535 lines
112 KiB
XML
535 lines
112 KiB
XML
<document id="B1C1B513B669A61129BE3052925DD315" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f06554e0-2d16-4b9c-86b4-f79ba641f463" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="247697" ID-ZooBank="E921A12B-1177-4D84-A422-E0EF4C915FF9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460670637088" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Siebert, Stefan, Pugh, Phil R., Haddock, Steven H. D. & Dunn, Casey W." docDate="2013" docId="64678795FFE91204FF5200E0FD49E1C7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03702p232.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3702 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Apolemia rubriversa Siebert, Pugh, Haddock & Dunn, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="220" masterDocId="985EFFEDFFE51217FFC5065EFF94E04F" masterDocTitle="Re-evaluation of characters in Apolemiidae (Siphonophora), with description of two new species from Monterey Bay, California" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="213" updateTime="1698348229701" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="33E69BCB91E864A500A31946D22392EC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="36522879D076D764A5920107373A2016">
|
||
<mods:title id="2514C999775DB6AC955D95FC7B8BB1EA">Re-evaluation of characters in Apolemiidae (Siphonophora), with description of two new species from Monterey Bay, California</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="8FD7AF4A08476EB4B0DA47CF92535EF2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5684FF20C8274941AE65D5A3AE3281B8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DE69A83BD6956BCC5A5080B5E600C3ED">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="32DDE4BC9ED567388662771613C9049F">Siebert, Stefan</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A08F4CDD5217DF6BB8B11563D39E6B86" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4EF3DF33C8A2826CA272D1A3DA078083">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="978088E85E041FDD2782FCC2344D0BF7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5EAE87F91A6932E547C20B3F66F1D982">Pugh, Phil R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7EE878B8C1BC99EF8BA1C10DC8FF343E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="69ECFF2B2F3E88CDAD546FB8ED0618AB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8132C400BA97FB28189A715662FCA5BC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4A72EC3741B10E3E831B2DD2A04A4BCB">Haddock, Steven H. D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="915449B0D8CFB2694FB8438865C19569" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BBD9424010AB15E6A751DF628D402B44">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1322D20C389903D531E6EBCFC346E19D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="86831D3000F633772312815252BA3306">Dunn, Casey W.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="7B23BC03685C2D0DDD47EE7FD3A4896A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="8E8F4C83EC68FAF3C740C0A13F991B8F" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CEEDDAA98D0B56C80F9E7169A925F28F">
|
||
<mods:title id="CFD960BE4FAF63C902A3C1549569E009">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="2EFEF7EF95A950B3467251ABC1B6CAF7">
|
||
<mods:date id="8FF850A7C7C56CC3CA57C45AF0E7BE74">2013</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D321B1908EE854B375F982EA36B892D6" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="4F400B231005DDCEAD7451681963DEEE">3702</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="2251A52E67F54E708FC6FD08CC3C1C51" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="41CB8ACFF1E444916D01C9C3B8138EFF">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="CF2720A4B9636436523CBD4B80A08DC0" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="59864051D75388D9B1288905B8393E0E">201</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="21C1CB8D5F3BBE3019C59FF87D8FB37F">232</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="2A3CE853F0BCB5DEB4ADF8CE513EA7D7">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D83BFEFBF730C8F3ACCE17628B67AE59" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="30AF223B1FACD552FFAE3C72FBA4D9FD" type="GBIF-Dataset">f06554e0-2d16-4b9c-86b4-f79ba641f463</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="469FC06B93F570563B80056F68024B84" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="45AC5C8F171AF94D8AA05990D1E301B6" type="Zenodo-Dep">247697</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9F5E94E436BE0FAC0C4A3C8DA1E2932E" type="ZooBank">E921A12B-1177-4D84-A422-E0EF4C915FF9</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="64678795FFE91204FF5200E0FD49E1C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6152219" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119580355" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6152219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:64678795FFE91204FF5200E0FD49E1C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/64678795FFE91204FF5200E0FD49E1C7" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<subSubSection id="A4D46508FFE9121BFF5200E0FE60E697" box="[151,500,1726,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFE9121BFF5200E0FE60E697" blockId="12.[151,500,1726,1752]" box="[151,500,1726,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<heading id="B73981EFFFE9121BFF5200E0FE60E697" bold="true" box="[151,500,1726,1752]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE9121BFF5200E0FE60E697" bold="true" box="[151,500,1726,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFE9121BFF5200E0FE1BE697" ID-CoL="FTFM" box="[151,399,1726,1752]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubriversa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE9121BFF5200E0FE1BE697" bold="true" box="[151,399,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Apolemia rubriversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C58957EAFFE9121BFE5300E0FE60E697" box="[406,500,1726,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A4D46508FFE9121AFF52015BFCC3E152" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFE9121BFF52015BFABFE751" blockId="12.[151,1436,1797,2038]" box="[151,1323,1797,1822]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE9121BFF52015BFE16E751" bold="true" box="[151,386,1797,1822]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE9121BFE4C0158FD8CE751" box="[393,536,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Doc Ricketts</emphasis>
|
||
Dive D331-D4, 0
|
||
<date id="98701043FFE9121BFD270158FCF1E751" box="[738,869,1798,1822]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" value="2011-12-07">7 Dec 2011</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="89FA5044FFE9121BFCB5015BFC62E751" box="[880,1014,1797,1822]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" precision="9" value="36.699833">36°41.99’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="89FA5044FFE9121BFBC70158FB07E751" box="[1026,1171,1797,1822]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" precision="9" value="-122.09983">122° 5.99’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<specimenCount id="FAC8FD0AFFE9121BFB26015BFABFE751" box="[1251,1323,1797,1822]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="2B369B66FFE9121BFB26015BFAB2E751" box="[1251,1318,1797,1822]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="650.0">650m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFE9121BFF020174FBE1E70D" blockId="12.[151,1436,1797,2038]" box="[199,1141,1833,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE9121BFF020174FEC1E70D" box="[199,341,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Doc Ricketts</emphasis>
|
||
Dive D195-D5, 0
|
||
<date id="98701043FFE9121BFDE50174FD0BE70D" box="[544,671,1834,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" value="2010-10-07">7 Oct 2010</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="89FA5044FFE9121BFD6F0177FCA0E70D" box="[682,820,1833,1858]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" precision="9" value="36.5995">36º 35.97’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="89FA5044FFE9121BFC850174FC49E70D" box="[832,989,1834,1858]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" precision="1" value="-122.1488">122º 8.928’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<specimenCount id="FAC8FD0AFFE9121BFBE80174FBE1E70D" box="[1069,1141,1834,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="2B369B66FFE9121BFBE80174FBE4E70D" box="[1069,1136,1834,1858]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="780.0">780m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFE9121BFF020110FBB1E729" blockId="12.[151,1436,1797,2038]" box="[199,1061,1869,1894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFE9121BFF020110FEEEE729" authority="Dive V" authorityName="Dive V" box="[199,378,1869,1894]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Humiriaceae" genus="Ventana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE9121BFF020110FEB5E72A" box="[199,289,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Ventana</emphasis>
|
||
Dive V
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
908,
|
||
<date id="98701043FFE9121BFE770110FDDEE729" box="[434,586,1869,1894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" value="1995-06-20">20 June 1995</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="89FA5044FFE9121BFD900113FD77E729" box="[597,739,1869,1894]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" precision="9" value="36.705666">36° 42.34’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="89FA5044FFE9121BFD2B0110FC19E729" box="[750,909,1870,1894]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" precision="9" value="-122.03733">122° 02.24’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<specimenCount id="FAC8FD0AFFE9121BFC180113FBB1E729" box="[989,1061,1869,1894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="2B369B66FFE9121BFC180113FBB5E729" box="[989,1057,1869,1894]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.09" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="609.0">609m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFE9121BFF02012FFEC0E7B9" blockId="12.[151,1436,1797,2038]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
Only the anterior parts of the colonies, including the pneumatophore, nectosome, and anterior siphosome were collected.
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE9121BFECF01C8FEC5E7E2" box="[266,337,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
high-definition videos were recorded for both Doc Ricketts specimens (Supplementary video, for
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE9121BFF5201E4FEB2E79D" box="[151,294,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Doc Ricketts</emphasis>
|
||
D311-D
|
||
<specimenCount id="FAC8FD0AFFE9121BFE4D01E4FD98E79D" box="[392,524,1977,2002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="generic">4 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
). The following observations were made on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFE9121BFBEF01E7FB18E79D" box="[1066,1164,1977,2002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and on live tissue if not stated otherwise.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFE8121AFF0206C9FCC3E152" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFE8121AFF0206C9FEBAE0FF" box="[199,302,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE8121AFF0206C9FEBAE0FF" box="[199,302,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
: The specimen from
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE8121AFDD906C7FD3FE0FF" box="[540,683,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Doc Ricketts</emphasis>
|
||
dive D311-D4 has been designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFE8121AFB4006C9FB7FE0FF" box="[1157,1259,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The specimens from
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE8121AFF1006E3FEF0E09A" box="[213,356,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Doc Ricketts</emphasis>
|
||
dive D195-D5 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFE8121AFD8006E3FD6DE09B" authority="Dive V" authorityName="Dive V" box="[581,761,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Humiriaceae" genus="Ventana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE8121AFD8006E3FD0BE09B" box="[581,671,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Ventana</emphasis>
|
||
Dive V
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
908 have been designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFE8121AFB8706E3FB25E09A" box="[1090,1201,189,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. All three specimens have been deposited at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC (
|
||
<collectionCode id="8ADFAE46FFE8121AFA8C06BEFA08E0B7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1353,1436,224,248]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1207947,
|
||
<collectionCode id="8ADFAE46FFE8121AFEC2075AFECCE153" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[263,344,260,284]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1207948 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="8ADFAE46FFE8121AFE32075AFDDCE153" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[503,584,260,284]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1207949, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A4D46508FFE81205FF020779FE4DE6B4" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFE8121AFF020779FDA3E19F" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE8121AFF020779FED5E10F" bold="true" box="[199,321,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Nectophores, with upper and upper lateral surfaces densely covered in patches of nematocysts. Refractile cells sparsely scattered between, but not within, these patches. Lateral radial canals with up to three distinctive diverticula extending along the wall of the nectosac and not penetrating into the mesoglea. Two median patches of red pigmentation present on the lower surface; one in the vicinity of the thrust block and the other, more prominent, one in the ventral groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFE8121AFF020782FAEFE2CA" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
Siphosomal growth zone with pronounced horn. Cormidia pedunculate. All siphosomal zooids borne on the peduncle of the gastrozooid, with naked stem between them. The cormidia with distinct biserial arrangement and peduncles attach left and right from the midline. Upper surface of bract entirely covered with patches of nematocysts, with refractile cells present outside of nematocyst patches predominately at the margins of the upper bract surface. Bracteal canal usually with distinct diverticula penetrating into the mesoglea. One
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFE8121AFB170433FA96E2CA" box="[1234,1282,621,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of palpon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFE8121AFF0204D1FB92E2BF" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE8121AFF0204D1FE39E2E7" box="[199,429,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">General appearance</emphasis>
|
||
: The overall appearance of the colony was brown-red in color. This was mainly caused by colored gastrovascular fluid within the gastric system (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFE8121AFD3804EAFCD5E283" box="[765,833,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1860,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1125,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1125,1839]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A – B) In situ photographs of holotype specimens. (A) Apolemia lanosa sp. nov., approximate length 2 m. (B) Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov., approximately 1.2 m in length. (C – D) Anterior regions of the collected, unfixed specimens of (C) A. lanosa, which had already lost most of its bracts (Scale bar 2 cm); and (D) A. rubriversa, whith most of its mature nectophores detached (Scale bar 2.5 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247699/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B,D). The bracts were nearly transparent and gave the siphosome a ragged appearance rather than a well-defined outline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFE8121AFC400489FC5DE2BF" box="[901,969,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1860,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1125,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1125,1839]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A – B) In situ photographs of holotype specimens. (A) Apolemia lanosa sp. nov., approximate length 2 m. (B) Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov., approximately 1.2 m in length. (C – D) Anterior regions of the collected, unfixed specimens of (C) A. lanosa, which had already lost most of its bracts (Scale bar 2 cm); and (D) A. rubriversa, whith most of its mature nectophores detached (Scale bar 2.5 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247699/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B,D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFE8121AFF0204A2FB4BE377" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE8121AFF0204A2FE16E35A" box="[199,386,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Pneumatophore:</emphasis>
|
||
The pneumatophore of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFE8121AFD7004A2FC83E35A" box="[693,791,764,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was oval, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="2B369B66FFE8121AFBF304A2FB1FE35B" box="[1078,1163,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and
|
||
<quantity id="2B369B66FFE8121AFAEC04A2FAEBE35B" box="[1321,1407,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
as maximum diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFE8121AFE440541FE44E377" box="[385,464,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Nectosome of the holotype (live, A, B) and specimen D 195 (fixed, C). (A) Nectosomal growth zone and pnematophore. Older nectophores, densely covered in nematocysts, are at the bottom of the frame. Scale bar 1 mm. Anterior is pointing out of the page, ventral to the lower right of the pane. (B) Contracted nectosome and anterior portion of the siphosome. Anterior is to the left, ventral is down. 1, 2, 3: nectophoral palpons accompanying a single nectophore. Nectosomal palpons with colored gastric content. Scale bar 2 mm. (C) Ventral view of posterior part of the nectosome showing nectophoral palpon attachment scars (dashed circles) to the left of the posterior end of the associated nectophore lamellae. Dashed line indicates one nectophore lamella. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247708/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The gas-filled pneumatosaccus was covered with orange pigment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B8B1660BFFE8121AFF520073FC79E6B4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247708/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" targetBox="[151,1436,877,1559]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFE8121AFF520073FC79E6B4" blockId="13.[151,1436,1581,1787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE8121AFF520073FEB7E60C" bold="true" box="[151,291,1581,1603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFE8121AFEEA0073FD92E60C" box="[303,518,1581,1603]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubriversa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE8121AFEEA0073FD92E60C" box="[303,518,1581,1603]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Apolemia rubriversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C58957EAFFE8121AFDD70073FDFCE60C" box="[530,616,1581,1603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE8121AFDD70073FDFCE60C" bold="true" box="[530,616,1581,1603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Nectosome of the holotype (live, A,B) and specimen D195 (fixed, C). (A) Nectosomal growth zone and pnematophore. Older nectophores, densely covered in nematocysts, are at the bottom of the frame. Scale bar 1 mm. Anterior is pointing out of the page, ventral to the lower right of the pane. (B) Contracted nectosome and anterior portion of the siphosome. Anterior is to the left, ventral is down. 1, 2, 3: nectophoral palpons accompanying a single nectophore. Nectosomal palpons with colored gastric content. Scale bar 2 mm. (C) Ventral view of posterior part of the nectosome showing nectophoral palpon attachment scars (dashed circles) to the left of the posterior end of the associated nectophore lamellae. Dashed line indicates one nectophore lamella. Scale bar 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFE81219FF02017AFEFFE09E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1826,2018]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,1942]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFE8121AFF02017AFEDFE774" box="[199,331,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Nectosome:</emphasis>
|
||
All but one of the mature nectophores of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFE8121AFC45017CFC76E774" box="[896,994,1826,1851]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen became detached from the nectosome during the sampling procedure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFE8121AFD47011AFD47E712" box="[642,723,1860,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Nectosome of the holotype (live, A, B) and specimen D 195 (fixed, C). (A) Nectosomal growth zone and pnematophore. Older nectophores, densely covered in nematocysts, are at the bottom of the frame. Scale bar 1 mm. Anterior is pointing out of the page, ventral to the lower right of the pane. (B) Contracted nectosome and anterior portion of the siphosome. Anterior is to the left, ventral is down. 1, 2, 3: nectophoral palpons accompanying a single nectophore. Nectosomal palpons with colored gastric content. Scale bar 2 mm. (C) Ventral view of posterior part of the nectosome showing nectophoral palpon attachment scars (dashed circles) to the left of the posterior end of the associated nectophore lamellae. Dashed line indicates one nectophore lamella. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247708/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
B) but were retained in the sampler. The youngest nectophores were each accompanied by a single palpon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFE8121AFD50013BFD73E731" box="[661,743,1893,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Nectosome of the holotype (live, A, B) and specimen D 195 (fixed, C). (A) Nectosomal growth zone and pnematophore. Older nectophores, densely covered in nematocysts, are at the bottom of the frame. Scale bar 1 mm. Anterior is pointing out of the page, ventral to the lower right of the pane. (B) Contracted nectosome and anterior portion of the siphosome. Anterior is to the left, ventral is down. 1, 2, 3: nectophoral palpons accompanying a single nectophore. Nectosomal palpons with colored gastric content. Scale bar 2 mm. (C) Ventral view of posterior part of the nectosome showing nectophoral palpon attachment scars (dashed circles) to the left of the posterior end of the associated nectophore lamellae. Dashed line indicates one nectophore lamella. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247708/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The nectophores were attached to the ventral side of the stem, i.e. on the same side that the siphosomal zooids were attached. Up to three palpons were associated with a single mature nectophore for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFE8121AFDD601F6FDE1E78E" box="[531,629,1960,1985]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and specimen D195 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFE8121AFCB401F6FC57E78F" box="[881,963,1960,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Nectosome of the holotype (live, A, B) and specimen D 195 (fixed, C). (A) Nectosomal growth zone and pnematophore. Older nectophores, densely covered in nematocysts, are at the bottom of the frame. Scale bar 1 mm. Anterior is pointing out of the page, ventral to the lower right of the pane. (B) Contracted nectosome and anterior portion of the siphosome. Anterior is to the left, ventral is down. 1, 2, 3: nectophoral palpons accompanying a single nectophore. Nectosomal palpons with colored gastric content. Scale bar 2 mm. (C) Ventral view of posterior part of the nectosome showing nectophoral palpon attachment scars (dashed circles) to the left of the posterior end of the associated nectophore lamellae. Dashed line indicates one nectophore lamella. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247708/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
B,C). The palpons in the nectosome were translucent white, and were up to two times the length of associated nectophores in relaxed state. The nectophoral palpons were attached to a protruding tissue fold at the posterior end and, in ventral view, left of the nectophoral lamella (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FF3C06E7FEDDE09E" box="[249,329,185,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Nectosome of the holotype (live, A, B) and specimen D 195 (fixed, C). (A) Nectosomal growth zone and pnematophore. Older nectophores, densely covered in nematocysts, are at the bottom of the frame. Scale bar 1 mm. Anterior is pointing out of the page, ventral to the lower right of the pane. (B) Contracted nectosome and anterior portion of the siphosome. Anterior is to the left, ventral is down. 1, 2, 3: nectophoral palpons accompanying a single nectophore. Nectosomal palpons with colored gastric content. Scale bar 2 mm. (C) Ventral view of posterior part of the nectosome showing nectophoral palpon attachment scars (dashed circles) to the left of the posterior end of the associated nectophore lamellae. Dashed line indicates one nectophore lamella. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247708/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFEB1219FF020684FA9FE184" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1942]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFEB1219FF020684FEC7E0BC" box="[199,339,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Nectophores</emphasis>
|
||
: In the growth zone, the more developed nectophores were densely covered with opaque nematocysts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FEF106A0FE12E158" box="[308,390,254,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1581,1603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,877,1559]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,877,1560]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Nectosome of the holotype (live, A, B) and specimen D 195 (fixed, C). (A) Nectosomal growth zone and pnematophore. Older nectophores, densely covered in nematocysts, are at the bottom of the frame. Scale bar 1 mm. Anterior is pointing out of the page, ventral to the lower right of the pane. (B) Contracted nectosome and anterior portion of the siphosome. Anterior is to the left, ventral is down. 1, 2, 3: nectophoral palpons accompanying a single nectophore. Nectosomal palpons with colored gastric content. Scale bar 2 mm. (C) Ventral view of posterior part of the nectosome showing nectophoral palpon attachment scars (dashed circles) to the left of the posterior end of the associated nectophore lamellae. Dashed line indicates one nectophore lamella. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247708/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A). In older nectophores these nematocysts were organized in distinct patches. The largest nectophore of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFEB1219FEAF077CFE58E174" box="[362,460,290,315]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
had a length of
|
||
<quantity id="2B369B66FFEB1219FD4A077DFD77E175" box="[655,739,291,315]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and a width of
|
||
<quantity id="2B369B66FFEB1219FC61077DFC6DE175" box="[932,1017,291,315]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Mature nectophores had large axial wings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FF2E0718FED5E110" box="[235,321,326,351]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Whereas immature nectophores were widest at mid-height of the nectophore, mature ones were widest at the apical tips of the axial wings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FDBE0734FD58E1CC" box="[635,716,362,387]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A,N). Patches of nematocysts covered the upper and upper-most lateral surfaces, including the axial wings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FD4207D0FD49E1E8" box="[647,733,398,423]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). There were no lateral nematocyst patches below the lateral furrows. Refractile cells were sparsely scattered between but not within these patches of nematocysts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFEB1219FF020789FE4CE288" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1942]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Deep lateral grooves approached the upper side at approximately half the length of the nectophore, which resulted in indentations in the sides of the nectosac. On the upper side of live nectophores these grooves ran slightly in the ostial direction before they met in the mid-line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FCD50440FCF7E278" box="[784,867,542,567]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A,D). In fixed nectophores, however, the grooves were even more pronounced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FE20041CFDA2E214" box="[485,566,578,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
G–N). On the upper side close to the midline they bent through almost 90° to turn in the ostial direction and ran around the axial wing margins before turning toward the mid-line and uniting with the opposite groove. Laterally the grooves continued along the lower lateral sides of the nectophore and ended below the ostium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FEA204F0FE2CE288" box="[359,440,686,711]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFEB1219FF02048CFC2CE318" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1942]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Nectophores had a wide ostium, and the nectosac was broad at the distal end of the nectophore, occupying most of its width. Slightly proximal to this region, the nectosac narrowed considerably, before expanding in width just before the lateral furrow. The nectosac was indented by the lateral furrows and expanded again to reach its maximum or equivalent width proximal to the lateral grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FC920560FC3FE318" box="[855,939,830,855]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFEB1219FF02053DFEB2E487" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1942]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
|
||
In lower view, the inner margin of the axial wings of the nectophore gradually curved toward the mid line and tapered out well apart from each other before reaching the mid-length of the nectophore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FB5C05DAFB79E3D3" box="[1177,1261,900,925]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
B,E). Some red pigmentation was present in the region of the thrust block (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FCF905FBFC1BE3F1" box="[828,911,933,958]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The outer wing margins curved inwards at about the mid-length of the nectophore and met below the ostium. On the lower side of the nectophores the mesoglea formed pillows on either side of the median lower furrow. Where the furrow was deepest and narrowest, red pigmentation was present on its walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FDB30257FD5CE46D" box="[630,712,1033,1058]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
B). In living nectophores the distal part of the lower surface only slightly protruded below the ostium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FDFF0274FD18E40C" box="[570,652,1066,1091]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A,D). In fixed nectophores this protrusion was very pronounced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FAAA0274FF27E42B" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
J–N). This suggests a stabilizing or antagonistic function of the lower mesoglea pillows flanking the lower furrow. This structural element seems to be less affected by the fixation procedure, whereas other parts of the nectophore might have a greater tendency to shrink, causing the differences in appearance between fixed and living nectophores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFEB1219FF02028FFC0CE5D1" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1942]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
|
||
The ascending pallial canal arose from the pedicular canal at about 1/4 the height of the nectosac and then ran toward the upper surface for a short distance to end half way up the thrust block (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FB8402ABFB00E541" box="[1089,1172,1269,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
F). The pedicular canal also gave rise to the upper and lower radial canals. The upper radial canal was fairly straight on the upper surface. Just distal to where the lateral furrows joined, the canal widened slightly, kept a larger diameter and ran down to the ostial ring canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FEA3033FFE28E535" box="[358,444,1377,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Within the region where the lateral furrows joined small protuberances could be observed occasionally on the irregular wall of the upper radial canal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFEB1219FF0203F7FBFCE701" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1942]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
|
||
The lateral radial canals arose at the same level from the upper radial canal at mid-height of the nectosac (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FAAB03F7FF20E5A9" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
F). They ran away from the midline and slightly up to reach the sides of the nectosac just above its widest point. In mature nectophores, in this region the lateral radial canals had up to three distinct diverticula. The outermost, on the proximal-lateral margin, was the longest and pointed towards the ostium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FBE4004BFBE2E661" box="[1057,1142,1557,1582]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
E,F). The other two were shorter, if present at all, with the one closest to the junction of the lateral canals ascending and the next descending. Presence or absence of diverticula was not a solely function of ontogenetic stage. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFEB1219FB780003FA8BE639" box="[1213,1311,1629,1654]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, medium-size nectophores could be found without a single diverticulum whereas diverticula were clearly present in smaller and larger nectophores. At the position where the outermost diverticulum branched off, the lateral radial canal turned upwards and curved over onto the upper surface of the nectosac and eventually, in a slightly undulating manner, down. The canal either descended along the base of the lateral furrow, or more usually crossed that furrow and then began to descend parallel with it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FD39014FFCDAE765" box="[764,846,1809,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Before reaching the lower margin of the nectosac the canal then curved upwards and ran obliquely to join the ostial ring canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEB1219FC3D016BFBDDE701" box="[1016,1097,1845,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[207,1379,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. (A – F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5 mm) in C applies to all figures A – F. (G – N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D 195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G – N." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFEB1219FF020104FF65E7D9" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1942]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">In specimen V908, only one mature nectophore was available. It had all three characteristic diverticula (not shown).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B8B1660BFFEA1218FF520094FA83E774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247709/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" targetBox="[207,1379,193,1716]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFEA1218FF520094FA83E774" blockId="15.[151,1436,1738,1851]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFEA1218FF520094FE8CE6AF" bold="true" box="[151,280,1738,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">FIGURE 12</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFEA1218FEE00094FE63E6AF" box="[293,503,1738,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubriversa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFEA1218FEE00094FE63E6AF" box="[293,503,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Apolemia rubriversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFEA1218FE380094FDDAE690" bold="true" box="[509,590,1738,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C58957EAFFEA1218FE380094FDDAE690" box="[509,590,1738,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A–F) Medium sized nectophore of the holotype (live). Canals were colored red by prey pigment. Photographs and drawings of upper (A, D), lower (B, E) and lateral (C, F) views. Lower view of type specimen (B) revealed red pigmentation within the ventral furrow and on the thrust block. Scale bar (5mm) in C applies to all figures A– F. (G–N) Available fixed nectophores of sample D195 shown in upper view. Scale bar (1 cm) in J applies to G–N.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFEA1218FF02013DFD35E78C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1891,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFEA1218FF02013DFED4E733" box="[199,320,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Siphosome</emphasis>
|
||
: The full length of the siphosome of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFEA1218FCCA013DFCE5E733" box="[783,881,1891,1916]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
prior to collection was about
|
||
<quantity id="2B369B66FFEA1218FB07013DFB6FE734" box="[1218,1275,1891,1915]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="m" value="1.2">1.2m</quantity>
|
||
in the state of relaxation as pictured in
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEA1218FE0601D9FD98E7D0" box="[451,524,1927,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1860,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1125,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1125,1839]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A – B) In situ photographs of holotype specimens. (A) Apolemia lanosa sp. nov., approximate length 2 m. (B) Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov., approximately 1.2 m in length. (C – D) Anterior regions of the collected, unfixed specimens of (C) A. lanosa, which had already lost most of its bracts (Scale bar 2 cm); and (D) A. rubriversa, whith most of its mature nectophores detached (Scale bar 2.5 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247699/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B. After relaxation, the siphosome of the partial
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFEA1218FB9C01D9FB2FE7EF" box="[1113,1211,1927,1952]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
fragment that was collected measured
|
||
<quantity id="2B369B66FFEA1218FEB001F5FE55E78C" box="[373,449,1963,1987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="cm" value="1.8">1.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFEA1218FDFF01F5FDEAE78C" box="[570,638,1963,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1860,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1125,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1125,1839]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A – B) In situ photographs of holotype specimens. (A) Apolemia lanosa sp. nov., approximate length 2 m. (B) Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov., approximately 1.2 m in length. (C – D) Anterior regions of the collected, unfixed specimens of (C) A. lanosa, which had already lost most of its bracts (Scale bar 2 cm); and (D) A. rubriversa, whith most of its mature nectophores detached (Scale bar 2.5 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247699/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFEA1207FF020191FE60E257" blockId="15.[151,1436,1891,2024]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFEA1218FF020191FCD4E7A8" box="[199,832,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Siphosomal growth zone and early zooid organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The siphosomal growth zone of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFEA1218FB350191FAC6E7A7" box="[1264,1362,1999,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
had a massive horn that bent, in ventral view, to the left side of the colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FC7606C9FB93E0FF" box="[947,1031,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Early siphosomal organization of the holotype (live). Ventral view, anterior up. Numbers indicate gastrozooids starting with the youngest. (A) Anterior part of the siphosome. Frame indicates region shown in B. (B) Close-up of siphosomal growth zone. Gastrozooids (numbered) become arranged in a defined biserial organization. Palpon buds are first visible at the base of the gastrozooid and later on the gastrozooidal stalk. An indentation forms at the proximal end of the gastrozooid body separating the future basigaster region from the main body. Nematocysts become visible as opaque cells in basigaster of gastrozooid 7. (C) Siphosomal horn bending towards the right side of the siphosomal stem. Pigment has been lost as a result of tissue manipulation. Scale bars in (A) 2 mm, (B, C) 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247710/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). The horn was covered with a thin layer of orange-red pigment, which was easily detached when the horn was manipulated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FBBA06E2FB44E09B" box="[1151,1232,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Early siphosomal organization of the holotype (live). Ventral view, anterior up. Numbers indicate gastrozooids starting with the youngest. (A) Anterior part of the siphosome. Frame indicates region shown in B. (B) Close-up of siphosomal growth zone. Gastrozooids (numbered) become arranged in a defined biserial organization. Palpon buds are first visible at the base of the gastrozooid and later on the gastrozooidal stalk. An indentation forms at the proximal end of the gastrozooid body separating the future basigaster region from the main body. Nematocysts become visible as opaque cells in basigaster of gastrozooid 7. (C) Siphosomal horn bending towards the right side of the siphosomal stem. Pigment has been lost as a result of tissue manipulation. Scale bars in (A) 2 mm, (B, C) 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247710/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
B,C). The anterior end of the horn was free of zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FD970681FD3DE0B7" box="[594,681,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Early siphosomal organization of the holotype (live). Ventral view, anterior up. Numbers indicate gastrozooids starting with the youngest. (A) Anterior part of the siphosome. Frame indicates region shown in B. (B) Close-up of siphosomal growth zone. Gastrozooids (numbered) become arranged in a defined biserial organization. Palpon buds are first visible at the base of the gastrozooid and later on the gastrozooidal stalk. An indentation forms at the proximal end of the gastrozooid body separating the future basigaster region from the main body. Nematocysts become visible as opaque cells in basigaster of gastrozooid 7. (C) Siphosomal horn bending towards the right side of the siphosomal stem. Pigment has been lost as a result of tissue manipulation. Scale bars in (A) 2 mm, (B, C) 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247710/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The first observable buds became gastrozooids, which were alternately displaced to the left and right off the ventral midline resulting in a pronounced biserial organization (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FF5A0779FF65E10F" box="[159,241,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Early siphosomal organization of the holotype (live). Ventral view, anterior up. Numbers indicate gastrozooids starting with the youngest. (A) Anterior part of the siphosome. Frame indicates region shown in B. (B) Close-up of siphosomal growth zone. Gastrozooids (numbered) become arranged in a defined biserial organization. Palpon buds are first visible at the base of the gastrozooid and later on the gastrozooidal stalk. An indentation forms at the proximal end of the gastrozooid body separating the future basigaster region from the main body. Nematocysts become visible as opaque cells in basigaster of gastrozooid 7. (C) Siphosomal horn bending towards the right side of the siphosomal stem. Pigment has been lost as a result of tissue manipulation. Scale bars in (A) 2 mm, (B, C) 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247710/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). Additional buds became visible on the peduncle of the fourth-youngest gastrozooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FAC60779FAC2E10F" box="[1283,1366,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Early siphosomal organization of the holotype (live). Ventral view, anterior up. Numbers indicate gastrozooids starting with the youngest. (A) Anterior part of the siphosome. Frame indicates region shown in B. (B) Close-up of siphosomal growth zone. Gastrozooids (numbered) become arranged in a defined biserial organization. Palpon buds are first visible at the base of the gastrozooid and later on the gastrozooidal stalk. An indentation forms at the proximal end of the gastrozooid body separating the future basigaster region from the main body. Nematocysts become visible as opaque cells in basigaster of gastrozooid 7. (C) Siphosomal horn bending towards the right side of the siphosomal stem. Pigment has been lost as a result of tissue manipulation. Scale bars in (A) 2 mm, (B, C) 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247710/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
B). At the distal end of the peduncle, the diameter of the developing gastrozooid widened and its body had a cone-shaped appearance (gastrozooids 3–7,
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FE390731FDDBE1C7" box="[508,591,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Early siphosomal organization of the holotype (live). Ventral view, anterior up. Numbers indicate gastrozooids starting with the youngest. (A) Anterior part of the siphosome. Frame indicates region shown in B. (B) Close-up of siphosomal growth zone. Gastrozooids (numbered) become arranged in a defined biserial organization. Palpon buds are first visible at the base of the gastrozooid and later on the gastrozooidal stalk. An indentation forms at the proximal end of the gastrozooid body separating the future basigaster region from the main body. Nematocysts become visible as opaque cells in basigaster of gastrozooid 7. (C) Siphosomal horn bending towards the right side of the siphosomal stem. Pigment has been lost as a result of tissue manipulation. Scale bars in (A) 2 mm, (B, C) 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247710/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Just distal to the base of the cone, a constriction became apparent in gastrozooid 6 which generated a ring-like structure (gastrozooid 7,
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FC7407CAFB92E1E3" box="[945,1030,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Early siphosomal organization of the holotype (live). Ventral view, anterior up. Numbers indicate gastrozooids starting with the youngest. (A) Anterior part of the siphosome. Frame indicates region shown in B. (B) Close-up of siphosomal growth zone. Gastrozooids (numbered) become arranged in a defined biserial organization. Palpon buds are first visible at the base of the gastrozooid and later on the gastrozooidal stalk. An indentation forms at the proximal end of the gastrozooid body separating the future basigaster region from the main body. Nematocysts become visible as opaque cells in basigaster of gastrozooid 7. (C) Siphosomal horn bending towards the right side of the siphosomal stem. Pigment has been lost as a result of tissue manipulation. Scale bars in (A) 2 mm, (B, C) 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247710/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The opaque appearance of this structure indicated a site of nematogenesis and thereby the formation of the basigaster region. By gastrozooid 9, it was obvious that the buds on the peduncle of the gastrozooid gave rise to palpons. No tentacle formation could be observed in early gastrozooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B8B1660BFFF51207FF5202C7FBC7E528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247710/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" targetBox="[151,1436,589,1155]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF51207FF5202C7FBC7E528" blockId="16.[151,1437,1177,1383]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF51207FF5202C7FEB6E4E0" bold="true" box="[151,290,1177,1199]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFF51207FEEE02C7FE6BE4E0" box="[299,511,1177,1199]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubriversa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF51207FEEE02C7FE6BE4E0" box="[299,511,1177,1199]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Apolemia rubriversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF51207FDCD02C7FDCFE4E1" bold="true" box="[520,603,1177,1199]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C58957EAFFF51207FDCD02C7FDCFE4E1" box="[520,603,1177,1199]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Early siphosomal organization of the holotype (live). Ventral view, anterior up. Numbers indicate gastrozooids starting with the youngest. (A) Anterior part of the siphosome. Frame indicates region shown in B. (B) Close-up of siphosomal growth zone. Gastrozooids (numbered) become arranged in a defined biserial organization. Palpon buds are first visible at the base of the gastrozooid and later on the gastrozooidal stalk. An indentation forms at the proximal end of the gastrozooid body separating the future basigaster region from the main body. Nematocysts become visible as opaque cells in basigaster of gastrozooid 7. (C) Siphosomal horn bending towards the right side of the siphosomal stem. Pigment has been lost as a result of tissue manipulation. Scale bars in (A) 2 mm, (B, C) 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF51207FF0203D1FC96E688" blockId="16.[151,1436,1422,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF51207FF0203D1FE8DE5E9" box="[199,281,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Bracts:</emphasis>
|
||
Bracts were mottled with irregular shaped patches of nematocysts distributed across their upper surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FF3203ECFEDEE584" box="[247,330,1458,1483]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1032,1054]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,301,1010]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[340,1248,301,1011]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov, Bracts of the holotype (living A, B, C) and specimen D 195 (fixed, D, E). (A) Change of nematocyst patch distribution during bract maturation. Anterior to the left. Scale bar 3 mm. (B) Young bract with irregularly shaped bracteal canal. Scale bar 1 mm. (C) Refractile cells (white dots) scattered in between but not within nematocyte patches. Scale bar 400 µm. (D) Bracteal canal with diverticula, and the distal end (at bottom) of the canal penetrating into the mesoglea. Scale 2 mm. (E) More mature bract with distinct keel. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247711/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). These patches formed early in bract development and the distance between them increased as the bracts matured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FE8E0388FE08E5A0" box="[331,412,1494,1519]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1032,1054]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,301,1010]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[340,1248,301,1011]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov, Bracts of the holotype (living A, B, C) and specimen D 195 (fixed, D, E). (A) Change of nematocyst patch distribution during bract maturation. Anterior to the left. Scale bar 3 mm. (B) Young bract with irregularly shaped bracteal canal. Scale bar 1 mm. (C) Refractile cells (white dots) scattered in between but not within nematocyte patches. Scale bar 400 µm. (D) Bracteal canal with diverticula, and the distal end (at bottom) of the canal penetrating into the mesoglea. Scale 2 mm. (E) More mature bract with distinct keel. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247711/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Refractile cells were scattered sparsely and predominantly on the periphery of the upper surface outside of the opaque nematocyst patches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FD2B03A4FCD0E65C" box="[750,836,1530,1555]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1032,1054]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,301,1010]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[340,1248,301,1011]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov, Bracts of the holotype (living A, B, C) and specimen D 195 (fixed, D, E). (A) Change of nematocyst patch distribution during bract maturation. Anterior to the left. Scale bar 3 mm. (B) Young bract with irregularly shaped bracteal canal. Scale bar 1 mm. (C) Refractile cells (white dots) scattered in between but not within nematocyte patches. Scale bar 400 µm. (D) Bracteal canal with diverticula, and the distal end (at bottom) of the canal penetrating into the mesoglea. Scale 2 mm. (E) More mature bract with distinct keel. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247711/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
B,C). The bracteal canal ran close to lower surface throughout its length. At the distal end, however, it bent into the mesoglea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FBC20040FBCFE678" box="[1031,1115,1566,1591]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1032,1054]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,301,1010]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[340,1248,301,1011]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov, Bracts of the holotype (living A, B, C) and specimen D 195 (fixed, D, E). (A) Change of nematocyst patch distribution during bract maturation. Anterior to the left. Scale bar 3 mm. (B) Young bract with irregularly shaped bracteal canal. Scale bar 1 mm. (C) Refractile cells (white dots) scattered in between but not within nematocyte patches. Scale bar 400 µm. (D) Bracteal canal with diverticula, and the distal end (at bottom) of the canal penetrating into the mesoglea. Scale 2 mm. (E) More mature bract with distinct keel. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247711/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
D). The wall of the bracteal canal in young bracts was irregularly shaped, giving it a rough appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FC2E001CFBAAE614" box="[1003,1086,1602,1627]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1032,1054]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,301,1010]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[340,1248,301,1011]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov, Bracts of the holotype (living A, B, C) and specimen D 195 (fixed, D, E). (A) Change of nematocyst patch distribution during bract maturation. Anterior to the left. Scale bar 3 mm. (B) Young bract with irregularly shaped bracteal canal. Scale bar 1 mm. (C) Refractile cells (white dots) scattered in between but not within nematocyte patches. Scale bar 400 µm. (D) Bracteal canal with diverticula, and the distal end (at bottom) of the canal penetrating into the mesoglea. Scale 2 mm. (E) More mature bract with distinct keel. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247711/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Older bracts frequently, but not always, had diverticula penetrating into the mesoglea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FCE90038FCEAE630" box="[812,894,1638,1663]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1032,1054]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,301,1010]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[340,1248,301,1011]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov, Bracts of the holotype (living A, B, C) and specimen D 195 (fixed, D, E). (A) Change of nematocyst patch distribution during bract maturation. Anterior to the left. Scale bar 3 mm. (B) Young bract with irregularly shaped bracteal canal. Scale bar 1 mm. (C) Refractile cells (white dots) scattered in between but not within nematocyte patches. Scale bar 400 µm. (D) Bracteal canal with diverticula, and the distal end (at bottom) of the canal penetrating into the mesoglea. Scale 2 mm. (E) More mature bract with distinct keel. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247711/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Mature bracts had a distinct keel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FAEC0038FAEFE630" box="[1321,1403,1638,1663]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1032,1054]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,301,1010]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[340,1248,301,1011]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov, Bracts of the holotype (living A, B, C) and specimen D 195 (fixed, D, E). (A) Change of nematocyst patch distribution during bract maturation. Anterior to the left. Scale bar 3 mm. (B) Young bract with irregularly shaped bracteal canal. Scale bar 1 mm. (C) Refractile cells (white dots) scattered in between but not within nematocyte patches. Scale bar 400 µm. (D) Bracteal canal with diverticula, and the distal end (at bottom) of the canal penetrating into the mesoglea. Scale 2 mm. (E) More mature bract with distinct keel. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247711/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Bracts were associated either with a palpon or a gastrozooid (see below). We found no morphological differences between the bracts attached at these different locations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF51206FF02008CFA80E0B7" blockId="16.[151,1436,1422,2023]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF51207FF02008CFE65E6A4" box="[199,497,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Palpons and gastrozooids:</emphasis>
|
||
The body column of gastrozooids was colored by a deep red pigment. This pigment gradually faded out close to the distal end so that the oral region was white. Multiple clusters of zooids were attached to the gastrozooid peduncle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FD810144FD01E77C" box="[580,661,1818,1843]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1248,193,1382]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Palpons, gastrozooids and siphosomal organization of the holotype (A, C) and specimen D 195 (B, D) (fixed tissue). (A) SEM of branched cormidium with primary branch (red) bearing the gastrozooid. Secondary branches (blue) branch off the primary branch and branch further (green). Palpons bud off branches of higher order and could be found at all different stages of development. Each palpon was accompanied by a bract and a palpacle. Scale 500 µm. (B) Mature palpons. Scale 2 mm. (C) Close-up of palpon showing highly prismatic cells and red pigmented cells in the distal region where the main gastric cavity ends. Scale 1 mm. (D) Mature gastrozooid with tentacle. Scale 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247712/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A). At the base of each gastrozooid peduncle a single curled lamella frequently could be observed, indicating the point of attachment of a single gastrozooidal bract (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FB2A0160FAD6E718" box="[1263,1346,1854,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1248,193,1382]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Palpons, gastrozooids and siphosomal organization of the holotype (A, C) and specimen D 195 (B, D) (fixed tissue). (A) SEM of branched cormidium with primary branch (red) bearing the gastrozooid. Secondary branches (blue) branch off the primary branch and branch further (green). Palpons bud off branches of higher order and could be found at all different stages of development. Each palpon was accompanied by a bract and a palpacle. Scale 500 µm. (B) Mature palpons. Scale 2 mm. (C) Close-up of palpon showing highly prismatic cells and red pigmented cells in the distal region where the main gastric cavity ends. Scale 1 mm. (D) Mature gastrozooid with tentacle. Scale 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247712/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The secondary branches themselves were branched. Palpons sat on and budded off these secondary branches. Each palpon had a palpacle and was accompanied by a bract. Mature palpons were translucent with a distinct white tip. The palpacle originated at the very base of the palpon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF51207FCF601F4FC1EE78C" box="[819,906,1962,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1248,193,1382]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Palpons, gastrozooids and siphosomal organization of the holotype (A, C) and specimen D 195 (B, D) (fixed tissue). (A) SEM of branched cormidium with primary branch (red) bearing the gastrozooid. Secondary branches (blue) branch off the primary branch and branch further (green). Palpons bud off branches of higher order and could be found at all different stages of development. Each palpon was accompanied by a bract and a palpacle. Scale 500 µm. (B) Mature palpons. Scale 2 mm. (C) Close-up of palpon showing highly prismatic cells and red pigmented cells in the distal region where the main gastric cavity ends. Scale 1 mm. (D) Mature gastrozooid with tentacle. Scale 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247712/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
B). A distinct basigaster region could not be observed. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFF51207FE9C0190FE2AE7A8" box="[345,446,1998,2023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, cells with red pigment were visible in live or freshly fixed tissue in the distal region where the obvious gastric cavity ended, and the proboscis region began (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FC0B06C9FBB5E0FF" box="[974,1057,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1248,193,1382]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Palpons, gastrozooids and siphosomal organization of the holotype (A, C) and specimen D 195 (B, D) (fixed tissue). (A) SEM of branched cormidium with primary branch (red) bearing the gastrozooid. Secondary branches (blue) branch off the primary branch and branch further (green). Palpons bud off branches of higher order and could be found at all different stages of development. Each palpon was accompanied by a bract and a palpacle. Scale 500 µm. (B) Mature palpons. Scale 2 mm. (C) Close-up of palpon showing highly prismatic cells and red pigmented cells in the distal region where the main gastric cavity ends. Scale 1 mm. (D) Mature gastrozooid with tentacle. Scale 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247712/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
C). A region with very large cells could be frequently observed along one side of the palpons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FC8B06E2FC35E09A" box="[846,929,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1248,193,1382]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Palpons, gastrozooids and siphosomal organization of the holotype (A, C) and specimen D 195 (B, D) (fixed tissue). (A) SEM of branched cormidium with primary branch (red) bearing the gastrozooid. Secondary branches (blue) branch off the primary branch and branch further (green). Palpons bud off branches of higher order and could be found at all different stages of development. Each palpon was accompanied by a bract and a palpacle. Scale 500 µm. (B) Mature palpons. Scale 2 mm. (C) Close-up of palpon showing highly prismatic cells and red pigmented cells in the distal region where the main gastric cavity ends. Scale 1 mm. (D) Mature gastrozooid with tentacle. Scale 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247712/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
B,C). Tentacles associated with gastrozooids could be found in fixed tissue, but these tentacles were difficult to distinguish in live tissue (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FB5A0681FB64E0B7" box="[1183,1264,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1248,193,1382]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Palpons, gastrozooids and siphosomal organization of the holotype (A, C) and specimen D 195 (B, D) (fixed tissue). (A) SEM of branched cormidium with primary branch (red) bearing the gastrozooid. Secondary branches (blue) branch off the primary branch and branch further (green). Palpons bud off branches of higher order and could be found at all different stages of development. Each palpon was accompanied by a bract and a palpacle. Scale 500 µm. (B) Mature palpons. Scale 2 mm. (C) Close-up of palpon showing highly prismatic cells and red pigmented cells in the distal region where the main gastric cavity ends. Scale 1 mm. (D) Mature gastrozooid with tentacle. Scale 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247712/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B8B1660BFFF41206FF520256FCF0E4D6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247711/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" targetBox="[340,1247,301,1010]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF41206FF520256FCF0E4D6" blockId="17.[151,1437,1032,1177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF41206FF520256FE8CE451" bold="true" box="[151,280,1032,1054]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">FIGURE 14</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFF41206FEE00256FE63E451" box="[293,503,1032,1054]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubriversa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF41206FEE00256FE63E451" box="[293,503,1032,1054]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Apolemia rubriversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C58957EAFFF41206FE380257FDD1E451" box="[509,581,1033,1054]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, Bracts of the holotype (living A,B,C) and specimen D195 (fixed, D,E). (A) Change of nematocyst patch distribution during bract maturation. Anterior to the left. Scale bar 3 mm. (B) Young bract with irregularly shaped bracteal canal. Scale bar 1mm. (C) Refractile cells (white dots) scattered in between but not within nematocyte patches. Scale bar 400 µm. (D) Bracteal canal with diverticula, and the distal end (at bottom) of the canal penetrating into the mesoglea. Scale 2 mm. (E) More mature bract with distinct keel. Scale bar 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF41206FF02029BFA08E505" blockId="17.[151,1436,1221,2002]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF41206FF02029BFEC0E491" box="[199,340,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Gonodendra</emphasis>
|
||
: Male gonodendra were found along the siphosomal stem of specimen V908 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FB07029BFA81E491" box="[1218,1301,1221,1246]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,1449,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[340,1248,1449,1908]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 16. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Gonodendra of specimen V 908. (A) Gonophores protruding from palpon clusters. Scale 2 mm. (B) Gonodendron. Branch exclusively bearing gonophores with young palpons at the proximal end indicating branches with palpons as the point of attachment. Scale 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247713/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tissue was highly contracted and detailed studies of cormidial organization could not be conducted. However, branches exclusively bearing gonophores, attached by thin peduncles, could be removed from the colony. Young palpons at the base of these branches indicated palpon bearing secondary branches as the point of their attachment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FAEC036FFAEFE505" box="[1321,1403,1329,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,1449,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[340,1248,1449,1908]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 16. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Gonodendra of specimen V 908. (A) Gonophores protruding from palpon clusters. Scale 2 mm. (B) Gonodendron. Branch exclusively bearing gonophores with young palpons at the proximal end indicating branches with palpons as the point of attachment. Scale 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247713/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF41206FF020308FE94E5DD" blockId="17.[151,1436,1221,2002]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF41206FF020308FE75E521" box="[199,481,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Nematocyst complement:</emphasis>
|
||
Four different
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFF41206FD4E0308FD52E521" box="[651,710,1366,1390]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of nematocysts were found on the different zooids of the colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FF5A0327FF67E5DD" box="[159,243,1401,1426]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1571,1593]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,189,1544]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[415,1171,189,1545]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Nematocyst complement of the holotype. (A) Nematocyst patch on the upper bract surface. Patches on nectophores were of identical composition. Stenoteles were interspersed between spherical macroisorhizas. (B) Stenoteles from the hypostome of the gastrozooid. (C) Stenotele to the left and an unidentified capsule in the hypostomal region of the gastrozooid. (D) Ovoid capsules on the proximal part of the gastrozooidal tentacle. (E) Tip of the palpon with the unidentified capsules also seen in the hypostomal regions of gastrozooids (F) Ovoid capsules on palpacle. (G) Tip of the nectosomal palpon with stenoteles and spherical microisorhizas in very high densities. (H) Close-up of microisorhizas from the tip of the nectosomal palpons with the coiled tubule visible inside. Scale in (A) applies to (A – G) and is 50 µm. Scale in (H) is 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247714/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF41206FF0203C3FD1DE5F9" blockId="17.[151,1436,1221,2002]" box="[199,649,1437,1462]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Spherical isorhizas of two distinct sizes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF41206FF02039FFB80E5B1" blockId="17.[151,1436,1221,2002]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF41206FF02039FFEE1E595" box="[199,373,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Macroisorhizas</emphasis>
|
||
, with a mean diameter of 21.0 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FCE1039FFCE3E595" box="[804,887,1473,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1571,1593]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,189,1544]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[415,1171,189,1545]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Nematocyst complement of the holotype. (A) Nematocyst patch on the upper bract surface. Patches on nectophores were of identical composition. Stenoteles were interspersed between spherical macroisorhizas. (B) Stenoteles from the hypostome of the gastrozooid. (C) Stenotele to the left and an unidentified capsule in the hypostomal region of the gastrozooid. (D) Ovoid capsules on the proximal part of the gastrozooidal tentacle. (E) Tip of the palpon with the unidentified capsules also seen in the hypostomal regions of gastrozooids (F) Ovoid capsules on palpacle. (G) Tip of the nectosomal palpon with stenoteles and spherical microisorhizas in very high densities. (H) Close-up of microisorhizas from the tip of the nectosomal palpons with the coiled tubule visible inside. Scale in (A) applies to (A – G) and is 50 µm. Scale in (H) is 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247714/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
A) found exclusively in nematocyst patches on nectophores and bracts. Refractile cells were not observed within these patches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF41206FF020057FC33E625" blockId="17.[151,1436,1221,2002]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF41206FF020057FEFBE66D" box="[199,367,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Microisorhizas</emphasis>
|
||
, with a mean diameter of 5.8 µm. These nematocysts were found predominantly at the distal ends of gastrozooids, palpons and nectophoral palpons and scattered along the body columns of these zooids and in very high densities at the tip of the nectophoral palpons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FCD6000FFCF0E625" box="[787,868,1617,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1571,1593]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,189,1544]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[415,1171,189,1545]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Nematocyst complement of the holotype. (A) Nematocyst patch on the upper bract surface. Patches on nectophores were of identical composition. Stenoteles were interspersed between spherical macroisorhizas. (B) Stenoteles from the hypostome of the gastrozooid. (C) Stenotele to the left and an unidentified capsule in the hypostomal region of the gastrozooid. (D) Ovoid capsules on the proximal part of the gastrozooidal tentacle. (E) Tip of the palpon with the unidentified capsules also seen in the hypostomal regions of gastrozooids (F) Ovoid capsules on palpacle. (G) Tip of the nectosomal palpon with stenoteles and spherical microisorhizas in very high densities. (H) Close-up of microisorhizas from the tip of the nectosomal palpons with the coiled tubule visible inside. Scale in (A) applies to (A – G) and is 50 µm. Scale in (H) is 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247714/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
G,H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF41206FF02002BFDCFE6B5" blockId="17.[151,1436,1221,2002]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
b)
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF41206FF2C002BFEF4E6C1" box="[233,352,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Stenoteles,</emphasis>
|
||
with a mean length of 14.1 µm and a mean width of 11.2 µm. These were regularly found interspersed between the macroisorhizas of the bracts and nectophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FC1A00C7FBA0E6FD" box="[991,1076,1689,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1248,193,1382]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Palpons, gastrozooids and siphosomal organization of the holotype (A, C) and specimen D 195 (B, D) (fixed tissue). (A) SEM of branched cormidium with primary branch (red) bearing the gastrozooid. Secondary branches (blue) branch off the primary branch and branch further (green). Palpons bud off branches of higher order and could be found at all different stages of development. Each palpon was accompanied by a bract and a palpacle. Scale 500 µm. (B) Mature palpons. Scale 2 mm. (C) Close-up of palpon showing highly prismatic cells and red pigmented cells in the distal region where the main gastric cavity ends. Scale 1 mm. (D) Mature gastrozooid with tentacle. Scale 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247712/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Stenoteles were also found predominantly at the distal ends of gastrozooids, palpons and nectophoral palpons and scattered along the body columns of these zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FE7100BFFD91E6B5" box="[436,517,1761,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1571,1593]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,189,1544]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[415,1171,189,1545]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Nematocyst complement of the holotype. (A) Nematocyst patch on the upper bract surface. Patches on nectophores were of identical composition. Stenoteles were interspersed between spherical macroisorhizas. (B) Stenoteles from the hypostome of the gastrozooid. (C) Stenotele to the left and an unidentified capsule in the hypostomal region of the gastrozooid. (D) Ovoid capsules on the proximal part of the gastrozooidal tentacle. (E) Tip of the palpon with the unidentified capsules also seen in the hypostomal regions of gastrozooids (F) Ovoid capsules on palpacle. (G) Tip of the nectosomal palpon with stenoteles and spherical microisorhizas in very high densities. (H) Close-up of microisorhizas from the tip of the nectosomal palpons with the coiled tubule visible inside. Scale in (A) applies to (A – G) and is 50 µm. Scale in (H) is 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247714/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
B,E,G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF41206FF020158FBD7E751" blockId="17.[151,1436,1221,2002]" box="[199,1091,1797,1822]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
c)
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF41206FF21015BFE11E751" box="[228,389,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
Unknown
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFF41206FE930159FE11E751" box="[342,389,1799,1822]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, with a mean length of 26.7 µm and a mean width of 16.1 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF41206FF020177FE36E7E1" blockId="17.[151,1436,1221,2002]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
Microbasic mastigophores as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFF41206FD0D0177FC1FE70D" box="[712,907,1833,1858]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lanosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF41206FD0D0177FC1FE70D" box="[712,907,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Apolemia lanosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FC5A0177FC61E70D" box="[927,1013,1833,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,517,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[415,1171,517,1760]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Apolemia lanosa sp. nov. Nematocyst complement of the holotype. (A) Nematocyst patch of macroisorhizas on the upper surface of a nectophore. Refractile elements on nectophores and bracts were cellular as indicated by the presence of nuclei. (B) Stenoteles at the distal end of a gastrozooid. (C) Microbasic mastigophores at the distal end of a gastrozooid. (D) Ovoid capsules of the gastrozooidal tentacle. (E) Stenoteles and microbasic mastigophores at the distal ends of palpons. (F) Ovoid capsules of a palpacle, apparently identical to those on the gastrozooid tentacles. (G) Stenoteles at the distal end of a nectophoral palpon. (H) Microisorhizas at the distal tip of a nectophoral palpon. Scale bar 25 µm. (I) Discharged capsule from a palpacle. Arrow indicates a single dilation on the tubule. (J) Discharged microbasic mastigophores. Scale in I, J is 50 µm. Scale bar in A (50 µm) applies to A – G." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247707/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C,E) were not found. The unknown capsule
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFF41206FF360110FEB7E729" box="[243,291,1870,1894]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
|
||
was, however, found in corresponding locations at the tips of gastrozooids and palpons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FAD50113FAF6E729" box="[1296,1378,1869,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1571,1593]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,189,1544]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[415,1171,189,1545]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Nematocyst complement of the holotype. (A) Nematocyst patch on the upper bract surface. Patches on nectophores were of identical composition. Stenoteles were interspersed between spherical macroisorhizas. (B) Stenoteles from the hypostome of the gastrozooid. (C) Stenotele to the left and an unidentified capsule in the hypostomal region of the gastrozooid. (D) Ovoid capsules on the proximal part of the gastrozooidal tentacle. (E) Tip of the palpon with the unidentified capsules also seen in the hypostomal regions of gastrozooids (F) Ovoid capsules on palpacle. (G) Tip of the nectosomal palpon with stenoteles and spherical microisorhizas in very high densities. (H) Close-up of microisorhizas from the tip of the nectosomal palpons with the coiled tubule visible inside. Scale in (A) applies to (A – G) and is 50 µm. Scale in (H) is 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247714/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
C,E). It was smaller than the mastigophores of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFF41206FDAD012CFD46E7C5" box="[616,722,1905,1930]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lanosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF41206FDAD012CFD46E7C5" box="[616,722,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. lanosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and was ovoid in shape. Unfortunately, no discharged capsules of this
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFF41206FF2101C8FE80E7E1" box="[228,276,1942,1966]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
|
||
were found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF41206FF0201E7FAE7E79D" blockId="17.[151,1436,1221,2002]" box="[199,1395,1977,2002]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
d)
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF41206FF2001E7FDE9E79D" box="[229,637,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Capsules of tentacles and palpacles,</emphasis>
|
||
mean length 15 µm in length and mean width 9.1 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF41206FB2201E7FAADE79D" box="[1255,1337,1977,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1571,1593]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,189,1544]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[415,1171,189,1545]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Nematocyst complement of the holotype. (A) Nematocyst patch on the upper bract surface. Patches on nectophores were of identical composition. Stenoteles were interspersed between spherical macroisorhizas. (B) Stenoteles from the hypostome of the gastrozooid. (C) Stenotele to the left and an unidentified capsule in the hypostomal region of the gastrozooid. (D) Ovoid capsules on the proximal part of the gastrozooidal tentacle. (E) Tip of the palpon with the unidentified capsules also seen in the hypostomal regions of gastrozooids (F) Ovoid capsules on palpacle. (G) Tip of the nectosomal palpon with stenoteles and spherical microisorhizas in very high densities. (H) Close-up of microisorhizas from the tip of the nectosomal palpons with the coiled tubule visible inside. Scale in (A) applies to (A – G) and is 50 µm. Scale in (H) is 25 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247714/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
D,F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B8B1660BFFF71205FF520322FA99E664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247712/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" targetBox="[340,1247,193,1382]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF71205FF520322FA99E664" blockId="18.[151,1436,1404,1579]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF71205FF520322FE88E5DD" bold="true" box="[151,284,1404,1426]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">FIGURE 15</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFF71205FEE90322FD97E5DD" box="[300,515,1404,1426]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubriversa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF71205FEE90322FD97E5DD" box="[300,515,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Apolemia rubriversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C58957EAFFF71205FDC90322FDF5E5DE" box="[524,609,1404,1426]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF71205FDC90322FDF5E5DE" bold="true" box="[524,609,1404,1426]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Palpons, gastrozooids and siphosomal organization of the holotype (A,C) and specimen D195 (B, D) (fixed tissue). (A) SEM of branched cormidium with primary branch (red) bearing the gastrozooid. Secondary branches (blue) branch off the primary branch and branch further (green). Palpons bud off branches of higher order and could be found at all different stages of development. Each palpon was accompanied by a bract and a palpacle. Scale 500 µm. (B) Mature palpons. Scale 2 mm. (C) Close-up of palpon showing highly prismatic cells and red pigmented cells in the distal region where the main gastric cavity ends. Scale 1 mm. (D) Mature gastrozooid with tentacle. Scale 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF71205FF02000CFE4DE6B4" blockId="18.[151,1437,1618,2003]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
The ovoid capsules of the tentacles and palpacles were similar in appearance to the rhopaloids found on the palpacles and tentacles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFF71205FE0D0028FD1CE6C0" box="[456,648,1654,1679]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lanosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF71205FE0D0028FD1CE6C0" box="[456,648,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Apolemia lanosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but, unfortunately, their true identity could not be established as no discharged capsules were found. For the palpons, the base of the palpacle was found to be a nematogenic region. No mature capsules were found there, whereas they could easily be identified more distally, but developing nematocysts were identified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A4D46508FFF71204FF020158FABCE10F" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF71204FF020158FABCE10F" blockId="18.[151,1437,1618,2003]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF71205FF020158FEF4E750" bold="true" box="[199,352,1798,1823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFF71205FE580158FE6BE750" box="[413,511,1798,1823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="33758821FFF71205FDFF0159FD0EE750" box="[570,666,1799,1823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens all came from the vicinity of Monterey Bay, California. Several other specimens from the same region have either been collected or identified from
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF71205FB5A0175FB71E70D" box="[1183,1253,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
photographs, as listed below in
|
||
<tableCitation id="A14C0338FFF71205FE8A0110FE3DE728" box="[335,425,1870,1895]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="19.[151,239,440,463]" captionTargetBox="[159,1352,492,1375]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 2. Specimens of Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. observed or collected in the vicinity of Monterey Bay, California." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B8B1660BFFF61204FF5207E6FA09E180" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" tableUuid="B8B1660BFFF61204FF5207E6FA09E180">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. One specimen, however, was collected at the southern end of the Gulf of California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="94D97613FFF71205FF52012CFF64E7C4" box="[151,240,1906,1931]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The mean depth for all these specimens was 649 ±
|
||
<specimenCount id="FAC8FD0AFFF71205FC9F012CFC3FE7C5" box="[858,939,1906,1931]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="2B369B66FFF71205FC9F012CFC33E7C5" box="[858,935,1906,1931]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="151.0">151 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Similar morphology has been reported for nectophores collected off Vancouver Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="885F4B72FFF71205FD5B01C9FB91E7E0" author="Mapstone" box="[670,1029,1942,1967]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" refString="Mapstone, G. M. (2009) Siphonophora (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Canadian Pacific Waters. National Research Council of Canada Research Press, 302 pp." type="book" year="2009" yearSuffix="p">
|
||
Mapstone 2009, p. 83,
|
||
<figureCitation id="74F52A06FFF71205FC7701C8FB91E7E0" box="[946,1029,1942,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1155]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 13. Apolemia rubriversa sp. nov. Early siphosomal organization of the holotype (live). Ventral view, anterior up. Numbers indicate gastrozooids starting with the youngest. (A) Anterior part of the siphosome. Frame indicates region shown in B. (B) Close-up of siphosomal growth zone. Gastrozooids (numbered) become arranged in a defined biserial organization. Palpon buds are first visible at the base of the gastrozooid and later on the gastrozooidal stalk. An indentation forms at the proximal end of the gastrozooid body separating the future basigaster region from the main body. Nematocysts become visible as opaque cells in basigaster of gastrozooid 7. (C) Siphosomal horn bending towards the right side of the siphosomal stem. Pigment has been lost as a result of tissue manipulation. Scale bars in (A) 2 mm, (B, C) 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247710/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and described as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFF71205FB3701C8FAC9E7E0" box="[1266,1373,1942,1967]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF71205FB3701C8FAC9E7E0" box="[1266,1373,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Apolemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.”, raising the possibility that they are the same species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="885F4B72FFF71205FD2101E5FC30E79C" author="Mapstone" box="[740,932,1979,2003]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" refString="Mapstone, G. M. (2009) Siphonophora (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Canadian Pacific Waters. National Research Council of Canada Research Press, 302 pp." type="book" year="2009">Mapstone (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reported more findings of this particular
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFF61204FF5206C9FE97E0FF" box="[151,259,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF61204FF5206C9FE97E0FF" box="[151,259,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Apolemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from Bahamian waters taken by manned submersibles JSL I and JSL II, which would extend the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFF61204FE1406E2FDF8E09A" box="[465,620,188,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubriversa">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF61204FE1406E2FDF8E09A" box="[465,620,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">A. rubriversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
if they prove to belong to that species. There are, however, critical differences between the nectophores of these samples and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFF61204FC5806BEFBA1E0B7" box="[925,1077,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubriversa">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF61204FC5806BEFBA1E0B7" box="[925,1077,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">A. rubriversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The nectophores described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="885F4B72FFF61204FF52075BFECCE153" author="Mapstone" box="[151,344,260,284]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Mapstone, G. M. (2009) Siphonophora (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Canadian Pacific Waters. National Research Council of Canada Research Press, 302 pp." type="book" year="2009">Mapstone (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not have diverticula on the lateral canals or nematocyst patches. Thus it will be necessary to have more complete material in order to make a definitive statement about the identity of those samples.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A4D46508FFF61204FF020712FD49E1C7" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC713683FFF61204FF020712FD49E1C7" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF61204FF020712FEDAE12A" bold="true" box="[199,334,332,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BCE4D00FFF61204FD800712FD2FE12A" box="[581,699,332,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Apolemiidae" genus="Apolemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubriversa">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEBAEA91FFF61204FD800712FD2FE12A" box="[581,699,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">rubriversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from the Latin for red furrow, indicating the red pigmentation in the lower furrow of the nectophore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |