264 lines
30 KiB
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264 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e75590" ID-PMC="PMC8595221" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-9-e75590" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6BA3C833C857577DA4A39C7D3F896A48" ID-PubMed="34795550" ModsDocID="1314-2828-9-e75590" checkinTime="1636536797203" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sennikov, Alexander N. & Lazkov, Georgy A." docDate="2021" docId="5AC35411F8A85070947ECA2522C5743D" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 9: e75590" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 9" docPubDate="2021-11-09" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e75590" docTitle="Bunias orientalis L. 1753" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="6BA3C833C857577DA4A39C7D3F896A48" lastPageNumber="75590" masterDocId="6BA3C833C857577DA4A39C7D3F896A48" masterDocTitle="The first checklist of alien vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan, with new records and critical evaluation of earlier data. Contribution 1" masterLastPageNumber="75590" masterPageNumber="75590" pageNumber="75590" updateTime="1668126427846" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The first checklist of alien vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan, with new records and critical evaluation of earlier data. Contribution 1</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sennikov, Alexander N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-7657</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland & Komarov Botanical Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">alexander.sennikov@helsinki.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lazkov, Georgy A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biology, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-11-09</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>9</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>75590</mods:start>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e75590</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e75590</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-9-e75590</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6BA3C833C857577DA4A39C7D3F896A48</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5AC35411F8A85070947ECA2522C5743D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5AC35411F8A85070947ECA2522C5743D" lastPageNumber="75590" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
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<taxonomicName LSID="5AC35411-F8A8-5070-947E-CA2522C5743D" authority="L. 1753" authorityName="L." authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Bunias" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bunias orientalis" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">Bunias orientalis L. 1753</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Bunias" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bunias orientalis" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">Bunias orientalis</taxonomicName>
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L., Sp. Pl. 2: 670 (1753).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Distribution</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="native distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Native distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
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Eastern Europe (southern parts up to the boreal zone), Asia (Western Caucasus, Transcaucasia, eastern Anatolia). Two main parts of the distribution area, Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, correspond to two main gene pools (
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<bibRefCitation author="Koch, Marcus A." journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7381141" refString="Koch, Marcus A., Michling, Florian, Walther, Andrea, Huang, Xiao-Chen, Tewes, Lisa, Mueller, Caroline, 2017. Early-Mid Pleistocene genetic differentiation and range expansions as exemplified by invasive Eurasian Bunias orientalis (Brassicaceae) indicates the Caucasus as key region. Scientific Reports 7 (1)" title="Early-Mid Pleistocene genetic differentiation and range expansions as exemplified by invasive Eurasian Bunias orientalis (Brassicaceae) indicates the Caucasus as key region" volume="7" year="2017">Koch et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). The hypothesis of its non-native origin in Europe (
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<bibRefCitation author="Meusel, H." journalOrPublisher="Vergleichende Chorologie der Zentraleuropaeischen Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7331108" refString="Meusel, H., Jaeger, E., 1965. . Vergleichende Chorologie der Zentraleuropaeischen Flora 1" volume="1" year="1965">
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Meusel and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
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1965
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</bibRefCitation>
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) should, therefore, be rejected.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="secondary distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Secondary distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Neophyte and archaeophyte in Europe (outside its south-eastern part) and Northern Asia, neophyte in Central Asia, China and North America.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
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Since the 19th century, the species has been dispersed throughout other parts of Europe and, since the 20th century, also in Asia. Its early introduction to France was frequently ascribed to military activities of the Russian army during the War of the Sixth Coalition (1813-1814); this legendary report first appeared in an early German textbook (
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<bibRefCitation author="Endlicher, S." journalOrPublisher="C. Gerold, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7427828" refString="Endlicher, S., Unger, F., 1843. Grundzuege der Botanik. C. Gerold, Wien" title="Grundzuege der Botanik" year="1843">Endlicher and Unger 1843</bibRefCitation>
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), was subsequently promoted in popular literature (
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<bibRefCitation author="Rachinsky, S." journalOrPublisher="Russkii Vestnik" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="611 - 649" refId="B7524038" refString="Rachinsky, S., 1866. Moscow Flora [review]. Russkii Vestnik 61: 611 - 649" title="Moscow Flora [review]" volume="61" year="1866">Rachinsky 1866</bibRefCitation>
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) and finally entered academic writing (
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<bibRefCitation author="Klinge, J." journalOrPublisher="Baltische Wochenschrift fuer Landwirtschaft, Gewerbfleiss und Handel" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="257 - 260" refId="B7331134" refString="Klinge, J., 1887. Bunias orientalis L., die Zackenschote. Baltische Wochenschrift fuer Landwirtschaft, Gewerbfleiss und Handel 25 (25): 257 - 260" title="Bunias orientalis L., die Zackenschote" volume="25" year="1887">Klinge 1887</bibRefCitation>
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). According to the original source (
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<bibRefCitation author="Loiseleur Deslongchamps, J. L. A." journalOrPublisher="Flora Gallica" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7427872" refString="Loiseleur Deslongchamps, J. L.A., 1807. . Flora Gallica 2" volume="2" year="1807">Loiseleur Deslongchamps 1807</bibRefCitation>
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), the plant was actually naturalised from "garden" (i.e. experimental) cultivation in three places near Paris well before the War. Its earliest introductions to Europe seem to have been regularly linked with its cultivation for fodder or salad (
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<bibRefCitation author="Curtis, W." journalOrPublisher="H. D. Symonds, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7434717" refString="Curtis, W., 1812. Practical observations on the British grasses. H.D. Symonds, London" title="Practical observations on the British grasses" year="1812">Curtis 1812</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sinclair, G." journalOrPublisher="J. Ridgway, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7434709" refString="Sinclair, G., 1825. Hortus gramineus Woburnensis. J. Ridgway, London" title="Hortus gramineus Woburnensis" year="1825">Sinclair 1825</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lawson, P." journalOrPublisher="W. Blackwood & sons, Edinburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7434701" refString="Lawson, P., Lawson, C., 1836. The agriculturist's manual. W. Blackwood & sons, Edinburgh" title="The agriculturist's manual" year="1836">Lawson and Lawson 1836</bibRefCitation>
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), which was followed by a massive invasion with imported crop seeds and fodder (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation author="Suominen, J." journalOrPublisher="Acta Botanica Fennica" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B7434725" refString="Suominen, J., 1979. The grain immigrant flora of Finland. Acta Botanica Fennica 111: 1 - 108" title="The grain immigrant flora of Finland" volume="111" year="1979">Suominen 1979</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Pysek, P." journalOrPublisher="Springer" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7434742" refString="Pysek, P., Chytry, M., Pergl, J., Wild, J., Sadlo, J., 2017. Flora and vegetation of the Czech Republic. Springer" title="Flora and vegetation of the Czech Republic" year="2017">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pyšek">Pysek</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The species became a noxious weed and invasive in Northern Europe (Scandinavia and Finland) already in the second part of the 19th century (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation author="Fries, E. M." journalOrPublisher="Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7434693" refString="Fries, E. M., 1845. . Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae 1" volume="1" year="1845">Fries 1845</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Woll, W. F." journalOrPublisher="Experiment station record" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7434680" refString="Woll, W. F., 1899. . Experiment station record 10" volume="10" year="1899">Woll 1899</bibRefCitation>
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). Its recent spread in Europe is linked with transportation of contaminated grain and fodder in the second part of the 20th century (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jehlik, V." journalOrPublisher="Preslia" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="274 - 293" refId="B7381197" refString="Jehlik, V., Slavik, B., 1968. Beitrag zum Erkennen des Verbreitungscharacters der Art Bunias orientalis L. in der Tschechoslovakei. Preslia 40: 274 - 293" title="Beitrag zum Erkennen des Verbreitungscharacters der Art Bunias orientalis L. in der Tschechoslovakei" volume="40" year="1968">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jehlík">Jehlik</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Slavík">Slavik</normalizedToken>
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1968
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Jehlik, V." journalOrPublisher="Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="241 - 248" refId="B7429985" refString="Jehlik, V., Hejny, S., 1974. Main migration routes of adventitious plants in Czechoslovakia. Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica 9 (3): 241 - 248" title="Main migration routes of adventitious plants in Czechoslovakia" volume="9" year="1974">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jehlík">Jehlik</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hejný">Hejny</normalizedToken>
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1974
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Suominen, J." journalOrPublisher="Acta Botanica Fennica" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B7434725" refString="Suominen, J., 1979. The grain immigrant flora of Finland. Acta Botanica Fennica 111: 1 - 108" title="The grain immigrant flora of Finland" volume="111" year="1979">Suominen 1979</bibRefCitation>
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), and its local dispersal may occur by vehicles (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kieltyk, Piotr" journalOrPublisher="Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="323 - 331" refId="B7435571" refString="Kieltyk, Piotr, 2014. Distribution pattern of the invasive alien plant Bunias orientalis in Row Podtatrzanski trench, north of the Tatra Mts, Poland. Biologia 69 (3): 323 - 331" title="Distribution pattern of the invasive alien plant Bunias orientalis in Row Podtatrzanski trench, north of the Tatra Mts, Poland" volume="69" year="2014">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kiełtyk">Kieltyk</normalizedToken>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
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Besides the history of introduction in the modern period (neophyte records), archaeological evidence indicates that
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Bunias" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bunias orientalis" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Bunias orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was cultivated in Europe (Poland) as early as in the 12th and 13th centuries, most likely for food and fodder, and may remain locally surviving since then (
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<bibRefCitation author="Celka, Zbigniew" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity: Research and Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="1 - 110" refId="B7434775" refString="Celka, Zbigniew, 2011. Relics of cultivation in the vascular flora of medieval West Slavic settlements and castles. Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 22: 1 - 110" title="Relics of cultivation in the vascular flora of medieval West Slavic settlements and castles" volume="22" year="2011">Celka 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="distribution in central asia">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Distribution in Central Asia</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
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This species was originally introduced to Central Asia (eastern Kazakhstan) and southern Siberia as food by nomadic Turkic people over 2300-2400 years ago (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dashkovsky, P. K." journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="29 - 35" refId="B7331125" refString="Dashkovsky, P. K., Silantieva, M. M., Speranskaya, N. Y., Sinitsina, T. A., 2014. Vegetable remains from the barrow 19 of the Chineta II burial ground (North-West Altay). Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya: Istoriya, Filologiya 13 (7): 29 - 35" title="Vegetable remains from the barrow 19 of the Chineta II burial ground (North-West Altay)" volume="13" year="2014">Dashkovsky et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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), but this introduction had been eventually extirpated as no early botanical records indicated the presence of this species more easterly from the south-eastern Urals (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ledebour, C. F." journalOrPublisher="Flora Rossica" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7427889" refString="Ledebour, C. F., 1841. . Flora Rossica 1(1)" volume="1 (1)" year="1841">Ledebour 1841</bibRefCitation>
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). The first recent record of the species more easterly of the Urals, in southern Siberia, is dated 1912 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Krylov, P. N." journalOrPublisher="Flora of Western Siberia" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7427926" refString="Krylov, P. N., 1931. . Flora of Western Siberia 6" volume="6" year="1931">Krylov 1931</bibRefCitation>
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); the plants were collected as crop weeds and along roadsides, and the species was apparently introduced as a crop seed contaminant when the agrarian colonisation of Siberia was intensified by the Department of Migrations (1896-1917). This introduction occurred from East European populations of the species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Koch, Marcus A." journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7381141" refString="Koch, Marcus A., Michling, Florian, Walther, Andrea, Huang, Xiao-Chen, Tewes, Lisa, Mueller, Caroline, 2017. Early-Mid Pleistocene genetic differentiation and range expansions as exemplified by invasive Eurasian Bunias orientalis (Brassicaceae) indicates the Caucasus as key region. Scientific Reports 7 (1)" title="Early-Mid Pleistocene genetic differentiation and range expansions as exemplified by invasive Eurasian Bunias orientalis (Brassicaceae) indicates the Caucasus as key region" volume="7" year="2017">Koch et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Bunias" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bunias orientalis" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Bunias orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was first known from Kazakhstan (as ruderal in the eastern and south-eastern parts and in the Transili Alatau) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Vasilieva, A. N." journalOrPublisher="Flora of Kazakhstan" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7429875" refString="Vasilieva, A. N., 1961. . Flora of Kazakhstan 4" volume="4" year="1961">Vasilieva 1961</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Vasilieva, A. N." journalOrPublisher="Illustrated manual of vascular plants of Kazakhstan" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7429912" refString="Vasilieva, A. N., 1969. . Illustrated manual of vascular plants of Kazakhstan 1" volume="1" year="1969">Vasilieva 1969</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Nabiev, M. M." journalOrPublisher="Manual of vascular plants of Central Asia" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7429764" refString="Nabiev, M. M., 1974. . Manual of vascular plants of Central Asia 4" volume="4" year="1974">Nabiev 1974</bibRefCitation>
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). This distribution pattern (several records in the easternmost hilly part of the country and single records in the mountains) is still valid (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pagad, Shyama" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Data" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7336322" refString="Plantarium Plants and lichens of Russia and neighboring countries: open online galleries and plant identification guide https://www.plantarium.ru/lang/en.html 2021-07-12T00:00:00+03:00" year="2018">Plantarium 2021</bibRefCitation>
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||
). According to herbarium collections kept at LE, the first specimen of the species was collected from Kazakhstan in 1960, but its first records are apparently earlier.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
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The species was introduced to Uzbekistan (Tashkent Region,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Boʻstonliq">Boʻstonliq</normalizedToken>
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District) from Eastern Europe and was found locally established already in 1973 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Koch, Marcus A." journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7381141" refString="Koch, Marcus A., Michling, Florian, Walther, Andrea, Huang, Xiao-Chen, Tewes, Lisa, Mueller, Caroline, 2017. Early-Mid Pleistocene genetic differentiation and range expansions as exemplified by invasive Eurasian Bunias orientalis (Brassicaceae) indicates the Caucasus as key region. Scientific Reports 7 (1)" title="Early-Mid Pleistocene genetic differentiation and range expansions as exemplified by invasive Eurasian Bunias orientalis (Brassicaceae) indicates the Caucasus as key region" volume="7" year="2017">Koch et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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), but this record remained formally unpublished and was not taken into account in any other literature.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
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We discovered this species in Kyrgyzstan in 2009, for the first time in the Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lazkov, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="226 - 231" refId="B7331116" refString="Lazkov, G. A., Sennikov, A. N., Tojibaev, K., Sultanova, B., 2011. New and rare adventive plants from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 42: 226 - 231" title="New and rare adventive plants from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan" volume="42" year="2011">Lazkov et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). One more locality was found in 2021.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="distribution in kyrgyzstan">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Distribution in Kyrgyzstan</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
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Western Tian-Shan, Eastern Tian-Shan (new record) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F7430538" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of Bidens tinctoria (triangle) and Bunias orientalis (dots) in Kyrgyzstan." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e75590.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/588646" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
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So far, the species is known from two remote territories. In the Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve, it was first discovered (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lazkov, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="226 - 231" refId="B7331116" refString="Lazkov, G. A., Sennikov, A. N., Tojibaev, K., Sultanova, B., 2011. New and rare adventive plants from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 42: 226 - 231" title="New and rare adventive plants from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan" volume="42" year="2011">Lazkov et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as a large population along the side of the road leading from Arkyt Village to Lake Sary-Chelek (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F7331086" captionText="Figure 4. Plants of Bunias orientalis in the Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve (photo by G. Lazkov, 8 July 2021)." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e75590.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/565304" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Since 2018, the species was registered also in Arkyt Village, to which it was transported with hay from managed meadows (Lazkov, pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
|
||
In 2021, a large population of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Bunias" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bunias orientalis" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Bunias orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found at Acha-Kayyingdy Village (At-Bashy Mountain Range), on a fallow field with ruderal vegetation. Its further occurrence in the country can be predicted on cultivated lands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">In Kyrgyzstan, the species occurs at elevations between 1800 and 2200 m, which are suitable for crop and forage production and correspond to altitudes in the native distribution area of the species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Ecology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Mountain meadows at altitudes up to 2500 m in the native area; managed and natural meadows, fallow lands, pastures, ruderal places and roadsides with preference for disturbed ground in the secondary area.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
|
||
The species has been a common weed of spring crops in Eastern Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jarmolenko, A. V." journalOrPublisher="Weedy plants of the USSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7434660" refString="Jarmolenko, A. V., Vasilchenko, I. T., 1934. . Weedy plants of the USSR 3" volume="3" year="1934">Jarmolenko and Vasilchenko 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and was considered a common contaminant of crop seed and a noxious weed in Finland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Woll, W. F." journalOrPublisher="Experiment station record" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7434680" refString="Woll, W. F., 1899. . Experiment station record 10" volume="10" year="1899">Woll 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Sweden (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fries, E. M." journalOrPublisher="Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" refId="B7434693" refString="Fries, E. M., 1845. . Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae 1" volume="1" year="1845">Fries 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) already by the mid-19th century, due to the import of Russian rye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Biology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
|
||
Perennial forb with biennial stems and a strong taproot. Promoted by disturbance and moving, with very high generative effort (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Steinlein, T." journalOrPublisher="Vegetatio" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="73 - 82" refId="B7381170" refString="Steinlein, T., Dietz, H., Ullmann, I., 1996. Growth patterns of the alien perennial Bunias orientalis L. (Brassicaceae) underlying its rising dominance in some native plant assemblages. Vegetatio 125 (1): 73 - 82" title="Growth patterns of the alien perennial Bunias orientalis L. (Brassicaceae) underlying its rising dominance in some native plant assemblages" volume="125" year="1996">Steinlein et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Woitke, Markus" journalOrPublisher="Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="165 - 184" refId="B7381161" refString="Woitke, Markus, Dietz, Hansjoerg, 2002. Shifts in dominance of native and invasive plants in experimental patches of vegetation. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 5 (3): 165 - 184" title="Shifts in dominance of native and invasive plants in experimental patches of vegetation" volume="5" year="2002">Woitke and Dietz 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="introduction to kyrgyzstan">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Introduction to Kyrgyzstan</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="period of introduction">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Period of introduction</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Neophyte.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
|
||
The first record is dated 2009 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lazkov, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" pagination="226 - 231" refId="B7331116" refString="Lazkov, G. A., Sennikov, A. N., Tojibaev, K., Sultanova, B., 2011. New and rare adventive plants from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 42: 226 - 231" title="New and rare adventive plants from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan" volume="42" year="2011">Lazkov et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We feel confident that this conspicuous species was not overlooked in the times of the Soviet botanical exploration (especially considering that its first record came from the most actively explored area) and had arrived during the period of the independence of Kyrgyzstan (since 1991).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="pathways of introduction">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Pathways of introduction</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Transport - Contaminant: Seed contaminant. Transport - Contaminant: Contaminated bait.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">
|
||
According to the publicly available information (calls for tenders), the Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve regularly (nowadays twice a year) purchases considerable amounts of fodder to feed wild animals. This fodder has been imported from Russia, where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Bunias" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bunias orientalis" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Bunias orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a common weed and distributed for animal consumption across the territory of the Nature Reserve. Further dispersal occurred by hay management.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">In the second locality at Acha-Kayyingdy, the species was apparently a crop weed, thus being a contaminant of crop seed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="invasion status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Invasion status</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Locally naturalised, potentially invasive.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="evidence of impact">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Evidence of impact</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Agriculture - moderate impact (weed of fallow fields and managed meadows; limited occurrence). Native ecosystems - minor impact (on managed meadows). Urban areas - minor impact (occurrence in ruderal places and on roadsides).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75590" type="trend">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Trend</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75590">Increasing (observed).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |