treatments-xml/data/DB/5F/52/DB5F520EEA47576B29C9F884ED4F5762.xml

<document id="C26A515CC4A462A15C67D1C9F47C1B5C" ID-DOI="10.35463/j.apr.2020.01.02" ID-ISSN="1842-371x" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10520679" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1705449983089" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Iamandei, Stanila, Iamandei, Eugenia &amp; Todea, Petru" docDate="2020" docId="DB5F520EEA47576B29C9F884ED4F5762" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolRom.16.1.19-34.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 16 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2020.01.02" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CA474AAD92E97C533D63E0C5C0F159F1.1:ActaPalaeontolRom.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="CA474AAD92E97C533D63E0C5C0F159F1" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolRom.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Magnolioxylon krauselii Van der Burgh 1973" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="27662A76EA44576D295EFFF6EC185565" masterDocTitle="Palaeoxylotomical Study Of A New Collection From Zarand Miocene Petrified Forest, South Apuseni Mts." masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1708368395421" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F82E8286D81AD14C1F87B356C43F078A">Palaeoxylotomical Study Of A New Collection From Zarand Miocene Petrified Forest, South Apuseni Mts.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8566C8E18791376908AEC80063ED1148">Iamandei, Stanila</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="76B5AC9093E20200B7F62D0EE8F0017C">Geological Institute of Romania - 1 st, Caransebeş street, Bucharest, Ro- 012271, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FB77790851FF0B1A2EE0326A6179A03F">Iamandei, Eugenia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D28AB91D35314173521165FB1C15E42B">Geological Institute of Romania - 1 st, Caransebeş street, Bucharest, Ro- 012271, Romania; * Corresponding author: iamandei @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9DA63B52AD47B286C67825F5F759578F">Todea, Petru</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="37F572F4015040ED1429C9DEF21FBA2C">Mineral Toda SRL, Crișcior-Brad, Hunedoara county, Romania; mineraltoda @ yahoo. com</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="5349E318EA47576E29C9F884EEEC52EF" blockId="3.[151,756,1875,1960]" box="[151,756,1906,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="08015474EA47576E29C9F884EEEC52EF" box="[151,756,1906,1930]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA47576E29C9F884EEEC52EF" authority="(Greguss) Van der Burgh, 1973" authorityName="Van der Burgh" authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Greguss" box="[151,756,1906,1930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krauselii">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA47576E29C9F884ED8452EF" box="[151,412,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Magnolioxylon kräuselii</emphasis>
(Greguss) 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA47576E2B4DF884EEEC52EF" author="Van der Burgh, L." box="[531,756,1906,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" pagination="73 - 275" refId="ref11579" refString="Van der Burgh, L., 1973. Holzer der niederrheinischen Braunkohlenformation, 2. Holzer der Braunkohlengruben &quot; Maria Theresia &quot; zu Herzogenrath &quot; zukunft west &quot; zu Eschweiler und &quot; Victor (Zulpich Mitte), zu Zulpich. Nebst einer systematisch-anatomischen Bearbeitung der gattung Pinus L. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 15 (2 - 3): 73 - 275." type="journal article" year="1973">Van der Burgh, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1BECB093EA47576E29C9F866ED4E52CD" box="[151,342,1936,1960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="5349E318EA47576E29C9F866ED4E52CD" blockId="3.[151,756,1875,1960]" box="[151,342,1936,1960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="CBCDFF9DEA47576E29C9F866ECCF52CD" box="[151,215,1936,1960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[234,267,1759,1780]" captionTargetBox="[234,1351,155,1753]" captionTargetId="figure-42@4.[234,1353,155,1753]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3 a-i (graphic scale, μm). Magnolioxylon kräuselii (Greguss) Van der Burgh, 1973, Ociu, Bisericii brook, South Apuseni, Romania, sample OB-1. a-c. (cross section) – distinct boundary of growth ring, marked by marginal parenchyma and ray dilations; d-f. (tangential section) – spiral thickenings and scalariform pitting on vessels, biseriate heterogeneous rays; g-i. Radial section – spiral thickenings and scalariform pitting on vessels, scalariform perforation plates, pitted cross-fields." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520685/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, Photos a-i.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5349E318EA47576E29C9F838ECE25283" blockId="3.[151,250,1998,2022]" box="[151,250,1998,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA47576E29C9F838ECE25283" bold="true" box="[151,250,1998,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA47576E2A6EFF68E990542A" blockId="3.[816,1437,158,335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="E39EE945EA47576E2A6EFF68E990542A" collectionCode="Todea Collection" location="Ociu" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="OB-1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Apuseni">
From a 
<specimenCount id="45F02891EA47576E2AD3FF68EFC055D3" box="[909,984,158,182]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">sample</specimenCount>
of petrified wood collected from 
<collectingRegion id="91322DFAEA47576E2C00FF68EF9155B1" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">South Apuseni</collectingRegion>
mts., 
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area, 
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, from Mid-Miocene deposits (Late Badenian-Early Sarmatian), kept within “ 
<collectionCode id="35E77BDDEA47576E2AD9FF0CE8515477" box="[903,1097,250,274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Todea Collection</collectionCode>
”, in Crișcior- Brad locality, under the indicative 
<specimenCode id="03504B63EA47576E2AABFEEFE8285454" box="[1013,1072,281,305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">OB-1</specimenCode>
, with standard prepared thin sections that were submitted to the paleoxylotomical study.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1BECB093EA47576E2A6EFE83E89C53F0" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="5349E318EA47576E2A6EFE83E85954E8" blockId="3.[816,1089,373,397]" box="[816,1089,373,397]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA47576E2A6EFE83E85954E8" bold="true" box="[816,1089,373,397]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Microscopic description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA47576E2A6EFE44E83D57E7" blockId="3.[816,1437,434,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">The growth rings are not too high, with boundaries marked by some tangential rows of thin-walled cells, radially flattened (marginal parenchyma). The structure is generally diffuse-porous or slightly semi-ring-porous, since in the late-wood the pores’ size slightly diminishes. Also, at the boundary of the annual rings, the rays present typical slight dilations.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA47576E2A6EFD7FE8AE5175" blockId="3.[816,1437,434,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">The vessels are arranged in 1-3 radial rows between two rays and are usually solitary or in radial small multiples of 2-4 vessels. The solitary pores seem to be oval in shape, usually deformed, relatively thick-walled (of 7-9 µm the double wall), sometimes touching the rays. The diameters of the solitary vessels are of 50-70 μm. The vessel density is high, of more than 200 pores on mm2. The scalariform perforations plates have up to 10-12 quite thick bars. On the longitudinal walls, spiral thickenings are present, and intravascular pitting, as numerous pits, horizontal-elliptical, opposite, to almost scalariform, especially on narrower vessels appear. Sometimes, isolate tyloses inside the vessels are visible.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA47576E2A6EFBE1E9285109" blockId="3.[816,1437,434,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">The axial parenchyma appears either as marginal bands at the ring boundary, or diffuse or scanty-paratracheal, or difficult to be observed due to bad preservation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA47576E2A6EFB85E893537C" blockId="3.[816,1437,434,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">The rays, in cross-section seen, appear as 1-2 seriate, with slight dilations at the growth ring boundary, and consist of rectangular cells radially elongated, filled with some dark material. Generally, the rays have a linear or slightly curled trajectory and sometimes touch vessels. In tangential view it is obvious that the rays are 1-2-seriate, heterogeneous, and their frequency is of 6-10 rays on tangential horizontal mm. They have 10-25 cells in height, or are even taller. In tangential-view the ray cells appear polygonal rounded and alternately arranged, sometimes slightly uneven. Radially seen, the rays show heterocellular character, the body cells are low, procumbent, and the marginals - slightly taller. In the cross-fields numerous short elongate superposed pits appear.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA47576E2A6EF9D6E96D5332" blockId="3.[816,1437,434,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">The fibro-tracheids have moderately-thick walls, and horizontal-elliptic pits, opposite to almost scalariform.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA47576E2A6EF9A8E89C53F0" blockId="3.[816,1437,434,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">The fibres have also moderately thick walls but offer few details, due to bad preservation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1BECB093EA47576B2A6EF94CED4F5762" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5349E318EA47576E2A6EF94CE84853B7" blockId="3.[816,1104,1722,1746]" box="[816,1104,1722,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA47576E2A6EF94CE84853B7" bold="true" box="[816,1104,1722,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">Affinities and discussions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA4757682A6EF901ED7B55B1" blockId="3.[816,1437,1783,2053]" lastBlockId="5.[151,772,158,2083]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="22">
Evaluating the observed xylotomical features in our studied specimen we found that some of them as scalariform perforations, scalariform pitting, biseriate rays, heterogeneous, terminal parenchyma and thick-walled fibers, which suggest similarity with members of 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA47576E2C5EF884E98052EF" authorityName="Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[1280,1432,1906,1930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
, a large extant family comprising 7 genera and around 230 species, partially with arboreal habit, widespread in temperate to tropical areas from Eastern Asia and North America (see Watson &amp; Dalwitz, 1992). 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4757682DADF81BECC655D3" author="The Plant List" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refId="ref11395" refString="The Plant List., 2013. Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http: // www. theplantlist. org / (accessed at 01.10.2016)." type="url" year="2013">The Plant List (2013)</bibRefCitation>
admits that 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA415768283AFF68EDE255D3" authorityName="Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[356,506,158,182]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
is a family with 5 genera and 247 species.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5349E318EA40576929B4F929EE745275" blockId="4.[234,1353,1758,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA40576929B4F929ED555391" bold="true" box="[234,333,1759,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Fig. 3 a-i</emphasis>
(graphic scale, μm). 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4057692B76F928E87B5391" authority="(Greguss) Van der Burgh, 1973" authorityName="Van der Burgh" authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Greguss" box="[552,1123,1758,1780]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krauselii">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4057692B76F928EF005391" box="[552,792,1758,1780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">Magnolioxylon kräuselii</emphasis>
(Greguss) 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4057692AD4F929E87B5391" author="Van der Burgh, L." box="[906,1123,1758,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" pagination="73 - 275" refId="ref11579" refString="Van der Burgh, L., 1973. Holzer der niederrheinischen Braunkohlenformation, 2. Holzer der Braunkohlengruben &quot; Maria Theresia &quot; zu Herzogenrath &quot; zukunft west &quot; zu Eschweiler und &quot; Victor (Zulpich Mitte), zu Zulpich. Nebst einer systematisch-anatomischen Bearbeitung der gattung Pinus L. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 15 (2 - 3): 73 - 275." type="journal article" year="1973">Van der Burgh, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Ociu, Bisericii brook, South Apuseni, Romania, sample OB-1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA40576929B4F8E0E9385206" blockId="4.[234,1353,1758,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA40576929B4F8E0ED17524E" bold="true" box="[234,271,1814,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">a-c.</emphasis>
(cross section) – distinct boundary of growth ring, marked by marginal parenchyma and ray dilations; 
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4057692DADF8E0E908524E" bold="true" box="[1267,1296,1814,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">d-f</emphasis>
. (tangential section) – spiral thickenings and scalariform pitting on vessels, biseriate heterogeneous rays; 
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4057692DBFF8C7E8E45223" bold="true" box="[1249,1276,1841,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23">g-i</emphasis>
. Radial section – spiral thickenings and scalariform pitting on vessels, scalariform perforation plates, pitted cross-fields.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA41576829C9FF2AEE025477" blockId="5.[151,772,158,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">However only three fossil genera were validly described till now, having different diagnoses:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA41576829C9FEEFEEF65721" blockId="5.[151,772,158,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
• 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA41576829F2FEEFEEE75454" authority="Prakash, Brezinova &amp; Buzek, 1971" authorityName="Prakash, Brezinova &amp; Buzek" authorityYear="1971" box="[172,767,281,305]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Liriodendroxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA41576829F2FEEFED7F5454" box="[172,359,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Liriodendroxylon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA415768282CFEEFEEE75454" author="Prakash U. &amp; Brezinova, D. &amp; Buzek, C." box="[370,767,281,305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="103 - 128" refId="ref10426" refString="Prakash U., Brezinova, D. &amp; Buzek, C., 1971. Fossil Woods from Doupovske hory and Ceske stredohori Mountains, in Northern Bohemia. Palaeontographica Abt. B, 133 (1 - 6): 103 - 128." type="journal article" year="1971">Prakash, Březinová &amp; Bůžek, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, corresponding to the extant genus Liriodendron 
<collectionCode id="35E77BDDEA4157682BBBFECEEEE1542A" box="[741,761,312,335]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
., known as tulip tree, whose structure can be diagnosed as such: wood diffuse-porous, with small to mean-sized vessels, solitary or in multiples of two or more, having scalariform perforations plates with few bars (6-13), then angular to elliptic intervascullar pitting, opposite, in horizontal pairs or rows, terminal parenchyma, 1-5-seriate rays or broader, slightly heterogeneous, fibers with polygonal cross field, thin to thick walled and non-septate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA41576829C9FDBAED9A56F3" blockId="5.[151,772,158,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
• 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA41576829F4FDBDEEE65706" authority="Wheeler, Scott &amp; Barghoorn, 1977" authorityName="Wheeler, Scott &amp; Barghoorn" authorityYear="1977" box="[170,766,587,611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnoliaceoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA41576829F4FDBDED685706" box="[170,368,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnoliaceoxylon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682825FDBDEEE65706" author="Wheeler, E. A. &amp; Scott, R. A. &amp; Barghoorn, E. S." box="[379,766,587,611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="280 - 306" refId="ref12010" refString="Wheeler, E. A., Scott, R. A. &amp; Barghoorn, E. S., 1977. Fossil dicotyledonous woods from Yellowstone National Park, I. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 58 (3): 280 - 306." type="journal article" year="1977">Wheeler, Scott &amp; Barghoorn, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, name used especially by American and Asian scientists, as morphogenus of fossil wood of 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682B48FD7FEEB657C4" authorityName="Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[534,686,649,673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
, almost identical with the morphogenus 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682B56FD51EEB257DA" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1952" box="[520,682,679,703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682B56FD51EEB257DA" box="[520,682,679,703]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
created by 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA41576829E7FD30ED7657BB" author="Hofmann, E." box="[185,366,710,734]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="122 - 138" refId="ref9047" refString="Hofmann, E., 1952. Pflanzenreste aus dem Phosphoritvorkommen, von Prambachkirchen Im Oberostereich, II Teil. Palaeontographica, Abt. B, Palaophytol. 92 (3 - 6): 122 - 138." type="journal article" year="1952">Hofmann (1952)</bibRefCitation>
, is characterized by numerous narrow vessels in cross-section, mostly in radial multiples, with exclusively scalariform perforation plates, with sca1ariform intervessel pitting, marginal (terminal) banded parenchyma and 1-4-seriate heterocellular rays (see 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA41576829C9FCA9ED695612" author="Wheeler, E. A. &amp; Scott, R. A. &amp; Barghoorn, E. S." box="[151,369,863,887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="280 - 306" refId="ref12010" refString="Wheeler, E. A., Scott, R. A. &amp; Barghoorn, E. S., 1977. Fossil dicotyledonous woods from Yellowstone National Park, I. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 58 (3): 280 - 306." type="journal article" year="1977">Wheeler et al., 1977</bibRefCitation>
; Srivastava &amp; Suzuki, 2001; 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682BF6FCA9ED6E56F3" author="Wheeler, E. A. &amp; Manchester S. R." pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref12058" refString="Wheeler, E. A. &amp; Manchester S. R., 2002. Woods of the Eocene Nut Beds flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA. IAWA Journal, Supplement 3: 1 - 188." type="journal article" year="2002">
Wheeler &amp; 
<collectingRegion id="91322DFAEA41576829EDFC88ED2A56F3" box="[179,306,894,918]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Manchester</collectingRegion>
, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA41576829C9FC6BECD15026" blockId="5.[151,772,158,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
• 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA41576829F3FC6AEE1356D1" authority="Hofmann, 1952" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1952" box="[173,523,924,948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA41576829F3FC6AED5656D1" box="[173,334,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682802FC6AEE1356D1" author="Hofmann, E." box="[348,523,924,948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="122 - 138" refId="ref9047" refString="Hofmann, E., 1952. Pflanzenreste aus dem Phosphoritvorkommen, von Prambachkirchen Im Oberostereich, II Teil. Palaeontographica, Abt. B, Palaophytol. 92 (3 - 6): 122 - 138." type="journal article" year="1952">Hofmann, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, corresponding to the extant genera of magnolias such as 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682B7EFC4DEE9056B6" box="[544,648,955,979]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682B7EFC4DEE9056B6" box="[544,648,955,979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="35E77BDDEA4157682BCFFC4AEEBE56B6" box="[657,678,956,979]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
., 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682BE6FC4DECAB5697" authorityName="F. A. Roemer" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Michelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682BE6FC4DECAB5697" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Michelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="35E77BDDEA41576829E3FC2DECCA5697" box="[189,210,987,1010]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
., 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA41576829BAFC2CED5B5697" box="[228,323,986,1010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Talauma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA41576829BAFC2CED5B5697" box="[228,323,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Talauma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="35E77BDDEA4157682812FC2DED795697" box="[332,353,987,1010]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
., has the following diagnosis: diffuse-porous wood with low growth rings, small solitary vessels or as multiples of 2-3 up to 5(7), and simple perforated plates, small to large vascular pitting. (Additionally, scalariform perforations and scalariform pitting, and even very specific ones appear - a reason to emend the genus’ diagnosis). Rays 1-4(5)-seriate, rarely broader, with slightly sinuous trajectory in cross-section, with up to 22 cells in height, heterogeneous, body cells procumbent, marginals upright. Paratracheal uniseriate and marginal (terminal) parenchyma and thick-walled fibers are present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA41576829C9FABCECC6535D" blockId="5.[151,772,158,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
The xylotomical details observed in our specimen, unfortunately rather badly preserved, support the assignment to 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA41576829C9FA71ED2150FA" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,313,1415,1439]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA41576829C9FA71ED2150FA" box="[151,313,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphogenus and, even if we had not the access some older identifications of magnoliaceous fossil woods (Unger, Caspary, Lignier, Edwards, and Kruse, for example) quoted by 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682827FA15EE2F509E" author="Schonfeld, E." box="[377,567,1507,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="169 - 178" refId="ref10721" refString="Schonfeld, E., 1958. Eine Magnoliaceae als Treibholz im marinen Oberoligozan der Niederheineschen Bucht. Fortschrungen in Geologie, Rheinland und Westfalen, 1: 169 - 178." type="journal article" year="1958">Schönfeld (1958)</bibRefCitation>
, we compared our studied wood structure with more recently identified forms:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA41576829C9F9B6EDF75228" blockId="5.[151,772,158,2083]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
- 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA41576829F4F9C9EE8C5332" authority="Hofmann, 1952" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1952" box="[170,660,1599,1623]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michelioides">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA41576829F4F9C9EDC55332" box="[170,477,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon michelioides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA41576828B8F9C9EE8C5332" author="Hofmann, E." box="[486,660,1599,1623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="122 - 138" refId="ref9047" refString="Hofmann, E., 1952. Pflanzenreste aus dem Phosphoritvorkommen, von Prambachkirchen Im Oberostereich, II Teil. Palaeontographica, Abt. B, Palaophytol. 92 (3 - 6): 122 - 138." type="journal article" year="1952">Hofmann, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the typespecies described from Prambachkirchen, 
<collectingCountry id="2BE1A388EA4157682B25F9A8EED45313" box="[635,716,1630,1654]" name="Austria" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Austria</collectingCountry>
, has radial multiples of 3-5-7 vessels, paratracheal and terminal parenchyma, rays of two sizes - broad of 3-5 cells and uniseriates numerous which bring it closer to the extant species 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA41576829B0F92EEDF95395" authority="L. It" authorityName="L. It" box="[238,481,1752,1776]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Michelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baviens">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA41576829B0F92EEDB05395" box="[238,424,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Michelia baviens</emphasis>
L. It
</taxonomicName>
was, also, described from the Oligocene of 
<collectingCountry id="2BE1A388EA4157682800F901EDB6526A" box="[350,430,1783,1807]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Canada</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682881F90EEEC4526A" author="Roy, S. K. &amp; Stewart, W. N." box="[479,732,1783,1808]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="1867 - 1877" refId="ref10510" refString="Roy, S. K. &amp; Stewart, W. N., 1971. Oligocene woods from the Cypress Hills Formation in Saskatchewan, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany, 49: 1867 - 1877." type="journal article" year="1971">Roy &amp; Stewart (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, as having similar features or almost identical. Both forms are quite similar to our material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA41576829C9F8A2E8BB54C8" blockId="5.[151,772,158,2083]" lastBlockId="5.[816,1437,158,2056]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
- 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA41576829F1F8A5ED48520E" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1952" box="[175,336,1875,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA41576829F1F8A5ED48520E" box="[175,336,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA415768283EF8A5EE92520E" authority="Schonfeld, 1958" authorityName="Schonfeld" authorityYear="1958" box="[352,650,1875,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens">
scandens 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA415768288EF8A5EE92520E" author="Schonfeld, E." box="[464,650,1875,1899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="169 - 178" refId="ref10721" refString="Schonfeld, E., 1958. Eine Magnoliaceae als Treibholz im marinen Oberoligozan der Niederheineschen Bucht. Fortschrungen in Geologie, Rheinland und Westfalen, 1: 169 - 178." type="journal article" year="1958">Schönfeld, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from the German Late Oligocene of Niederrheinischen Bucht, shows diffuse-porous wood with thick growth rings, solitary vessels and in small radial multiples, sometimes diagonal to tangential, simple and high scalariform perforation plates (with up to 33 bars), scalariform intervascular pitting, thick-walled tracheids, round to scalariform pitted, thick-walled pitted libriform, 1-4-seriate high rays, heterocellular with 1-3(5) rows of marginal, thick-walled, upright cells (77-92 
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682D33FF28E8625590" bold="true" box="[1133,1146,222,245]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">̒</emphasis>
m high). Schönfeld shows that these details suggest similarities with extant species like 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682A3AFEECEFD35457" box="[868,971,282,306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682A3AFEECEFD35457" box="[868,971,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682D54FEECE8705457" box="[1034,1128,282,306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Talauma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682D54FEECE8705457" box="[1034,1128,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Talauma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but also with some lianas like 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682A36FECFEFF85434" box="[872,992,313,337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Schisandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682A36FECFEFF85434" box="[872,992,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Schisandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682AA8FECFE84A5434" box="[1014,1106,313,337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Schisandraceae" genus="Kadsura" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682AA8FECFE84A5434" box="[1014,1106,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Kadsura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The same species was described by us from Mid-Miocene deposits of Prăvăleni, South Apuseni area (
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682D7EFE80E90F54EB" author="Iamandei, S. &amp; Iamandei, E. &amp; Tibuleac, P." box="[1056,1303,374,398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="235 - 247" refId="ref9492" refString="Iamandei, S., Iamandei, E. &amp; Tibuleac, P., 2004. New fossil wood from Late Badenian of Pravaleni, Metalliferous Mts. Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii &quot; A. I. Cuza &quot;, Iasi, Geologie, 49 - 50 / (2003 - 2004): 235 - 247." type="book chapter" year="2004">Iamandei et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
), but is not identical to here studied specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA4157682A6EFE42E8465176" blockId="5.[816,1437,158,2056]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
- 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682A18FE42E98054A9" authority="Nagy &amp; Marza, 1967" authorityName="Nagy &amp; Marza" authorityYear="1967" box="[838,1432,436,460]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="transilvanicum">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682A18FE42E88D54A9" box="[838,1173,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon transilvanicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682DFFFE42E98054A9" author="Nagy, F. &amp; Marza, I." box="[1185,1432,436,460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref9999" refString="Nagy, F. &amp; Marza, I., 1967. Magnolioxylon transilvanicum sp. n. in cineritele de la Pravaleni, Brad. Analele Universitatii Bucuresti, St. Nat., Geol. Geogr., 16 (1): 97 - 102, [in Romanian]." type="journal article" year="1967">Nagy &amp; Mârza, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, was described also from South Apuseni area. The wood structure presents bi- and triseriate heterocellular rays, with body ray cells procumbent, and with mostly 2-4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells, platanoid dilations at the boundary of the growth-rings, simple and scalariform perforations, elongated to scalariform pits on vessels, simple and bordered, with slit-like apertures, scanty paratracheal axial parenchyma and, also, marginal (terminal), tracheids with spiral thickenings and scalariform pits, septate and pitted fibres. The same species was subsequently identified in the same area (
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682C4BFCF3EFC65659" author="Iamandei, S. &amp; Iamandei, E." pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="113 - 118" refId="ref9133" refString="Iamandei, S. &amp; Iamandei, E. 1997. New Fossil Dicots in Pyrrhoclastics of Pravaleni, Metalliferous Mountains. Acta Paleontologica Romaniae, 1: 113 - 118, https: // actapalrom. geo-paleontologica. org /" type="journal article" year="1997">Iamandei &amp; Iamandei, 1997</bibRefCitation>
), having 2-3-seriate rays, idioblastic secretory cells, scalariform perforations, bordered elliptic to scalariform pitting, quite similar, of “buttonhole” 
<typeStatus id="8C4D5DBAEA4157682C12FC94E962561F" box="[1356,1402,866,890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
on fibro-tracheids and on fibers. Also, a Miocene 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682C64FC76E85E56D3" authorityName="Nagy &amp; Marza" authorityYear="1967" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="transilvanicum">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682C64FC76EF6F56D3" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682AF8FC68E85E56D3" box="[934,1094,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">transilvanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Bala area, 
<collectingRegion id="91322DFAEA4157682A6EFC4BEFE156B0" box="[816,1017,957,981]" country="Romania" name="Mehedinti" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Mehedinţi County</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="2BE1A388EA4157682D59FC4BE87F56B0" box="[1031,1127,957,981]" name="Romania" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Romania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682D29FC4BE97C56B0" author="Iamandei, E. &amp; Iamandei, S. &amp; Diaconu, F." box="[1143,1380,957,981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="199 - 218" refId="ref9086" refString="Iamandei, E., Iamandei, S. &amp; Diaconu, F., 2011. Fossil woods in the collections of Drobeta-Tr. Severin Museum. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, 7: 199 - 218. https: // actapalrom. geo-paleontologica. org /" type="journal article" year="2011">Iamandei et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
) and recently 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682ACFFC2AE9125691" authorityName="Nagy &amp; Marza" authorityYear="1967" box="[913,1290,988,1012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="transilvanicum">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682ACFFC2AE82A5691" box="[913,1074,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682D34FC2AE9125691" box="[1130,1290,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">transilvanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Rhodopes mts. (
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682A35FC0DE84A5176" author="Iamandei, S. &amp; Iamandei, E. &amp; Bozukov, V. &amp; Tsenov, B." box="[875,1106,1019,1043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref9398" refString="Iamandei, S., Iamandei, E., Bozukov, V. &amp; Tsenov, B., 2016. New Oligocene fossil woods from Rhodopes, Bulgaria. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, 12 (2): 47 - 65, https: // actapalrom. geo-paleontologica. org /" type="journal article" year="2016">Iamandei et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA4157682A6EFBECE86C50E0" blockId="5.[816,1437,158,2056]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
- 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682A12FBEFEF705135" authority="Iamandei et Iamandei, 1997" authorityName="Iamandei et Iamandei" authorityYear="1997" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminatum">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682A12FBEFE89C5154" box="[844,1156,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon acuminatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682DC9FBEFEF705135" author="Iamandei, S. &amp; Iamandei, E." pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="113 - 118" refId="ref9133" refString="Iamandei, S. &amp; Iamandei, E. 1997. New Fossil Dicots in Pyrrhoclastics of Pravaleni, Metalliferous Mountains. Acta Paleontologica Romaniae, 1: 113 - 118, https: // actapalrom. geo-paleontologica. org /" type="journal article" year="1997">Iamandei et Iamandei, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is another species described from Prăvăleni, close to Ociu area, from the same Mid-Miocene deposits. It is characterized by distinct growth rings, semi-ring-porous structure wits radial multiples of 2-3(7) mean-sized vessels (84/66 
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682AF0FB40EFA351A8" bold="true" box="[942,955,1206,1229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">̒</emphasis>
m), density 105-120 vessels on sq.mm., simple perforations, alternate to opposite vascular pits, vasicentric tracheids with spiral thickenings and thin-walled tyloses, apotracheal parenchyma, diffuse and marginal, heterocellular rays usually uniseriate, with 1-4 secretory cells, 1-2 pits in cross-fields thick-walled pitted fibers (
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682A66FA9BE87050E0" author="Iamandei, S. &amp; Iamandei, E." box="[824,1128,1389,1413]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="113 - 118" refId="ref9133" refString="Iamandei, S. &amp; Iamandei, E. 1997. New Fossil Dicots in Pyrrhoclastics of Pravaleni, Metalliferous Mountains. Acta Paleontologica Romaniae, 1: 113 - 118, https: // actapalrom. geo-paleontologica. org /" type="journal article" year="1997">Iamandei &amp; Iamandei, 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA4157682A6EFA7AE969537B" blockId="5.[816,1437,158,2056]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
- 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682A14FA7DE80650C6" box="[842,1054,1419,1443]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682A14FA7DEFF450C6" box="[842,1004,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, described by 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682D88FA7AEF6050A7" author="Petrescu, I. &amp; Nutu A." pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="253 - 258" refId="ref10175" refString="Petrescu, I. &amp; Nutu A., 1970. Alte tipuri de lemne din Miocenul superior de la Pravaleni-Brad. Sargetia (Acta Musei Devensis), sr. Sc. Nat., VII: 253 - 258, [in Romanian]." type="journal article" year="1970">Petrescu &amp; Nuţu (1970)</bibRefCitation>
also from Prăvăleni, from the same formation, has badly preserved anatomical details - solitary vessels or in 2-3 radial multiples and 1-4-seriate rays, typical generic details - but not sufficient for a specific identification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA4157682A6EF9D3E85B52C8" blockId="5.[816,1437,158,2056]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
- 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682A1EF9D2E9805358" authority="Van der Burgh, 1973" authorityName="Van der Burgh" authorityYear="1973" box="[832,1432,1572,1597]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parenchymatosum">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682A1EF9D2E8B45359" box="[832,1196,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon parenchymatosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682DEDF9D3E9805358" author="Van der Burgh, L." box="[1203,1432,1573,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="73 - 275" refId="ref11579" refString="Van der Burgh, L., 1973. Holzer der niederrheinischen Braunkohlenformation, 2. Holzer der Braunkohlengruben &quot; Maria Theresia &quot; zu Herzogenrath &quot; zukunft west &quot; zu Eschweiler und &quot; Victor (Zulpich Mitte), zu Zulpich. Nebst einer systematisch-anatomischen Bearbeitung der gattung Pinus L. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 15 (2 - 3): 73 - 275." type="journal article" year="1973">Van der Burgh, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from the Late Oligocene of Niederrheinischen Braunkohlenformation, presents many xylotomical similarities with the extant species 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682DD3F976E95A53FD" box="[1165,1346,1664,1688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fraseri">Magnolia fraseri</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682C20F977EF9153D2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sororum">M. sororum</taxonomicName>
and, also, with the fossil species 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682DA5F969EF8A53B3" authorityName="Schonfeld" authorityYear="1958" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682DA5F969EF8A53B3" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon scandens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described by 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682D6DF948E8E953B3" author="Schonfeld, E." box="[1075,1265,1726,1750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="169 - 178" refId="ref10721" refString="Schonfeld, E., 1958. Eine Magnoliaceae als Treibholz im marinen Oberoligozan der Niederheineschen Bucht. Fortschrungen in Geologie, Rheinland und Westfalen, 1: 169 - 178." type="journal article" year="1958">Schönfeld (1958)</bibRefCitation>
from the same deposits, having small sized vessels, with scalariform perforation plates with 2-12 spaced bars, intervascular scalariform pitting, helical thickenings, and also pitted tracheids and fibers, axial parenchyma diffuse and 1-3- banded and marginal (terminal), 1-3-seriate heterocellular rays, with body-cells procumbent, and two rows of marginal upright cells, pitted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA41576B2A6EF842EEBF5477" blockId="5.[816,1437,158,2056]" lastBlockId="6.[151,771,158,519]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
- 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA4157682A1FF845E98052AE" authority="(Greguss) van der Burgh 1973" authorityName="Van der Burgh" authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Greguss" box="[833,1432,1971,1995]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krauselii">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA4157682A1FF845E85F52AE" box="[833,1095,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Magnolioxylon kräuselii</emphasis>
(Greguss) 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682DE1F842E98052AE" author="Van der Burgh, L." box="[1215,1432,1971,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="73 - 275" refId="ref11579" refString="Van der Burgh, L., 1973. Holzer der niederrheinischen Braunkohlenformation, 2. Holzer der Braunkohlengruben &quot; Maria Theresia &quot; zu Herzogenrath &quot; zukunft west &quot; zu Eschweiler und &quot; Victor (Zulpich Mitte), zu Zulpich. Nebst einer systematisch-anatomischen Bearbeitung der gattung Pinus L. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 15 (2 - 3): 73 - 275." type="journal article" year="1973">van der Burgh 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, initially described by 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA4157682D47F824E8A6528F" author="Greguss, P." box="[1049,1214,2002,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" refId="ref8774" refString="Greguss, P. (1969), Tertiary Angiosperm woods in Hungary. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 152 pp + 93 pl." type="book" year="1969">Greguss (1969)</bibRefCitation>
as Liquidambaroxylon, presents, besides the generic details, simple and scalariform perforations with (3)10-12 spaced thick bars, sometimes forked, pitted and crystalliferous parenchyma, 1-2-seriate rays of 10-16 cells high, heterocellular, thick to very thick-walled fibers, pitted fibro-tracheids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5349E318EA42576B29C9FEEFED4F5762" blockId="6.[151,771,158,519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
Since the here studied specimen has scalariform perforations with up to 10-12 spaced thick bars, sometimes forked, pitted and crystalliferous parenchyma, 1-2-seriate heterocellular rays, of 16-17 cells high, or more, thick to very thick fibers, pitted fibro-tracheids, perfectly resembles to the morphospecies 
<taxonomicName id="94F6989BEA42576B28E4FE44EDC8548C" authority="(Greguss) Van der Burgh, 1973" authorityName="Van der Burgh" authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Greguss" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krauselii">
<emphasis id="61823F0AEA42576B28E4FE44EED954AF" box="[442,705,434,458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Magnolioxylon kräuselii</emphasis>
(Greguss) 
<bibRefCitation id="37679EE9EA42576B2985FE27EDC8548C" author="Van der Burgh, L." box="[219,464,465,489]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" pagination="73 - 275" refId="ref11579" refString="Van der Burgh, L., 1973. Holzer der niederrheinischen Braunkohlenformation, 2. Holzer der Braunkohlengruben &quot; Maria Theresia &quot; zu Herzogenrath &quot; zukunft west &quot; zu Eschweiler und &quot; Victor (Zulpich Mitte), zu Zulpich. Nebst einer systematisch-anatomischen Bearbeitung der gattung Pinus L. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 15 (2 - 3): 73 - 275." type="journal article" year="1973">Van der Burgh, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, to which we attribute our studied specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>