treatments-xml/data/F4/66/87/F46687CDFFE2FFED147ED8D27C743ADF.xml

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<mods:title id="BACB64749EFED96601E9EFE5A212C4F0">Japanese Pseudosmittia Edwards (Diptera: Chironomidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9D3995ECB127D2AB7F347F2022119EA0">Saether, Ole A.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="34D56550FFE2FFF1147ED8D27AB33DE7" box="[264,693,1420,1447]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE2FFF1147ED8D27AB33DE7" blockId="14.[264,693,1420,1481]" box="[264,693,1420,1447]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="273881B7FFE2FFF1147ED8D27AB33DE7" bold="true" box="[264,693,1420,1447]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFE2FFF1147ED8D27AB33DE7" ID-CoL="4PBLY" authority="(Tokunaga)" authorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[264,693,1420,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littoralis">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE2FFF1147ED8D27AB33DE7" bold="true" box="[264,693,1420,1447]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE2FFF1147ED8D27A1B3DE6" bold="true" box="[264,541,1421,1447]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Pseudosmittia littoralis</emphasis>
(Tokunaga)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFE2FFF1147ED8F079A23D88" box="[264,420,1455,1481]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE2FFF1147ED8F079A23D88" blockId="14.[264,693,1420,1481]" box="[264,420,1455,1481]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
(
<figureCitation id="E4F42A5EFFE2FFF11467D8F0799D3D88" box="[273,411,1455,1481]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–13" captionStartId="17.[264,383,1323,1347]" captionTargetBox="[94,1297,286,1306]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[284,1309,296,1320]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 10–13. Pseudosmittia spp., male imagines. 10–11. P. littoralis (Tokunaga), wing (10), hypopygium (11), both from Tokunaga (1936). 12. P. mathildae Albu (holotype of P. amamibifurca Sasa), hypopygium. 13. P. nishiharaensis Sasa et Hasegawa (holotype), hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646341/files/figure.svg" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Figs. 10, 11</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFE2FFF1147ED8A07C4A3E77" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE2FFF1147ED8A07B3B3E57" blockId="14.[264,1100,1535,1623]" box="[264,829,1535,1558]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5CDF11F5FFE2FFF1147ED8A07B3B3E57" box="[264,829,1535,1558]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFE2FFF1147ED8A07B3F3E57" ID-CoL="8F3GG" authority="Tokunaga, 1936: 303" authorityName="Tokunaga" authorityPageNumber="303" authorityYear="1936" box="[264,825,1535,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Spaniotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littoralis" subGenus="Smittia">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE2FFF1147ED8A07A483E57" box="[264,590,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Spaniotoma (Smittia) littoralis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFE2FFF11722D8A07B3F3E57" author="Tokunaga, M." box="[596,825,1535,1558]" page="303" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE2FFF11722D8A07B053E57" author="Tokunaga, M." box="[596,771,1535,1558]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="303 - 321" refId="ref14907" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1936) Chironomidae from Japan (Diptera) VIII. Marine or seashore Spaniotoma, with description of the immature forms of Spaniotoma nemelione sp. nov. and Tanytarsus boodleae Tokunaga. Phillipine Journal of Science, 60, 303 - 321." type="journal article" year="1936">Tokunaga, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 303
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE2FFF1147EDB7F7C4A3E77" blockId="14.[264,1100,1535,1623]" box="[264,1100,1567,1591]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFE2FFF1147EDB7F7AEC3E77" authority="(Tokunaga)" authorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" box="[264,746,1567,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Smittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littoralis" subGenus="Pseudosmittia">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE2FFF1147EDB7F7A633E76" box="[264,613,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Smittia (Pseudosmittia) littoralis</emphasis>
(Tokunaga)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE2FFF11783DB407BC23E77" author="Goetghebuer, M." box="[757,964,1567,1590]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 208" refId="ref12959" refString="Goetghebuer, M. (1940 - 1950) Subfamilie Orthocladiinae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 13 (g), 1 - 208, pl. i-xxiv." type="book chapter" year="1940">Goetghebuer (1940</bibRefCitation>
–1950: 107).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFE2FFF1147EDB1F7B843E17" box="[264,898,1599,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE2FFF1147EDB1F7B843E17" blockId="14.[264,1100,1535,1623]" box="[264,898,1599,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5CDF11F5FFE2FFF1147EDB1F7B843E17" box="[264,898,1599,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFE2FFF1147EDB1F7A803E17" ID-CoL="4PBLY" authority="(Tokunaga)" authorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[264,646,1599,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littoralis">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE2FFF1147EDB1F7A073E16" box="[264,513,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Pseudosmittia littoralis</emphasis>
(Tokunaga)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFE2FFF117E7DB607B793E17" author="Yamamoto, M." box="[657,895,1599,1622]" page="89" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE2FFF117E7DB607B793E17" author="Yamamoto, M." box="[657,895,1599,1622]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref15059" refString="Yamamoto, M. (2004) A catalog of Japanese Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Makunagi, Acta Dipterologica, 21, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="2004">Yamamoto (2004: 89)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFE2FFF0147EDBD7796D39EF" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE2FFF1147EDBD77C343EB0" blockId="14.[264,1322,1672,1777]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE2FFF1147EDBD779AF3EE0" box="[264,425,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Type material</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="CCA73C86FFE2FFF1144EDBF07C343EB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236573188" collectingDate="1934-07-05" collectingDateMax="1934-08-06" collectingDateMin="1934-07-05" collectionCode="KU" collectorName="Ukijama &amp; M. Tokunaga" country="Japan" location="Seto" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Wakayama" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFE2FFF1144EDBF079853E89" box="[312,387,1711,1737]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
: 
<typeStatus id="A3748879FFE2FFF114ECDBF07A013E88" box="[410,519,1711,1737]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
lost, 
<typeStatus id="A3748879FFE2FFF11723DBF07AC33E88" box="[597,709,1711,1737]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<collectingRegion id="BE0BF839FFE2FFF117A2DBF07BD93E88" box="[724,991,1711,1737]" country="Japan" name="Wakayama" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Wakayama Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="79106000FFE2FFF11685DBF07C2C3E88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F46687CDFFE2FFED147ED8D27C743ADF:79106000FFE2FFF11685DBF07C2C3E88" box="[1011,1066,1711,1737]" country="Japan" name="Seto" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Wakayama">Seto</location>
, 
<date id="0871101BFFE2FFF1114BDBF07CB23E88" box="[1085,1204,1711,1737]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" value="1934-07-05">
<collectingDate id="1835E9F3FFE2FFF1114BDBF07CB23E88" box="[1085,1204,1711,1737]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" value="1934-07-05">5.vii.1934</collectingDate>
</date>
and 
<collectingRegion id="BE0BF839FFE2FFF1118DDBF079853EB0" country="Japan" name="Mie" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Mie Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFE2FFF114F9DB8879F13EB0" box="[399,503,1751,1777]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Ukijama</collectorName>
, 
<date id="0871101BFFE2FFF11775DB887A823EB0" box="[515,644,1751,1777]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" value="1934-08-06">
<collectingDate id="1835E9F3FFE2FFF11775DB887A823EB0" box="[515,644,1751,1777]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" value="1934-08-06">6.viii.1934</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFE2FFF117E6DB887B2A3EB0" box="[656,812,1751,1777]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">M. Tokunaga</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="1ADEAE1EFFE2FFF1164DDB887B6E3EB0" box="[827,872,1751,1777]" country="USA" name="Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="University or college">KU</collectionCode>
) (not examined).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE2FFF0147EDA77796D39EF" blockId="14.[264,1321,1832,1897]" lastBlockId="15.[264,1323,284,430]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE2FFF1147EDA777A0B3F00" box="[264,525,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
The male imago can be separated from other members of the genus by the combination of a strong apical seta on the antenna and an inferior volsella more triangular than in 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFE3FFF01413DC1B7B09391F" authority="(Kieffer)" authorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" box="[357,783,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthostola">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE3FFF01413DC1B7A9B391C" box="[357,669,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Pseudosmittia xanthostola</emphasis>
(Kieffer)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFE3FFF0163ADC1B7C87391F" authority="(Edwards)" authorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[844,1153,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevifurcata">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE3FFF0163ADC1B7BFC391C" box="[844,1018,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">P. brevifurcata</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</taxonomicName>
. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE3FFF0147EDC337AA839C7" author="Tokunaga, M." box="[264,686,364,390]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="303 - 321" refId="ref14907" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1936) Chironomidae from Japan (Diptera) VIII. Marine or seashore Spaniotoma, with description of the immature forms of Spaniotoma nemelione sp. nov. and Tanytarsus boodleae Tokunaga. Phillipine Journal of Science, 60, 303 - 321." type="journal article" year="1936">Tokunaga (1936: plate viii, fig. 5)</bibRefCitation>
it also may have an accessory lobe of the inferior volsella.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFE3FFF0147EDC8879EC3DD0" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0147EDC88799439B1" blockId="15.[264,1324,471,1425]" box="[264,402,471,496]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE3FFF0147EDC88799439B1" box="[264,402,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0144EDCA07AC23AF8" blockId="15.[264,1324,471,1425]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
Male. No 
<typeStatus id="A3748879FFE3FFF014D8DCA079E73A58" box="[430,481,511,537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
material was available for loan, but the description by 
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE3FFF01112DCA07D2A3A58" author="Tokunaga, M." box="[1124,1324,511,537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="303 - 321" refId="ref14907" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1936) Chironomidae from Japan (Diptera) VIII. Marine or seashore Spaniotoma, with description of the immature forms of Spaniotoma nemelione sp. nov. and Tanytarsus boodleae Tokunaga. Phillipine Journal of Science, 60, 303 - 321." type="journal article" year="1936">Tokunaga (1936)</bibRefCitation>
is reasonably complete. He gives the total length as about 
<quantity id="BB379B3EFFE3FFF016BCDF787C213A00" box="[970,1063,551,577]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
and the coloration as dull black with brownish black abdomen, antennal ratio as 0.5–0.8 (0.6), temporals apparently consisting of outer verticals only, clypeus with 6 or 7 setae, and relative lengths of four last palpomeres as 6:15:17:28.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0144EDF987A133B70" blockId="15.[264,1324,471,1425]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">The median antepronotal lobes are reduced medially, with 2 lateral antepronotal setae; dorsocentrals probably relatively numerous since they are biserial in front; prealars 6–7; scutellum with 6 setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0144EDE607D223BC5" blockId="15.[264,1324,471,1425]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
The wing as illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE3FFF01708DE607B9B3B18" author="Tokunaga, M." box="[638,925,831,857]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="303 - 321" refId="ref14907" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1936) Chironomidae from Japan (Diptera) VIII. Marine or seashore Spaniotoma, with description of the immature forms of Spaniotoma nemelione sp. nov. and Tanytarsus boodleae Tokunaga. Phillipine Journal of Science, 60, 303 - 321." type="journal article" year="1936">Tokunaga (1936: fig. 1)</bibRefCitation>
is shown in 
<figureCitation id="E4F42A5EFFE3FFF0114ADE607C903B18" box="[1084,1174,831,857]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–13" captionStartId="17.[264,383,1323,1347]" captionTargetBox="[94,1297,286,1306]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[284,1309,296,1320]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 10–13. Pseudosmittia spp., male imagines. 10–11. P. littoralis (Tokunaga), wing (10), hypopygium (11), both from Tokunaga (1936). 12. P. mathildae Albu (holotype of P. amamibifurca Sasa), hypopygium. 13. P. nishiharaensis Sasa et Hasegawa (holotype), hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646341/files/figure.svg" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
. The VR 
<subScript id="E04B349EFFE3FFF01072DE107D0A3B1C" attach="left" box="[1284,1292,847,861]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">1</subScript>
is about 1.65, VR 
<subScript id="E04B349EFFE3FFF014CDDE2579C53BC9" attach="left" box="[443,451,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">2</subScript>
about 1.25, anal lobe obtuse, costa not extended and Cu 
<subScript id="E04B349EFFE3FFF01122DE257C5A3BC9" attach="left" box="[1108,1116,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">1</subScript>
slightly sinuous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0144EDECB7C4A3B97" blockId="15.[264,1324,471,1425]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
The middle tibia carries only one apical spur, the hind tibial comb consists of 12–14 setae. The relative lengths of the leg segments (fe to ta 
<subScript id="E04B349EFFE3FFF016F1DE937B893B9B" attach="right" box="[903,911,972,986]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">5</subScript>
) are as follows:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0144EDEB87AF13C40" blockId="15.[264,1324,471,1425]" box="[312,759,999,1025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fore leg: 19.5: 19.5: 13.5: 7: 4.5: 3: 3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0144ED9507AA93C68" blockId="15.[264,1324,471,1425]" box="[312,687,1039,1065]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Mid leg: 20: 20: 11: 6: 4.5: 3: 3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0144ED9687AA23C10" blockId="15.[264,1324,471,1425]" box="[312,676,1079,1105]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Hind leg: 22: 22: 14: 7: 7: 3: 3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0144ED9007CE93CB0" blockId="15.[264,1324,471,1425]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
The hypopygium as illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE3FFF017AED9007BF13C38" author="Tokunaga, M." box="[728,1015,1119,1145]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="303 - 321" refId="ref14907" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1936) Chironomidae from Japan (Diptera) VIII. Marine or seashore Spaniotoma, with description of the immature forms of Spaniotoma nemelione sp. nov. and Tanytarsus boodleae Tokunaga. Phillipine Journal of Science, 60, 303 - 321." type="journal article" year="1936">Tokunaga (1936: fig. 5)</bibRefCitation>
is reproduced in 
<figureCitation id="E4F42A5EFFE3FFF011B9D9007D213C38" box="[1231,1319,1119,1145]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–13" captionStartId="17.[264,383,1323,1347]" captionTargetBox="[94,1297,286,1306]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[284,1309,296,1320]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 10–13. Pseudosmittia spp., male imagines. 10–11. P. littoralis (Tokunaga), wing (10), hypopygium (11), both from Tokunaga (1936). 12. P. mathildae Albu (holotype of P. amamibifurca Sasa), hypopygium. 13. P. nishiharaensis Sasa et Hasegawa (holotype), hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646341/files/figure.svg" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
. The anal point is triangular with straight sides, pointed, and apparently with about 20 lateral setae. The phallapodeme, sternapodeme and virga are unknown. The inferior volsella is placed posterior on the gonocoxite, and apparently with an accessory lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0144ED9A079EC3DD0" blockId="15.[264,1324,471,1425]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
Female, pupa and larva: The female is inadequately described by 
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE3FFF0112ED9A07D213D58" author="Tokunaga, M." box="[1112,1319,1279,1305]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="303 - 321" refId="ref14907" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1936) Chironomidae from Japan (Diptera) VIII. Marine or seashore Spaniotoma, with description of the immature forms of Spaniotoma nemelione sp. nov. and Tanytarsus boodleae Tokunaga. Phillipine Journal of Science, 60, 303 - 321." type="journal article" year="1936">Tokunaga (1936)</bibRefCitation>
. However, according to 
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE3FFF01759D8787B443D00" author="Tokunaga, M." box="[559,834,1319,1345]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="485 - 628" refId="ref14956" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1964) Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Chironomidae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 12, 485 - 628." type="journal article" year="1964">Tokunaga (1964: 520)</bibRefCitation>
the gonocoxite has horn­like posterior extensions, i.e. similar to 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFE3FFF01744D80F7C7E3D28" authority="(Tokunaga) (Tokunaga 1964: fig. 7 e" authorityName="Tokunaga" authorityYear="1964" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[562,1144,1359,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guamensis">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE3FFF01744D80F7ACF3D28" box="[562,713,1360,1385]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">P. guamensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE3FFF017AED8107C263D28" author="Tokunaga, M." box="[728,1056,1359,1385]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="485 - 628" refId="ref14956" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1964) Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Chironomidae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 12, 485 - 628." type="journal article" year="1964">Tokunaga) (Tokunaga 1964</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7e
</taxonomicName>
). The pupa and larva are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFE3FFF0147ED8E27ADE3F08" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0147ED8E27A2A3D97" blockId="15.[264,1323,1469,1655]" box="[264,556,1469,1494]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE3FFF0147ED8E27A2A3D97" box="[264,556,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0144ED8BA79553E36" blockId="15.[264,1323,1469,1655]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE3FFF01496D8BA7AED3DBE" author="Tokunaga, M." box="[480,747,1509,1535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="303 - 321" refId="ref14907" refString="Tokunaga, M. (1936) Chironomidae from Japan (Diptera) VIII. Marine or seashore Spaniotoma, with description of the immature forms of Spaniotoma nemelione sp. nov. and Tanytarsus boodleae Tokunaga. Phillipine Journal of Science, 60, 303 - 321." type="journal article" year="1936">Tokunaga (1936: 303)</bibRefCitation>
the species was swarming in the evening on a gravelly seashore, about 
<quantity id="BB379B3EFFE3FFF01758DB527A7E3E66" box="[558,632,1549,1575]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
above the ground and usually above the zone of the hightide mark. The species is known only from the Pacific coast of Kii Peninsula, Honshu, 
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFE3FFF0147EDB0279493E36" box="[264,335,1629,1655]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0147EDB957A713EA5" blockId="15.[264,631,1738,1799]" box="[264,631,1738,1764]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFE3FFF0147EDB957A713EA5" authority="Albu" authorityName="Albu" authorityYear="1968" box="[264,631,1738,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mathildae">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE3FFF0147EDB957A713EA5" bold="true" box="[264,631,1738,1764]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE3FFF0147EDB957A373EA5" bold="true" box="[264,561,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Pseudosmittia mathildae</emphasis>
Albu
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0147EDBB279683F46" blockId="15.[264,631,1738,1799]" box="[264,366,1773,1799]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
(
<figureCitation id="E4F42A5EFFE3FFF01467DBB279633F46" box="[273,357,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–13" captionStartId="17.[264,383,1323,1347]" captionTargetBox="[94,1297,286,1306]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[284,1309,296,1320]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 10–13. Pseudosmittia spp., male imagines. 10–11. P. littoralis (Tokunaga), wing (10), hypopygium (11), both from Tokunaga (1936). 12. P. mathildae Albu (holotype of P. amamibifurca Sasa), hypopygium. 13. P. nishiharaensis Sasa et Hasegawa (holotype), hypopygium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646341/files/figure.svg" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0147EDA6D7ADE3F08" blockId="15.[264,728,1842,1897]" box="[264,728,1842,1865]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5CDF11F5FFE3FFF0147EDA6D7ADE3F08" box="[264,728,1842,1865]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE3FFF0147EDA6D79AA3F08" box="[264,428,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
? 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFE3FFF01464DA6D79AA3F08" ID-CoL="9G2R2" authorityName="Edwards. This" authorityYear="1932" box="[274,428,1842,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudosmittia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
sp. B 
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFE3FFF01487DA6D7AD23F08" author="Strenzke, K." box="[497,724,1842,1865]" page="309" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE3FFF01487DA6D7AD23F08" author="Strenzke, K." box="[497,724,1842,1865]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="207 - 414" refId="ref14852" refString="Strenzke, K. (1950) Systematik, Morphologie und Okologie der terrestrischen Chironomiden. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement, 18, 207 - 414." type="journal article" year="1950">Strenzke (1950: 309)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFE3FFEF147EDA0D7A1F3A12" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFE3FFF0147EDA0D7AB73F28" blockId="15.[264,728,1842,1897]" box="[264,689,1874,1897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5CDF11F5FFE3FFF0147EDA0D7AB73F28" box="[264,689,1874,1897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFE3FFF0147EDA0D7AAB3F28" ID-CoL="4PBM5" authority="Albu, 1968: 4" authorityName="Albu" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1968" box="[264,685,1874,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mathildae">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFE3FFF0147EDA0D7A163F28" box="[264,528,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Pseudosmittia mathildae</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFE3FFF01761DA0D7AAB3F28" author="Albu, P." box="[535,685,1874,1897]" page="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFE3FFF01761DA0D7A953F28" author="Albu, P." box="[535,659,1874,1897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" pagination="4 - 5" refId="ref12427" refString="Albu, P. (1968) Pseudosmittia mathildae sp. n. (Diptera, Chironomidae). Annales Zoologici Fennici, 5, 4 - 5." type="journal article" year="1968">Albu, 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 4
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDC437C8E3972" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" box="[264,1160,284,307]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5CDF11F5FFFCFFEF147EDC437C8E3972" box="[264,1160,284,307]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF147EDC437B3D3972" ID-CoL="4PBLK" authority="Sasa et Kawai, 1987: 54" authorityName="Sasa et Kawai" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1987" box="[264,827,284,307]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itachibifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDC437A293972" box="[264,559,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Pseudosmittia itachibifurca</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFFCFFEF1743DC437B3D3972" author="Sasa, M. &amp; Kawai, K." box="[565,827,284,307]" page="54" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF1743DC437B153972" author="Sasa, M. &amp; Kawai, K." box="[565,787,284,307]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="25 - 72" refId="ref14230" refString="Sasa, M. &amp; Kawai, K. (1987) Studies on the chironomid midges of the stream Itachigawa, Toyama. Bulletin of Toyama Science Museum, 10, 25 - 72." type="journal article" year="1987">
Sasa 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF171BDC437A863972" box="[621,640,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">et</emphasis>
Kawai, 1987
</bibRefCitation>
: 54
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFFCFFEF1630DC437C323972" author="Yamamoto, M." box="[838,1076,284,307]" page="87" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF1630DC437C323972" author="Yamamoto, M." box="[838,1076,284,307]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref15059" refString="Yamamoto, M. (2004) A catalog of Japanese Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Makunagi, Acta Dipterologica, 21, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="2004">Yamamoto (2004: 87)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Syn. n.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDC637D2D3912" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" box="[264,1323,316,339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5CDF11F5FFFCFFEF147EDC637D2D3912" box="[264,1323,316,339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF147EDC637AFC3912" ID-CoL="92WNV" authority="Sasa, 1990 a: 132" authorityName="Sasa" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="1990" box="[264,762,316,339]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amamibifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDC637A3C3912" box="[264,570,316,339]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Pseudosmittia amamibifurca</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFFCFFEF1737DC637AFC3912" author="Sasa, M." box="[577,762,316,339]" page="132" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF1737DC637AC23912" author="Sasa, M." box="[577,708,316,339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="111 - 165" refId="ref13755" refString="Sasa, M. (1990 a) Studies on the chironomid midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) of the Nansei Islands, southern Japan. Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine, 60, 111 - 165." type="journal article" year="1990">Sasa, 1990a</bibRefCitation>
: 132
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFFCFFEF1673DC637C593912" author="Saether, O. A. &amp; Ferrington, L. C. Jr" box="[773,1119,316,339]" page="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF1673DC637C593912" author="Saether, O. A. &amp; Ferrington, L. C. Jr" box="[773,1119,316,339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" refId="ref13621" refString="Saether, O. A. &amp; Ferrington, L. C. Jr (2003) Nomenclature notes on some orthoclads (Diptera: Chi-" type="book" year="2003">Saether and Ferrington (2003: 3)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF111CDC637D2D3912" author="Yamamoto, M." box="[1130,1323,316,339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref15059" refString="Yamamoto, M. (2004) A catalog of Japanese Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Makunagi, Acta Dipterologica, 21, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="2004">Yamamoto (2004:</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF144EDC037A7E3932" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" box="[312,632,348,371]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
87) as syn. of 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF14B8DC037A743932" ID-CoL="4PBLK" authorityName="Sasa et Kawai" authorityYear="1987" box="[462,626,348,371]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itachibifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF14B8DC037A743932" box="[462,626,348,371]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">P. itachibifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDC237D1C39D2" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" box="[264,1306,380,403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5CDF11F5FFFCFFEF147EDC237D1C39D2" box="[264,1306,380,403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF147EDC237AF339D2" ID-CoL="4PBNJ" authority="(Edwards, 1929: 364)" authorityName="Edwards" authorityPageNumber="364" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityPageNumber="364" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[264,757,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilobata">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDC237A0439D2" box="[264,514,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Pseudosmittia trilobata</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFFCFFEF1767DC237AEB39D2" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[529,749,380,403]" page="364" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF1767DC237AEB39D2" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[529,749,380,403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="279 - 430" refId="ref12704" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1929) British non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 77, 279 - 430." type="journal article" year="1929">Edwards, 1929: 364</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFFCFFEF1676DC237BDB39D2" author="Langton, P." box="[768,989,380,403]" page="173" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF1676DC237BAE39D2" author="Langton, P." box="[768,936,380,403]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref13177" refString="Langton, P. (1991) A key to pupal exuviae of West Palaearctic Chironomidae. P. H. Langton, Huntingdon, UK, pp. 1 - 386." type="book chapter" year="1991">Langton, (1991</bibRefCitation>
: 173
</treatmentCitation>
), pro parte, misidentification.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDCC37A1F3992" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5CDF11F5FFFCFFEF147EDCC37D2F39F2" box="[264,1321,412,435]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF147EDCC37B8939F2" ID-CoL="4PBKY" authority="Sasa et Arakawa, 1994: 100" authorityName="Sasa et Arakawa" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="1994" box="[264,911,412,435]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furudobifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDCC37A3839F2" box="[264,574,412,435]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Pseudosmittia furudobifurca</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFFCFFEF173DDCC37B8939F2" author="Sasa, M. &amp; Arakawa, R." box="[587,911,412,435]" page="100" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF173DDCC37B5239F2" author="Sasa, M. &amp; Arakawa, R." box="[587,852,412,435]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="88 - 109" refId="ref14130" refString="Sasa, M. &amp; Arakawa, R. (1994) Studies on the chironomid midges collected in Toyama and other areas of Japan, 1994. Part 3. Seasonal changes of chironomid species emerging from Lake Furudo. Research Report from Toyama Prefectural Environmental Pollution Research Centre, 1994, 88 - 109." type="journal article" year="1994">
Sasa 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF17FEDCC37A9D39F2" box="[648,667,412,435]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">et</emphasis>
Arakawa, 1994
</bibRefCitation>
: 100
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFFCFFEF16E9DCC37C9339F2" author="Yamamoto, M." box="[927,1173,412,435]" page="88" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF16E9DCC37C9339F2" author="Yamamoto, M." box="[927,1173,412,435]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref15059" refString="Yamamoto, M. (2004) A catalog of Japanese Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Makunagi, Acta Dipterologica, 21, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="2004">Yamamoto (2004: 88)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
as syn of 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF1061DCC37D2F39F2" ID-CoL="4PBLK" authorityName="Sasa et Kawai" authorityYear="1987" box="[1303,1321,412,435]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itachibifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF1061DCC37D2F39F2" box="[1303,1321,412,435]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF144EDCE379C63992" box="[312,448,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">itachibifurca</emphasis>
. Syn. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDC837D2D39B2" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" box="[264,1323,476,499]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5CDF11F5FFFCFFEF147EDC837D2D39B2" box="[264,1323,476,499]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF147EDC837AD839B2" ID-CoL="4PBLC" authority="Sasa, 1993: 80" authorityName="Sasa" authorityPageNumber="80" authorityYear="1993" box="[264,734,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibaribifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDC837A3239B2" box="[264,564,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Pseudosmittia hibaribifurca</emphasis>
Sasa, 1993: 80
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFFCFFEF179DDC837BDE39B2" author="Yamamoto, M." box="[747,984,476,499]" page="88" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF179DDC837BDE39B2" author="Yamamoto, M." box="[747,984,476,499]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref15059" refString="Yamamoto, M. (2004) A catalog of Japanese Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Makunagi, Acta Dipterologica, 21, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="2004">Yamamoto (2004: 88)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
as syn of 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF113EDC837CED39B2" ID-CoL="4PBLK" authorityName="Sasa et Kawai" authorityYear="1987" box="[1096,1259,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itachibifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF113EDC837CED39B2" box="[1096,1259,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">P. itachibifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Syn.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF144EDCA3794A3A52" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" box="[312,332,508,531]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">n.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDF437A1F3A12" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5CDF11F5FFFCFFEF147EDF437D2F3A72" box="[264,1321,540,563]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF147EDF437BAF3A72" ID-CoL="4PBN2" authority="Sasa, 1998 a: 42" authorityName="Sasa" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1998" box="[264,937,540,563]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shofukuundecima" subGenus="Nikismittia">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDF437AF43A72" box="[264,754,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Pseudosmittia (Nikismittia) shofukuundecima</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFFCFFEF178CDF437BAF3A72" author="Sasa, M." box="[762,937,540,563]" page="42" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF178CDF437B863A72" author="Sasa, M." box="[762,896,540,563]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="14 - 69" refId="ref14036" refString="Sasa, M. (1998 a) Studies on the Chironomidae of Japan. Part 1. Studies on the chironomids collected throughout the year in the Shofuku Garden, near the mouth of Kurobe River, Toyama. Bulletin of Toyama Prefectural Environmental Science Research Centre, 25, 14 - 69." type="journal article" year="1998">Sasa, 1998a</bibRefCitation>
: 42
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFFCFFEF16C0DF437CA53A72" author="Yamamoto, M." box="[950,1187,540,563]" page="88" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF16C0DF437CA53A72" author="Yamamoto, M." box="[950,1187,540,563]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref15059" refString="Yamamoto, M. (2004) A catalog of Japanese Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Makunagi, Acta Dipterologica, 21, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="2004">Yamamoto (2004: 88)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
as syn of 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF1061DF437D2F3A72" ID-CoL="4PBLK" authorityName="Sasa et Kawai" authorityYear="1987" box="[1303,1321,540,563]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itachibifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF1061DF437D2F3A72" box="[1303,1321,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF144EDF6379C63A12" box="[312,448,572,595]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">itachibifurca</emphasis>
. Syn. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFFCFFEF147EDF037C163AD2" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDF037B973A32" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" box="[264,913,604,627]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF147EDF037A733A32" authority="(Sasa)" authorityName="Sasa" baseAuthorityName="Sasa" box="[264,629,604,627]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Diplosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amamibifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDF037A2F3A32" box="[264,553,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Diplosmittia amamibifurca</emphasis>
(Sasa)
</taxonomicName>
; Saether 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF17A7DF037B013A32" box="[721,775,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
(2000: 185).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDF237C163AD2" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" box="[264,1040,636,659]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5CDF11F5FFFCFFEF147EDF237C163AD2" box="[264,1040,636,659]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF147EDF237AF23AD2" authority="(Sasa et Arakawa)" authorityName="Sasa et Arakawa" baseAuthorityName="Sasa et Arakawa" box="[264,756,636,659]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Diplosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furudobifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDF237A213AD2" box="[264,551,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Diplosmittia furudobifurca</emphasis>
(Sasa 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF1718DF237A873AD2" box="[622,641,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">et</emphasis>
Arakawa)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="FD6E10CAFFFCFFEF1789DF237C053AD2" author="Saether, O. A. &amp; Ashe, P. &amp; Murray, D. E." box="[767,1027,636,659]" page="185" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFCFFEF1789DF237BC83AD2" author="Saether, O. A. &amp; Ashe, P. &amp; Murray, D. E." box="[767,974,636,659]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" pagination="113 - 334" refId="ref13496" refString="Saether, O. A., Ashe, P. &amp; Murray, D. E. (2000) Family Chironomidae. In: Papp, L. &amp; Darvas, B. (Eds.), Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to the flies of economic importance). Vol. 4. Appendix A. 6. Science Herald, Budapest, pp. 113 - 334." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Saether 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF1626DF237B803AD2" box="[848,902,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
(2000
</bibRefCitation>
: 185
</treatmentCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFFCFFEF147EDFC37B833A92" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDFC37B8E3AF2" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" box="[264,904,668,691]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF147EDFC37B823AF2" authority="(Sasa) Saether et al. (2000: 185)" authorityName="Saether et al." authorityPageNumber="185" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Sasa" box="[264,900,668,691]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Diplosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibarabifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDFC37A213AF2" box="[264,551,668,691]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Diplosmittia hibarabifurca</emphasis>
(Sasa) Saether 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF17BEDFC37AFB3AF2" box="[712,765,668,691]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
(2000: 185)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDFE37B833A92" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" box="[264,901,700,723]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF147EDFE37A6F3A92" authority="(Sasa)" authorityName="Sasa" baseAuthorityName="Sasa" box="[264,617,700,723]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Diplosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itachibifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDFE37A1B3A92" box="[264,541,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Diplosmittia itachibifurca</emphasis>
(Sasa)
</taxonomicName>
; Saether 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF17B3DFE37AFD3A92" box="[709,763,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
(2000: 185).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFFCFFEF147EDF837BB03AB2" box="[264,950,732,755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDF837BB03AB2" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,755]" box="[264,950,732,755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF147EDF837A9D3AB2" authority="(Sasa)" authorityName="Sasa" baseAuthorityName="Sasa" box="[264,667,732,755]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Diplosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shofukuundecima">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDF837A483AB2" box="[264,590,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Diplosmittia shofukuundecima</emphasis>
(Sasa)
</taxonomicName>
; Saether 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF1781DF837B2B3AB2" box="[759,813,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
(2000: 185).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFFCFFEF147EDE407A2B3E8D" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDE4079E03B79" blockId="16.[264,1323,799,1225]" box="[264,486,799,824]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDE4079E03B79" box="[264,486,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF144EDE1879843C88" blockId="16.[264,1323,799,1225]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<materialsCitation id="CCA73C86FFFCFFEF144EDE187C443CE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236573191" collectingDate="1986-04-16" collectingDateMax="1996-04-30" collectingDateMin="1986-04-16" collectionCode="NMST" collectorName="S. Nagai &amp; No. A &amp; M. Sasa &amp; R. Arakawa &amp; Amami-Oshima Is. &amp; S. Hattori &amp; Nos &amp; Material &amp; China &amp; Germany &amp; Italy" country="Japan" county="Honshu" location="Lake Furudo" municipality="Itachigawa River" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Toyama" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFFCFFEF144EDE1879853B1E" box="[312,387,839,865]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingCounty id="95114E57FFFCFFEF14ECDE1879FE3B20" box="[410,504,839,865]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Honshu</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingRegion id="BE0BF839FFFCFFEF177DDE187A6F3B20" box="[523,617,839,865]" country="Japan" name="Toyama" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Toyama</collectingRegion>
Pref., 
<collectingMunicipality id="9C14ACA1FFFCFFEF17B0DE187B9E3B20" box="[710,920,839,865]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Itachigawa River</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<typeStatus id="A3748879FFFCFFEF16DDDE187C173B20" box="[939,1041,839,865]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="6AC9FD52FFFCFFEF1157DE157C353B1B" box="[1057,1075,842,858]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
of 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF111FDE187D2C3B21" box="[1129,1322,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF111FDE187D213B21" baseAuthorityName="Sasa" box="[1129,1319,839,864]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Diplosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itachibifurca">P. itachibifurca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="0871101BFFFCFFEF147EDE3079803BC8" box="[264,390,879,905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" value="1986-04-16">
<collectingDate id="1835E9F3FFFCFFEF147EDE3079803BC8" box="[264,390,879,905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" value="1986-04-16">16.iv.1986</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF14E5DE3079FF3BC8" box="[403,505,879,905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">S. Nagai</collectorName>
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF1774DE307A383BC9" box="[514,574,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="1ADEAE1EFFFCFFEF1738DE307AA43BC8" box="[590,674,879,905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">NMST</collectionCode>
, 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF17D9DE307AF13BC8" box="[687,759,879,905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">No. A</collectorName>
115: 03); Honshu, 
<collectingRegion id="BE0BF839FFFCFFEF16A8DE307C3A3BC8" box="[990,1084,879,905]" country="Japan" name="Toyama" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Toyama</collectingRegion>
Pref., 
<location id="79106000FFFCFFEF11FADE307D213BC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F46687CDFFE2FFED147ED8D27C743ADF:79106000FFFCFFEF11FADE307D213BC8" box="[1164,1319,879,905]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Itachigawa River" name="Lake Furudo" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Toyama">Lake Furudo</location>
, 
<typeStatus id="A3748879FFFCFFEF147EDEC879683BF0" box="[264,366,919,945]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="6AC9FD52FFFCFFEF1401DEC5798F3BEB" box="[375,393,922,938]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
of 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF14C4DEC87A7F3BF1" box="[434,633,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF14C4DEC87A733BF1" baseAuthorityName="Sasa et Arakawa" box="[434,629,919,944]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Diplosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furudobifurca">P. furudobifurca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="0871101BFFFCFFEF17F4DEC87B143BF0" box="[642,786,919,945]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" value="1993-08-23">
<collectingDate id="1835E9F3FFFCFFEF17F4DEC87B143BF0" box="[642,786,919,945]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" value="1993-08-23">23.viii.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF1669DEC87B793BF0" box="[799,895,919,945]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">M. Sasa</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF16D1DEC87C323BF0" box="[935,1076,919,945]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">R. Arakawa</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="1ADEAE1EFFFCFFEF1132DEC87C9E3BF0" box="[1092,1176,919,945]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">NMST</collectionCode>
, 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF11D3DEC87CEB3BF0" box="[1189,1261,919,945]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">No. A</collectorName>
248: 37); Honshu, 
<collectingRegion id="BE0BF839FFFCFFEF14DADEE07A0C3B98" box="[428,522,959,985]" country="Japan" name="Toyama" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Toyama</collectingRegion>
Pref., Kurobe, 
<typeStatus id="A3748879FFFCFFEF17B3DEE07B2A3B98" box="[709,812,959,985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="6AC9FD52FFFCFFEF1643DE9D7B413B93" box="[821,839,962,978]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
of 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF1604DEE07C723B99" box="[882,1140,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF1604DEE07C763B99" box="[882,1136,959,984]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shoufukuundecima">P. shoufukuundecima</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="0871101BFFFCFFEF110BDEE07CFD3B98" box="[1149,1275,959,985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" value="1996-04-30">
<collectingDate id="1835E9F3FFFCFFEF110BDEE07CFD3B98" box="[1149,1275,959,985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" value="1996-04-30">30.iv.1996</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF107FDEE0793B3C40" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">M. Sasa</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="1ADEAE1EFFFCFFEF1424DEB879A03C40" box="[338,422,999,1025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">NMST</collectionCode>
, No. 326: 50); Honshu, 
<collectingRegion id="BE0BF839FFFCFFEF17ACDEB87B5A3C40" box="[730,860,999,1025]" country="Japan" name="Fukushima" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Fukushima</collectingRegion>
Pref., 
<location id="79106000FFFCFFEF16C2DEB87C483C40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F46687CDFFE2FFED147ED8D27C743ADF:79106000FFFCFFEF16C2DEB87C483C40" box="[948,1102,999,1025]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Itachigawa River" name="Lake Hibara" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Toyama">Lake Hibara</location>
, 
<typeStatus id="A3748879FFFCFFEF1129DEB87CC33C40" box="[1119,1221,999,1025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="6AC9FD52FFFCFFEF11A4DEB57CE23BBB" box="[1234,1252,1002,1018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
of 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF1063DEB879B73C69" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF1063DEB879AB3C69" authorityName="Saether et al." authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Sasa" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Diplosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibarabifurca">P. hibarabifurca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="0871101BFFFCFFEF14B2D9507A333C68" box="[452,565,1039,1065]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" value="1991-06-08">
<collectingDate id="1835E9F3FFFCFFEF14B2D9507A333C68" box="[452,565,1039,1065]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" value="1991-06-08">8.vi.1991</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF1738D9507ABE3C68" box="[590,696,1039,1065]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">M. Sasa</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="1ADEAE1EFFFCFFEF17A5D9507B213C68" box="[723,807,1039,1065]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">NMST</collectionCode>
, 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF1648D9507B943C68" box="[830,914,1039,1065]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">No. A</collectorName>
223: 90); Nansei Archipelago, 
<collectingRegion id="BE0BF839FFFCFFEF147ED968798B3C10" box="[264,397,1079,1105]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
Pref., 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF1495D9687ACF3C10" box="[483,713,1079,1105]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Amami­Oshima Is.</collectorName>
, 
<location id="79106000FFFCFFEF17ACD9687BA53C10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F46687CDFFE2FFED147ED8D27C743ADF:79106000FFFCFFEF17ACD9687BA53C10" box="[730,931,1079,1105]" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Itachigawa River" name="Yakkachei River" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Toyama">Yakkachei River</location>
, 
<typeStatus id="A3748879FFFCFFEF16C4D9687C1E3C10" box="[946,1048,1079,1105]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="A3748879FFFCFFEF112FD9687CCF3C10" box="[1113,1225,1079,1105]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="6AC9FD52FFFCFFEF11A2D9657CE03C0B" box="[1236,1254,1082,1098]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
of 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF1063D96879B43C39" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF1063D96879A83C39" baseAuthorityName="Sasa" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Diplosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amamibifurca">P. amamibifurca</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="0871101BFFFCFFEF14B6D9007A563C38" box="[448,592,1119,1145]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" value="1989-null-18">
<collectingDate id="1835E9F3FFFCFFEF14B6D9007A563C38" box="[448,592,1119,1145]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" value="1989-null-18">18.iii.1989</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF1714D9007AC13C38" box="[610,711,1119,1145]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">M. Sasa</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF178FD9007B773C38" box="[761,881,1119,1145]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">S. Hattori</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="1ADEAE1EFFFCFFEF16F1D9007BDD3C38" box="[903,987,1119,1145]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">NMST</collectionCode>
, 
<typeStatus id="A3748879FFFCFFEF169BD9007C5E3C38" box="[1005,1112,1119,1145]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF111FD9007CB13C38" box="[1129,1207,1119,1145]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">No. A</collectorName>
179: 21, 
<typeStatus id="A3748879FFFCFFEF147ED9D8797B3CE0" box="[264,381,1159,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF14FED9D879B13CE0" box="[392,439,1159,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Nos</collectorName>
179: 22–27). 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF172AD9D87AB93CE0" box="[604,703,1159,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Material</collectorName>
from 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF1671D9D87B563CE0" box="[775,848,1159,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">China</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF162DD9D87BCF3CE0" box="[859,969,1159,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Germany</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="D13A530DFFFCFFEF16A0D9D87C0A3CE0" box="[982,1036,1159,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Italy</collectorName>
, and
</materialsCitation>
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFFCFFEF113CD9D87C833CE0" box="[1098,1157,1159,1185]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">USA</collectingCountry>
also has been examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147ED9AB7A0B3D4C" blockId="16.[264,1323,1268,1740]" box="[264,525,1268,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147ED9AB7A0B3D4C" box="[264,525,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF144ED8437A2B3E8D" blockId="16.[264,1323,1268,1740]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
Antenna without apical strong seta. Antepronotal lobes reduced medially, 2 acrostichals, no supraalars. Postcubitus not forked, R 
<subScript id="E04B349EFFFCFFEF16F2D80B7B983D23" attach="left" box="[900,926,1364,1378]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">4+5</subScript>
ending well proximal to apex of M 
<subScript id="E04B349EFFFCFFEF1454D820793A3DCC" attach="left" box="[290,316,1407,1421]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">3+4</subScript>
. Anal point small and triangular, superior volsella absent, inferior volsella with accessory lobe placed well posterior on gonocoxite, gonostylus bilobed. Female without posterolateral projection on gonocoxite, tergite IX divided by median line only, seminal capsule ovoid and relatively dark. Pupa with stronger anterior and posterior shagreen on tergites, with nose on wing sheath, without setae on anal segment, tergite IX with longitudinal ridge carrying 2–3 rows of strong points, genital sac with spinules in both sexes. Larvae with 3 inner teeth on mandible, 4 pairs of lateral teeth on mentum; posterior parapods with 8 claws, 
<quantity id="BB379B3EFFFCFFEF176CDBD57A943EE5" box="[538,658,1674,1700]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 m</quantity>
long; antennal blade longer than basal segment, about as long as the latter is wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFFCFFEF147EDBA7797A3F20" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFCFFEF147EDBA7797A3F20" blockId="16.[264,1322,1784,1889]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF147EDBA779943F50" box="[264,402,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Description</emphasis>
All stages of the species will be redescribed in a world­wide revision of 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFCFFEF11F2DA7F7D2C3F78" authorityName="Edwards. This" authorityYear="1932" box="[1156,1322,1824,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFCFFEF11F2DA7F7D2C3F78" box="[1156,1322,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Pseudosmittia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in prep.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="28B06653FFFDFFEE147ED8747C9E3DC9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2646341/files/figure.svg" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" startId="17.[264,383,1323,1347]" targetBox="[94,1297,286,1306]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFDFFEE147ED8747C9E3DC9" blockId="17.[264,1322,1323,1416]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE147ED87479D63D02" bold="true" box="[264,464,1323,1347]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">FIGURES 10–13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFDFFEE14AFD8747A763D03" authorityName="Edwards. This" authorityYear="1932" box="[473,624,1323,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE14AFD8747A763D03" box="[473,624,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Pseudosmittia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., male imagines. 10–11. 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFDFFEE16C6D8747CAB3D03" authority="(Tokunaga)" authorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityName="Tokunaga" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[944,1197,1323,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littoralis">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE16C6D8747BC23D03" box="[944,964,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">P.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE16BAD8747C2E3D03" box="[972,1064,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">littoralis</emphasis>
(Tokunaga)
</taxonomicName>
, wing (10), hypopygium (11), both from Tokunaga (1936). 12. 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFDFFEE165DD8117BED3D24" authority="Albu" authorityName="Albu" authorityYear="1968" box="[811,1003,1358,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mathildae">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE165DD8117B393D24" box="[811,831,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">P.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE1633D8117BB63D24" box="[837,944,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">mathildae</emphasis>
Albu
</taxonomicName>
(holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFDFFEE110AD811793A3DC9" authority="Sasa" authorityName="Sasa" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Diplosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amamibifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE110AD8117C963D24" box="[1148,1168,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">P.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE11E0D8117D2C3D24" box="[1174,1322,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">amamibifurca</emphasis>
Sasa
</taxonomicName>
), hypopygium. 13. 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFDFFEE177DD82E7B813DC9" authority="Sasa et Hasegawa" authorityName="Sasa et Hasegawa" authorityYear="1988" box="[523,903,1393,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nishiharaensis">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE177DD82E7AC73DC9" box="[523,705,1393,1416]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">P. nishiharaensis</emphasis>
Sasa 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE1789D82E7B143DC9" box="[767,786,1393,1416]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">et</emphasis>
Hasegawa
</taxonomicName>
(holotype), hypopygium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFFDFFEE147ED8B87CF13EDC" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFDFFEE147ED8B8796A3DBC" blockId="17.[264,1324,1508,1893]" box="[264,364,1508,1533]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE147ED8B8796A3DBC" box="[264,364,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFDFFEE144EDB537CF13EDC" blockId="17.[264,1324,1508,1893]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFDFFEE144EDB537A853E64" authorityName="Sasa et Kawai" authorityYear="1987" box="[312,643,1548,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itachibifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE144EDB537A853E64" box="[312,643,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Pseudosmittia itachibifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may represent a different species since the AR was described as 0.64–0.84 and the gonostylus as lacking a megaseta. However, non­Japanese specimens show an AR of 0.42–0.60, and a variation of 0.29–0.84 is not unusual in other species of 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE14F2DBDB7A343EDC" box="[388,562,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFDFFEE14F2DBDB7A283EDC" authorityName="Edwards. This" authorityYear="1932" box="[388,558,1668,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudosmittia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
As shown by 
<bibRefCitation id="185E4B2AFFFDFFEE17AFDBDC7BDC3EDC" author="Yamamoto, M." box="[729,986,1667,1693]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref15059" refString="Yamamoto, M. (2004) A catalog of Japanese Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Makunagi, Acta Dipterologica, 21, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="2004">Yamamoto (2004: 88)</bibRefCitation>
the megaseta is present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFFDFFED144EDBF37C74391C" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFDFFEE144EDBF37C903F54" blockId="17.[264,1324,1508,1893]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFDFFEE144EDBF37A8F3E84" authorityName="Sasa" authorityYear="1990" box="[312,649,1708,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amamibifurca">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE144EDBF37A8F3E84" box="[312,649,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Pseudosmittia amamibifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be regarded as a subspecies since the AR is lower than in other populations and the 
<typeStatus id="A3748879FFFDFFEE17E5DB8C7AC03EAC" box="[659,710,1747,1773]" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
locality (Nansei Archipelago, in the Oceanic (Indo­ Pacific Region) represents the only record from outside the Holarctic Region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFDFFED144EDA7B7C74391C" blockId="17.[264,1324,1508,1893]" lastBlockId="18.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFDFFEE144EDA7B7A5D3F7C" authorityName="Albu" authorityYear="1968" box="[312,603,1828,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mathildae">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFDFFEE144EDA7B7A5D3F7C" box="[312,603,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="38">Pseudosmittia mathildae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from most members of the genus in having a bifurcate gonostylus. For this reason, some past assignments on the basis of the male imago alone have resulted in generic misplacement (see the list of synonyms above). However, the immature stages show the species is an atypical member of 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFEFFED16B2DC1B7C74391C" box="[964,1138,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFEFFED16B2DC1B7C68391C" authorityName="Edwards. This" authorityYear="1932" box="[964,1134,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudosmittia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34D56550FFFEFFED147EDCCB7C743ADF" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFEFFED147EDCCB7A2A39EC" blockId="18.[264,1325,404,670]" box="[264,556,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFEFFED147EDCCB7A2A39EC" box="[264,556,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C7036DBFFFEFFED144EDCE37C743ADF" blockId="18.[264,1325,404,670]" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
The larvae from the 
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFFEFFED175EDCE37A653997" box="[552,611,444,470]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">USA</collectingCountry>
are from moist banks along rivers and streams and the larva mentioned by Strenzke as 
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFEFFED172EDCBB7AF839BC" authorityName="Edwards. This" authorityYear="1932" box="[600,766,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFEFFED172EDCBB7AF839BC" box="[600,766,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Pseudosmittia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. B, which is most likely the larva of 
<emphasis id="4EBBEAC9FFFEFFED1063DCBB79823A64" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="BBCF4D58FFFEFFED1063DCBB79863A64" authorityName="Albu" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mathildae">P. mathildae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
was collected from water­saturated peat in a bog. The species is known from 
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFFEFFED147EDF6B79673A0F" box="[264,353,564,590]" name="Austria" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Austria</collectingCountry>
, southern 
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFFEFFED1496DF6B7A483A0F" box="[480,590,564,590]" name="Germany" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Germany</collectingCountry>
, northern 
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFFEFFED17BADF6B7B053A0F" box="[716,771,564,590]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFFEFFED1664DF6B7B793A0F" box="[786,895,564,590]" name="Romania" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Romania</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFFEFFED16FBDF6B7BD03A0F" box="[909,982,564,590]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFFEFFED1690DF6B7C2F3A0F" box="[998,1065,564,590]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Japan</collectingCountry>
including the Nansei Archipelago, and in the 
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFFEFFED1743DF037A763A37" box="[565,624,604,630]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">USA</collectingCountry>
from 
<collectingRegion id="BE0BF839FFFEFFED17B7DF037B283A37" box="[705,814,604,630]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Alabama</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFFEFFED1648DF037B9A3A37" box="[830,924,604,630]" name="Georgia" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Georgia</collectingCountry>
and South Carolina. One of the samples from 
<collectingCountry id="04D8764BFFFEFFED14D8DFDB79F13ADF" box="[430,503,644,670]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="BE0BF839FFFEFFED1775DFDB7A893ADF" box="[515,655,644,670]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="18" pageNumber="39">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
, is from well within the Oriental Region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>