474 lines
49 KiB
XML
474 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3dc572fa-7250-4d55-9ad0-b13d5ede0709" ID-PMC="PMC8613132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1071-63" ID-Pensoft-UUID="95BBE51DAD55577AA658388C7DD71744" ID-PubMed="34887694" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1071-63" checkinTime="1637199296187" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Keresztes, Lujza, Kappert, Juergen, Henning, Maria & Toeroek, Edina" docDate="2021" docId="645AD891E989599FADBE40F2164C712B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1071: 63-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1071" docPubDate="2021-11-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598" docTitle="Ptychoptera (Paraptychoptera) pollux Keresztes & Toeroek 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="95BBE51DAD55577AA658388C7DD71744" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="95BBE51DAD55577AA658388C7DD71744" masterDocTitle="Helen's twins in the Balkans: discovery of two new Paraptychoptera Tonnoir, 1919 species closely related to P. helena Peus, 1958, with systematic revision of the " lacustris " group (Diptera, Ptychopteridae)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1668151140512" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Helen's twins in the Balkans: discovery of two new Paraptychoptera Tonnoir, 1919 species closely related to P. helena Peus, 1958, with systematic revision of the " lacustris " group (Diptera, Ptychopteridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Keresztes, Lujza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-6496</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Advanced Hydrobiology and Biomonitoring Lab, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">keresztes2012@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kappert, Juergen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Forsthaus 1, D- 363 94, Sinntal, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Henning, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Advanced Hydrobiology and Biomonitoring Lab, Babes-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Toeroek, Edina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5982-7078</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>" Lenduelet " Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vacratot, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-11-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1071</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>63</mods:start>
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<mods:end>81</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1071-63</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">95BBE51DAD55577AA658388C7DD71744</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="results">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="190303618" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:59BAE5BD-BB77-4D24-AB52-A9AB130FD5B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/645AD891E989599FADBE40F2164C712B" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/59BAE5BD-BB77-4D24-AB52-A9AB130FD5B9" authority="Keresztes & Török" authorityName="Keresztes & Toeroek" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera (Paraptychoptera) pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Paraptychoptera">
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Ptychoptera (Paraptychoptera) pollux Keresztes &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Török">Toeroek</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Holotype</emphasis>
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. male, North Macedonia: Mavrovo, Novo Selo, sweeping the vegetation near a small outflow from Mavrovo Lake, 29. vi, 2017, 990 m, leg. E.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Török">Toeroek</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="41.721355" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.721355">41.721355°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="20.830103" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="20.830103">20.830103°E</geoCoordinate>
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. Institutional id for specimen is DCFBG-PT-0003.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Paraptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraptychoptera pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Paraptychoptera pollux</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is known only from a single male collected near a small overflow of the Mavrovo Lake with muddy shore invaded by rich vegetation (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitat of Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov., north Macedonia, Novo Selo village, Mavrovo lake outflow." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611854" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">6</figureCitation>
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). The male general habitus and wing venation with spots are highly similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., but the wing spots tend to be reduced, mostly the basal spot and distally band which is divided into two distinct patches. Further differences are in male epandrium: The less developed finger-like subapical process is unique to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. pollux</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Ptychoptera castor sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e left gonocoxite with gonocoxite lobes f anterior and medial lobules, details g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611850" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2d</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Ptychoptera helena, paratype male (ZFMK) a habitus male b head and thorax dorsal c right wing d epandrium, dorsal e subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral f gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal g gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal h hypandrium, caudal i paramere, ventral j aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611852" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4e</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5d</figureCitation>
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). However, in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. pollux</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., this process is much shorter than in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but comparably longer than in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with blunt apex and divergent from the basal thorn. However, there is an important difference in the basal thorn orientation. In
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. pollux</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the basal thorn is oriented upward, while in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the thorn is curved downward. Hypopygium shape with its rounded and slightly inflated apex is the second most distinctive character of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. pollux</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., which differentiates it from both
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as well as from other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Paraptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraptychoptera" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Paraptychoptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Ptychoptera castor sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e left gonocoxite with gonocoxite lobes f anterior and medial lobules, details g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611850" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2c</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Ptychoptera helena, paratype male (ZFMK) a habitus male b head and thorax dorsal c right wing d epandrium, dorsal e subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral f gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal g gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal h hypandrium, caudal i paramere, ventral j aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611852" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4d</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5c</figureCitation>
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). Paramere lateral arms of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. pollux</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but are shorter and gradually widened at tip and rounded (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5h</figureCitation>
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). The rest of the characters, such the gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, hypandrium and the aedeagus are highly similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Ptychoptera helena, paratype male (ZFMK) a habitus male b head and thorax dorsal c right wing d epandrium, dorsal e subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral f gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal g gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal h hypandrium, caudal i paramere, ventral j aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611852" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4g, i</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Keresztes & Toeroek" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Ptychoptera pollux</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">a</emphasis>
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flagellum of antennae
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">b</emphasis>
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right wing
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">c</emphasis>
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epandrium, dorsal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">d</emphasis>
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subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">e</emphasis>
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gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">f</emphasis>
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gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">g</emphasis>
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hypandrium, caudal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">h</emphasis>
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paramere, ventral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">i</emphasis>
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aedeagal complex, dorsal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611854" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Habitat of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Keresztes & Toeroek" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Ptychoptera pollux</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., north Macedonia, Novo Selo village, Mavrovo lake outflow.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Description</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
|
. Medium-sized species, highly similar to its sibling species,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Body length 7.9 mm, wing length 8.5 mm. Head and thorax similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Antennae with 15 segments. Scape elongate, cylindrical, yellowish brown, pedicel globular, pale brown, flagellar segments uniformly dark brown (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5a</figureCitation>
|
|
). First flagellar segment shorter than the following two segments together, the others successively shorter and thinner. Each flagellar segment with several long straight black setae and a dense pelt of short dark hairs. Head shining black. Eye large, finely faceted, bare; no ocelli. Clypeus large, elongate, rectangular, flattened, labrum pale brownish. Labellum large, yellowish, maxillary palpus very long with a whip-like fifth segment pale yellow.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
|
Thorax dorsally brownish black with metallic blue shining, narrow pronotum, base of postnotum and large parts of episternum, epimeron and metapleuron pale brownish. Coxae orange, legs yellowish, apex of femur, narrow base and apex of tibia, tarsal segments brownish. Wing with three transverse bands of well-developed confluent dark spots in the anterior part of base, middle and distal part of otherwise clear or pale yellowish membrane. Basal spot of the wing more reduced. Distal band interrupted close to ventral edge. Isolated dark spots are present at distal end of Sc and R3 (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5b</figureCitation>
|
|
). Wing membrane with macrotrichia. Halter and prehalter yellow.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">First abdominal tergite blackish to dark brown with a metallic blue shining, narrow yellow stripe close to distal end, well developed yellow band in tergite 2 with a black spot in the middle. Tergite 3 black, covered with yellow setae, the remaining tergites brownish black. Genitalia pale brown. Narrow sternites pale brown at base, becoming yellowish towards the auxiliary sexual organ on segment III. Sternites 4-7 medially reduced to a narrow band with a deep notch in the middle at proximal margins.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
|
Auxiliary sexual organ highly similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Male terminalia. Epandrium with distinct collar, deeply and widely emarginated behind, hypoproct long tongue-like and furry (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5c</figureCitation>
|
|
). Hypoproct lobe widened at apex, rounded, with a shallow notch in the middle. Epandrium lobe long, slightly widened apically. Subapical process of epandrium with a digitiform ventral projection with basal thorn and curved upward, longer, than the blunt digitiform process (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5c, d</figureCitation>
|
|
). Apex of the digitiform process with long macrotrichia. Gonocoxite simple, cylindrical. Gonostylus with an anterior lobule divided into a dorsal triangular process, ventral part with a small rostrum (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5f</figureCitation>
|
|
). Middle lobe strong sclerotised sickle-like curved process, with long fine hairs at the end (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5e, f</figureCitation>
|
|
). Gonostylus apical lobe narrow fleshly process, subequal with secondary lobe (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5e</figureCitation>
|
|
). Secondary lobe slightly curved at apex, with strong erect spines. Hypandrium wide, long and elongate crests in the middle, including a narrow slit between them, from which the eversible sac protrudes. The transverse scale at the base of the slit is less developed, with two lateral wings and a triangular process in the middle, membranous and densely pilose. Hypandrium apex terminal division less developed, but distinct as a narrow band with pointed apex (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5g</figureCitation>
|
|
). Paramere lateral arms less developed, rounded apically and widened with less-developed setae close to the interior of the apex. Apical processes of paramere well developed, rectangular, with a recurring thorn-like formation (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5h</figureCitation>
|
|
). Aedeagal complex highly similar to other
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Paraptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraptychoptera" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Paraptychoptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species. Apex of aedeagus concave, with a depression in the middle, subapical lobe of aedeagus rounded (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ptychoptera pollux sp. nov. a flagellum of antennae b right wing c epandrium, dorsal d subapical lobe of epandrium, ventral e gonocoxite and gonostylus complex, dorsal f gonostylus anterior and medial lobules, caudal g hypandrium, caudal h paramere, ventral i aedeagal complex, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611853" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5i</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Female unknown.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Etymology</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
|
. The specific epithet is named after Pollux, the twin brother of Castor in Greek mythology, known together as the Dioscuri, both twin brothers of Helena, because together with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
they share close morphological similarity with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and all together they form a distinct monophyletic unit among
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Paraptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraptychoptera" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Paraptychoptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as was recovered by our cladistic analysis (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Single most parsimonious tree (1392 steps) based on 53 morphological characters. Bootstrap (B) values over 50 % are noted above the corresponding branches, respectively. Branch support was calculated by bootstrap with 10000 replicates. Character states are shown above branches." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611855" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">7</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611855" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
Single most parsimonious tree (1392 steps) based on 53 morphological characters. Bootstrap (B) values over 50% are noted above the corresponding branches, respectively. Branch support was calculated by bootstrap with 10000 replicates. Character states are shown above branches.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="cladistic analyses">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Cladistic analyses</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
|
.The parsimony analyses of the 53 different morphological characters selected in the present study resulted in a single most parsimonious tree (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Single most parsimonious tree (1392 steps) based on 53 morphological characters. Bootstrap (B) values over 50 % are noted above the corresponding branches, respectively. Branch support was calculated by bootstrap with 10000 replicates. Character states are shown above branches." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611855" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">7</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
|
As shown in our parsimony analyses (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Single most parsimonious tree (1392 steps) based on 53 morphological characters. Bootstrap (B) values over 50 % are noted above the corresponding branches, respectively. Branch support was calculated by bootstrap with 10000 replicates. Character states are shown above branches." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1071.58598.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/611855" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">7</figureCitation>
|
|
.), the eleven different
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Paraptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraptychoptera" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Paraptychoptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species are divided into two major monophyletic clades, with a highly divergent monophyletic unit, including five species,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. agnes" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agnes">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. agnes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. lacustris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. lacustris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. pollux</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. This monophyletic unit is supported by common morphological features, such as the soft and lobe-like basal scale, hypandrium with a long, but not bilobate narrow ribbon-like process or reduced and the simpler lateral arms of paramere (characters 36, 52).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
|
Among this group, a distinct lineage is represented by
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. agnes" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agnes">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. agnes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, highly different from all other members of the clade by the presence of a conspicuous epandrial lobe, with a ventral lobe close to the base, and a transverse projection with a comb of long setae, unique only to this species, in addition to the particularly shaped hypoproct and epandrial subapical process, and also by the uniquely shaped secondary lobe of the apical stylus inflated and globulose at apex, besides the details of hypandrium and parameres (characters 8, 12, 13, 23, 30, 37, 47).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
|
The present cladistic analyses recovered the "
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera lacustris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">Ptychoptera lacustris</taxonomicName>
|
|
" species group as a monophyletic unit, which was also noted by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Stubbs, AE" journalOrPublisher="Huntingdon, Biological Records Centre" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" refId="B16" refString="Stubbs, AE, 1993. Provisional atlas of the Ptychopterid craneflies (Diptera: Ptychopteridae) of Britain and Ireland. Huntingdon, Biological Records Centre" title="Provisional atlas of the Ptychopterid craneflies (Diptera: Ptychopteridae) of Britain and Ireland." year="1993">Stubbs (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1076/aqin.25.3.241.15262" author="Zwick, P" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" pagination="241 - 246" refId="B21" refString="Zwick, P, Stary, J, 2003. Ptychoptera delmastroi sp. nov. (Diptera: Ptychopteridae) from Italy. Aquatic Insects 25 (3): 241 - 246, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1076/aqin.25.3.241.15262" title="Ptychoptera delmastroi sp. nov. (Diptera: Ptychopteridae) from Italy." url="https://doi.org/10.1076/aqin.25.3.241.15262" volume="25" year="2003">
|
|
Zwick and
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Starý">Stary</normalizedToken>
|
|
(2003)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, but in a restricted sense, containing only four species:
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. lacustris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. lacustris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">P. pollux</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
sp. nov. Further, the previously considered
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. loncicauda" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loncicauda">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. loncicauda</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. paludosa" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paludosa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. paludosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were excluded and mostly based on a weekly developed auxiliary sexual organ in "
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera lacustris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">Ptychoptera lacustris</taxonomicName>
|
|
" group, but well developed in later species, and a weakly developed and reduced subhemispherical membranous basal scale in "
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera lacustris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">Ptychoptera lacustris</taxonomicName>
|
|
" group in contrast with the well-developed and chitinous scale in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. longicauda" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicauda">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. longicauda</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. lacustris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. lacustris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
. There was also the presence of the stripe-like and bifurcate or cross-shaped terminal division of the hypandrium apex in
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. longicauda" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicauda">P. longicauda</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. paludosa" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paludosa">P. paludosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, in contrast with the weakly developed terminal division of hypandrium apex in "
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera lacustris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">Ptychoptera lacustris</taxonomicName>
|
|
" group. This latter was missing in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. lacustris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. lacustris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or reduced to a tapering ribbon-like protrusion in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and allies (characters 38, 48). However, within the "
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera lacustris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">Ptychoptera lacustris</taxonomicName>
|
|
" group the subapical lobes of epandrium have a conspicuously similar shape in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. helena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. pollux</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., while in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. lacustris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. lacustris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
such a formation is totally absent.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera lacustris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Ptychoptera lacustris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is also divergent from the three closely-related Balkan species by the presence of a small triangular hypoproct and rounded subspherical basal scale of the hypandrium (characters 21, 39).
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peus" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Ptychoptera helena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the two newly discovered species of the "
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera lacustris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustris">Ptychoptera lacustris</taxonomicName>
|
|
" group are morphologically highly similar, but deeply divergent from all other
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Paraptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraptychoptera" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Paraptychoptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species, having unique epandrial clasper lobes that are slightly divergent toward the tip, and epandrial subapical lobes reduced to a finger-like short projection with a basal chitinous thorn, hypandrium apex terminal division that is highly reduced, finger-like, with pointed apex, lacking laterally directed spines, but thin hairs are sometimes present (only in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
such a process is absent). Further, the aedeagus tip has a unique shape, with a small depression in the middle (characters 29, 40, 44, 45).
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peus" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera helena" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helena">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Ptychoptera helena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pollux" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollux">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. pollux</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. are highly similar, but minor differences are present in the shape of the hypopygium, and the design of the subapical lobe of the epandrium (characters 24, 26). Further, they are distinctly different from
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. castor" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">P. castor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. by the presence of a long subapical epandrial lobe (character 19), which is as long as its basal chitinous thorn, as well as the long harpoon-like hypoproct, unique only to this species (character 25).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
</document> |