485 lines
37 KiB
XML
485 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713" ID-PMC="PMC5972148" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-99-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6" ID-PubMed="29861651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1254650" ModsDocID="1314-2003-99-1" checkinTime="1526951308438" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Block, Petra De, Rakotonasolo, Franck, Ntore, Salvator, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, & Janssens, Steven" docDate="2018" docId="7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 99: 1-66" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 99" docPubDate="2018-05-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713" docTitle="Pseudocoptosperma menabense Capuron ex De Block 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6" masterDocTitle="Four new endemic genera of Rubiaceae (Pavetteae) from Madagascar represent multiple radiations into drylands" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668142303887" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Four new endemic genera of Rubiaceae (Pavetteae) from Madagascar represent multiple radiations into drylands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Block, Petra De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">petra.deblock@plantentuinmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rakotonasolo, Franck</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Lot II J 131 Ambodivoanjo, Ivandry, Antananarivo, Madagascar & Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo- 101, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ntore, Salvator</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, P. O. Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Janssens, Steven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-05-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>99</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>66</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-99-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1254650</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="144059747" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="7FC4DAC6-234B-F741-4C7E-90A9F7BD99EA" authority="Capuron ex De Block" authorityName="Capuron ex De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pseudocoptosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudocoptosperma menabense" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menabense" status="sp. nov.">Pseudocoptosperma menabense Capuron ex De Block</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Pseudocoptosperma menabense. A fruiting branch B stipule C triad of flowers (corollas removed) D bracteole, ovary and calyx E corolla, style, stigma and anthers F placenta and ovules, abaxial view G fruit H pyrene I seed J longitudinal section through seed. A, B Groeninckx et al. 108 C-F Martin 8252 - SF G-J Rabarivola 19861 - SF." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203825" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 10</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Pollen of Pseudocoptosperma and Tulearia. A-C, J Pseudocoptosperma menabense D-F, K Tulearia capsaintemariensis G-I, L, M T. splendida. A, D, G polar view B, E, H equatorial view C, F, I mesocolpium J-L ectoaperture M pollen grain wall. A-C, J Capuron 20569 - SF; D-F, K Groeninckx et al. 309 G-I, L, M Capuron 20777 - SF." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203828" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 13 A-C, J</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Differing from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mouly & De Block" authorityYear="2008" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coptosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptosperma mitochondrioides" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mitochondrioides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coptosperma mitochondrioides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Mouly & De Block by the triangular, keeled stipules with a robust awn (vs. stipules of the "bec du canard" type with rounded tip) and the smooth fruits (vs. fruits with ca. 10 longitudinal ribs).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1953-12-19" country="MADAGASCAR" location="Barthe" municipality="Tsimembo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mahajanga Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga">Mahajanga Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
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<collectingMunicipality>Tsimembo</collectingMunicipality>
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, dans la concession
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:A82D2D530F8EFD6A8338E213F0C1B632" country="MADAGASCAR" municipality="Tsimembo" name="Barthe" stateProvince="Mahajanga Province">Barthe</location>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1953-12-19">19 Dec 1953</collectingDate>
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(fl.), Martin 8252-SF (
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: P!; isotypes: BR!, TEF!)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Shrub or small tree to
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<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
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tall, dbh to
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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; young shoots bisulcate, dark brown, densely covered with short erect hairs; older branches pale brown or fawn, glabrescent, in dried condition strongly contrasting with the blackish-brown stipules and dark brown petioles. Leaves 5-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">1-2.5 cm</quantity>
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, narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate; blades coriaceous, drying glossy and brown or more rarely greenish above, somewhat paler and dull below, glabrous on both surfaces; base cuneate to attenuate; apex acuminate, acumen
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">5-12 mm</quantity>
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long; midrib raised and secondary and tertiary nerves somewhat raised on the lower leaf surface; midrib impressed on the upper leaf surface; 10-16 secondary nerves on each side of the midrib. Petioles
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2-6 mm</quantity>
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long, glabrous. Stipules drying blackish-brown, rapidly becoming corky, caducous, triangular with the robust awn as long as or longer than the basal sheath, glabrous outside, glabrous but with 2-3 basal rows of colleters inside; sheaths
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">1-2.5 mm</quantity>
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long; awns
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2-4 mm</quantity>
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long. Inflorescences consisting of numerous flowers, 1-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2-7 cm</quantity>
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, sessile; inflorescence axes, pedicels, bracts and bracteoles densely covered with short erect hairs, green but drying dark brown; bracts with stipular parts reduced and foliar parts triangular and vaulted,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 mm</quantity>
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long, densely covered with appressed hairs and with a basal row of colleters inside, margins ciliate; central first order bracts often with stipular parts reduced and foliar parts leaf-like, 0.5-4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(0.2-)
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="cm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.4-0.9 cm</quantity>
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, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, base attenuate or cuneate, petiole
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 mm</quantity>
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long; bracteoles at the base of the ovary, broadly triangular,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.4">0.4-0.7 mm</quantity>
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long, tips rounded to obtuse, with appressed hairs mostly in the upper half and a single colleter at each side of the base inside; first order axes
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5-2.5 cm</quantity>
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long. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, pedicels
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">0-1 mm</quantity>
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long with central flowers mostly sessile. Calyx green, glabrous outside; tube ca.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
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long, glabrous and without colleters inside; lobes ovate,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2-0.3 mm</quantity>
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long, bases not overlapping but closely joining, tips rounded to obtuse, rarely acute. Corolla tube
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5-2.5 mm</quantity>
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long, ca.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
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in diameter at the base, ca.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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in diameter at the throat, glabrous outside, throat and upper third to half moderately to densely covered with erect hairs inside; lobes oblong, 2-2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.5" unit="mm" value="0.875" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.75">0.75-1 mm</quantity>
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, glabrous on both surfaces, tip blunt and emarginate. Stamens completely exserted at anthesis; filaments <
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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long; anthers
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3-1.5 mm</quantity>
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long. Ovary
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5-1 mm</quantity>
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long, green, glabrous. Style and stigma white, exserted from the corolla tube for
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 mm</quantity>
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at anthesis; style densely covered with spreading, upwardly directed hairs in upper half; stigma with upper
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-2 mm</quantity>
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fusiform, longitudinal papillate lines running down for a further
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1-1.5 mm</quantity>
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. Fruits spherical,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3-3.5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter (persistent calyx not included), glabrous, drying dark brown, somewhat glossy and wrinkled when ripe; seeds ca.
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dry deciduous forest, on sand (white sand and laterite); alt. 0-800 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Occurring in western Madagascar from 23° to 15° 30'S; recorded in the Atsimo-Andrefana, Menabe, Melaky and Sofia Regions. Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution maps. A Exallosperma longiflora B Helictosperma malacophylla C H. poissoniana D Pseudocoptosperma menabense E Tulearia splendida F T. capsaintemariensis." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/203829" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14D</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering: December-January; Fruiting: January-March.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular names">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kerehetika (Martin 8252-SF); masonjohany (dialect Sakalava; Rabarivola 19861-SF); taolakena (dialect Sakalava; Ravelosaona 6592-SF); vahona (Harmelin 10202-RN bis).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular uses">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wood used by Sakalava against headaches (Razafimandimbison & Bremer 487).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="critical notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Critical notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Capuron ex De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pseudocoptosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudocoptosperma menabense" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menabense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudocoptosperma menabense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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strongly resembles a
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coptosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptosperma" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coptosperma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species. Like
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coptosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptosperma" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coptosperma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, it has coriaceous, glabrous leaves and terminal, sessile, compact inflorescences with pentamerous white flowers with small-sized corolla tubes, bracteoles, ovaries, calyx tubes and calyx lobes. Furthermore, the fruits have a single ruminate seed. However,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. menabense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="menabense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. menabense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is unique within the group of species currently brought together under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coptosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptosperma" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coptosperma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the combination of the keeled triangular stipules with well-developed awn and the placentation (3 ovules pendulous from a small placenta attached to the upper half of the septum). Some
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coptosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptosperma" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coptosperma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species also have three pendulous ovules but their stipules are of a different type, notably, the "bec du canard" type (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Capuron, R" journalOrPublisher="Oryx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B14" refString="Capuron, R, 1973. Revision des Rubiacees de Madagascar et des Comores. Unpublished manuscript: notes regroupees et mises en forme par J Bosser, dactylographiees de F Chauvet. Laboratoire de Phanerogamie, MNHN, Paris." title="Revision des Rubiacees de Madagascar et des Comores. Unpublished manuscript: notes regroupees et mises en forme par J Bosser, dactylographiees de F Chauvet. Laboratoire de Phanerogamie, MNHN, Paris." year="1973">Capuron 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this case the stipular sheaths are flat with a rounded or obtuse apex, i.e. they are pressed against each other in such a way that their margins meet without overlapping (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3668694" author="De Block, P" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Geography of Plants" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="455 - 492" refId="B22" refString="De Block, P, Degreef, J, Robbrecht, E, 2001. Reinstatement of the Afro-malagasy genus Coptosperma (Rubiaceae). Systematics and Geography of Plants 71 (2): 455 - 492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3668694" title="Reinstatement of the Afro-malagasy genus Coptosperma (Rubiaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3668694" volume="71" year="2001">De Block et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1), whereas the stipules in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. menabense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="menabense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. menabense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are folded around each other (visible only in the youngest stipule pair). Species without the "bec du canard" stipule type usually have ovules (1 to 3) impressed in a large placenta. - Some specimens in the herbarium TEF bear the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Enterospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Enterospermum menabense" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menabense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Enterospermum menabense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Capuron, but the species was hitherto not formally described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary iucn assessment">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary IUCN assessment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Vulnerable: VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv) + 2ab(i,ii,iii,iv). The extent of occurrence (EOO) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Capuron ex De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pseudocoptosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudocoptosperma menabense" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menabense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pseudocoptosperma menabense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, estimated to be 86,558 km2, exceeds the limits for the Vulnerable status under sub-criterion B1 but its area of occupancy (AOO), estimated to be 117 km2, falls within the limits for the Endangered category under sub-criterion B2. The species occurs in five locations, two of which are in protected areas: Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park and Kirindy Mitea National Park. The species is known from 16 collections, half of which were collected after the year 2000. The major threat for this species is habitat loss by logging for charcoal and timber, burning for grazing and slash-and-burn agriculture both inside and outside the protected areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nicoll, ME" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B59" refString="Nicoll, ME, Langrand, O, 1989. Madagascar: Revue de la conservation et des aires protegees. World Wide Fund for Nature, Gland, 1-374." title="Madagascar: Revue de la conservation et des aires protegees. World Wide Fund for Nature, Gland, 1 - 374." year="1989">Nicoll and Langrand 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hence, based on the above information, the species is listed as Vulnerable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1959-01-11" collectingDateMax="2010-03-18" collectingDateMin="1959-01-11" collectorName="de Tsimembo, E d'Ambereny, De Block, Groeninckx, Rakotonasolo, Tsimembo, Barthe, Antsalova" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Menabe" elevation="6242" location="Capuron" municipality="Antsalova" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mahajanga Province">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga">Mahajanga Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ménabé">
|
||
<collectingCounty>Menabe</collectingCounty>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>de Tsimembo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
E
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambereny">d'Ambereny</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Antsalova</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1966-03-29" valueMax="1966-03-31" valueMin="1966-03-29">29-31 Mar 1966</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:E217F1BDCA4FD75D8A4E2B9F011AE4D5" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Menabe" municipality="Antsalova" name="Capuron" stateProvince="Mahajanga Province">Capuron</location>
|
||
24598-SF (BR, P, TEF);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:A50F275282F66805587A3153BA7A0B00" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Menabe" municipality="Antsalova" name="Antsalova" stateProvince="Mahajanga Province">Antsalova</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:1541F76C1453176DAE2BCAF4A576CC1E" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Menabe" municipality="Antsalova" name="Ambereny" stateProvince="Mahajanga Province">Ambereny</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1959-01-11">11 Jan 1959</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:5F653A5C9160FBAAB188D806B32E02A5" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Menabe" municipality="Antsalova" name="Harmelin" stateProvince="Mahajanga Province">Harmelin</location>
|
||
10202-RN bis (BR, P, TEF); region of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:53E8BD13A5AA684A8044C3922493833A" country="MADAGASCAR" county="Menabe" municipality="Antsalova" name="Port Berge" stateProvince="Mahajanga Province">
|
||
Port
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bergé">Berge</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, along RN
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.242" unit="m" value="6242.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.242" unit="m" value="6242.0">6, 242 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2010-03-18">18 Mar 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.),
|
||
<collectorName>De Block</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Groeninckx</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Rakotonasolo</collectorName>
|
||
2354 (BR, G, K, MO, P, S, TAN);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>Tsimembo</collectorName>
|
||
, dans la concession
|
||
<collectorName>Barthe</collectorName>
|
||
, district
|
||
<collectorName>Antsalova</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1961-03-17">17 Mar 1961</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.), Rabarivola 19861-SF (P, TEF)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1953-01-04" collectingDateMax="2007-01-31" collectingDateMin="1953-01-04" collectorName="de Jarindrano, de Kirindi, Rakotonasolo, Wilkin, De Block, Groeninckx, Dessein, Razafindrabeaza, Abraham, Razafimandimbison, Bremer" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" elevation="10" location="Sakaraha" municipality="Maromiandry" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toliara Province">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Madagascar" name="Toliara">Toliara Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>de Jarindrano</collectorName>
|
||
, rive gauche du haut
|
||
<collectingCounty>Fiherenana</collectingCounty>
|
||
, E de
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Maromiandry</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:2F6D0771CE45BCC8EB95F215986044C6" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" municipality="Maromiandry" name="Sakaraha" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Sakaraha</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1961-12-29">29 Dec 1961</collectingDate>
|
||
(fl.),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:0E4D12DCD9E9342152C9ACCFA10FA3AF" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" municipality="Maromiandry" name="Capuron" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Capuron</location>
|
||
20569-SF (BR, P, TEF);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andranomena">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:80B26D7BBA282C903A8B945C84D2B1FC" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" municipality="Maromiandry" name="d'Andranomena" stateProvince="Toliara Province">d'Andranomena</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Andranomena" secondLocation="Marofandilia, Morondava">entre Andranomena et Marofandilia, Morondava</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1962-01-19">19 Jan 1962</collectingDate>
|
||
(fl.),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:4237961904D264693CEA7AF884F0CD8A" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" municipality="Maromiandry" name="Capuron" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Capuron</location>
|
||
20895-SF (BR, P, TEF);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:D2110BF4EE339DD1FB4ECF2FB2210765" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" municipality="Maromiandry" name="Morondava District" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Morondava District</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<collectorName>de Kirindi</collectorName>
|
||
, CFPF
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:89C698E8E30FA95BE7F6D48BF5B971D0" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" municipality="Maromiandry" name="Morondava" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Morondava</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andalandahalo">d'Andalandahalo</normalizedToken>
|
||
), jardin botanique 2, c.
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Morondava">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="km" value="45.0">45 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Morondava
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2000-02-20">20 Feb 2000</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.), Davis,
|
||
<collectorName>Rakotonasolo</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Wilkin</collectorName>
|
||
2564 (BR, K, TAN);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:8F0F77201398E8BCAFE3B3B6D6E8D5F6" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" municipality="Maromiandry" name="Kirindi forest" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Kirindi forest</location>
|
||
, N part - Conoco 7, 16 m,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2007-01-19">19 Jan 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.),
|
||
<collectorName>De Block</collectorName>
|
||
, Rakotonasolo,
|
||
<collectorName>Groeninckx</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Dessein</collectorName>
|
||
2187 (BR, MO, P, TAN);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:A8C6B9092EDD862F3BCDBE0EF5657263" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" municipality="Maromiandry" name="Morondava" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Morondava</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:CADAD17CD46F06788F27EC0F9D2B2071" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" municipality="Maromiandry" name="Kirindi Forest" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Kirindi Forest</location>
|
||
, close to ecotourist camp,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" unit="m" value="73.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" unit="m" value="73.0">73 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2007-01-20">20 Jan 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.),
|
||
<collectorName>De Block</collectorName>
|
||
, Rakotonasolo,
|
||
<collectorName>Groeninckx</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Dessein</collectorName>
|
||
2208 (BR, K, MO, P, TAN);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:B1AAE95700385CA4543E213039299447" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" municipality="Maromiandry" name="Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park</location>
|
||
, Zombitse,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2007-01-31">31 Jan 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.),
|
||
<collectorName>De Block</collectorName>
|
||
, Rakotonasolo,
|
||
<collectorName>Groeninckx</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Dessein</collectorName>
|
||
2257 (BR, K, MO, P, TAN); Lamboukily,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
|
||
of base camp in Kirindi,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" unit="m" value="42.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" unit="m" value="42.0">42 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2007-01-20">20 Jan 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.), Groeninckx, Rakotonasolo,
|
||
<collectorName>Dessein</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>De Block</collectorName>
|
||
102 (BR, MO, P, TAN); Lamboukily,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
|
||
of base camp in Kirindi,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" unit="m" value="42.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" unit="m" value="42.0">42 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2007-01-20">20 Jan 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.), Groeninckx, Rakotonasolo,
|
||
<collectorName>Dessein</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>De Block</collectorName>
|
||
108 (BR, MO, P, TAN); Menabe,
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Morondava">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="km" value="55.0">55 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of Morondava
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
, route 8 at CPPF,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:2145D6F9EACD3FF5A50A1AF4C4F4581A" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" municipality="Maromiandry" name="Kirindy forest" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Kirindy forest</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="km" value="0.375" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.25">0.25 to 0.5 km</quantity>
|
||
NE of principal concession road,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="km" value="4.5">4.5 km</quantity>
|
||
E of route 8, block CN4 and CN5, 35 m,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1992-03-19" valueMax="1992-03-20" valueMin="1992-03-19">19-20 Mar 1992</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.), Noyes, Harder, Rakotobe,
|
||
<collectorName>Razafindrabeaza</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Abraham</collectorName>
|
||
1039 (BR, K, MO, P);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andranofotsy">d'Andranofotsy</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="situé">situe</normalizedToken>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
N du village du
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="même">meme</normalizedToken>
|
||
nom, Belo,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Tsirihihina" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Tsirihihina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1953-01-04">4 Jan 1953</collectingDate>
|
||
(fr.), Ravelosaona 6592-SF (BR, TEF); Atsimo-Andrefana,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7FC4DAC6234BF7414C7E90A9F7BD99EA:51680B4D86A53596983A2456AFEEA8C6" country="Madagascar" county="Fiherenana" municipality="Maromiandry" name="Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park" stateProvince="Toliara Province">Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park</location>
|
||
, along
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ritik’ala">Ritik'ala</normalizedToken>
|
||
trail,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="700.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
from the start at the carpark,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.5" unit="m" value="775.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="750.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.5" unit="m" value="775.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="750.0">750-800 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2003-12-03">3 Dec. 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
(fl.),
|
||
<collectorName>Razafimandimbison</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Bremer</collectorName>
|
||
487 (UPS)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |