555 lines
72 KiB
XML
555 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="AFE4DC0C55189BCBD2FBB4D664671BD8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5033.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5499124" ID-ZooBank="4314F784-A510-4F36-9E11-ED1EAC83CEBF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1631246977811" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Johnson, Robert A." docDate="2021" docId="5027B677FF7DA4A2FF25FCA9FB2F6C99" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5033.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5033 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5033.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pogonomyrmex spinolae Johnson, 2021, NEW STATUS" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="189" masterDocId="AC1ECE0FFFCAA41EFFB2FF86FFC76B0C" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part II" masterLastPageNumber="230" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="184" updateTime="1699406547276" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0ABA5D8C15DF39D8D12AC4C43AB4976F">
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<mods:title id="91869D11BF6B24A3ACB7E44CCFA47595">A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part II</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3018DF16AE032797859E4D745CC32DB1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="736C6EC4B1D6D9EB04B3E422671D19A6">Johnson, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C1B17A42FF7B5CD96AB2EC2070003021">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9475E4540DC4FDB73CD51EF4924D863D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3AEFE0615EEB5F44FBB7B7936147F850">
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<mods:date id="E408473B1B5003FD56924C41146C7ADB">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E6C2C4E9553DA8CA7BF387CBA3E00A67">2021-09-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F30A0F1A3ECCDBE3FEB534543F329DFC">5033</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5F8FD7E9E8053B680EF4AE41BC29191A">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="3EF4DBB135B8CC29321DE34841AB3D45">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5033.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8A799CBD3B1C83BEDF9B761274D67C9C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7DA500FC7965317C4D9B6320438D893C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5033.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E629B2375601E8C81E30F31F5989269C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5027B677FF7DA4A2FF25FCA9FB2F6C99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5499220" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF7DA4A2FF25FCA9FB2F6C99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5027B677FF7DA4A2FF25FCA9FB2F6C99" lastPageId="188" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<subSubSection id="909454EAFF7DA4A9FF25FCA9FD436845" box="[151,644,814,841]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D8310761FF7DA4A9FF25FCA9FD436845" blockId="183.[151,644,814,912]" box="[151,644,814,841]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<heading id="8379B00DFF7DA4A9FF25FCA9FD436845" bold="true" box="[151,644,814,841]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF7DA4A9FF25FCA9FD436845" bold="true" box="[151,644,814,841]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF7DA4A9FF25FCA9FE056845" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[151,450,814,841]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF7DA4A9FF25FCA9FE056845" bold="true" box="[151,450,814,841]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Pogonomyrmex spinolae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1C96608FF7DA4A9FE78FCA9FD436845" box="[458,644,815,841]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">NEW STATUS</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="909454EAFF7DA4A9FF25FCD4FEAD689C" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D8310761FF7DA4A9FF25FCD4FE5A6861" blockId="183.[151,644,814,912]" box="[151,413,850,877]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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(
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<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF7DA4A9FF2DFCD4FE846861" box="[159,323,850,877]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[337,1247,181,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[337,1251,181,1547]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Closeup photographs of the mesosoma in dorsal view and in profile that distinguish between brachypterous and fully alate queens of Pogonomyrmex: (A–B) dealate brachypterous queen of P. tinogasta (CASENT0235287), (C–D) brachypterous queen of P. atacama (CASENT0922568), (E–F) dealate queen of fully winged P. mapuche (CASENT0280985), and (G–H) fully winged queen of P. spinolae (CASENT0869792). Red arrows (A, B, E, F) show remaining wing scars after the wings have been lost in a brachypterous (A–B) and fully alate queens (E–F). Blue, green, and yellow arrows show morphological differences between brachypterous and fully alate queens. Blue arrows show the much enlarged pronotum in brachypterous queens (A & C) compared to the pronotum of fully alate queens (E & G). Green arrows show differences in the profile of the pronotum, with brachypterous queens having either a sloping (B) or vertical pronotum (D), whereas fully alate queens always have a vertical pronotum (F & H). Yellow arrows show brachypterous queens with the mesoscutum meeting the pronotum on a horizontal plane (A) or the mesoscutum slopes at 45o from the juncture of the pronotum to the dorsum of the mesoscutum (D), whereas the mesoscutum continues vertically from the pronotum in fully alate queens (F & H). Photographs by Michele Esposito and Robert Johnson from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499128/files/figure.png" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Figures 2G–H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF7DA4A9FEFCFCD5FE526861" box="[334,405,851,877]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 91" captionStart-1="FIGURE 92" captionStart-2="FIGURE 93" captionStartId-0="184.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionStartId-1="185.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionStartId-2="186.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox-0="[398,1184,181,1915]" captionTargetBox-1="[424,1158,181,1916]" captionTargetBox-2="[435,1147,181,1896]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@184.[398,1189,181,1915]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@185.[424,1163,181,1916]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@186.[435,1152,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId-0="184" captionTargetPageId-1="185" captionTargetPageId-2="186" captionText-0="FIGURE 91. Photographs of Pogonomyrmex spinolae worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914359). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." captionText-1="FIGURE 92. Photographs of Pogonomyrmex spinolae alate queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914360). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." captionText-2="FIGURE 93. Photographs of Pogonomyrmex spinolae male: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914361). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499349" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499351" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499353" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5499349/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5499351/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5499353/files/figure.png" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">91–93</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D8310761FF7DA4A9FF25FCF0FEAD689C" blockId="183.[151,644,814,912]" box="[151,362,886,912]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Distribution—90B</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="909454EAFF7DA4A9FF25FC3DFA5A68DE" box="[151,1437,954,978]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D8310761FF7DA4A9FF25FC3DFA5A68DE" blockId="183.[151,1437,954,1049]" box="[151,1437,954,978]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="F89E204FFF7DA4A9FF25FC3DFA5A68DE" box="[151,1437,954,978]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<treatmentCitation id="592F2170FF7DA4A9FF25FC3DFCC568DE" author="Emery, C." box="[151,770,954,978]" page="158" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" year="1906">
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<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF7DA4A9FF25FC3DFCC568DE" authority="Emery, 1906: 158" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="158" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,770,954,978]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bispinosus" variety="spinolae">
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<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF7DA4A9FF25FC3DFE6C68DE" box="[151,427,954,978]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Pogonomyrmex bispinosus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF7DA4A9FE07FC3CFCC568DE" box="[437,770,954,978]" collectionCode="MSNG" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="1" specimenCount-queen="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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var.
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<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF7DA4A9FE54FC3CFDFB68DE" box="[486,572,954,978]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">spinolae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BC1F7A90FF7DA4A9FDF4FC3CFCC568DE" author="Emery, C." box="[582,770,954,978]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="107 - 194" refId="ref146981" refString="Emery, C. (1906) Studi sulle formiche della fauna Neotropica. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 37, 107 - 194." type="journal article" year="1906">Emery, 1906: 158</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(queen, male).
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<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF7DA4A9FC1EFC3CFBCE68DE" box="[940,1033,954,978]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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examined:
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<specimenCount id="CE88CCE8FF7DA4A9FB34FC3CFB1B68DD" box="[1158,1244,954,978]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="queen">1 queen</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="CE88CCE8FF7DA4A9FB58FC3CFAF568DE" box="[1258,1330,954,978]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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[MSNG].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="909454EAFF7DA4A9FF75FC5BFBC76F15" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF7DA4A9FF75FC5BFBC76F15" blockId="183.[151,1437,954,1049]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF7DA4A9FF75FC5BFBC76F15" collectionCode="MSNG" collectorName="Claude Gay & Snelling & Hunt" country="Chile" location="Tucapel" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" specimenCode="CASENT0280987" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Biobio" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectingCountry id="A09947F1FF7DA4A9FF75FC5BFED368F9" box="[199,276,989,1013]" name="Chile" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">CHILE</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="1A4AC983FF7DA4A9FEACFC5BFEA068F9" box="[286,359,989,1013]" country="Chile" name="Biobio" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Bíobío</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location id="DD5151BAFF7DA4A9FEC2FC5BFE0668F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF7DA4A2FF25FCA9FB2F6C99:DD5151BAFF7DA4A9FEC2FC5BFE0668F9" box="[368,449,989,1013]" country="Chile" name="Tucapel" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" stateProvince="Biobio">Tucapel</location>
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(
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<collectorName id="757B62B7FF7DA4A9FE7CFC5BFD8F68F9" box="[462,584,989,1013]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Claude Gay</collectorName>
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leg.).
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<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF7DA4A9FD3BFC5BFD1568F9" box="[649,722,989,1013]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">MSNG</collectionCode>
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queen here designated
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<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF7DA4A9FC72FC5BFB9B68F9" bold="true" box="[960,1116,989,1013]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF7DA4A9FC72FC5BFB9B68F9" box="[960,1116,989,1013]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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[
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<specimenCode id="8828AF1AFF7DA4A9FBDAFC5BFAEB68F9" box="[1128,1324,989,1013]" collectionCode="CASENT" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">CASENT0280987</specimenCode>
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].
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<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF7DA4A9FF25FB87FDC96F15" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,526,1025,1049]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiculatus">
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<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF7DA4A9FF25FB87FE076F15" box="[151,448,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Pogonomyrmex vermiculatus</emphasis>
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Emery
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<collectorName id="757B62B7FF7DA4A9FDA5FB87FDAC6F15" box="[535,619,1025,1049]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Snelling</collectorName>
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||
&
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<collectorName id="757B62B7FF7DA4A9FD39FB87FD076F14" box="[651,704,1025,1048]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Hunt</collectorName>
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, 1976: 75, incorrect synonymy.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="909454EAFF7DA4A2FF25FBC0FAE66A11" lastPageId="188" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF7DA4A9FF25FBC0FB766ECF" blockId="183.[151,1437,1094,2006]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF7DA4A9FF25FBC0FEB46F6C" bold="true" box="[151,371,1094,1120]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Worker diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Workers of this species are uniquely characterized by the following combination of features: (1) well developed psammophore, (2) first gastral tergum lacking striae, weakly to strongly coriarious along base or extending over anterior one-half of segment
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<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF7DA4A9FD14FB0BFD786FAB" bold="true" box="[678,703,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">or</emphasis>
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with faint, barely visible, unincised striae on anterior one-third to one-half of segment, (3) posterior margin and usually posterior one-third or more of first gastral tergum smooth and shining to strongly shining, rarely weakly coriarious, (4) transverse rugae on posterior surface of petiolar node and dorsum of postpetiole, (5) head and mesosoma concolorous to nearly concolorous light to dark ferruginous orange to reddish-brown, (6) clypeus ferruginous orange to reddish-brown, concolorous with adjacent cephalic dorsum, (7) legs and antennal scapes usually orangish-brown, occasionally brownish to blackish, and (8) superior propodeal spines long, length> 0.6× the distance between their bases, (8) legs and antennal scapes usually orangish-brown, occasionally brownish to blackish, and (9) for most to all workers in a series, at least several hairs on dorsum of mesosoma> 0.7–0.8× MOD and greater than length of superior propodeal spines (
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<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF7DA4A9FB81FA2EFB636ECF" box="[1075,1188,1448,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="184.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[398,1184,181,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-19@184.[398,1189,181,1915]" captionTargetPageId="184" captionText="FIGURE 91. Photographs of Pogonomyrmex spinolae worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914359). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499349/files/figure.png" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Figure 91</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D8310761FF7DA4A9FF75FA4AFD266D22" blockId="183.[151,1437,1094,2006]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF7DA4A9FF75FA4AFEB16EEA" bold="true" box="[199,374,1484,1510]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Measurements</emphasis>
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—(
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<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF7DA4A9FE2EFA4BFE6D6EEA" box="[412,426,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">n</emphasis>
|
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= 25). HL 1.33–1.72; HW 1.47–1.84; MOD 0.28–0.36; OMD 0.31–0.45; SL 1.06–1.39; PNW 0.96–1.21; HFL 1.44–1.92; ML 1.68–2.10; PW 0.33–0.47; PPW 0.52–0.65. Indices: SI 67.03–79.41; CI 101.20–111.97; OI 17.83–21.43; HFI 85.29–109.09.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D8310761FF7DA4A9FF75F9BEFA986CDA" blockId="183.[151,1437,1094,2006]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF7DA4A9FF75F9BEFEB46D5C" bold="true" box="[199,371,1592,1616]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Head subquadrate to wider than long (CI = 101.20–111.97), broadest just posterior to eyes; posterior margin flat in full-face view. Longitudinal rugae on cephalic dorsum prominent, sometimes becoming more irregular to weakly rugoreticulate posterior to eyes; in full-face view, medial rugae usually diverging toward posterior corners of head. Posterior corners rugose, interrugae weakly to moderately granulate, weakly shining to dull, occasionally smooth and shining. Cephalic interrugae strongly granulate, dull, with a beaded appearance. Anterior margin of clypeus concave, dorsum with numerous subparallel, longitudinal rugae. Numerous long, curved, bristle-like, yellowish macrochaetae project from anterior margin of clypeus and ventral side of mandibles. Mandibles with six teeth; mandibular dorsum coarsely rugose. MOD ranging from 0.18–0.23× HL. In profile, eyes situated slightly anterior to middle of head, OMD = 0.94–1.41× MOD. In full-face view, eyes protruding slightly beyond lateral margins of head. Antennal scapes (SI = 67.03–79.41) failing to reach posterior corners of head by less than length of basal funicular segment. Antennal scapes smooth and shining to moderately coriarious, weakly shining, often with weak longitudinal striae, basal flange moderately well developed, flattened, with carinate margin. Psammophore well developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8CF157E9FF72A4A6FF25F814FB8A6CC3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5499349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499349/files/figure.png" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" startId="184.[151,250,1938,1962]" targetBox="[398,1184,181,1915]" targetPageId="184">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF72A4A6FF25F814FB8A6CC3" blockId="184.[151,1436,1938,1999]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF72A4A6FF25F814FED86CA6" bold="true" box="[151,287,1938,1962]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">FIGURE 91.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF72A4A6FE70F815FD7A6CA7" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[450,701,1939,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF72A4A6FE70F815FD7A6CA7" box="[450,701,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Pogonomyrmex spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914359). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8CF157E9FF73A4A7FF25F812FB556CDC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5499351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499351/files/figure.png" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" startId="185.[151,250,1940,1964]" targetBox="[424,1158,181,1916]" targetPageId="185">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF73A4A7FF25F812FB556CDC" blockId="185.[151,1437,1940,2000]" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF73A4A7FF25F812FEE76CA0" bold="true" box="[151,288,1940,1964]" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">FIGURE 92.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF73A4A7FE7AF813FD046CA0" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[456,707,1940,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="185" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF73A4A7FE7AF813FD046CA0" box="[456,707,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="185" pageNumber="186">Pogonomyrmex spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
alate queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914360). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8CF157E9FF70A4A4FF25F806FB8A6CB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499353" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5499353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499353/files/figure.png" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" startId="186.[151,250,1920,1944]" targetBox="[435,1147,181,1896]" targetPageId="186">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF70A4A4FF25F806FB8A6CB0" blockId="186.[151,1436,1920,1980]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF70A4A4FF25F806FEE76C94" bold="true" box="[151,288,1920,1944]" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">FIGURE 93.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF70A4A4FE75F807FD046C94" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[455,707,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF70A4A4FE75F807FD046C94" box="[455,707,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Pogonomyrmex spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914361). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF71A4A5FF75FF11FA496AF9" blockId="187.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
Mesosomal profile weakly to moderately convex. All mesosomal surfaces with prominent subparallel, irregular rugae to rugoreticulate. In dorsal view, humeral shoulders of pronotum enlarged, anterolateral margins angulate. Dorsum of mesonotum with strongly irregular, longitudinal rugae that diverge toward humeral shoulders of pronotum, anteromedial portion of pronotum rugoreticulate
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF71A4A5FD45FE85FCD76A11" bold="true" box="[759,784,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">or</emphasis>
|
||
anterad portion to all of pronotum and sometimes anterad portion of mesonotum rugoreticulate. Pronotal sides rugoreticulate. Irregular rugae on mesopleura angle posterodorsally, secondary rugae sometimes present; irregular transverse to oblique rugae on dorsum of propodeum traverse anteroventrally onto mesopleura. Promesonotal suture usually absent. Superior propodeal spines long, length> 0.6× the distance between their bases, spines connected by well defined keel; inferior propodeal spines broader than high, apex weakly rounded to acuminate. Propodeal spiracles narrowly ovate facing posterad. Interrugae on mesosoma weakly to moderately granulate-punctate, weakly shining. Legs weakly to moderately coriarious, weakly shining.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF71A4A5FF75FE79FB6B68A9" blockId="187.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Peduncle of petiole about 0.8× long as petiolar node, anteroventral margin with moderately to well developed rounded process that narrows posterad, then continues subparallel-parallel to near posteroventral margin of petiolar node. In profile, posterior surface of petiolar node weakly convex, node asymmetrical with posterior surface longer than anterior surface, apex weakly rounded to subangulate. In dorsal view, petiolar node longer than broad, widest near spatulate anterior margin, gradually tapering posterad. Posterior surface of petiolar node with regular to irregular, wavy or arcuate, transverse rugae. Dorsum of postpetiole convex in profile; in dorsal view, widest at or near posterior margin, tapering to anterior margin, maximum width and length about equal. Wavy to irregular, transverse rugae on dorsum of postpetiole finer, denser than those on posterior surface of petiolar node; interrugae on both surfaces weakly to moderately coriarious, weakly shining. First gastral tergum weakly to strongly coriarious along base to extending over anterior one-half of segment, sculpturing sometimes appearing as faint, barely visible, unincised striae on anterior one-third to one-half of segment; posterior margin and usually posterior one-third or more of first gastral tergum smooth and shining to strongly shining, rarely weakly coriarious.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF71A4A5FF75FC29FF036FC9" blockId="187.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
Erect, medium-length, white to cream colored pilosity moderately abundant on head, most hairs approximately 0.3–0.4× MOD. Moderately abundant suberect to semidecumbent pilosity on scape; abundant decumbent hairs on funicular segments. Legs with moderately abundant suberect to decumbent white to yellowish setae. Mesosoma, petiolar node, postpetiole, and gastral terga with erect, moderately dense, medium-length to long, white setae, longest hairs on mesosoma and posterior surface of petiolar node. For most to all workers in a series, at least several hairs on dorsum of mesosoma> 0.7–0.8× MOD and greater than length of superior propodeal spines. Body concolorous dark reddish-brown or with mesosoma and gaster slightly darker reddish-brown to reddish-black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF71A4A5FAE3FB01FF716FC9" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="184.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[398,1184,181,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-19@184.[398,1189,181,1915]" captionTargetPageId="184" captionText="FIGURE 91. Photographs of Pogonomyrmex spinolae worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914359). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499349/files/figure.png" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Figure 91</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF71A4A5FF75FB48FCFD6D05" blockId="187.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF71A4A5FF75FB48FE536FE4" bold="true" box="[199,404,1230,1256]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Queen diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Queens of this species are diagnosed by the following combination of features: (1) castespecific morphology of the mesosoma related to wing-bearing and presence of ocelli on head, (2) striae and coriaceous sculpture cover more than anterior two-thirds of medial portion of first gastral tergum, posterolateral margins smooth and shining
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF71A4A5FECBFABDFE556E59" bold="true" box="[377,402,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">or</emphasis>
|
||
first gastral tergum smooth and shining, (3) transverse rugae cover posterior surface of petiolar node and dorsum of postpetiole, (4) longitudinal rugae on cephalic dorsum posterior to eyes strongly irregular, often with short lateral branches; interrugae strongly granulate, dull, with a beaded appearance, (5) head, pronotum, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, anepisternum, katepisternum nearly concolorous to concolorous ferruginous orange, reddish-brown to brownish-red, or reddish-black, and (6) in profile, most hairs on dorsum of mesoscutum and mesocutellum approach to exceed MOD (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF71A4A5FDFAFA69FD2E6D05" box="[584,745,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[337,1247,181,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[337,1251,181,1547]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Closeup photographs of the mesosoma in dorsal view and in profile that distinguish between brachypterous and fully alate queens of Pogonomyrmex: (A–B) dealate brachypterous queen of P. tinogasta (CASENT0235287), (C–D) brachypterous queen of P. atacama (CASENT0922568), (E–F) dealate queen of fully winged P. mapuche (CASENT0280985), and (G–H) fully winged queen of P. spinolae (CASENT0869792). Red arrows (A, B, E, F) show remaining wing scars after the wings have been lost in a brachypterous (A–B) and fully alate queens (E–F). Blue, green, and yellow arrows show morphological differences between brachypterous and fully alate queens. Blue arrows show the much enlarged pronotum in brachypterous queens (A & C) compared to the pronotum of fully alate queens (E & G). Green arrows show differences in the profile of the pronotum, with brachypterous queens having either a sloping (B) or vertical pronotum (D), whereas fully alate queens always have a vertical pronotum (F & H). Yellow arrows show brachypterous queens with the mesoscutum meeting the pronotum on a horizontal plane (A) or the mesoscutum slopes at 45o from the juncture of the pronotum to the dorsum of the mesoscutum (D), whereas the mesoscutum continues vertically from the pronotum in fully alate queens (F & H). Photographs by Michele Esposito and Robert Johnson from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499128/files/figure.png" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Figures 2G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF71A4A5FCBFFA69FCEA6D05" box="[781,813,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="185.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[424,1158,181,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@185.[424,1163,181,1916]" captionTargetPageId="185" captionText="FIGURE 92. Photographs of Pogonomyrmex spinolae alate queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914360). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499351/files/figure.png" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">92</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF71A4A5FF75F995FDB46D96" blockId="187.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF71A4A5FF75F995FEB16D21" bold="true" box="[199,374,1555,1581]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF71A4A5FE21F995FE3E6D21" box="[403,505,1555,1581]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF71A4A5FDBCF995FDDB6D20" box="[526,540,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12). HL 1.71 (1.37–1.56); HW 1.80 (1.43–1.61); MOD 0.40 (0.31–0.37); OMD 0.44 (0.31–0.43); SL 1.20 (1.01–1.13); PNW 1.34 (1.13–1.28); HFL 1.79 (1.30–1.60); ML 2.45 (2.03–2.36); PW 0.53 (0.38–0.45); PPW 0.73 (0.59–0.71). Indices: SI 66.67 (64.38–73.82); CI 105.26 (99.72–111.11); OI 22.22 (20.13–25.17); HFI 99.44 (89.66–103.40).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF71A4A5FF75F925FC936C09" blockId="187.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF71A4A5FF75F925FE466DB0" bold="true" box="[199,385,1698,1725]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Male diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Males of this species are diagnosed by the following combination of features: (1) first gastral tergum lacking striae, (2) first gastral tergum with several to numerous suberect to erect hairs, (3) mesoscutum mostly smooth and shining, and (4) notauli absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF71A4A5FD64F96DFC8F6C09" box="[726,840,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="186.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[435,1147,181,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-19@186.[435,1152,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="FIGURE 93. Photographs of Pogonomyrmex spinolae male: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914361). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499353/files/figure.png" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Figure 93</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF71A4A5FF75F889FE2E6C99" blockId="187.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF71A4A5FF75F889FEB16C25" bold="true" box="[199,374,1807,1833]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF71A4A5FE21F889FDEE6C25" box="[403,553,1807,1833]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF71A4A5FD88F889FD8F6C24" box="[570,584,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12). HL 1.42 (1.12–1.25); HW 1.35 (1.15–1.32); MOD 0.47 (0.41–0.49); OMD 0.16 (0.13–0.25); SL 0.41 (0.31–0.51); HFL 1.81 (1.41–1.74); ML 2.37 (1.87–2.29); PW 0.48 (0.40–0.50); PPW * (0.62–0.72). Indices: SI 30.37 (26.50–41.80); CI 95.07 (96.69–106.45); OI 34.81 (33.33–41.18); HFI 134.07 (118.49–151.30). * = missing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF71A4A2FF75F818FAE66A11" blockId="187.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="188.[151,1437,150,1941]" lastPageId="188" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF71A4A5FF75F818FDFE6CB4" bold="true" box="[199,569,1950,1976]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF71A4A5FDF0F818FE556CD1" collectingDate="2014-03-02" collectionCode="MNNC, RAJC" country="Chile" location="5.8 km E San Fabian de Alico" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Biobio">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF71A4A5FDF0F818FD3C6CB5" bold="true" box="[578,763,1950,1977]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A09947F1FF71A4A5FDF0F818FD5B6CB4" box="[578,668,1950,1976]" name="Chile" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF71A4A5FD1DF818FD3C6CB5" bold="true" box="[687,763,1950,1977]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4AC983FF71A4A5FD1DF818FD3C6CB5" box="[687,763,1950,1977]" country="Chile" name="Biobio" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Bíobío</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Rt N-31 at
|
||
<location id="DD5151BAFF71A4A5FC22F818FB376CB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF7DA4A2FF25FCA9FB2F6C99:DD5151BAFF71A4A5FC22F818FB376CB5" box="[912,1264,1950,1977]" country="Chile" name="5.8 km E San Fabian de Alico" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Biobio">
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF71A4A5FC22F818FC266CB5" box="[912,993,1950,1977]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="km" value="5.8">5.8 km</quantity>
|
||
E San Fabián de Alico
|
||
</location>
|
||
, 1580’,
|
||
<date id="AC3021A1FF71A4A5FAFDF819FF086CD1" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="2014-03-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF71A4A5FAFDF819FF086CD1" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="2014-03-02">Mar 2, 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF71A4A5FF6FF845FEF16CD1" box="[221,310,1987,2013]" country="Chile" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mf2w-ryyx" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">MNNC</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF71A4A5FEF3F845FE4D6CD1" box="[321,394,1987,2013]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">RAJC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF71A4A2FE2FF845FE626BBD" collectingDate="2014-02-28" collectionCode="IFML, LACM, MACN, MCZC, MNNC, RAJC, UCDC, USNM" country="Chile" lastPageId="188" lastPageNumber="189" location="9.2 km E Antuco" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Biobio">
|
||
Rt Q-45 at
|
||
<location id="DD5151BAFF71A4A5FDAAF845FD116CD1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF7DA4A2FF25FCA9FB2F6C99:DD5151BAFF71A4A5FDAAF845FD116CD1" box="[536,726,1987,2013]" country="Chile" name="9.2 km E Antuco" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Biobio">
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF71A4A5FDAAF845FDA26CD1" box="[536,613,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="km" value="9.2">9.2 km</quantity>
|
||
E Antuco
|
||
</location>
|
||
, 2310’,
|
||
<date id="AC3021A1FF71A4A5FC82F845FC066CD1" box="[816,961,1987,2013]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="2014-02-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF71A4A5FC82F845FC066CD1" box="[816,961,1987,2013]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="2014-02-28">Feb 28, 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF71A4A5FC7DF845FBD06CD1" box="[975,1047,1987,2013]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">IFML</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF71A4A5FB90F845FBB06CD1" box="[1058,1143,1987,2013]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF71A4A5FB33F845FB1E6CD1" box="[1153,1241,1987,2013]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="Museum">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF71A4A5FB51F845FAF16CD1" box="[1251,1334,1987,2013]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">MCZC</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF71A4A5FAF2F845FA5F6CD1" box="[1344,1432,1987,2013]" country="Chile" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mf2w-ryyx" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">MNNC</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF76A4A2FF25FF11FF186BBD" box="[151,223,151,177]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">RAJC</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF76A4A2FF58FF11FEFC6BBD" box="[234,315,151,177]" country="USA" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="Museum">UCDC</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF76A4A2FEF5FF11FE5A6BBD" box="[327,413,151,177]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF76A4A2FE1DFF11FBF16BBD" box="[431,1078,150,177]" collectingDate="2014-03-01" collectionCode="RAJC" country="Chile" location="5.8 km S Tucapel" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Biobio">
|
||
Rt Q-59 at
|
||
<location id="DD5151BAFF76A4A2FD9EFF10FD356BBD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF7DA4A2FF25FCA9FB2F6C99:DD5151BAFF76A4A2FD9EFF10FD356BBD" box="[556,754,150,177]" country="Chile" name="5.8 km S Tucapel" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" stateProvince="Biobio">
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF76A4A2FD9EFF10FDBD6BBD" box="[556,634,150,177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" unit="km" value="5.8">5.8 km</quantity>
|
||
S Tucapel
|
||
</location>
|
||
, 1050’,
|
||
<date id="AC3021A1FF76A4A2FCFEFF11FC126BBD" box="[844,981,151,177]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" value="2014-03-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF76A4A2FCFEFF11FC126BBD" box="[844,981,151,177]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" value="2014-03-01">Mar 1, 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF76A4A2FC56FF11FBE86BBD" box="[996,1071,151,177]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">RAJC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF76A4A2FBF0FF11FA5E6BBD" box="[1090,1433,150,177]" collectingDate="1945-03-14" collectionCode="USNM" country="Chile" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Biobio">
|
||
Penco,
|
||
<date id="AC3021A1FF76A4A2FB26FF11FAEC6BBD" box="[1172,1323,150,177]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" value="1945-03-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF76A4A2FB26FF11FAEC6BBD" box="[1172,1323,150,177]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" value="1945-03-14">Mar 14, 1945</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF76A4A2FA8BFF11FA576BBD" box="[1337,1424,151,177]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF76A4A2FF25FF3CFC6E6BD9" box="[151,937,186,214]" collectingDate="2014-03-03" collectionCode="RAJC" country="Chile" location="Paso" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maule">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FF25FF3CFF256BD9" bold="true" box="[151,226,186,213]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4AC983FF76A4A2FF25FF3CFF256BD9" box="[151,226,186,213]" country="Chile" name="Maule" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Maule</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Rt 115 at
|
||
<location id="DD5151BAFF76A4A2FED3FF3DFE516BD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF7DA4A2FF25FCA9FB2F6C99:DD5151BAFF76A4A2FED3FF3DFE516BD9" box="[353,406,187,213]" country="Chile" name="Paso" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" stateProvince="Maule">Paso</location>
|
||
Nevado (pueblo), 1500’,
|
||
<date id="AC3021A1FF76A4A2FD09FF3DFC806BD9" box="[699,839,187,213]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" value="2014-03-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF76A4A2FD09FF3DFC806BD9" box="[699,839,187,213]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" value="2014-03-03">Mar 3, 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF76A4A2FCE5FF3DFC656BD9" box="[855,930,187,213]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">RAJC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF76A4A2FC04FF3DFE4D6BF5" collectingDate="2014-09-11" collectionCode="RAJC" collectorName="E Lago Colbun" country="Chile" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maule">
|
||
Hwy 115 at 5.0 km
|
||
<collectorName id="757B62B7FF76A4A2FB2AFF3DFA8F6BD9" box="[1176,1352,187,213]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">E Lago Colbún</collectorName>
|
||
, 1520’,
|
||
<date id="AC3021A1FF76A4A2FF25FF59FEEF6BF5" box="[151,296,223,249]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" value="2014-09-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF76A4A2FF25FF59FEEF6BF5" box="[151,296,223,249]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" value="2014-09-11">Sep 11, 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF76A4A2FE85FF59FE456BF5" box="[311,386,223,249]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">RAJC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF76A4A2FE27FF58FB9A6BF5" box="[405,1117,222,249]" collectingDate="2014-03-03" collectionCode="RAJC" country="Chile" location="Paso Pehuenche" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maule">
|
||
115 at
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF76A4A2FE6DFF58FDFC6BF5" box="[479,571,222,249]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.14" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" unit="km" value="51.4">51.4 km</quantity>
|
||
W
|
||
<location id="DD5151BAFF76A4A2FDD3FF59FCDE6BF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF7DA4A2FF25FCA9FB2F6C99:DD5151BAFF76A4A2FDD3FF59FCDE6BF5" box="[609,793,223,249]" country="Chile" name="Paso Pehuenche" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" stateProvince="Maule">Paso Pehuenche</location>
|
||
, 3550’,
|
||
<date id="AC3021A1FF76A4A2FCC1FF59FC3B6BF5" box="[883,1020,223,249]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" value="2014-03-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF76A4A2FCC1FF59FC3B6BF5" box="[883,1020,223,249]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" value="2014-03-03">Mar 3, 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF76A4A2FBB9FF59FB916BF5" box="[1035,1110,223,249]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">RAJC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF76A4A2FBD5FF58FB456A11" collectingDate="2019-02-08" collectionCode="RAJC" collectorName="Camino Embalse El Yeso" country="Chile" location="Metropolitan" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Metropolitan">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FBD5FF58FB396BF5" bold="true" box="[1127,1278,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4AC983FF76A4A2FBD5FF58FB396BF5" box="[1127,1278,222,249]" country="Chile" name="Metropolitan" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Metropolitan</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="757B62B7FF76A4A2FABFFF59FEE96A11" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Camino Embalse El Yeso</collectorName>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF76A4A2FEE2FE84FE596A11" box="[336,414,258,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" unit="km" value="9.5">9.5 km</quantity>
|
||
ENE turnoff from Camino Al Volcán, 5700’,
|
||
<date id="AC3021A1FF76A4A2FC2DFE85FBE36A11" box="[927,1060,259,285]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" value="2019-02-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BC74D849FF76A4A2FC2DFE85FBE36A11" box="[927,1060,259,285]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" value="2019-02-08">Feb 8, 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF76A4A2FB80FE85FBBD6A11" box="[1074,1146,259,285]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">RAJC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF76A4A2FB22FE85FAD26A11" box="[1168,1301,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="180.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[417,1163,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-19@180.[417,1169,181,1912]" captionTargetPageId="180" captionText="FIGURE 90. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex semistriata, (B) P. spinolae, and (C) P. strioligaster. The large black circle in each panel denotes the type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499347/files/figure.png" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Figure 90B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="909454EAFF76A4A2FF75FEA1FB106A69" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF76A4A2FF75FEA1FB106A69" blockId="188.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FF75FEA1FE886A4D" bold="true" box="[199,335,295,321]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Emery did not give information regarding the naming of this taxon in his description, but it is apparent that the name honored Spinola, who first described the queen and male as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FB96FECDFB176A69" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1851" box="[1060,1232,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Atta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FB96FECDFB176A69" box="[1060,1232,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Atta bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="909454EAFF76A4A2FF75FEE8FC4B6D5D" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF76A4A2FF75FEE8FF3E69C1" blockId="188.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FF75FEE8FE8B6A84" bold="true" box="[199,332,366,392]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FEE0FEE9FDA06A85" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[338,615,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FEE0FEE9FDA06A85" box="[338,615,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Pogonomyrmex spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from congeners by: (1) first gastral tergum lacking striae, weakly to strongly coriarious along base or extending over anterior one-half of segment
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FBDAFE15FB466AA1" bold="true" box="[1128,1153,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">or</emphasis>
|
||
with faint, barely visible, unincised striae on anterior one-third to one-half of segment, (2) superior propodeal spines long, length> 0.6× the distance between their bases, (3) transverse rugae on posterior surface of petiolar node and dorsum of postpetiole, and (4) head and mesosoma concolorous to nearly concolorous light to dark ferruginous orange to reddish-brown.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FF25FDA5FE056930" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,450,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucania">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FF25FDA5FE056930" box="[151,450,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Pogonomyrmex araucania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only congener that also fits this diagnosis. Length of hairs on the dorsum of the mesosoma separates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FE36FDC1FE38696D" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[388,511,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FE36FDC1FE38696D" box="[388,511,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FD85FDC1FD01696C" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[567,710,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucania">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FD85FDC1FD01696C" box="[567,710,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. araucania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FD46FDC1FCB7696D" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[756,880,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FD46FDC1FCB7696D" box="[756,880,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these hairs are longer, with most hairs approaching to exceeding the MOD, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FD8FFDEDFD0A6988" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" box="[573,717,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucania">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FD8FFDEDFD0A6988" box="[573,717,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. araucania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these hairs are shorter with most hairs <0.6–0.7× MOD. Note that hair length varies among individuals such that determinations should be made after examining several or more workers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF76A4A2FF75FD51FCA26F1D" blockId="188.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FF75FD51FD4A69FD" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1906" box="[199,653,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bispinosus" variety="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FF75FD51FE3269FD" box="[199,501,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Pogonomyrmex bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FD9CFD51FD4A69FD" box="[558,653,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from queens and males that Gay collected at a mating aggregation near Tucapel,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A09947F1FF76A4A2FE76FD7DFDC36819" box="[452,516,763,789]" name="Chile" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
. These were among the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF76A4A2FCAAFD7DFCBD6819" box="[792,890,763,789]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of Spinola’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FBA0FD7DFB636819" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1042,1188,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FBA0FD7DFB636819" box="[1042,1188,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but Emery separated them from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FE8EFC99FE756835" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[316,434,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FE8EFC99FE756835" box="[316,434,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker
|
||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF76A4A2FDBDFC99FDAE6835" box="[527,617,799,825]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which was from Santa Rosa, a site approximately
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF76A4A2FB13FC98FB316835" box="[1185,1270,798,825]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
|
||
north of Tucapel (see also Johnson, 2015). In his discussion,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC1F7A90FF76A4A2FD17FCC5FC876852" author="Emery, C." box="[677,832,835,862]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="107 - 194" refId="ref146981" refString="Emery, C. (1906) Studi sulle formiche della fauna Neotropica. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 37, 107 - 194." type="journal article" year="1906">Emery (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that
|
||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF76A4A2FC09FCC5FBD56851" box="[955,1042,835,861]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
queens from the Spinola collection had a streaked (= striate) basal segment (= first gastral tergum) and that this character did not coincide with the description for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF76A4A2FEDFFC0DFE0368A9" box="[365,452,907,933]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
worker. Therefore, Emery reidentified the sexuals as the new variety
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FB6BFC0DFF3168C5" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bispinosus" variety="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FB6BFC0DFAAC68A9" box="[1241,1387,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FF25FC29FF3168C5" box="[151,246,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That Emery separated the queen from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FD01FC29FC8268C5" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[691,837,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FD01FC29FC8268C5" box="[691,837,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was correct given that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FBF9FC29FB1A68C5" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1099,1245,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FBF9FC29FB1A68C5" box="[1099,1245,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
queens are ergatoid (Johnson, 2015). Consequently, determining the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FCD5FC55FB5768E1" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1906" box="[871,1168,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bispinosus" variety="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FCD5FC55FC3E68E1" box="[871,1017,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. bispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FB83FC55FB5768E1" box="[1073,1168,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
necessitated examining series that contained workers and sexuals from the type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF76A4A2FF75FB9DFBE26E3D" blockId="188.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC1F7A90FF76A4A2FF75FB9DFE676F39" author="Riso Patron, L." box="[199,416,1051,1077]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref149235" refString="Riso Patron, L. (1924) Diccionario Jeografico de Chile. Imprenta Universitaria, Santiago, Chile, 958 pp." type="book" year="1924">Riso Patron (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that there are two Tucapels in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4AC983FF76A4A2FC2CFB9DFB836F39" box="[926,1092,1051,1077]" country="Chile" name="Biobio" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Bíobío Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A09947F1FF76A4A2FBDFFB9DFB6B6F39" box="[1133,1196,1051,1077]" name="Chile" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, one near the coastal town of Concepción and one in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4AC983FF76A4A2FDB4FBB9FD056F55" box="[518,706,1087,1113]" country="Chile" name="Biobio" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Bíobío Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC1F7A90FF76A4A2FD7CFBB9FCA16F55" author="Baeza, R. S." box="[718,870,1087,1113]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" refId="ref146835" refString="Baeza, R. S. (2012) La Ruta de las Naturalistas. Tras las Huellas de Gay, Domeyko y Philippi. LarrainVial, Santiago, Chile, 269 pp." type="book" year="2012">Baeza (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave an account of travels by Gay saying that he visited Tucapel, which was near Antuco in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4AC983FF76A4A2FDC0FBE5FCEB6F71" box="[626,812,1123,1149]" country="Chile" name="Biobio" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Bíobío Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
; this Tucapel is presumed to be the type locality. Queens and males collected from colonies near Tucapel and Antuco matched the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF76A4A2FC78FB01FBF66FAD" box="[970,1073,1159,1185]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
queen and male that I examined with the exception that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF76A4A2FE65FB2DFDF96FC9" box="[471,574,1195,1221]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
queen is larger and lighter in color than the other more recently collected queens (see queen measurements above). These collections also associated workers with queens and males.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC1F7A90FF76A4A2FA8FFB49FF256E01" author="Santschi, F." pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="221 - 247" refId="ref149349" refString="Santschi, F. (1925) Nouveaux formicides bresiliens et autres. Annales et Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 65, 221 - 247." type="journal article" year="1925">Santschi (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described putative workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FD88FB75FC426E01" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1906" box="[570,901,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="brevispinosus" variety="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FD88FB75FD296E01" box="[570,750,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. brevispinosus</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FC94FB75FC426E01" box="[806,901,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but examination of these workers revealed that they were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FEBEFA91FE646E3C" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery. It" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[268,419,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semistriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FEBEFA91FE646E3C" box="[268,419,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. semistriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FDB7FA91FDB86E3D" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[517,639,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FDB7FA91FDB86E3D" box="[517,639,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see discussion under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FCCFFA91FBD36E3C" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery. It" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[893,1044,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semistriata">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FCCFFA91FBD36E3C" box="[893,1044,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. semistriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF76A4A2FF75FABDFCE36E91" blockId="188.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
It is also notable that queens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FD9AFABDFD626E59" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[552,677,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FD9AFABDFDFE6E58" box="[552,569,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FDF4FABDFD626E59" box="[582,677,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays colony level variation in regard to striae on the first gastral tergum. In two colonies, all queens had striae that extended over most of their first gastral tergum, while all queens in a third colony lacked striae on their first gastral tergum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF76A4A2FF75FA21FC4B6D5D" blockId="188.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E60D3CFF76A4A2FF75FA21FC4F6D5D" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="It & Chapin" country="Chile" county="Concepcion Province" location="The" municipality="Penco" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" specimenCode="CASENT0103404" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<location id="DD5151BAFF76A4A2FF75FA21FF346ECD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5027B677FF7DA4A2FF25FCA9FB2F6C99:DD5151BAFF76A4A2FF75FA21FF346ECD" box="[199,243,1447,1473]" country="Chile" county="Concepcion Province" municipality="Penco" name="The" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">The</location>
|
||
<specimenCount id="CE88CCE8FF76A4A2FF4BFA21FE5E6ECD" box="[249,409,1447,1473]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="worker">seven workers</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="38559D1BFF76A4A2FE6EFA21FDE46ECD" box="[476,547,1447,1473]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Penco</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="31507FEDFF76A4A2FD9FFA21FCD86ECD" box="[557,799,1447,1473]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Concepción Province</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A09947F1FF76A4A2FC98FA21FCA06ECD" box="[810,871,1447,1473]" name="Chile" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9F9FA4FF76A4A2FCC6FA21FC0E6ECD" box="[884,969,1447,1473]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
, examined) were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FAAEFA21FA526ECD" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1308,1429,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FAAEFA21FA526ECD" box="[1308,1429,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">P. spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but their ferruginous orange coloration was very light compared to the dark red to reddish-black workers collected by the author.
|
||
<collectorName id="757B62B7FF76A4A2FE84FA69FE806D05" box="[310,327,1519,1545]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">It</collectorName>
|
||
seems likely that color of these workers faded in the 60+ years since they were collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="757B62B7FF76A4A2FAF9FA69FA5B6D05" box="[1355,1436,1519,1545]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Chapin</collectorName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<specimenCode id="8828AF1AFF76A4A2FF79F995FE5D6D21" box="[203,410,1555,1581]" collectionCode="CASENT" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">CASENT0103404</specimenCode>
|
||
at http://www.antweb.org/), as also apparently occurred in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF76A4A2FBEEF995FB046D21" box="[1116,1219,1555,1581]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
queen. Regardless, workers should be recollected from this area to verify their identity
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="909454EAFF76A4A2FF75F9DCFB2F6C99" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF76A4A2FF75F9DCFA946C41" blockId="188.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FF75F9DCFEE66D78" bold="true" box="[199,289,1626,1652]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FE9DF9DDFD836D79" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[303,580,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FE9DF9DDFD836D79" box="[303,580,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Pogonomyrmex spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers are solitary foragers, but workers have also been observed to forage in loose columns of scattered foragers. Nests are placed in open, exposed sites or in a grass clump or under a stone. Nests have one or two entrances that are typically surrounded by a tumulus up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF76A4A2FBAFF924FBA66DB1" box="[1053,1121,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter; most nests also have an external chaff midden up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF76A4A2FD8FF941FD436DED" box="[573,644,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Sexuals have been collected from February 28–March 3 indicating that mating flights occur during the austral summer. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="0735B9C3FF76A4A2FC39F96DFC256C09" box="[907,994,1771,1797]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series of sexuals was collected by Gay, who said only that he observed numerous winged queens and males during a mating flight (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC1F7A90FF76A4A2FB13F889FA856C25" author="Spinola, M." box="[1185,1346,1806,1833]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="153 - 569" refId="ref149415" refString="Spinola, M. (1851) Insectos. Orden 7. Himenopteros. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Maulde & Renon, Paris, pp. 153 - 569." type="book chapter" year="1851">Spinola, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but he did not indicate a date. Partial nest excavations indicated that colonies probably contain up to 1000 workers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8310761FF76A4A2FF75F8D1FB2F6C99" blockId="188.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8E7CE2FF76A4A2FF75F8D1FE186C7D" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[199,479,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinolae">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FF75F8D1FE186C7D" box="[199,479,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Pogonomyrmex spinolae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits sites at elevations from
|
||
<quantity id="1F76AA84FF76A4A2FCEDF8D1FC366C7D" box="[863,1009,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.005" metricValueMax="1.69" metricValueMin="0.32" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="1005.0" valueMax="1690.0" valueMin="320.0">320–1690 m</quantity>
|
||
. This species occurs in the Valdivian temperate forests and Chilean matorral ecoregions, as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC1F7A90FF76A4A2FCC7F8FDFB8E6C99" author="Olson, D. M. & Dinerstein, E. & Wikramanayake, E. D. & Burgess, N. D. & Powell, G. V. N. & Underwood, E. C. & D'Amico, J. A. & Itoua, I. & Strand, H. E. & Morrison, J. C. & Loucks, C. J. & Allnutt, T. F. & Ricketts, T. H. & Kura, Y. & Lamoreux, J. F. & Wettengel, W. W. & Hedao, P. & Kassem, K. R." box="[885,1097,1915,1941]" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="933 - 938" refId="ref148173" refString="Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P. & Kassem, K. R. (2001) Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience, 51 (11), 933 - 938. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / 0006 - 3568 (2001) 051 [0933: TEOTWA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Olson
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFADB73FF76A4A2FC0DF8FDFC376C99" box="[959,1008,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="40B51BE4FF76A4A2FBE5F8FDFB1B6C99" box="[1111,1244,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="180.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[417,1163,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-19@180.[417,1169,181,1912]" captionTargetPageId="180" captionText="FIGURE 90. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex semistriata, (B) P. spinolae, and (C) P. strioligaster. The large black circle in each panel denotes the type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5499347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5499347/files/figure.png" pageId="188" pageNumber="189">Figure 90B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |