269 lines
24 KiB
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269 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ENCODING="UTF8" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041" ID-PMC="PMC3689140" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-22-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" ID-PubMed="23794937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576167" ModsDocID="1314-2003-22-1" checkinTime="1451251931319" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2013" docId="2441B2E70BFB5D0C83F5C6D97719C9C4" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 22: 1-428" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 22" docPubDate="2013-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041" docTitle="Solanum coalitum S. Knapp 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="432" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1668140799926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-05-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>432</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-22-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576167</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229103" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2441B2E70BFB5D0C83F5C6D97719C9C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2441B2E70BFB5D0C83F5C6D97719C9C4" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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10.
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<taxonomicName LSID="2441B2E7-0BFB-5D0C-83F5-C6D97719C9C4" authority="S. Knapp" authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="2007" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum coalitum" order="Solanales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coalitum">
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Solanum coalitum
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<bibCitation author="S. Knapp" journal="Novon" page="212" score="4.864797368871433" volume="17" year="2007">
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S. Knapp,
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<bibCitation journal="Novon" page="212" score="4.864797368871433" volume="17" year="2007">Novon 17: 212. 2007</bibCitation>
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</bibCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Solanum coalitum S. Knapp. (A, B drawn from Jorgensen 2188 C D drawn from G. Lewis photographs of Lewis 3179). Illustration by Bobbi Angell." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10282" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 26</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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Ecuador. Loja: Yangana-Valladolid, km 1.1, track to Sierra Toledo, km 18.5, 3250 m, c.
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.383333">4°23'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.1">79°06'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 14 Nov 1997,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">G. Lewis & B. Klitgaard 3719</emphasis>
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(holotype: LOJA; isotypes: AAU, BM [BM000846493], K [K000585495], NY [NY00888405], QCA, QCNE [QCNE-740]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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Subshrubs to 1 m tall, sometimes scandent and trailing. Stems glabrous and shining, usually appearing warty from the prominent leaf scars; young stems and leaves completely glabrous or sometimes with a few scattered loose white branched trichomes to 0.5 mm long. Bark of older stems dark brown, shining. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, 2.5-10.4 cm long, 0.7-3.5 cm wide, narrowly elliptic to less commonly elliptic, the upper surfaces glabrous and shiny, sometimes with scattered branched trichomes at the edge where the margin is revolute, the lower surfaces glabrous
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<pageBreakToken pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
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sparsely papillate, the papillae drying reddish brown, perhaps glandular; primary veins 5-10 pairs, drying darker than the lamina; base acute to attenuate; margins strongly revolute, pubescent on the upper surfaces where turned under; apex acute; petiole 0.3-1.6 cm long, glabrous and shiny. Inflorescences terminal, 2.5-6 (-10) cm long, branched 4-6 times, with 3-15(-20) flowers, glabrous and shining, or with scattered loosely branched trichomes along the axes; peduncle 2-5.5 cm long; pedicels in flower 0.8-1.3 cm long, stoutish, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 2 mm in diameter at the apex, nodding,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="79" pageNumber="80" start="start">glabrous</pageBreakToken>
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, minutely papillate or sparsely pubescent with loosely branched white trichomes ca. 0.3 mm long, articulated at the base and inserted in a short sleeve ca. 1 mm long; pedicel scars closely spaced and clustered at inflorescence branch tips. Buds globose when very young, soon elliptic and strongly exerted from the calyx tube. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube 2.5-4 mm long, cup-shaped, strongly constricted at the base, thick and coriaceous, glabrous or with a few branched trichomes like those of the inflorescence axis, the lobes 1-1.5 mm long, broadly deltate or minute, glabrous, with the margins glabrous or densely pubescent with branched trichomes ca. 0.3 mm long. Corolla 2-2.6 cm in diameter, violet to dark mauve-purple, lobed 3/4 of the way to the base, stellate, the lobes 0.9-1.3 mm long, 0.5-0.8 cm wide, slightly campanulate or planar at anthesis, densely pubescent with simple or dendritic trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long on the margins and tips, sometimes with scattered simple trichomes on the abaxial lobe surface, these denser on the petal midvein, the adaxial surface glabrous. Filament tube less than 0.5 mm long; free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 5-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, loosely connivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 1-1.2 cm long, straight, glabrous; stigma clavate or 2-lobed, bright green (fide
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Lewis & Klitgaard 3719</emphasis>
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), the surface minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter, shiny and black when mature, the pericarp thin; fruiting pedicels 2-2.2 cm long, 2-2.5 mm in diameter at the base, 2-3 mm in diameter at the apex, erect, thick and woody. Seeds ca. 10 per berry, 4-5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, flattened reniform, reddish brown, the margins not enlarged, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells sinuate in outline. Chromosome number unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10282" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figure 26.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coalitum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum coalitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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S. Knapp. (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">A, B</emphasis>
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drawn from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Jorgensen 2188</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">C</emphasis>
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D drawn from G. Lewis photographs of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Lewis 3179</emphasis>
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). Illustration by Bobbi Angell.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Distribution of Solanum coalitum S. Knapp." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10283" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figure 27</figureCitation>
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). Endemic to Ecuador, only known from the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
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of Cerro Toledo S of Loja along the road leading to the Peruvian border, on ridges between the towns of Yangana and Valladolid, at 3150-3460 m in southwestern corner of Parque Nacional Podocarpus.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10283" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figure 27.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coalitum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum coalitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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S.Knapp.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramos">Paramos</normalizedToken>
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and forest edges.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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Critically Endangered (CR); EOO <100 km2 (CR) and AOO <10 km2 (LC). See
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<bibRefCitation author="Moat, J" journalOrPublisher="Pesquisas, Botanica" pageId="322" pageNumber="323" refId="B116" refString="Moat, J, 2007. Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3.x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/cats." title="Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3. x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http: // www. rbgkew. org. uk / cats" year="2007">Moat (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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for explanation of measurements.
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<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="212 - 216" publicationUrl="10.3417/1055-3177(2007)17[212:SCSANE]2.0.CO;2" refId="B75" refString="Knapp, S, 2007c. Solanum coalitum (Solanaceae), a new endemic species from southern Ecuador. Novon 17: 212 - 216, 10.3417/1055-3177(2007)17[212:SCSANE]2.0.CO;2" title="Solanum coalitum (Solanaceae), a new endemic species from southern Ecuador." url="10.3417/1055-3177(2007)17[212:SCSANE]2.0.CO;2" volume="17" year="2007 c">Knapp (2007c)</bibRefCitation>
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gave a preliminary conservation status of EN (endangered) or critically endangered for this species. The fact that
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coalitum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum coalitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs only within the boundaries of the Parque Nacional Podocarpus is good news for its ultimate protection and conservation, but its very restricted distribution in an isolated habitat means it certainly is of concern.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coalitum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum coalitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a striking species with its large, fleshy bright purple flowers and black fruits. Some specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coalitum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum coalitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been identified as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenophyllum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum stenophyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with which it is very similar.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coalitum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum coalitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenophyllum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum stenophyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its subshrubby, sometimes trailing habit, its glabrous stems and leaves (except for the peculiar marginal trichome band), its cup-shaped (rather than conical) calyx and its slightly larger flowers that are glabrous abaxially. Trichomes of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coalitum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum coalitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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when they occur are looser and more openly dendritic than the almost echinoid trichomes that are distinctly yellowish of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenophyllum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum stenophyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The fruiting pedicels of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenophyllum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum stenophyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appear to be nodding when fruit are mature, while those of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coalitum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum coalitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are erect. Specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenophyllum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Solanum stenophyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been collected from the province of Loja (i.e.,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jørgensen">Jorgensen</normalizedToken>
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et al. 477, 1068
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</emphasis>
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<pageBreakToken pageId="80" pageNumber="81" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
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BM) from further north and at slightly lower (2600-3000 m) elevations than
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coalitum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Solanum coalitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and in drier and/or degraded forests.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenophyllum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Solanum stenophyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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grows as a shrub or small treelet, usually in disturbed situations. Some individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenophyllum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Solanum stenophyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in southern Ecuador are very sparsely pubescent, but the conical calyx and yellowish closely branched trichomes serve to distinguish these plants.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coalitum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Solanum coalitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from the very similar
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbaburense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Solanum imbaburense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its broadly deltate, rather than long triangular calyx lobes, and its leaves with sparsely papillate undersides.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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The sole locality in which
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coalitum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Solanum coalitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been encountered is the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
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of Cerro Toledo in the extreme southwestern corner of Parque Nacional Podocarpus, one of the largest protected areas in Ecuador. Cerro Toledo is a mixed
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<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
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of tussock grasses and shrubby vegetation on the divide of the Cordillera de Sabanillas; the area is a pathway used by local people to take cattle from one drainage to another, and as such has a medium level of disturbance (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hofstede, R" journalOrPublisher="Ecotropicos" pageId="319" pageNumber="320" pagination="3 - 18" refId="B60" refString="Hofstede, R, Coppus, R, Mena, Vasconez P, Segarra, P, Wolf, J, Sevink, J, 2002. El estado de conservacion de los paramos de pajonal en el Ecuador. Ecotropicos 15: 3 - 18" title="El estado de conservacion de los paramos de pajonal en el Ecuador." volume="15" year="2002">Hofstede et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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). Roads constructed by the military to allow access to radio towers have opened the area to others.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hofstede, R" journalOrPublisher="Ecotropicos" pageId="319" pageNumber="320" pagination="3 - 18" refId="B60" refString="Hofstede, R, Coppus, R, Mena, Vasconez P, Segarra, P, Wolf, J, Sevink, J, 2002. El estado de conservacion de los paramos de pajonal en el Ecuador. Ecotropicos 15: 3 - 18" title="El estado de conservacion de los paramos de pajonal en el Ecuador." volume="15" year="2002">Hofstede et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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suggest that the inhospitable nature of the climate in the region (wet, cold and windy) will limit human incursion on a large scale. Cerro Toledo is isolated from other
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<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
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regions of southern Ecuador, and represents one of the southernmost extensions of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
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habitat in the Andes (
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<bibRefCitation author="Luteyn, JL" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="321" pageNumber="322" pagination="1 - 278" refId="B100" refString="Luteyn, JL, 1999. Paramos: a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution and botanical literature. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 84: 1 - 278" title="Paramos: a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution and botanical literature." volume="84" year="1999">Luteyn 1999</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="81" pageNumber="82" start="start">Specimens</pageBreakToken>
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examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ecuador</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Loja</emphasis>
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: Yangana, Cerro Toledo, ascending road from Yangana to Numbala toward the antennas. Area next to antennas at summit of cerro, 3400 m, 27 Mar 2005,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Bohs et al. 3320</emphasis>
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(BM, LOJA, QCNE); carretera Yangana-Toledo, 3420 m, 28 Dec 1988,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Jaramillo 10606</emphasis>
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|
(AAU); road from Yangana to Cerro Toledo, km 18-22 to antennas, 3460 m, 3 Nov 2000,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jørgensen">Jorgensen</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2188
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</emphasis>
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(BM, NY); Yangana-Cerro Toledo,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
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of Cerro Toledo, 3420 m, 28 Dec 1988,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jørgensen">Jorgensen</normalizedToken>
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|
et al
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</emphasis>
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|
. (AAU, BM); Cerro Toledo, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 3350 m, 1 Dec 1988,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Madsen et al. 75641</emphasis>
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(BM); Cerro Toledo, 2500 m, 30 Oct 1989,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Madsen 86333</emphasis>
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(BM); Cerro Toledo, E of Yangana, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 3400 m, 26 Feb 1985,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Øllgaard">Ollgaard</normalizedToken>
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et al. 58162
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</emphasis>
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(BM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |