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<document id="87B5F6263C0BBBDCE8AFE711AC4955FF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFA8EF086A8AFBB0FE5EF935" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides werneri Wirth and Blanton" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="115" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="115" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="811EB69B82ABD8D8DB1AD7B15E27C7BA">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="78641545E63FC5CD34D8847C6436D245" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C4236C01A68B217113993F8FC173839A">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2BDE1C4E357BBC614D56097035096948">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="04C60329106C9C4B15650BEB215FDDB5">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="CA98C8761AF8F17D6C6D0CFEEB6CC93C" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFA8EF086A8AFBB0FE5EF935" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFA8EF086A8AFBB0FE5EF935" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFA8EF086A8AFBB0FE5EF935" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFA8EF086A8AFBB0FD64FB74" box="[192,680,1139,1168]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA8EF086A8AFBB0FD64FB74" blockId="116.[192,680,1139,1203]" box="[192,680,1139,1168]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
<heading id="3B0F1829FFA8EF086A8AFBB0FD64FB74" box="[192,680,1139,1168]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA8EF086A8AFBB0FD64FB74" ID-CoL="32DHS" authority="Wirth and Blanton" authorityName="Wirth and Blanton" box="[192,680,1139,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="werneri">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086A8AFBB0FD64FB74" bold="true" box="[192,680,1139,1168]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086A8AFBB0FE60FB6B" bold="true" box="[192,428,1139,1168]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Culicoides werneri</emphasis>
Wirth and Blanton
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFA8EF086A8AFB5BFED2FB57" box="[192,286,1176,1203]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" type="description">
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA8EF086A8AFB5BFED2FB57" blockId="116.[192,680,1139,1203]" box="[192,286,1176,1203]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
(
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFA8EF086A82FB5BFED9FB57" box="[200,277,1176,1203]" captionStart="Figures 4145" captionStartId="170.[192,279,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[211,1421,213,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-83@170.[194,1442,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="170" captionText="Figures 4145. Male genitalia of Culicoides, ventral view, gonocoxite (Gc), gonostylus (Gs), paramere (P), aedeagus (A), apicolateral processes of tergite 9 (T9alp), sternite 9 (S9). 41) C. mortivallis. 42) C. werneri (paratype, Pima County, AZ [FSCA]). 43) C. bottimeri. Spermathecae, rudimentary third spermatheca (rsp), sternite 8 (S8), sternite 9 (S9). 44) C. bottimeri. 45) C. stonei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391706/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFA8EF086AAAFB01FA80FAFE" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA8EF086AAAFB01FA80FAFE" blockId="116.[224,1442,1218,1306]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFA8EF086AAAFB01FA80FAFE" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFA8EF086AAAFB01FD1EFB3E" author="Wirth WW &amp; Blanton FS" box="[224,722,1218,1242]" page="46" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" year="1971">
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA8EF086AAAFB01FD1EFB3E" ID-CoL="32DHS" authority="Wirth and Blanton, 1971: 46" authorityName="Wirth and Blanton" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1971" box="[224,722,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="werneri">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086AAAFB01FE53FB3E" box="[224,415,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Culicoides werneri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFA8EF086BEDFB01FD1EFB3E" author="Wirth WW &amp; Blanton FS" box="[423,722,1218,1242]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="459 - 467" refId="ref143113" refString="Wirth WW, Blanton FS. 1971. New western Culicoides of the stonei group. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 44: 459 - 467." type="journal article" year="1971">Wirth and Blanton, 1971: 46</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(key; female, male; fig. female antenna, palpus, eye separation, hind tibial comb, wing, spermathecae, legs, male genitalia, parameres;
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFA8EF0869D4FB21FC39FB1E" box="[926,1013,1250,1274]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Arizona</collectingRegion>
).
<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFA8EF086E4EFB20FAC9FB1E" author="Jones RH &amp; Wirth WW" box="[1028,1285,1250,1274]" page="57" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFA8EF086E4EFB20FAC9FB1E" author="Jones RH &amp; Wirth WW" box="[1028,1285,1250,1274]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="56 - 58" refId="ref133078" refString="Jones RH, Wirth WW. 1978. A new species of western Culicoides of the stonei group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Entomological News 89: 56 - 58." type="journal article" year="1978">Jones and Wirth 1978: 57</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key).
<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFA8EF086F00FB21FEBEFAFE" author="Wirth WW &amp; Dyce AL &amp; Peterson BV &amp; Roper I." page="36" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFA8EF086F00FB21FEBEFAFE" author="Wirth WW &amp; Dyce AL &amp; Peterson BV &amp; Roper I." pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref143172" refString="Wirth WW, Dyce AL, Peterson BV, Roper I. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 22 (4): 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985: 36</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(numerical characters; fig. female wing).
<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFA8EF086951FAC1FB87FAFE" author="Borkent A &amp; Spinelli GR" box="[795,1099,1282,1306]" page="42" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFA8EF086951FAC1FB87FAFE" author="Borkent A &amp; Spinelli GR" box="[795,1099,1282,1306]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127879" refString="Borkent A, Spinelli GR. 2000. Catalog of the New World biting midges south of the United States of America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions on Entomology, International 4: 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="2000">Borkent and Spinelli 2000: 42</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in Neotropical catalog).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFA8EF086A8AFAEDFC3DFA31" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA8EF086A8AFAEDFC3DFA31" blockId="116.[191,1440,1326,1493]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086A8AFAEDFEF1FAAC" bold="true" box="[192,317,1326,1352]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFA8EF086B00FAEDFE79FAAC" box="[330,437,1326,1352]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the largers width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smallers width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Tables 14</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFA8EF086BF5FAEDFE17FAAD" box="[447,475,1326,1353]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="116" pageNumber="115">15</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFA8EF086BAFFAEDFDCCFAAC" box="[485,512,1326,1352]" captionStart="Table 17" captionStartId="156.[198,261,820,848]" captionText="Table 17. Sensilla coeloconica patterns on Stonei group females. The dashed lines represent species divisions. Specimens with a 112 pattern on one antenna or with an equivalent reduction of 02 SCo from the basic 1 12 pattern were identified as C. stonei. Those with a 1, 512 pattern on one antenna, or were identified by ratios (Table 18), or had equivalent SCo reductions were identified as C. mortivallis or C. owyheensis. Those with a 1, 712 or more reduced pattern were identified as C. werneri. Others were not determined." pageId="116" pageNumber="115">17</tableCitation>
) Dark brown; wing without pattern of pale spots (as in
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFA8EF086E23FAEDFB71FAAD" box="[1129,1213,1326,1353]" captionStart="Figures 38" captionStartId="163.[192,279,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[220,1409,213,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-9@163.[192,1440,213,1803]" captionTargetPageId="163" captionText="Figures 38. Female wings with cells (lower case) and veins (upper case) labeled. 3) Culicoides stonei. 4) C. atchleyi (Bonneville County, ID). 5) Leptoconops torrens. Female abdomen, ventral view. 6) L. torrens. 7) C. stonei. 8) L. californiensis, dorsal habitus (in alcohol, Yuma County, AZ [Carl Olson, with permission])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391688/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
Fig. 3
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA8EF086EE1FAECFB71FAAD" authorityName=": Khalaf" authorityYear="1954" box="[1195,1213,1327,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stonei">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086EE1FAECFB71FAAD" box="[1195,1213,1327,1353]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">C</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</figureCitation>
.
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086E80FAECFAC7FAAC" box="[1226,1291,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">stonei</emphasis>
); legs brown; two unequal sclerotized ovoid spermathecae and fingerlike vestigial third (as in
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFA8EF086E2FFA92FB03FA88" box="[1125,1231,1361,1388]" captionStart="Figures 4145" captionStartId="170.[192,279,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[211,1421,213,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-83@170.[194,1442,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="170" captionText="Figures 4145. Male genitalia of Culicoides, ventral view, gonocoxite (Gc), gonostylus (Gs), paramere (P), aedeagus (A), apicolateral processes of tergite 9 (T9alp), sternite 9 (S9). 41) C. mortivallis. 42) C. werneri (paratype, Pima County, AZ [FSCA]). 43) C. bottimeri. Spermathecae, rudimentary third spermatheca (rsp), sternite 8 (S8), sternite 9 (S9). 44) C. bottimeri. 45) C. stonei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391706/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
Fig. 45
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA8EF086EF7FA91FB03FA88" authorityName=": Khalaf" authorityYear="1954" box="[1213,1231,1362,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stonei">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086EF7FA91FB03FA88" box="[1213,1231,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">C</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</figureCitation>
.
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086E95FA91FAECFA8F" box="[1247,1312,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">stonei</emphasis>
); posterior portion of female sternite 8 cleft, with blunt submedian posterior projections (as in
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFA8EF086E35FAB7FB29FA6B" box="[1151,1253,1396,1423]" captionStart="Figures 4145" captionStartId="170.[192,279,1799,1825]" captionTargetBox="[211,1421,213,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-83@170.[194,1442,213,1769]" captionTargetPageId="170" captionText="Figures 4145. Male genitalia of Culicoides, ventral view, gonocoxite (Gc), gonostylus (Gs), paramere (P), aedeagus (A), apicolateral processes of tergite 9 (T9alp), sternite 9 (S9). 41) C. mortivallis. 42) C. werneri (paratype, Pima County, AZ [FSCA]). 43) C. bottimeri. Spermathecae, rudimentary third spermatheca (rsp), sternite 8 (S8), sternite 9 (S9). 44) C. bottimeri. 45) C. stonei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391706/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
Fig. 45
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFA8EF086E9FFAB6FB29FA6B" authorityName=": Khalaf" authorityYear="1954" box="[1237,1253,1397,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stonei">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086E9FFAB6FB29FA6B" box="[1237,1253,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">C</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</figureCitation>
.
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086EBEFAB6FAF9FA6A" box="[1268,1333,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">stonei</emphasis>
); ventroposterior membrane of male sternite 9 spiculate; aedeagus Y-shaped, median process stout, short, truncate, half as long as basal arms; parameres separate, simple, apex curved hooklike.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFA8EF086A8AFA2BFB62F9D5" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA8EF086A8AFA2BFD3DF9E7" blockId="116.[192,753,1512,1539]" box="[192,753,1512,1539]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086A8AFA2BFE90F9E6" bold="true" box="[192,348,1512,1538]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFA8EF086B28FA2AFE14F9E7" box="[354,472,1513,1539]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFA8EF086BA9FA2AFD8EF9E7" box="[483,578,1513,1539]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFA8EF086807FA2AFD43F9E7" box="[589,655,1513,1539]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Texas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFA8EF0868D0FA2AFD21F9E7" box="[666,749,1513,1539]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Sonora</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA8EF086A8AF9D5FB62F9D5" blockId="116.[192,1198,1558,1585]" box="[192,1198,1558,1585]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086A8AF9D5FEBBF9D4" bold="true" box="[192,375,1558,1584]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Adult behavior.</emphasis>
A female has been collected from a jackrabbit (
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFA8EF0869C6F9D5FB6EF9D5" author="Wirth WW &amp; Blanton FS" box="[908,1186,1558,1585]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="459 - 467" refId="ref143113" refString="Wirth WW, Blanton FS. 1971. New western Culicoides of the stonei group. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 44: 459 - 467." type="journal article" year="1971">Wirth and Blanton 1971</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFA8EF086A8AF987FE5EF935" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA8EF086A8AF987FDF8F965" blockId="116.[192,1440,1604,1666]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="528C7357FFA8EF086A8AF987FEFCF9BA" bold="true" box="[192,304,1604,1630]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimens I collected in Greenlee County,
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFA8EF086918F987FC7DF9BA" box="[850,945,1604,1630]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Arizona</collectingRegion>
, have 1, 812 and 1, (5), 812 SCo patterns. See also Stonei group discussion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFA8EF086A8AF977FE5EF935" blockId="116.[192,402,1716,1745]" box="[192,402,1716,1745]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Unplaced species</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>