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<document id="CC10739951446706D26A1D66831C502F" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad062" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14443904" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1734089913656" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bridge, Tom C. L., Cowman, Peter F., Quaưrini, Andrea M., Bonito, Victor E., Frederic, Harii, Head, Catherine E. I., Hung, Julia Y., Halafihi, Tuikolongahau, Rongo, Teina &amp; Baird, Andrew H." docDate="2024" docId="DB4587EEFFB7412BFF3CFD57FB32FB56" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad062.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad062" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.10:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Acropora rongoi Bridge &amp; Cowman &amp; Quaưrini &amp; Bonito &amp; Frederic &amp; Harii &amp; Head &amp; Hung &amp; Halafihi &amp; Rongo &amp; Baird 2024, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="277CFF96FFB84124FFE9FFE5FFFFFF90" masterDocTitle="A tenuis relationship: traditional taxonomy obscures systematics and biogeography of the Acropora tenuis (ºcleractinia: Acroporidae) species complex" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1735817244530" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:title id="0CD1598DFBA255B144B52D729424D675">A tenuis relationship: traditional taxonomy obscures systematics and biogeography of the Acropora tenuis (ºcleractinia: Acroporidae) species complex</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="458F0B68C4F09D033785106CA7A13F58">Bridge, Tom C. L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F235194C65BD9186B73A1025A175B476">Biodiversity and Geosciences Program * Museum of Tropical Queensland * Queensland Museum Network * Townsville * QLD * Australia &amp; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef ºtudies * James Cook University * Townsville * QLD * Australia &amp; College of ºcience and Engineering * James Cook University * Townsville * QLD * Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="11DB976C64D28982A1EE52EBF77E333B">Cowman, Peter F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B196BCF5EB6ADB1AAFE000A0631A9F13">Biodiversity and Geosciences Program * Museum of Tropical Queensland * Queensland Museum Network * Townsville * QLD * Australia &amp; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef ºtudies * James Cook University * Townsville * QLD * Australia &amp; College of ºcience and Engineering * James Cook University * Townsville * QLD * Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AB38A7C68AB8424D3A850917BFAE18E0">Quaưrini, Andrea M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DC0601C57087417822F9C86A060DCE89">Department of Invertebrate Zoology * National Museum of Natural History * ºmithsonian Institution * Washington * DC * United ºtates</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="68B29B0836897E5C36606D983AB4D57A">Bonito, Victor E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5D8AE98D651F11E01B8DF03A5ED22DE6">Coral Coast Conservation Center * Votua Village * Baravi * Nadroga * Fiji</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6279B03669F10816E79EC358C2290C85">Frederic</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EB0F23EA1293717A0DEEA2C51A677351">ºesoko ºtation * Tropical Biosphere Research Center * University of the Ryukyus * 3422 ºesoko * Motobu * Okinawa * Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="16F07DB8666E8D50DCCC34A374BB641D">Harii</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E39A8A24D04931DD2EB1F5F1BD798078">ºesoko ºtation * Tropical Biosphere Research Center * University of the Ryukyus * 3422 ºesoko * Motobu * Okinawa * Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BC696E0E72FAD266AECDF03996DE43C1">Head, Catherine E. I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="092E5FDB669E4C54D80955C19299AB2E">Institute of Zoology * Zoological ºociety of London * London * United Kingdom &amp; Department of Zoology * University of Oxford * Oxford * United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1A2000CAB417C68AB8A9A5B2A09940E3" type="email">tom.bridge@qm.qld.gov.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A92020FB886623D0146FE7931A513894">Hung, Julia Y.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="664EC411B6AC57B3E6987612CB661979">College of ºcience and Engineering * James Cook University * Townsville * QLD * Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="76158B9027A1A7A958D9373B3E690184">Halafihi, Tuikolongahau</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5D7B73B20BDBC6748C5A45B4E8960B9C">Ministry of Fisheries * Nukualofa * Tongatapu * Tonga</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7F7504EA2789E8FF2D732B5520E3AAD2">Rongo, Teina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="96EDF0B9CB86E1B7B2F4D92D7AFE7547">Kōrero O Te`Ōrau * Rarotonga * Cook Islands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6EFB54D79A1C51D75D7E9256DC2FA7E0">Baird, Andrew H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2C2B582A8589F8BE0E172EC51ECA0FF0">Biodiversity and Geosciences Program * Museum of Tropical Queensland * Queensland Museum Network * Townsville * QLD * Australia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2495F5645453D4A789323D53F8143FBF" type="email">tom.bridge@qm.qld.gov.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="53FD4C8C93C660DAD75AB96C9D64066F">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3697EC48E3F24A1ABF95A74CDAF60468">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFF3CFD57FDA7FD5C" ID-CoL="BZW7K" authority="Bridge &amp; Cowman" authorityName="Bridge &amp; Cowman &amp; Quaưrini &amp; Bonito &amp; Frederic &amp; Harii &amp; Head &amp; Hung &amp; Halafihi &amp; Rongo &amp; Baird" authorityYear="2024" box="[213,600,690,716]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rongoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFF3CFD57FE73FD5C" bold="true" box="[213,396,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acropora rongoi</emphasis>
Bridge &amp; Cowman
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,
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<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFF98FD16FEB8FC9A" box="[113,327,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Zoobank registration:</emphasis>
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urn: lsid: zoobank.org: act:
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:
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* collected from
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<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFDE4FCAEFDCCFCF3" box="[525,563,843,867]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
depth
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in the lagoon at
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*
<collectingMunicipality id="B337AC82FFB7412BFF30FC8EFEBEFC13" box="[217,321,875,899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rarotonga</collectingMunicipality>
*
<collectingCountry id="2BFB7668FFB7412BFEB9FC8EFE27FC13" box="[336,472,875,899]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
.
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<materialsCitation id="E3843CA5FFB7412BFF98FC40FD52FC4B" country="Cook Islands" elevation="17" location="Papua" municipality="Rarotonga" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFF98FC40FF27FC2C" box="[113,216,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="8C57885AFFB7412BFF98FC40FF2CFC2C" box="[113,211,933,956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
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<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFF08FC41FE7FFC2C" bold="true" box="[225,384,932,956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MTQ G78418</emphasis>
* collected from
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<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFDC6FC41FD98FC2B" box="[559,615,932,956]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
depth
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on the outer reef slope at
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*
<collectingMunicipality id="B337AC82FFB7412BFE74FC26FDFAFC4B" box="[413,517,963,987]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rarotonga</collectingMunicipality>
*
<collectingCountry id="2BFB7668FFB7412BFDF5FC26FD52FC4B" box="[540,685,963,987]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E3843CA5FFB7412BFD57FC26FDBBFB8A" country="French Polynesia" elevation="12" location="Opunohu Bay" municipality="Mo'orea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
MTQ G80232 collected from
<elevation id="D8C1D1CBFFB7412BFE98FC06FE11FC6B" box="[369,494,995,1019]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="12.0">
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFE98FC06FE56FC6A" box="[369,425,995,1019]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
on the fore-reef slope at
<location id="56336023FFB7412BFF9CFC1AFEF3FB8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB4587EEFFB7412BFF3CFD57FB32FB56:56336023FFB7412BFF9CFC1AFEF3FB8A" box="[117,268,1023,1050]" country="French Polynesia" municipality="Mo'orea" name="Opunohu Bay" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ōpūnohu Bay</location>
*
<collectingMunicipality id="B337AC82FFB7412BFEC8FBE7FE8EFB8A" box="[289,369,1026,1050]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Moorea</collectingMunicipality>
*
<collectingCountry id="2BFB7668FFB7412BFE61FBE7FDBBFB8A" box="[392,580,1026,1050]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E3843CA5FFB7412BFDBFFBE7FE7EFBC9" country="French Polynesia" elevation="10" location="Opunohu Bay" municipality="Mo'orea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
MTQ G80233* collected from
<elevation id="D8C1D1CBFFB7412BFEF8FBC4FE72FBA9" box="[273,397,1057,1081]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="10.0">
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFEF8FBC4FEB6FBA9" box="[273,329,1057,1081]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
on the fore-reef at
<location id="56336023FFB7412BFD8BFBFBFD0CFBA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB4587EEFFB7412BFF3CFD57FB32FB56:56336023FFB7412BFD8BFBFBFD0CFBA9" box="[610,755,1054,1081]" country="French Polynesia" municipality="Mo'orea" name="Opunohu Bay" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ōpūnohu Bay</location>
*
<collectingMunicipality id="B337AC82FFB7412BFF98FBA4FF3EFBC9" box="[113,193,1089,1113]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Moorea</collectingMunicipality>
*
<collectingCountry id="2BFB7668FFB7412BFF26FBA4FE7EFBC9" box="[207,385,1089,1113]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="535336F8FFB7412BFF98FB9FFD75FB41" blockId="15.[113,762,1146,1233]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFF98FB9FFE75FB02" box="[113,394,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Other material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="E3843CA5FFB7412BFE77FB9FFF1CFB21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
MTQ:
<collectingCountry id="2BFB7668FFB7412BFE1FFB9FFD70FB02" box="[502,655,1146,1170]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
: G35728 Rarotonga*
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="E3843CA5FFB7412BFF00FB7CFDC7FB21" box="[233,568,1177,1201]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
G35712* G55536 Aitutaki;
<collectingCountry id="2BFB7668FFB7412BFDE8FB7CFDC7FB21" box="[513,568,1177,1201]" name="Niue" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Niue</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="E3843CA5FFB7412BFDA8FB7CFE90FB41" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G54667* G54670* G54671; Society Islands</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="E3843CA5FFB7412BFE91FB5CFD79FB41" box="[376,646,1208,1233]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G44034* G58650 Moorea</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="535336F8FFB7412BFF98FB17FDCCF912" blockId="15.[113,764,1266,1666]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFF98FB17FF30FA9A" box="[113,207,1266,1290]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="8C57885AFFB7412BFF98FB17FF35FA9A" box="[113,202,1266,1290]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Irregular hispidose colony ~
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFE0CFB17FDDDFA99" box="[485,546,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="75.0">75 cm</quantity>
in diameter (
<figureCitation id="CBD72A7DFFB7412BFD4DFB17FD15FA9A" box="[676,746,1266,1290]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[234,1368,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-89@16.[234,1368,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Acropora rongoi. Holotype MTQ G78411 in the field the lagoon at Rarotonga* Cook Islands (A* B) and in the laboratory (C* D); paratype MTQ G78418 in the field on the outer reef slope at Papua* Rarotonga* Cook Islands (E* F); and scanning electron microscope images showing axial (G) and radial corallite and coenosteum details (H) of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14443927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14443927/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Primary branches ≤
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFED1FAF4FE74FAB9" box="[312,395,1297,1321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFE00FAF4FDA8FAB9" box="[489,599,1297,1321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">1020 mm</quantity>
in diameter* secondary branches ≤
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFED8FAD4FE7AFAD8" box="[305,389,1329,1353]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFE0FFAD5FDAAFAD8" box="[486,597,1328,1352]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">1015 mm</quantity>
in diameter* and tertiary branches
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFECBFAB5FE79FAF7" box="[290,390,1360,1384]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">515 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFE02FAB5FDBDFAF7" box="[491,578,1360,1384]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">24 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Axial corallites tubular and exsert* outer diameter
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFDD2FA8AFD4BFA17" box="[571,692,1391,1415]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.8">1.82.2 mm</quantity>
* inner diameter
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFF26FA6AFEB4FA36" box="[207,331,1423,1447]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.9">0.91.2 mm</quantity>
. Radial corallites closely positioned but not touching* outer diameter
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFE97FA4BFE06FA56" box="[382,505,1454,1478]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.2">1.21.8 mm</quantity>
* inner diameter
<quantity id="94149B1DFFB7412BFD46FA4BFF69FA75" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.70.8 mm</quantity>
* haphazardly arranged and ranging in shape from tubular with oblique to dimidiate openings through to labellate with flaring lower lips (
<figureCitation id="CBD72A7DFFB7412BFF08F9E9FEB9F9B4" box="[225,326,1548,1572]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[234,1368,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-89@16.[234,1368,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Acropora rongoi. Holotype MTQ G78411 in the field the lagoon at Rarotonga* Cook Islands (A* B) and in the laboratory (C* D); paratype MTQ G78418 in the field on the outer reef slope at Papua* Rarotonga* Cook Islands (E* F); and scanning electron microscope images showing axial (G) and radial corallite and coenosteum details (H) of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14443927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14443927/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6BD</figureCitation>
). Both axial and radial corallites ossen show two prominent directive septa one-half to three-quarters of the radius of the calyx* but otherwise septa are weakly developed (
<figureCitation id="CBD72A7DFFB7412BFD3CF9AFFF6EF912" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[234,1368,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-89@16.[234,1368,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Acropora rongoi. Holotype MTQ G78411 in the field the lagoon at Rarotonga* Cook Islands (A* B) and in the laboratory (C* D); paratype MTQ G78418 in the field on the outer reef slope at Papua* Rarotonga* Cook Islands (E* F); and scanning electron microscope images showing axial (G) and radial corallite and coenosteum details (H) of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14443927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14443927/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
* H). The coenosteum is costate (
<figureCitation id="CBD72A7DFFB7412BFE31F98FFDDDF912" box="[472,546,1642,1666]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[249,1353,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-73@14.[249,1353,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Acropora tenuissima. Holotype MTQ G78705 in the field at Myrmidon Reef* Great Barrier Reef (A* B); paratype MTQ G78343 from Namaqumaqua* Viti Levu* Fiji (C); holotype skeletal details (D* E); and scanning electron microscope images of axial corallite (F)* radial corallites (G) and coenosteum (H) of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14443921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14443921/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="535336F8FFB7412BFF98F949FE7EF8EF" blockId="15.[113,762,1708,1920]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFF98F949FEBEF954" box="[113,321,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Molecular phylogeny:</emphasis>
The
<specimenCount id="45EAFD71FFB7412BFE9FF949FDF0F954" box="[374,527,1708,1732]" count="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
sequenced of this species from Rarotonga (
<collectingCountry id="2BFB7668FFB7412BFEB8F92EFE21F973" box="[337,478,1739,1763]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
) are recovered as a reciprocally monophyletic group in all phylogenetic trees (
<figureCitation id="CBD72A7DFFB7412BFD7EF90FFD28F893" box="[663,727,1770,1795]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[118,1455,148,1529]" captionTargetId="graphics-75@7.[118,1276,159,1526]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogeny based on the 50% complete edge-trimmed alignment matrix (2032 loci). A* inset phylogeny depicts the relationships among all six major Acropora clades (sensu Cowman et al. 2020) and the three subclades within clade I. Clade I-C is indicated by the dashed box. The position of Acropora selago (Clade VI) and Acropora donei (Clade III) are indicated. B* ML phylogeny of clade I-C. Ultrafast bootstrap support and gene/site concordance factors are indicated at the nodes (see key). Primary species hypotheses (PSHs) are indicated by clade labels. Field codes for each specimen (tip labels) also reflect the collection location: Great Barrier Reef (73-* 74-* 76-* GBR); Coral Sea (75-); Lord Howe Island* south-east Australia (81-)* Fiji (101-* FJ)* Tonga (TG); Rarotonga* Cook Islands (CI); Kimbe Bay* Bismarck Sea* Papua New Guinea (69-* KM); Palau (PL); Pohnpei (PN); Ningaloo Reef* Western Australia (88-); Ryukyu Islands* Japan (54-); Chagos (BFC); and Mayotte (MY)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14443913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14443913/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 2</figureCitation>
* 3; Supporting Information* Figs S1* S2). The species is sister to a group containing
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFECCF8CCFE41F8D1" authorityName="Hoffmeister" authorityYear="1925" box="[293,446,1833,1857]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pagoensis">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFECCF8CCFEC3F8D0" box="[293,316,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFE8AF8CFFE41F8D1" box="[355,446,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pagoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFE07F8CCFD90F8D1" authorityName="Bonito, Bridge, Fenner &amp; Baird" authorityYear="2024" box="[494,623,1833,1857]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuissima">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFE07F8CCFD90F8D1" box="[494,623,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. tenuissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectionCode id="35FDAE3DFFB7412BFD64F8CFFD4CF8D1" box="[653,691,1834,1857]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ML</collectionCode>
reconstruction* but appears as a direct sister species to
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFD89F8ACFD05F8F0" authorityName="Hoffmeister" authorityYear="1925" box="[608,762,1864,1888]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pagoensis">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFD89F8ACFD88F8F0" box="[608,631,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFD76F8ACFD05F8F0" box="[671,762,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pagoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the SNAPP species tree.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="535336F8FFB7412BFF98F844FBABFC47" blockId="15.[113,763,1953,2009]" lastBlockId="15.[810,1460,144,983]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFF98F844FF30F829" box="[113,207,1953,1977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks:</emphasis>
Colonygrowthformisirregularcaespitosetohispidose* with indeterminate growth. The
<typeStatus id="8C57885AFFB7412BFE3CF825FDD2F848" box="[469,557,1984,2008]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
* from the shallow lagoon of Rarotonga* has upright branches (
<figureCitation id="CBD72A7DFFB7412BFB12FF75FAB8FF38" box="[1275,1351,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[234,1368,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-89@16.[234,1368,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Acropora rongoi. Holotype MTQ G78411 in the field the lagoon at Rarotonga* Cook Islands (A* B) and in the laboratory (C* D); paratype MTQ G78418 in the field on the outer reef slope at Papua* Rarotonga* Cook Islands (E* F); and scanning electron microscope images showing axial (G) and radial corallite and coenosteum details (H) of the holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14443927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14443927/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
)* whereas
<typeStatus id="8C57885AFFB7412BFCC3FF55FC72FF58" box="[810,909,176,200]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from higher-energy outer reef slopes show thicker* flatter branches with fewer incipient axial corallites. Radial corallites are densely packed (touching in some specimens but not on the
<typeStatus id="8C57885AFFB7412BFCA6FEE8FC54FEB5" box="[847,939,269,293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)* of mixed sizes and shapes and ossen flaring* giving the colony a spikey* messy appearance. Colour varies from cream to brown. Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFBC9FEA9FB86FEF4" authorityName="Bridge &amp; Cowman &amp; Quaưrini &amp; Bonito &amp; Frederic &amp; Harii &amp; Head &amp; Hung &amp; Halafihi &amp; Rongo &amp; Baird" authorityYear="2024" box="[1056,1145,332,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rongoi">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFBC9FEA9FB86FEF4" box="[1056,1145,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. rongoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the collection at MTQ were previously identified as
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFBF4FE89FB86FE13" box="[1053,1145,364,387]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFBF4FE89FB86FE13" box="[1053,1145,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Verrill* 1866)*
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFAC9FE89FA4CFE13" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1312,1459,363,387]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elseyi">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFAC9FE89FA4CFE13" box="[1312,1459,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acropora elseyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Brook* 1892) and
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFC05FE6EFB75FE33" baseAuthorityName="Dana" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1004,1162,395,419]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="florida">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFC05FE6EFB75FE33" box="[1004,1162,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acropora florida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Dana* 1846)* attributable to the variability in gross morphology of
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFB45FE4FFAFAFE52" authorityName="Bridge &amp; Cowman &amp; Quaưrini &amp; Bonito &amp; Frederic &amp; Harii &amp; Head &amp; Hung &amp; Halafihi &amp; Rongo &amp; Baird" authorityYear="2024" box="[1196,1285,426,450]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rongoi">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFB45FE4FFAFAFE52" box="[1196,1285,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. rongoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in different habitats. Verrills
<typeStatus id="8C57885AFFB7412BFC44FE2CFBF6FE71" box="[941,1033,457,481]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFBC2FE2FFB78FE71" box="[1067,1159,458,481]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFBC2FE2FFB78FE71" box="[1067,1159,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Ryukyu Islands has similar radial corallite shape but is clearly distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFA75FE0CFC98FDB0" authorityName="Bridge &amp; Cowman &amp; Quaưrini &amp; Bonito &amp; Frederic &amp; Harii &amp; Head &amp; Hung &amp; Halafihi &amp; Rongo &amp; Baird" authorityYear="2024" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rongoi">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFA75FE0CFC98FDB0" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. rongoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of molecular and biogeographical evidence. Furthermore* the interpretation of
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFB64FDCDFB18FDAF" box="[1165,1255,552,575]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFB64FDCDFB18FDAF" box="[1165,1255,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as hispidose (Shirai 1980* Veron and Wallace 1984*
<bibRefCitation id="377D4B09FFB7412BFB86FDA2FB07FDCF" author="Wallace CC" box="[1135,1272,583,607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref24966" refString="Wallace CC. Staghorn Corals of the World: a Reoision of the Coral Genus Acropora. Collingwood * Victoria: CºIRO Publishing * 1999." type="book" year="1999">Wallace 1999</bibRefCitation>
) is likely to be incorrect because the
<typeStatus id="8C57885AFFB7412BFC1BFD83FBB1FDEE" box="[1010,1102,614,638]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
lacks tertiary branching (see below for further discussion on
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFBD4FD63FB63FD0D" box="[1085,1180,646,669]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFBD4FD63FB63FD0D" box="[1085,1180,646,669]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFB5FFD63FAB2FD0D" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1206,1357,645,669]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elseyi">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFB5FFD63FAB2FD0D" box="[1206,1357,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acropora elseyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can have similar gross morphology* but radial corallites are tubular to appressed tubular with thick walls and prominent septa* and the coenosteum is composed of elaborate spinules. Colonies from outer reef slopes can also superficially resemble colonies identified as
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFC6AFCC7FC1EFCAA" baseAuthorityName="Dana" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[899,993,802,826]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="florida">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFC6AFCC7FC1EFCAA" box="[899,993,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. florida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when tertiary branches become stunted and resemble the ramiculi of
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFBCAFCA4FB81FCC9" baseAuthorityName="Dana" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1059,1150,833,857]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="florida">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFBCAFCA4FB81FCC9" box="[1059,1150,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. florida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However* the colony shape of
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFCC3FC84FC77FCE8" baseAuthorityName="Dana" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[810,904,864,888]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="florida">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFCC3FC84FC77FCE8" box="[810,904,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. florida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Dana* 1846) is arborescent* not hispidose.
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFAB0FC84FC9BFC08" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFAB0FC84FC9BFC08" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acropora affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Brook* 1893)* synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="94EC4D7BFFB7412BFB23FC65FAD9FC08" baseAuthorityName="Dana" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1226,1318,896,920]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="florida">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFB23FC65FAD9FC08" box="[1226,1318,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. florida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Veron and Wallace (1984)* may be hispidose* but this species is in clade III (
<bibRefCitation id="377D4B09FFB7412BFCDDFC5AFC01FC47" author="Cowman PF" box="[820,1022,958,983]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref20994" refString="Cowman PF * Quaurini AM * Bridge TC * et al. An enhanced targetenrichment bait set for Hexacorallia provides phylogenomic resolution of the staghorn corals (Acroporidae) and close relatives. Molecular Phylogenetics and Eoolution 2020; 153: 106944." type="journal volume" year="2020">
Cowman
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFC71FC5AFC39FC46" box="[920,966,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="CBD72A7DFFB7412BFBE2FC5BFBBCFC47" box="[1035,1091,958,983]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[118,1455,148,1529]" captionTargetId="graphics-75@7.[118,1276,159,1526]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogeny based on the 50% complete edge-trimmed alignment matrix (2032 loci). A* inset phylogeny depicts the relationships among all six major Acropora clades (sensu Cowman et al. 2020) and the three subclades within clade I. Clade I-C is indicated by the dashed box. The position of Acropora selago (Clade VI) and Acropora donei (Clade III) are indicated. B* ML phylogeny of clade I-C. Ultrafast bootstrap support and gene/site concordance factors are indicated at the nodes (see key). Primary species hypotheses (PSHs) are indicated by clade labels. Field codes for each specimen (tip labels) also reflect the collection location: Great Barrier Reef (73-* 74-* 76-* GBR); Coral Sea (75-); Lord Howe Island* south-east Australia (81-)* Fiji (101-* FJ)* Tonga (TG); Rarotonga* Cook Islands (CI); Kimbe Bay* Bismarck Sea* Papua New Guinea (69-* KM); Palau (PL); Pohnpei (PN); Ningaloo Reef* Western Australia (88-); Ryukyu Islands* Japan (54-); Chagos (BFC); and Mayotte (MY)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14443913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14443913/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="535336F8FFB7412BFCC3FC1DFB74FBDF" blockId="15.[810,1459,1016,1103]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFCC3FC1DFC57FB80" box="[810,936,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution:</emphasis>
Currently known from the
<collectingCountry id="2BFB7668FFB7412BFB0BFC1DFA94FB80" box="[1250,1387,1016,1040]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
*
<collectingCountry id="2BFB7668FFB7412BFA69FC1DFA4CFB80" box="[1408,1459,1016,1040]" name="Niue" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Niue</collectingCountry>
and the Society Islands*
<collectingCountry id="2BFB7668FFB7412BFBC2FBF2FB22FBBF" box="[1067,1245,1047,1071]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
in the South Pacific (Supporting Information* Fig. S6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="535336F8FFB7412BFCC3FB95FB32FB56" blockId="15.[810,1459,1136,1222]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="6198EAEAFFB7412BFCC3FB95FC66FB18" box="[810,921,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology:</emphasis>
Named for Dr Teina Rongo in recognition of his contribution to research and conservation of coral reefs and the marine environment in the
<collectingCountry id="2BFB7668FFB7412BFBA8FB4BFB36FB56" box="[1089,1225,1198,1222]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>