169 lines
20 KiB
XML
169 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="620BA95DBE03470AE39F72264AFEE3B9" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFACEF0C6A8AFDE5FD4EF97A" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides Piliferus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="111" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="111" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="A7412CB571DE62E430AFA911705508E2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="85A8ACEF2AB494DDE5B28B8D5DC981D6">
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<mods:title id="4B7E31FF5DA1532AC0376344A3CC9E15">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1F85C5407DB0E494FEC11CD229DE1E21" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B1B9C3E2E21ED2D2BD3A6EBEB38B4512">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A9F6BEBAA6905087FB41BCD7E29C58DF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D2FD10D0FCA60CE17103DD0110CC7FF3">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8EB6674F3E7581F38978C79277D971D1">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="368F6E9BB1B8863C13238AD182BD9FC8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="815D919EF051B3FF12AC49D598F1F81F">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="19C5386B5AD276C066D59EC897F373E3">
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<mods:date id="6CDFC541726775F2A5067C1E65CA3B10">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C5F6C6D2669A7B969478E356A611A468" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="0CF4C274129D8EEA03C4AD75ECAD1A12">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="32823B8DEDCC243234AA2A6DF0E3EE80" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D4AD0B062E8A4DB17DD3B32AA3710D0A">2022</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D58DCF4349CC9EADB22CE235650D1BC7" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="8BB12E2931E1E4AA6FC7EC2D170F0B6C">907</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="FD891BAB36D09A97A77720B7AB3D3E51">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="4687EDFCB6A2005E1B78F218AA8292B2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="256457DD5761BB62D90F14E4774F0186" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6F578808E39E50B3B777078CCFDAA0E1" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DF1180F79926BB51129F204BEDC15597" type="Zenodo-Dep">6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="482CA3EE85375EC03E826529B2D19E36" type="ZooBank">CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFACEF0C6A8AFDE5FD4EF97A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFACEF0C6A8AFDE5FD4EF97A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFACEF0C6A8AFDE5FD4EF97A" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFACEF0C6A8AFDE5FEACFD82" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFACEF0C6A8AFDE5FD4BFDA7" blockId="112.[192,647,550,614]" box="[192,647,550,580]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FFACEF0C6A8AFDE5FD4BFDA7" box="[192,647,550,580]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFACEF0C6A8AFDE5FD4BFDA7" bold="true" box="[192,647,550,580]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFACEF0C6A8AFDE5FE75FDA0" ID-CoL="9G2GV" authority="Piliferus" authorityName="Piliferus" box="[192,441,550,580]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFACEF0C6A8AFDE5FE88FDA7" bold="true" box="[192,324,550,579]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Culicoides</emphasis>
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Piliferus
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</taxonomicName>
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group species B
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFACEF0C6A8AFD88FEACFD82" blockId="112.[192,647,550,614]" box="[192,352,587,614]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">(Fig. 233, 266)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFACEF0C6A8AFDB7FE7AFCBD" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFACEF0C6A8AFDB7FE7AFCBD" blockId="112.[191,1440,628,857]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFACEF0C6A8AFDB7FEF1FD6A" bold="true" box="[192,317,628,654]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFACEF0C6B03FDB7FE78FD6B" box="[329,436,628,655]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Tables 14</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFACEF0C6BF7FDB7FE15FD6B" box="[445,473,628,655]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="112" pageNumber="111">15</tableCitation>
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, data from
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<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFACEF0C681CFDB7FCC5FD6B" box="[598,777,628,655]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
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) Dark brown. Wing pattern faint; r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFACEF0C6EDBFD40FB55FD75" attach="left" box="[1169,1177,643,657]" fontSize="6" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">2</subScript>
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dark; faint pale spots at ~0.3 on M
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFACEF0C6B79FD66FEF7FD57" attach="left" box="[307,315,677,691]" fontSize="6" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">1</subScript>
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, at ~0.5 on M
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFACEF0C6B9FFD66FE11FD57" attach="right" box="[469,477,677,691]" fontSize="6" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">2</subScript>
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, distal in r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFACEF0C6819FD66FD97FD57" attach="left" box="[595,603,677,691]" fontSize="6" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">3</subScript>
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, m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFACEF0C6837FD66FD49FD57" attach="left" box="[637,645,677,691]" fontSize="6" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">1</subScript>
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, m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFACEF0C68E2FD66FD7CFD57" attach="left" box="[680,688,677,691]" fontSize="6" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">2</subScript>
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(difficult to see without digital camera); flagellomeres 9–10 normal, each larger than 8; SCo pattern 1, 3, 5, 7–13, occasionally also on 2, 4, or 6 of one antenna; combined length of flagellomeres 7+8 less than 9; palpal sensory pit broad, round, shallow, not enlarged internally; labrum without apical median projection; fore and hind tarsomeres without apical spines; scutellum with 13–14 setae; two ovoid spermathecae unequal by ~1.5, with sclerotized necks <0.2 as long as wide; sclerotized ring on spermathecal duct. Male unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFACEF0C6A8AFCAAFB12FB7D" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFACEF0C6A8AFCAAFCD9FC0C" blockId="112.[191,1441,873,1001]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFACEF0C6A8AFCAAFE90FC67" bold="true" box="[192,348,873,899]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFACEF0C6B28FCAAFE68FC67" box="[354,420,873,899]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Idaho</collectingRegion>
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(Blaine County),
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFACEF0C6826FCAAFD69FC67" box="[620,677,873,899]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Utah</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFACEF0C68F9FCAAFCD6FC67" box="[691,794,873,899]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="San Juan/Laventille" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">San Juan</collectingRegion>
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, Sanpete counties),
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFACEF0C69BDFCAAFBADFC67" box="[1015,1121,873,899]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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(Montrose County). Thirtysix females were collected in
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFACEF0C6846FC48FDBAFC41" box="[524,630,907,933]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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at Antone Spring on the Uncompahgre Plateau at
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<quantity id="A70002A0FFACEF0C6EF3FC48FAC1FC41" box="[1209,1293,907,933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9339999999999997" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="2934.0">2934 m</quantity>
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elevation on
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<date id="14468985FFACEF0C6A8BFC6FFE80FC22" box="[193,332,940,966]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" value="2020-07-30">30 July 2020</date>
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, and
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<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFACEF0C6BCCFC6FFDD7FC22" box="[390,539,940,966]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
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were collected in the La Sal Mountains of
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFACEF0C69B8FC6FFBE7FC22" box="[1010,1067,940,966]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Utah</collectingRegion>
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at
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<quantity id="A70002A0FFACEF0C6E00FC6FFB51FC23" box="[1098,1181,940,967]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8939999999999997" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="2894.0">2894 m</quantity>
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elevation on
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<date id="14468985FFACEF0C6F7AFC6FFF39FC0C" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" value="2019-08-16">16 August 2019</date>
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. Both sites were montane conifer forest habitats.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFACEF0C6A8AFC3BFB12FB7D" blockId="112.[191,1440,1016,1178]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFACEF0C6A8AFC3BFEB6FBF6" bold="true" box="[192,378,1016,1042]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Adult behavior.</emphasis>
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The mandibular and lacinial teeth on the female indicate it feeds on vertebrate blood; and though its hosts are unknown, it is a member of the Piliferus group, generally considered ornithophilic (
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFACEF0C6F12FBD9FE4BFBB2" author="Wirth WW & Hubert AA" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" pagination="182 - 195" refId="ref143316" refString="Wirth WW, Hubert AA. 1962. The species of Culicoides related to piliferus Root and Hoffman in eastern North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 55: 182 - 195." type="journal article" year="1962">Wirth and Hubert 1962</bibRefCitation>
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). The
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFACEF0C6B85FBF8FDF5FBB1" box="[463,569,1083,1109]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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collection environment was a marshy spring and creek within Engelmann spruce (
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFACEF0C6B53FB9DFD1EFB93" authority="Parry ex Engelmann" authorityName="Engelmann" box="[281,722,1117,1144]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFACEF0C6B53FB9DFE2FFB93" box="[281,483,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Picea engelmannii</emphasis>
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Parry ex Engelmann
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFACEF0C6896FB9EFC8DFB9C" box="[732,833,1117,1144]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and aspen (
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFACEF0C6984FB9EFAD0FB93" authority="Michaux" authorityName="Michaux" box="[974,1308,1117,1143]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremuloides">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFACEF0C6984FB9EFB63FB93" box="[974,1199,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Populus tremuloides</emphasis>
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Michaux
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFACEF0C6F6FFB9EFA55FB9C" box="[1317,1433,1117,1144]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
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) forest. The
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFACEF0C6B76FBBCFEB9FB7D" box="[316,373,1151,1177]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Utah</collectingRegion>
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environment was a similar conifer-aspen forest with a nearby marshy spring.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFACEF0C6A8AFB6AFD4EF97A" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFACEF0C6A8AFB6AFEFEFA88" blockId="112.[192,1442,1193,1625]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFACEF0C6A8AFB6AFEFFFB27" bold="true" box="[192,307,1193,1219]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The SCo pattern, pale spots on midportions of M
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFACEF0C693BFB74FCB5FB21" attach="left" box="[881,889,1207,1221]" fontSize="6" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">1</subScript>
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and M
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFACEF0C6986FB74FC18FB21" attach="left" box="[972,980,1207,1221]" fontSize="6" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">2</subScript>
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, unequal spermathecae, and basic oddnumbered SCo pattern place this species in the Piliferus group. However, it does not key to or match any species in the unpublished key and data table of Kramer and Wirth (no date), which includes 27 Nearctic Piliferus group species. The combination of extensive but faint wing pattern, dark brown color, SCo pattern, close eye separation, and antennal and proboscis ratios readily distinguish it from the other species collected.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFACEF0C6B4AFAB7FCF1F9BD" blockId="112.[192,1442,1193,1625]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">
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In addition,
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<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFACEF0C6BC1FAB0FDEDFA69" box="[395,545,1395,1421]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
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collected at
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<quantity id="A70002A0FFACEF0C68E7FAB0FCCCFA6A" box="[685,768,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.658" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="2658.0">2658 m</quantity>
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elevation on
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<date id="14468985FFACEF0C69DCFAB7FBD1FA6A" box="[918,1053,1395,1422]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" value="2019-07-19">
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19 July
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<quantity id="A70002A0FFACEF0C69A3FAB7FBD1FA6A" box="[1001,1053,1396,1422]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12826" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" unit="in" value="2019.0">2019</quantity>
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</date>
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in the Wasatch Plateau in Sanpete County,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFACEF0C6B68FA56FE91FA4B" box="[290,349,1429,1455]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Utah</collectingRegion>
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, and
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<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFACEF0C6BD0FA55FDD9FA4B" box="[410,533,1429,1456]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
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collected at
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<quantity id="A70002A0FFACEF0C68EEFA56FD3AFA54" box="[676,758,1429,1456]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.974" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="1974.0">1974 m</quantity>
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||
elevation on
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<date id="14468985FFACEF0C69C4FA56FBDBFA4B" box="[910,1047,1429,1455]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111" value="2019-07-16">16 July 2019</date>
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along Corral Creek in the Pioneer Mountains in Blaine County,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFACEF0C685FFA74FD95FA35" box="[533,601,1463,1489]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Idaho</collectingRegion>
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, in similar conifer-aspen forests were similar in all aspects but differed in having an unusual SCo pattern of 1, (2), 3, (4), 5, (6), 7–13, where the missing SCo were from only one antenna. Furthermore, two other specimens from the same Blaine County collection had 1–13 SCo patterns but were otherwise identical. Because of this anomaly, though included in the collection data Tables 5, 7, and 9, their morphological data are not included in
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFACEF0C6834F9FDFD29F9BC" box="[638,741,1598,1624]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Tables 14</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFACEF0C6957F9FDFCF6F9BD" box="[797,826,1598,1625]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="112" pageNumber="111">15</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFACEF0C6A8AF942FD4EF97A" blockId="112.[192,642,1665,1694]" box="[192,642,1665,1694]" pageId="112" pageNumber="111">Subgenus unplaced, Saundersi group</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |