basin (Schlumberger 1888, 1890; cf. also
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<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FF01F948FE59F918" author="Schulze" box="[241,463,1755,1780]" pageId="5" refString="Schulze, F. E., Kukenthal, W., Heider, K., Hesse, R., Hedicke, H. & Keler, S. von (Ed.), (1938) Nomenclator animalium generum et subgenerum. Funfter Band: Q - Z, Lieferung 24. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 3373 - 3532." type="journal article" year="1938">
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Schulze
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<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFABFFC7FEA2F94EFE1DF918" box="[338,395,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al.</emphasis>
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1938
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</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 3449 and
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<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FD99F94FFD63F918" author="Neave" box="[617,757,1756,1780]" pageId="5" refString="Neave, S. A. (Ed.) (1940) Nomenclator zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus 1758 to the end of 1935. Vol. IV: Q - Z and supplement. The Zoological Society of London, London, ii + 758 pp." type="book" year="1940">Neave 1940</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 459).
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<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFABFFC7FC90F948FB09F918" authority="Schlumberger, 1890" authorityName="Schlumberger" authorityYear="1890" box="[864,1183,1755,1780]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFABFFC7FC90F948FC22F918" box="[864,948,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="5">Theelia</emphasis>
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Schlumberger, 1890
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs (as originally described) to the
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<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFABFFC7FEAEF96CFE7BF8F4" box="[350,493,1791,1816]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Chiridotidae</taxonomicName>
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, covering fossil representatives related to
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<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFABFFC7FC3EF96CFBADF8F4" box="[974,1083,1791,1816]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Chiridota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFABFFC7FC3EF96CFBADF8F4" box="[974,1083,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="5">Chiridota</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. This genus name is widely in use within holothurian palaeontology (e.g.,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FD61F8B0FC73F8D0" author="Croneis" box="[657,997,1827,1852]" pageId="5" refString="Croneis, C. & McCormack, J. (1932) Fossil Holothuroidea. Journal of Paleontology, 6 (2), 111 - 148, pls. 15 - 21." type="journal article" year="1932">Croneis & McCormack 1932</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FC05F8B0FA95F8D0" author="Frizzell" box="[1013,1283,1827,1852]" pageId="5" refString="Frizzell, D. L. & Exline, H. (1956) Monograph of Fossil Holothurian Sclerites. School of Mines and Metallurgy, Bulletin (Technical Series), 89 [1955], vii + 204 pp." type="book" year="1956">Frizzell & Exline 1956</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FAE3F8B0FAD8F8D0" author="Frizzell" box="[1299,1358,1827,1852]" pageId="5" refString="Frizzell, D. L. & Exline, H. (1958) The Frizzell-Exline Card Catalogue of Holothurian Sclerites. The McLean Paleontological Laboratory, Alexandria, Vir. 216 cards [incl. suppl.]." type="book chapter" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FAACF8B0FA01F8D0" author="Frizzell" box="[1372,1431,1827,1852]" pageId="5" refString="Frizzell, D. L. & Exline, H. (1966) Holothuroidea - Fossil Record. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part U: Echinodermata 3 [Asterozoa - Echinozoa], Volume 2. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kan. & Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colo., pp. U 646 - U 672." type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FF67F8D4FEA2F88C" author="Soodan" box="[151,308,1863,1888]" pageId="5" refString="Soodan, K. S. (1991) Revision of fossil Holothuroidea family Theeliidae Frizzell and Exline, 1955. Geoscience Journal, 12 (2), 125 - 130." type="journal article" year="1991">Soodan 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FEB8F8DBFE15F88C" author="Soodan" box="[328,387,1864,1888]" pageId="5" refString="Soodan, K. S. (1993) Palaeozoic - Cainozoic fossil Holothuroidea zonation scheme. Geoscience Journal, 14 (1 - 2), 127 - 144." type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FE67F8D4FDD0F88C" author="Gilliland" box="[407,582,1863,1888]" pageId="5" refString="Gilliland, P. M. (1992) Holothurians in the Blue Lias of southern Britain. Palaeontology, 35 (1), 159 - 210, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1992">Gilliland 1992</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FDA9F8D4FC9CF88C" author="Sepkoski" box="[601,778,1863,1888]" pageId="5" refString="Sepkoski jr., J. J. (2002) A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 363, 560 pp." type="book" year="2002">Sepkoski 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FCEEF8D4FC3CF88C" author="Reich" box="[798,938,1863,1888]" pageId="5" refString="Reich, M. (2003) Holothurien aus der Oberkreide des Ostseeraumes: Teil 3. Chiridotidae Ostergren, 1898. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, 228 (3), 363 - 397." type="journal article" year="2003">Reich 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FC4DF8DBFC6FF88C" author="Reich" box="[957,1017,1864,1888]" pageId="5" refString="Reich, M. (2013) How many species of fossil holothurians are there? In: Johnson, C. (Ed.), Echinoderms in a Changing World. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton / London / New York / Leiden, pp. 23 - 51. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1201 / b 13769 - 5" type="book chapter" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
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||
), but is in need of revision since representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFABFFC7FE99F8F8FE2BF868" box="[361,445,1899,1924]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFABFFC7FE99F8F8FE2BF868" box="[361,445,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="5">Theelia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(>80 recorded from Carboniferous to Miocene strata;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FBC3F8F8FB21F868" author="Reich" box="[1075,1207,1899,1924]" pageId="5" refString="Reich, M. (2013) How many species of fossil holothurians are there? In: Johnson, C. (Ed.), Echinoderms in a Changing World. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton / London / New York / Leiden, pp. 23 - 51. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1201 / b 13769 - 5" type="book chapter" year="2013">Reich 2013</bibRefCitation>
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||
) can be assigned to chiridotids, myriotrochids, and synaptids (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFABFFC7FD58F81CFCD8F844" author="Gilliland" box="[680,846,1935,1960]" pageId="5" refString="Gilliland, P. M. (1993) The skeletal morphology, systematics and evolutionary history of holothurians. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 47, 147 pp." type="book" year="1993">Gilliland 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
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).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="913CB57FFFA8FFC4FF37FF0BFA0AFF5C" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[199,1436,151,176]" pageId="6">
|
||
However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FECCFF04FDAFFF5C" authority="Ludwig, 1891" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1891" box="[316,569,151,176]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FECCFF04FE06FF5C" box="[316,400,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia</emphasis>
|
||
Ludwig,
|
||
<quantity id="567B189AFFA8FFC4FDF1FF0BFDAFFF5C" box="[513,569,152,176]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.80314" pageId="6" unit="in" value="1891.0">1891</quantity>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in contrast, was only used or mentioned by Hubert
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FB63FF04FA0EFF5C" author="Ludwig" box="[1171,1432,151,176]" pageId="6" refString="Ludwig, H. (1894) The Holothurioidea. In: Reports on an Exploration off the West Coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross, " during 1891, Lieut. Commander, Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding. Volume XII. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 17 (3), 183 pp., 19 pls. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 38905" type="book" year="1894">Ludwig (Ludwig 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="913CB57FFFA8FFC4FF67FF2FFA0AFF39" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[151,1436,188,213]" pageId="6">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FF67FF2FFF44FF38" author="Ludwig" box="[151,210,188,212]" pageId="6" refString="Ludwig, H. (1898) Holothurien. In: Naturhistorisches Museum zu Hamburg (Ed.), Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise 1892 / 93. I. Band. Allgemeines, Chordonier, Echinodermen und Coelenteraten, Lieferung 3 [1]. Lieferung 3 [1]. L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, 98 pp., 3 pls. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63772" type="book" year="1898">1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), by some of his students (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FDB9FF2EFD51FF38" author="Erwe" box="[585,711,188,212]" pageId="6" refString="Erwe, W. (1913) Holothurioidea. In: Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (Eds.), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australien. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Band IV, Lieferung 9. G. Fischer, Jena, pp. 349 - 402, pls. V - VIII. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7416" type="journal article" year="1913">Erwe 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and others (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FC6EFF2FFBBBFF38" author="Bather" box="[926,1069,188,213]" pageId="6" refString="Bather, F. A. [assisted by Gregory, J. W. & Goodrich, E. S.] (1900) The Echinoderma. In: Lankester, E. R. (Ed.), A Treatise on Zoology. Volume III. A. & C. Black, London, viii + 344 pp." type="book" year="1900">Bather 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FBCCFF2EFB4EFF39" author="Pawson" box="[1084,1240,188,213]" pageId="6" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1969) Holothuroidea. In: Bushnell, V. C. & Hedgpeth, J. W. (Eds.), Distribution of Selected Groups of Marine Invertebrates in Waters South of 35 ° S Latitude. Antarctic Map Folio Series, Folio 11. American Geographical Society, New York, N. Y., pp. 36 - 38." type="journal article" year="1969">Pawson 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FB16FF2FFAB8FF38" author="Pawson" box="[1254,1326,188,212]" pageId="6" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1971 a) The Western Australian psolid holothurian Ceto cuvieria (Cuvier). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 54 (2), 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1971" yearSuffix="a">1971a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ludwig
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913CB57FFFA8FFC4FF67FF73FC80FF14" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[151,790,223,248]" pageId="6">
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="E53D93BFFFA8FFC4FF6FFF73FE89FF14" box="[159,287,224,248]" pageId="6" value="1889" valueMax="1892">1889–1892</date>
|
||
) listed several species within his new genus:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913CB57FFFA8FFC4FF67FE97FB41FEF1" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[151,1239,260,285]" pageId="6">
|
||
(1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FF37FE97FE6EFEF1" authority="Theel" authorityName="Theel" box="[199,504,260,285]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="disciformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FF37FE97FE09FEF1" box="[199,415,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia disciformis</emphasis>
|
||
(Théel)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ludwig 1891b: p. 350) [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FCC1FE97FB5DFEF1" authority="Theel, 1886" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[817,1227,260,285]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="disciformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FCC1FE97FBB1FEF1" box="[817,1063,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6">Psolidium disciformis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FBC5FE97FB54FEF1" author="Theel" box="[1077,1218,260,285]" pageId="6" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76. Part II. In: Wyville Thomson, C. & Murray, J. (Eds.), Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76 ... Zoology, 14 (39), 290 pp., pls. I - XVI." type="book" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913CB57FFFA8FFC4FF67FEBBFEEEFE89" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="6">
|
||
(2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FF37FEB4FE58FEAC" authority="Theel" authorityName="Theel" box="[199,462,295,320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="incerta">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FF37FEB4FEE5FEAC" box="[199,371,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia incerta</emphasis>
|
||
(Théel)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ludwig 1891b: p. 350) [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FCE1FEB4FB07FEAC" authority="Theel, 1886" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[785,1169,295,320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="incertum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FCE1FEB4FC79FEAC" box="[785,1007,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6">Psolidium incertum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FC0FFEB4FB1FFEAC" author="Theel" box="[1023,1161,295,320]" pageId="6" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76. Part II. In: Wyville Thomson, C. & Murray, J. (Eds.), Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76 ... Zoology, 14 (39), 290 pp., pls. I - XVI." type="book" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FB42FEB4FEFBFE89" authority="Studer, 1876" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1876" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="poriferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FB42FEB4FA0AFEAC" box="[1202,1436,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6">Psolidium poriferum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FF3EFEDFFEF5FE89" author="Studer" box="[206,355,332,357]" pageId="6" refString="Studer, T. (1876) Uber Echinodermen aus dem antarktischen Meere und zwei neue Seeigel von den Papua-Insel. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, [1876] (Juli), 452 - 465." type="journal article" year="1876">Studer, 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913CB57FFFA8FFC4FF67FEE3FAE8FE64" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[151,1406,367,392]" pageId="6">
|
||
(3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FF37FEFCFD8AFE64" authority="Selenka" authorityName="Selenka" box="[199,540,367,392]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cataphracta">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FF37FEFCFE3FFE64" box="[199,425,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia cataphracta</emphasis>
|
||
(Selenka)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ludwig 1889: p. 89, 95, 143; 1891b: p. 350) [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FBB4FEE3FAE7FE64" authority="Gistel, 1848" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[1092,1393,367,392]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Ceto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuvieria">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FBB4FEE3FB4AFE64" box="[1092,1244,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6">Ceto cuvieria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FB13FEFCFAE7FE64" author="Gistel" box="[1251,1393,367,392]" pageId="6" refString="Gistel, J. (1848) Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs fur hohere Schulen. Hoffmann, Stuttgart, xvi + 216 pp." type="book" year="1848">Gistel, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913CB57FFFA8FFC4FF67FE07FC7AFE19" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="6">
|
||
(4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FF37FE07FE77FE41" authority="Bell" authorityName="Bell" box="[199,481,404,429]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ambulator">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FF37FE07FE0EFE41" box="[199,408,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia ambulator</emphasis>
|
||
(Bell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ludwig 1889: p. 107, footnote) [= uncorrected spelling of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FB7EFE07FA95FE41" box="[1166,1283,404,429]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ambulator">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FB7EFE07FA95FE41" box="[1166,1283,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6">ambulator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after moving the species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FE7AFE24FE42FE3C" box="[394,468,439,464]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FE7AFE24FE42FE3C" box="[394,468,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6">Psolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(generic name masculine) to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FCD8FE24FCEAFE3C" box="[808,892,439,464]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FCD8FE24FCEAFE3C" box="[808,892,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(generic name feminine); this was corrected by Ludwig in the enclosed "Erratum sheet" bounded to the whole volume];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913CB57FFFA8FFC4FF67FE6CFBC1FDF4" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[151,1111,511,536]" pageId="6">
|
||
(5)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FF37FE6CFE73FDF4" authority="Bell" authorityName="Bell" box="[199,485,511,536]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ambulatrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FF37FE6CFE0BFDF4" box="[199,413,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia ambulatrix</emphasis>
|
||
(Bell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ludwig 1891b: p. 350) [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FCEEFD93FBDAFDF4" authority="Gistel, 1848" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[798,1100,511,536]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Ceto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cuvieria">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FCEEFD93FC20FDF4" box="[798,950,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6">Ceto cuvieria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FC4DFE6CFBDAFDF4" author="Gistel" box="[957,1100,511,536]" pageId="6" refString="Gistel, J. (1848) Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs fur hohere Schulen. Hoffmann, Stuttgart, xvi + 216 pp." type="book" year="1848">Gistel, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913CB57FFFA8FFC4FF37FDD4FCB3FCD4" blockId="6.[151,1436,583,933]" pageId="6">
|
||
Ludwig himself did not accept the genus name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FD27FDD4FCBDFD8C" box="[727,811,583,608]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FD27FDD4FCBDFD8C" box="[727,811,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
introduced by Schlumberger because he had mentioned the name earlier (cf. discussion in Ludwig 1891b: p. 445). However, partially due to this, Marthe Deflandre-Rigaud (
|
||
<date id="E53D93BFFFA8FFC4FF6FFD03FE89FD44" box="[159,287,656,680]" pageId="6" value="1902" valueMax="1987">1902–1987</date>
|
||
) introduced the name
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FDEDFD1CFD35FD44" box="[541,675,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6">Chiridotites</emphasis>
|
||
(Deflandre-Rigaud in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FC54FD1CFAD2FD44" author="Deflandre" box="[932,1348,655,680]" pageId="6" refString="Deflandre, G. & Deflandre-Rigaud, M. (1949) La nomenclature des fragments fossiles (organites et sclerites) d'Invertebres. In: Anonymous (Ed.), XIII e Congres international de Zoologie, tenu a Paris du 21 au 27 Juillet 1948. Comptes rendus, CNRS, Paris, pp. 576." type="journal article" year="1949">Deflandre & Deflandre-Rigaud 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) within the "ordo militaris" scheme (outside the ICZN) of Carey
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FCDCFD27FC41FD20" author="Croneis" box="[812,983,692,717]" pageId="6" refString="Croneis, C. (1938) Utilitarian Classification for Fragmentary Fossils. The Journal of Geology, 46 (7), 975 - 984. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1086 / 624712" type="journal article" year="1938">Croneis (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to replace
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FBAAFD27FA0AFD20" authority="Schlumberger, 1890" authorityName="Schlumberger" authorityYear="1890" box="[1114,1436,692,717]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FBAAFD27FB38FD21" box="[1114,1198,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia</emphasis>
|
||
Schlumberger, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FF26FD44FE74FD1C" author="Deflandre-Rigaud" box="[214,482,727,752]" pageId="6" refString="Deflandre-Rigaud, M. (1950) Les sclerites rotiformes des Holothurides fossiles. Annales de Paleontologie, 36, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1950">Deflandre-Rigaud 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FE1CFD44FDB1FD1C" author="Deflandre-Rigaud" box="[492,551,727,752]" pageId="6" refString="Deflandre-Rigaud, M. (1953) Classe des Holothurides (Holothurioidea Zittel 1883). In: Piveteau, J. (Ed.), Traite de Paleontologie. Tome III: Onychophores, Arthropodes, Echinodermes, Stomocordes. Masson et C ie, Paris, pp. 948 - 957." type="book chapter" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FDC2FD44FDFBFD1C" author="Deflandre-Rigaud" box="[562,621,727,752]" pageId="6" refString="Deflandre-Rigaud, M. (1957) Sur l'invalidite du genre Theelia Schlumb. Synonyme de Chiridotites Defl. - Rig. (sclerites d'Holothurides fossiles). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle (serie 2), 29 (4), 353 - 353." type="journal article" year="1957">1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FD87FD44FD27FD1C" author="Deflandre-Rigaud" box="[631,689,727,752]" pageId="6" refString="Deflandre-Rigaud, M. (1961) Contribution a la connaissance des sclerites d'Holothurides fossiles. [Unpublished] These Docteur de l'Universite Paris (Laboratoire de Micropaleontologie de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes), Institut de Paleontologie du Museum. Paris, v + 135 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FD4DFD44FD6FFD1C" author="Deflandre-Rigaud" box="[701,761,727,752]" pageId="6" refString="Deflandre-Rigaud, M. (1962) Contribution a la connaissance des sclerites d'Holothurides fossiles. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle (N. S., serie C: Sciences de la Terre), 11 (1), 1 - 123, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genus
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FC75FD44FB9DFD1C" box="[901,1035,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6">Chiridotites</emphasis>
|
||
was accepted as valid by Donald L. Frizzell (
|
||
<date id="E53D93BFFFA8FFC4FF0BFD6FFEEAFCF9" box="[251,380,764,789]" pageId="6" value="1906" valueMax="1972">1906–1972</date>
|
||
) and his wife Harriet Exline (
|
||
<date id="E53D93BFFFA8FFC4FD37FD6FFCDCFCF9" box="[711,842,764,789]" pageId="6" value="1909" valueMax="1968">1909–1968</date>
|
||
), but is unequivocally a younger synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FAB8FD6FFEEEFCD4" authority="Schlumberger, 1890" authorityName="Schlumberger" authorityYear="1890" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FAB8FD6FFA0AFCF9" box="[1352,1436,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia</emphasis>
|
||
Schlumberger, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FE4FFC8CFD52FCD4" author="Frizzell" box="[447,708,799,824]" pageId="6" refString="Frizzell, D. L. & Exline, H. (1956) Monograph of Fossil Holothurian Sclerites. School of Mines and Metallurgy, Bulletin (Technical Series), 89 [1955], vii + 204 pp." type="book" year="1956">Frizzell & Exline 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 114).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="913CB57FFFA8FFC4FF37FCD6FAADFC48" blockId="6.[151,1436,583,933]" pageId="6">
|
||
In conclusion,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FE83FCD7FDE4FCB0" authority="Ludwig, 1889" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1889" box="[371,626,836,861]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FE83FCD7FE51FCB1" box="[371,455,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia</emphasis>
|
||
Ludwig, 1889
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be a
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FCC7FCD6FC4EFCB1" box="[823,984,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="6">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FBECFCD7FA8DFCB0" authority="Ludwig, 1891" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1891" box="[1052,1307,836,861]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FBECFCD7FBE6FCB1" box="[1052,1136,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia</emphasis>
|
||
Ludwig, 1891
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FEC5FCF4FDECFC6C" authority="Schlumberger, 1890" authorityName="Schlumberger" authorityYear="1890" box="[309,634,871,896]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FEC5FCF4FE1FFC6C" box="[309,393,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia</emphasis>
|
||
Schlumberger, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FD05FCF4FC3DFC6C" authority="Ludwig" authorityName="Ludwig" box="[757,939,871,896]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Chiridotidae" genus="Theelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FD05FCF4FCDFFC6C" box="[757,841,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="6">Theelia</emphasis>
|
||
Ludwig
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FB3FFCFBFA0AFC6C" authority="Gistel, 1848" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[1231,1436,871,896]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Ceto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FB3FFCFBFA92FC93" box="[1231,1284,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="6">Ceto</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FAFFFCF4FA0AFC6C" author="Gistel" box="[1295,1436,871,896]" pageId="6" refString="Gistel, J. (1848) Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs fur hohere Schulen. Hoffmann, Stuttgart, xvi + 216 pp." type="book" year="1848">Gistel, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. p.),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FF18FC1FFE71FC49" authority="Selenka, 1867" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" box="[232,487,908,933]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Stolinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FF18FC1FFED6FC49" box="[232,320,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="6">Stolinus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FEB9FC1FFE71FC49" author="Selenka" box="[329,487,908,933]" pageId="6" refString="Selenka, E. (1867) Nachtrag zu den Beitragen zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 18 (1), 109 - 119, pl. VIII." type="journal article" year="1867">Selenka, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. p.),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FDB0FC1FFCD6FC48" authority="Bell, 1883" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1883" box="[576,832,908,933]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Hypopsolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FDB0FC1FFD52FC49" box="[576,708,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="6">Hypopsolus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FD3BFC1FFCD6FC48" author="Bell" box="[715,832,908,933]" pageId="6" refString="Bell, F. J. (1883) Studies in the Holothuroidea. - I. On the Genus Psolus and the Forms allied therto. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, [1882] (IV), 641 - 650, pls. XLVIII." type="proceedings paper" year="1883">Bell, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. p.), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5683CEFCFFA8FFC4FC38FC1FFB7CFC49" authority="Ludwig, 1886" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1886" box="[968,1258,908,933]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3F7696DFFA8FFC4FC38FC1FFBAFFC49" box="[968,1081,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="6">Psolidium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F512C88EFFA8FFC4FBB0FC1FFB7CFC49" author="Ludwig" box="[1088,1258,908,933]" pageId="6" refString="Ludwig, H. (1886 a) Die von G. Chierchia auf der Fahrt der Kgl. Ital. Corvette " Vettor Pisani " gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Zeitschrift fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 2 (II), 1 - 36, pls. I - II." type="journal article" year="1886" yearSuffix="a">Ludwig, 1886a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. p.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |