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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="147460" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fc59b0b6-86fd-4578-b942-aca758227fd5" ID-PMC="PMC9848972" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-208-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" ID-PubMed="36761401" ModsDocID="1314-2003-208-103" checkinTime="1663785939964" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lobban, Christopher S., Ashworth, Matt P., Camacho, Terance, Lam, Daryl W. &amp; Theriot, Edward C." docDate="2022" docId="621983A0CE405866A074AF54574EAC94" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 208: 103-184" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 208" docPubDate="2022-09-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913" docTitle="Climacosphenia elongata J. W. Bailey 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1732928098777" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F106258082882498A61B8B1D49386D97">Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DEF041C23FF1462BB9D093257A020AD6">Lobban, Christopher S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3FF1C03B5923488BE4CD31373B492C49" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-0656</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="537ED4C6B6C217FFD892AE98BEA5A8AC">Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DCE25EC55BE8B2A07DA1F83E3789E49E" type="email">clobban@guam.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D539D14D291F1DC751796C80AB659438">Ashworth, Matt P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D0333C1EA981292D75B9DD3AB7385446">Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="641F79FEE53C4A230A45ADF598B703A2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="57995F12BC6FA8C30844EE1DD5F778E4">Camacho, Terance</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="912F72C770AE5780B8E9EBAAF3F5D627">Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="532B75E7681762F70C9A71FC49B19342">Lam, Daryl W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2BB66229F91318ADBCA5CDF2D97E8DDC">LSAMP Program, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="19A7C9511AE8A97CC3C23C9A8650FF45">Theriot, Edward C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B348AD101E2ECC186C9C0AEFFA611155">Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="87893C553E07F495EB6577BFC000DAD1">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D6B4596CB93096495B62E10E8BCC758E">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4553738169079E48749F57C503D5861C">208</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F4CA47684B0E35079E6732667569BDB0">103</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="430EEC1BFB324E771706F807CAD6307A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="621983A0CE405866A074AF54574EAC94" ID-GBIF-Taxon="200923520" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:621983A0CE405866A074AF54574EAC94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/621983A0CE405866A074AF54574EAC94" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="6A1C6F2FD14255F7A725D787DE4199A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B8F459AB2E19943191E57A6C4AD441A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="66EC5DB072D79D9D171739FC175DD089" LSID="621983A0-CE40-5866-A074-AF54574EAC94" authority="J. W. Bailey, 1854" authorityName="J. W. Bailey" authorityYear="1854" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elongata" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">Climacosphenia elongata J.W. Bailey, 1854</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4E8A2785CCAAF3F16C5D07F77BAB5805" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="9FF4484C8C20B4D717AA92481E6DB757" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<figureCitation id="9117EFC8655B979515F834D12D0D5E72" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B6807861DCA33BACE622E9CB9F436C" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="references">
<paragraph id="E89706D11366BF0729D02B2BAA8D7E07" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">References.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D18A5900B9973383AA07E3CB3C7AC0F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation id="D877732102D1F178A4FF9F4971DCD604" author="Bailey, JW" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 15" publicationUrl="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" refId="B6" refString="Bailey, JW, 1854. Notes on new species and localities of microscopical organisms. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 7 (3): 1 - 15, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" title="Notes on new species and localities of microscopical organisms." url="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" volume="7" year="1854">Bailey 1854</bibRefCitation>
, p. 353, pl. 1, figs 10, 11;
<bibRefCitation id="A98E070FEA93E1BB1DBC1F1C0171DE2E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo 1897-1908</bibRefCitation>
, p. 352, pl. 86, figs 2-4;
<bibRefCitation id="B1B871A616ABBB5DD3C92B4EC5C54454" author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt 1914</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 307, figs 1-4; Ricard 1977, figs 669-677;
<bibRefCitation id="AFEB6F2C6A3118419785FB5A14D77E41" author="Montgomery, RT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Phycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B50" refString="Montgomery, RT, 1978. Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Volumes I and II. Ph.D. Dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee." title="Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Volumes I and II. Ph. D. Dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee." year="1978">Montgomery 1978</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 114, fig. E-H;
<bibRefCitation id="6C5197F0A397E111CDDEC003B94BEC96" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round 1982</bibRefCitation>
, figs 1-38 (in part);
<bibRefCitation id="108B057281417306DFCA290DFECBC7AB" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, Cambridge" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B67" refString="Round, FE, Crawford, RM, Mann, DG, 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge" title="The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera." year="1990">Round et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
, p. 442.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10637F9816821305CA0774FD156D0C8A" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="4EB838B3B0DE5B064208744BEA52CA98" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description from literature.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E866E6DEBF54FC4ED0DECB775CF0791" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="300B9045691310CCECEC319D1D409646" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="8C443CDA587AB61EF6BFF4A369CDACD3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been described (e.g., by
<bibRefCitation id="C8D9A198595CA2703C93493A217D68EE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo 1897-1908</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="0FF1D994C32C2D55DA30395FDAFFBD55" author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B25" refString="Hustedt, F, 1931-1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." title="Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." year="1931 - 1959">Hustedt 1931-1959</bibRefCitation>
) as identical to
<taxonomicName id="13573B62C12891CC15FB1FA216325A5C" lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
<emphasis id="79AE79A543783E8C89D743F456FA97CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ehrenberg, 1843 except for the valve tapering more abruptly to a stem with parallel sides. Yet
<bibRefCitation id="7FA6D1A7D06EE3CF47ABB6F5367D73DF" author="Bailey, JW" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 15" publicationUrl="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" refId="B6" refString="Bailey, JW, 1854. Notes on new species and localities of microscopical organisms. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 7 (3): 1 - 15, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" title="Notes on new species and localities of microscopical organisms." url="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" volume="7" year="1854">Bailey (1854)</bibRefCitation>
had specifically distinguished his species from
<taxonomicName id="05659236C4D53D15AC8E023733CD771A" lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
<emphasis id="C41FEC3B48A467C25E6B5FBEE52ED7EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the finer stria density (without giving numbers) and described a species 330
<normalizedToken id="53E8C21768A557C2DEBD1E8BF358184D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, with very wide craticular bars (as shown also in
<bibRefCitation id="14FCF71A5B0BB1C3E22E786F49BD9C57" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo 1897-1908</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 86, fig. 5;
<bibRefCitation id="CA46A927C53723B2C6310D2BB6EC036C" author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt 1914</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 307, figs 1-4; and
<bibRefCitation id="B539CA0CCF74005D138481E1857F49E9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round 1982</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3) (Table
<tableCitation id="69CFCFAD2A7B9E55FBCAAF760440C7C6" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Comparison of Climacosphenia species from literature and present observations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF">5</tableCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="B267A0E618C95828DA69585F9B51ACD2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo (1897-1908)</bibRefCitation>
gave stria densities of 18-21 near the basal pole, 27-&gt;30 near the apical pole for
<taxonomicName id="B2F5EF1393CC6FEA25BB9C5ED2A77B44" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B9B92FA6D757005067CF47915879C6A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus 16-17 in 10
<normalizedToken id="43DC4886B3DF8FC2B53EFAFB043B76CF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
basal and 19-20 in 10
<normalizedToken id="65F10082BFA75BF43BEC12FAE4D9308F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
apical for
<taxonomicName id="FC887F088894FBCCA4931B4B548CCD26" lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
<emphasis id="8C3440AEDD6CA86915599C95E438E222" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but expressed the opinion that there was intergradation between the two species.
<bibRefCitation id="6662AE91A5C61E7C977316D7E11E67E5" author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B25" refString="Hustedt, F, 1931-1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." title="Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." year="1931 - 1959">Hustedt (1931-1959)</bibRefCitation>
said that Peragallo and Peragallo had confused their European specimens of
<taxonomicName id="2E63927DF927339A65DEB25CA7AA1F79" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="C69BB9114B9F5A93EBFA5A4B3EE27B62" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="AAC83461A0436EA9D91620EEF022FA5F" lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
<emphasis id="E27FAD20E8706D97CDF3C0B17150F44E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and he attempted to resolve the confusion with an original drawing of a cell with a very long, very narrow stem. The drawing (his fig. 626) was based on Samoan specimens he had published in
<normalizedToken id="7A17810DC93B3E80D233D4557FE50946" originalValue="“Schmidt’s">&quot;Schmidt's</normalizedToken>
Atlas&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="DEE313BF3540A6D9CC630BEB6295823B" author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt 1914</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="9440DECE3D40AD6F3265B47FA0E408A4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round (1982)</bibRefCitation>
attempted to clarify the difference between the two species, not considering the variation within
<taxonomicName id="B82D402A00D6935B21218F9E20CE1055" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="1C490BDB1579D8C445A94A0753DD1D68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but his drawings of
<taxonomicName id="2179B88E41BDD1A23AFDBAF558BA1753" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="5D7CC7DB9E99B1D0EB9204E8205EEEA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show specimens no more than 320
<normalizedToken id="5086F84CA4E518FD6C30BFEAF8481B7E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long. In recent literature,
<bibRefCitation id="6FF0A90667ECBC99931605A9017B3864" author="Alvarez-Blanco, I" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Diatomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 409" refId="B2" refString="Alvarez-Blanco, I, Blanco, S, 2014. Benthic diatoms from Mediterranean coasts. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 60: 1 - 409" title="Benthic diatoms from Mediterranean coasts." volume="60" year="2014">
<normalizedToken id="B3E1ED5EC17E7007B4C713B099A2D22F" originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
Blanco and Blanco (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
, show short cells similar those in
<bibRefCitation id="FC732A818E6126A5DA2B6B3A8B6E5913" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo (1897-1908)</bibRefCitation>
, while
<bibRefCitation id="8CF0ACCF97904CBC6E2B8318B2FDE7FA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" author="Navarro, JN" journalOrPublisher="Diatom Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="123 - 157" refId="B52" refString="Navarro, JN, Lobban, CS, 2009. Freshwater and marine diatoms from the western Pacific islands of Yap and Guam, with notes on some diatoms in damselfish territories. Diatom Research 24: 123 - 157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" title="Freshwater and marine diatoms from the western Pacific islands of Yap and Guam, with notes on some diatoms in damselfish territories." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705787" volume="24" year="2009">Navarro and Lobban (2009)</bibRefCitation>
reported cells 750-1200
<normalizedToken id="FD802E3365A444B9F0ECB5090072DE3F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long from a Guam sample, similar in shape to those in
<bibRefCitation id="D1BD65CB84954864F54DA05E7BD5F81E" author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B25" refString="Hustedt, F, 1931-1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." title="Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." year="1931 - 1959">Hustedt (1931-1959)</bibRefCitation>
, a range that otherwise occurs only in
<normalizedToken id="A754AD607A275D4B9D9D741C9C9B0675" originalValue="Hustedt’s">Hustedt's</normalizedToken>
report (table in
<bibRefCitation id="400369FEC4827FAA99842CC9B45D88C3" author="Alvarez-Blanco, I" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Diatomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 409" refId="B2" refString="Alvarez-Blanco, I, Blanco, S, 2014. Benthic diatoms from Mediterranean coasts. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 60: 1 - 409" title="Benthic diatoms from Mediterranean coasts." volume="60" year="2014">
<normalizedToken id="3EDB9AFC45A24F1F75A5DD9459842912" originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
Blanco and Blanco 2014
</bibRefCitation>
: 103). Ultrastructural characters: Apical spines present; costae generally present; frustules have only two girdle bands, both with fimbriate inner margins (
<bibRefCitation id="625845BEC989719CEA857C3BC397628A" author="Ricard, M" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B64" refString="Ricard, M, 1987. Atlas du phytoplancton marin. Vol. 2. Diatomees. Editions du CNRS, Paris." title="Atlas du phytoplancton marin. Vol. 2. Diatomees. Editions du CNRS, Paris." year="1987">Ricard 1987</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 677;
<bibRefCitation id="19C0978287E764CC4F19067DAE7B2474" author="Montgomery, RT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Phycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B50" refString="Montgomery, RT, 1978. Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Volumes I and II. Ph.D. Dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee." title="Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Volumes I and II. Ph. D. Dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee." year="1978">Montgomery 1978</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 114, fig. G;
<bibRefCitation id="88D3A843FC968AC1686FC69C10EE2729" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round 1982</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF" ID-Table-UUID="85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Table 5" startId="T5">
<paragraph id="26F00DEBD806EC6B929E429C68BE7252" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="A7413EF5252E41AD322287E95083D6F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Table 5.</emphasis>
Comparison of
<taxonomicName id="2102DFC2C546F87A6FF2613B15882121" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1841" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5FA67E42100B7673F6A5D284F900A79B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from literature and present observations.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1AE7DACE9F00AC292EC53C1C5C2570B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<table id="9FA706A128F680340B8BC5A2E4DEC4D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<tr id="AD776190607A4B759D026F9E807DB92E" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<th id="18641DD5F6BC92A57D2362D6D5776D48" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th id="EB964E15EB8699DA1B3A80647CD49570" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
Valve length,
<normalizedToken id="AC4B847412BCA7343E0FC44A69493F79" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</th>
<th id="3B3C16C829D0E51F554A607C62C99EFE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
Width near basal pole,
<normalizedToken id="E373FC6839DD4B2E297296D2E68D1211" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</th>
<th id="18926DC6F2DF84043A119505E9F89FE9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Shape</th>
<th id="2A5475B7A487170037D57943B4B323FD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
Valvocopula width near apical pole†,
<normalizedToken id="5AC39316ED29B77943C0082495B7B094" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</th>
<th id="0C77FE31B954616F0C5D17C89601C1F9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
Annulus width near apical pole†,
<normalizedToken id="012EAF317BADF88338548DB588C85044" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</th>
<th id="790B688542E1102665301D506CC04859" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
Stria density in 10
<normalizedToken id="0FCE46159F1A5DFD6C6258C1EB3126C5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
</th>
<th id="C889688524D386112F6B3A74D590CECB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Craticular bars</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2BF3F7D3E54891676EB7E962D25FDE76" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td id="1F7D5977FDAAE54D13424801C0BF30A8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="1F36D658B4E2973918A812CAC570C9D8" lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis id="F8AF3ADB353F1510AEB99A253A643886" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="B5B29C1DB3F239CB192695922717849E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">700-1305</td>
<td id="C5709725EE8582EC537D927C8B70D9B6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td id="3F745E665E449CBE02D6A65EA44EAA63" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Spathulate</td>
<td id="F07F1B5D100E3875F12B22D3F9C0EB12" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">22-24</td>
<td id="28D64F2BA52CB99ABA6E1C6B3E374214" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">8</td>
<td id="FB8192B51CEDC30BA5509AC1E5F4E3ED" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">18-21 basal, 27-28 apical</td>
<td id="E02A7D2DE4446D466192681BD6379ABA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Narrow throughout, complex unions in stem often double</td>
</tr>
<tr id="796615F3916A60E7969F27E1B047C726" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td id="054D45B7AFCCD169F58C1EA9DEC3BEAB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="289ACF60D3CA6BBE9C263723A91F5C8D" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="0A92724286BFFD8211CA01B735D4E816" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‡ (literature)
</td>
<td id="5722E6FF72D956E062677793CD36A221" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">325-525</td>
<td id="9B8837ACEEBEA9ACBA1F7BD2F7F5B4FE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="E247485800B9EBA4626DDB79A21EF0A8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Clavate</td>
<td id="614986F4A02E022C7347ED897F02B8B7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="9477FDA1B61219F3DF0C48C75776D185" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="DB81FE296CDA9905CE40E8D7B3B98B4F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">18-21 basal, 27-30 apical</td>
<td id="8BE567B45C0AC8B140F2A0B2B25E3E17" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken id="008F89B3CD77F0ABD80FBB99C53C3595" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
Narrow throughout, complex unions in stem
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2018E1CD4EA5F27DFBDD9C223D822910" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td id="990DFEEB49FD3461B7957D2DDA06A582" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="CF239AD713B0A1ABB52AD7FCFB0D0B17" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="DB937829E8ACC2014050959B5EA6E25F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(this study)
</td>
<td id="50F65CFEF5996DFA67ED95ABC04D1723" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">278-516</td>
<td id="58D87509D1B3730B27062F2DA416A96B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">8-9</td>
<td id="E9D57EC4A9EE87F29736A644B4F90F57" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Clavate</td>
<td id="63B92EF9C96C12B514071DFED49AB372" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">30-31</td>
<td id="E5C547C8DEDEC747F85E8D2552B9E41E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">14-18</td>
<td id="548F07D8CD1D3F855CC09C4CB70D730D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">22 basal, 28 apical</td>
<td id="D3E798D2253CCCF60DBA44614992326B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken id="274061B9769FA42F40CC5F3718F7BF51" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
Narrow throughout, complex unions in lower stem
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CCE5B65E2A95E78AE3A671A17FE34EC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td id="ACAEE6370F94EE0FBD65C21CE894A9DF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="580D3BC5EDAE0ABD248CACE41928D5D4" lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
<emphasis id="E47E6122703B26213FE6723AA797E7E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‡ (literature)
</td>
<td id="7A72D62147DD8D519373125FB4C73089" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">200-700</td>
<td id="0FF01A5DCDD72037E25F71ECDA814103" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td id="F376512EA7FBE954757C4522456D1258" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Gradual taper</td>
<td id="A38C2581A1FC21FB3291FA31981475F8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">15-40</td>
<td id="91C29B70BB9DE3101ADABB50A37F85F0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="23660BC63F89AE2B28D07DFC9DB14C84" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">16-17 basal, 19-20 apical</td>
<td id="FC493D15B1BA2D8652A15316CC4EC5B5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Wide throughout; complex unions?throughout</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A2FD99C75F355E440603260E074CCDE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td id="4A452A190F1C71FBB21FF47E51D6FE30" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="4B5AF9A6BD66B4C30FC5FE6318317EFA" lsidName="C. scimiter" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="scimiter">
<emphasis id="8FA947E69359B590FCB58AE3A9C04BF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. scimiter</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="EF8590A3011E6AE55F7155A6D34E7D12" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">390-612</td>
<td id="28F15B7255BAE11AED10240DD7027BB8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">9</td>
<td id="E8314B025F9B955099DD606497FAFA63" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Curved</td>
<td id="1D59D707B6914682227772864708908B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">25-26</td>
<td id="448DC8332173BE8D39430F66CC307B87" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">7-10</td>
<td id="458FA0F48BFC09DB65C54DF97DB3384F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">21 basal, 29 apical</td>
<td id="31A6C3328AA16632579AD29ECD456AA0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Narrow throughout, complex unions absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6E8A00DFE749146734F59177D483E0F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td id="414B7460503D1A29D49D8B53EC163A15" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="E869FB9129489A7AF09864E6BEE602A0" lsidName="C. soulonalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="soulonalis">
<emphasis id="5863551468C6CA3303D2F41AC323CE29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. soulonalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="DEB83EB8E5C2A4C464679A9933FBF6F3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">390-530</td>
<td id="20C5E2E87DC1C79E79FA77FD1934DC69" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">10-12</td>
<td id="8067E71BB6B13A3FEA43BD37C1317B1F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Gradual taper</td>
<td id="B5140267C72FD1123F857F123FB9EE52" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">29-35</td>
<td id="7C6CDD49F06D7C41ED814CFF5F9234D7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">15</td>
<td id="55DB08ABC72DC59281BF245B3D52E552" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">18-20 basal, 28-29 apical</td>
<td id="57279AB4714D10FE60B5ED21CE8C2281" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Narrow throughout, complex unions only in basal 1-3 bars</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AFCDB561CC17EBFFD2C7BAAA0BC88351" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<tableNote id="7D5CF23FF5DB6105B480F65E1DD19FB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
† We have tried to standardize width measurements for comparison with annulus width by measuring width across the valvocopula rather than the valve because the mantles are deep and tend to spread out, but width data for
<taxonomicName id="150F343F41B17352327576DECDE5BDB4" lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
<emphasis id="E7510DCDC398D5A47594AD8FA1555882" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are from the literature. ‡ Confusion between
<taxonomicName id="3FE59D9CB10C60865A7BE48DD8B56DE9" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia moniligera" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
<emphasis id="5808427F5B003E54DAAAF2B5E967FE67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia moniligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="81711B7584EB6374A1ECEB24F517A4FA" authorityName="J. W. Bailey" authorityYear="1854" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elongata" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="CDCAF102F356DC2ED6835BD439E2B131" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the literature (see text) has led to a wide range of morphometrics; here we have summarized dimensions from
<bibRefCitation id="51FFD570ED7E27A588C6C452427BA64C" author="Bailey, JW" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 15" publicationUrl="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" refId="B6" refString="Bailey, JW, 1854. Notes on new species and localities of microscopical organisms. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 7 (3): 1 - 15, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" title="Notes on new species and localities of microscopical organisms." url="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dh32g9mu" volume="7" year="1854">Bailey (1854)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="8C6B34481A76B996A2307813A3306422" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo (1897-1908)</bibRefCitation>
for these species, and craticular bars from drawings in Ehrenberg (1853, pl. 2, part 6, fig. 1a, b),
<bibRefCitation id="C5375E39467B9BE521296AC1B25DD7B1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" author="Peragallo, H" journalOrPublisher="Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B59" refString="Peragallo, H, Peragallo, M, 1897-1908. Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M.J. Tempere, Grez-sur-Loing, France, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" title="Diatomees Marines de France et des Districts Maritimes Voisins. M. J." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68918" year="1897 - 1908">Peragallo and Peragallo (1897-1908</bibRefCitation>
, plate 86, fig. 5),
<bibRefCitation id="6C2765BE54A9DC176573FC2A18996B5F" author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B24" refString="Hustedt, F, 1914. Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874-1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." title="Plates 307, 308. In: Schmidt A, Schmidt M, Fricke F, Heiden H, Mueller O, Hustedt F (1874 - 1959) Atlas de Diatomaceen-kunde. Reprint 1972. Koeltz, Koenigstein." year="1914">Hustedt (1914</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 307, figs 1-4), and
<bibRefCitation id="535D4282CB542FECB610E256825DFCD9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" author="Round, FE" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="510 - 527" refId="B66" refString="Round, FE, 1982. The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr. Botanica Marina 25 (11): 510 - 527, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" title="The diatom genus Climacosphenia Ehr." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1982.25.11.519" volume="25" year="1982">Round (1982</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3).
<bibRefCitation id="6270E46A8AB20F293801DBF4C38D5FB9" author="Navarro, JN" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="333 - 367" refId="B53" refString="Navarro, JN, Perez, C, Arce, N, Arroyo, B, 1989. Benthic marine diatoms of the Caja de Muertos Island, Puerto Rico. Nova Hedwigia 49: 333 - 367" title="Benthic marine diatoms of the Caja de Muertos Island, Puerto Rico." volume="49" year="1989">Navarro et al. (1989</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 11) and
<bibRefCitation id="CBACA3B73202F4A7D6C586A015F2ECFE" author="Witkowski, A" journalOrPublisher="Diatom Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B87" refString="Witkowski, A, Lange-Bertalot, H, Metzeltin, D, 2000. Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts, I. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell." title="Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts, I. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell." year="2000">Witkowski et al. (2000</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 18, fig. 1) also show recognizable
<taxonomicName id="E89B735D7EAB0AD143CBAB3A454E112A" lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
<emphasis id="6AD12A8CBA99450EC701AFE6B034E948" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in LM.
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EB10D5FE217DAC1DD7BE42957528862F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="54238A5C6150399804F734ECD9D1153B" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Materials examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B229C8663450EE7B14425AD94A37681" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<collectingCountry id="112B8094395AE393E4A7DBB44668FA80" name="Guam">Guam</collectingCountry>
: GU44Y-13!, GU44U-1B!, GU44BM-4!, GU44BM-7!, GU52X-1!.
<collectingCountry id="0788190BA6B7BEFB5ACA495B7FDECCF5" name="Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="06806BF44A1B38ACCCE74F0E9D72CCEB" country="Micronesia" name="Chuuk">Chuuk</collectingRegion>
, TK4!
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23995CE85117C3DDF33F4F14C6B1E31D" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="observations">
<paragraph id="CD4B470DB0BBC21FC4B6E4A814070850" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Observations.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="48C3BCD9560E82D15805946180496E2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Valve clavate, apical part gradually tapering to a narrow stem nearly half the total length of 278-516
<normalizedToken id="E6C7ECC28B8217D077C0486E54BF4D58" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="AEFAF4D4ED55FE2FD870B275DFF5417A" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25A, B</figureCitation>
); maximum width 30-33 at apical pole, 7-8
<normalizedToken id="40665594AB6F7A3E07576F68B9CEC16E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
across stem and expanding slightly to 9
<normalizedToken id="8746FFBCD9EACDB84B419760FF64EC68" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
across basal pole (Table
<tableCitation id="6A19C7825ABB412BE0AF326A5CA75CCC" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Comparison of Climacosphenia species from literature and present observations." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="85B91B21EF651CFA3D98A95EBB43FCEF">5</tableCitation>
); annulus closed at both poles, gradually tapering from maximum width of 16-17
<normalizedToken id="56B96E0BADD15B27467F27BC2D828813" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
near apical pole (Fig.
<figureCitation id="497BBF12B15EC66882E57B6B35016970" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25B</figureCitation>
arrows, D, E). Stria densities 28 in 10
<normalizedToken id="85DB4CC880C49C15AB4602EE64433FD6" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
near apical pole (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6F602BF792AFC13615A238F8931856B5" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25E</figureCitation>
), 22 in 10
<normalizedToken id="B79EB894442E448A70CABAD40742A8C7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
near basal pole outside the annulus; sparser and more loosely organized inside annulus at basal pole (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B31308315D11025619C084600E8432E6" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25D, G</figureCitation>
). Apical spines present (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F6602248AF1A7FB3752626B93186A6B5" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25E</figureCitation>
), pseudoseptum absent (Fig.
<figureCitation id="199C604D6AD9D163EECC3E3122CAF114" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25G</figureCitation>
). Costae present except at basal pole, where they start at margin and extend centripetally, eventually thickening the virgae inside the annulus (Fig.
<figureCitation id="ADA9EA6E92F92784508F44E767C146AF" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25G</figureCitation>
). Valvocopula stria density 19 in 10
<normalizedToken id="524E325247555F3103490D708EADA72B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="3FA8B3D711B755D8D39E52C28DA9E591" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25E, F</figureCitation>
), pars interior with comb of long, unbranched fimbriae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1E5227F6B7EF933584A976DC69A10296" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25C</figureCitation>
). Craticular bars consistently narrow (1
<normalizedToken id="1E23AFA268429F6192EA482F11E2C499" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C523B97488C874261D0430778A78F3BC" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25B, D, G, H</figureCitation>
), though sometimes doubled (Fig.
<figureCitation id="ADC6AF53B4BA7953666D62A569109F81" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25A</figureCitation>
), the spaces between them rectangular with rounded corners; connections complex in most of the stem, becoming simple where the valve widened (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2482D4157CF2438E9F369911DE7146C0" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25C, D, G</figureCitation>
vs Fig.
<figureCitation id="E08999EC9658209A7CEC178168FF33DB" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25B, H</figureCitation>
). There was a wider space between two of the bars in the middle of the wide part (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8D6BDE3789B42D125BCDF915D46AB720" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25B</figureCitation>
, thick arrow); based on our observations on
<taxonomicName id="05EB9361C61AF5C4DA818C90EB02FCE8" lsidName="C. elegantissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis id="270DB5E0FCC1B8F4E1949755EA341D9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elegantissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(below), this is probably the location of the nucleus. Copula with 24 striae in 10
<normalizedToken id="867FDEACDF7F25E346310B1F79C06744" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="67B34A4584E4CA45ABE2922D32E78EF8" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25F</figureCitation>
), pars interior not observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="11D63C140F55599D4DC4B0B94305C990" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
<paragraph id="AAA206593673DA58A35F2EF9B4FAB36D" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="0CE1E08424CC0BE344CA6F6B9D37A956" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2AC994D2EE761BCFC3A5FE28DCD3CB59" authorityName="J. W. Bailey" authorityYear="1854" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Climacosphenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Climacosphenia elongata" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="9F7B836813028A93128FF8E3448B4E8E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Climacosphenia elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, GU44BM-7, except as noted
<emphasis id="6B6FA9BA5903DD6C1AFE3113D85104D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU44X-2)
<emphasis id="7FDBAFE2640CAF710E2EC0C38243F113" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow)
<emphasis id="8387EC63A10DF39EA7DDF448DD18B903" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae
<emphasis id="E0EFBFFC529FA44F679E6E0D3A23C92D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars
<emphasis id="228BCAF75DDD2E7EA88D26AF16582D23" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines
<emphasis id="F59C54E829D47864ACF1EFE6FDA01720" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">F</emphasis>
frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands
<emphasis id="E04988C240312564C646CDF2F16FF1EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G, H</emphasis>
valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of
<normalizedToken id="7DC5034F14EFF6831D32E8C52B05B01A" originalValue="“stem,”">&quot;stem,&quot;</normalizedToken>
respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK4). Scale bars: 100
<normalizedToken id="5011CAF7B24145E022C18A7EE36202B9" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="5D485080B9C75C92FCFA1D8B4340FE07" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
); 50
<normalizedToken id="453213B075BB97F9213F548F7625DF75" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="6372FAF78F95E86FF36C8F6485CFE05B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
); 10
<normalizedToken id="CE92EA2E1E6A616270CB004D0F9AC4E1" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="FC0ADD987F64FFC4E00E3DCCF24155D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C-H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E95D3275130689C62AB83F2609674D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="taxonomic comments">
<paragraph id="B586CFB7F0E9EFD2A92CC9D8BD0281F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6321C174FE3D60B9D0692B07B6186434" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
The shape and morphometrics accord adequately with the literature on
<taxonomicName id="C365C378FB179C2A376B21673A43183E" lsidName="C. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="DA519D012A8A41BFADE4B97A39E03024" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the narrow craticular bars, especially in the stem, differing from the sturdy bars and oval spaces of
<taxonomicName id="01F97692E467BEEC47200E9606F5E041" lsidName="C. moniligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="moniligera">
<emphasis id="C2BEC99E198F0FAE04210F6728FCBD2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C. moniligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and from the very long-stemmed specimens depicted by
<bibRefCitation id="C7AC345A4E7A872FC9D56729AC3C372A" author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B25" refString="Hustedt, F, 1931-1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." title="Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." year="1931 - 1959">Hustedt (1931-1959</bibRefCitation>
, p. 89, fig. 626). Based on the available evidence, we accept the hypothesis that the specimens shown in Fig.
<figureCitation id="BD05FC8A849470125EF339D36F91EA5D" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Climacosphenia elongata, GU 44 BM- 7, except as noted A valve with valvocopula in LM, showing consistently narrow craticular bars, some double (arrowheads) (GU 44 X- 2) B apical part of a valve with valvocopula in SEM, showing the progressive narrowing of the annular ring (series of small arrows) and the wider space between craticular bars where the nucleus resides (thick arrow) C narrow portion of valve with valvocopula showing the fibmbriae D basal pole of valve with valvocopula, showing the scattered pattern of areolae inside the annulus gradually becoming regular striae, development of costae (arrow), and complex unions in the craticular bars E external view of apical pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F frustule in girdle view showing the two girdle bands G, H valvocopula near basal pole and in tapering part at top of &quot; stem, &quot; respectively, showing complex versus simple unions in the craticular bars (TK 4). Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746741" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">25</figureCitation>
are
<normalizedToken id="221BF1E428EC7E339CF24610A885439D" originalValue="Bailey’s">Bailey's</normalizedToken>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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