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<document id="DC09E686F95ED159E26566B524B3F5E2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5490.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13211621" ID-ZooBank="E939D165-05C8-4557-BF13-751B26188C39" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722790802052" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Liu, Yingqi &amp; Cai, Wanzhi" docDate="2024" docId="0A0987BAFFFDFFE4D69CF901B5FAD97C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5490.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5490 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5490.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="F630FFC2FFF6FFF4D60BFFC7B73CDF09" masterDocTitle="Revision of Australian Brachysandalus with the description of nine new species including one cavernicolous species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), and observations on male extragenital structure and leg teratology" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1722792384556" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="393D69CE958DFE754BEC8F0995118BE1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="16A2BCFA4D03663E17444F7099579B45">
<mods:title id="7D51DF96CDA6769B20685F9B1AC7F548">Revision of Australian Brachysandalus with the description of nine new species including one cavernicolous species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), and observations on male extragenital structure and leg teratology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="01D373C707A0AF618CD9D8D2B16480F9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5421A6040550B384DC26A86486A153EA">
<mods:roleTerm id="CBF57DF541755D0112877C6B745D9B0B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A7F680B71171B0CB4B332BC0325C8A97">Liu, Yingqi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="369BA7DCD3D73D17446F291AE257CD21" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3088-1035</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="67C9F3E1B58C81E20377C8A851461322">Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia malipatil @ bigpond. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3088 - 1035 &amp; Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China yingqiliu 0720 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0881 - 9670 caiwz @ cau. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8620 - 0446 * Corresponding authors</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="56904BEF0A39809182C7FEB4D28575A2" type="email">malipatil@bigpond.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3285F02B66D974F67969C512AFFC57D4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="909D7EEAE7960725AE378465C86554B8">
<mods:roleTerm id="938C70804C47FAE9F653B58D1B4D8F33">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8C09F888E1447EB4F2346EBBB08F6C1A">Cai, Wanzhi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A97C6EDA7C5DC163D90EB7057F38571F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3088-1035</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="13EBBD973029633E266B4A6DB630B4B5">Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia malipatil @ bigpond. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3088 - 1035 &amp; Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China yingqiliu 0720 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0881 - 9670 caiwz @ cau. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8620 - 0446 * Corresponding authors &amp; Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia malipatil @ bigpond. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3088 - 1035</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5041D4F1BA02ABF0CA4CEFC50F188C3D" type="email">malipatil@bigpond.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="2033D09619552C759020A0D5A222C725">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0D951E21F45D21445685AF89DDDAC572">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="DAB29751CADA2E5CEDB0E9052AD588F7">
<mods:date id="EA9C655D3C37B9E7CFBF03C4E59B2035">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E05B71C3A9B5EE233522EE1FCB5C3AAC">2024-08-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="FD8E5E7A99D145A8FB930BCBC02A141B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="3C3F07160C7395B8B1B28CC16786B85B">5490</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A6CFD9C62C289B6081CF85294B7D8E5C">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5490.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="8469B3811F9F91AE45822EEF9911886C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A9AA9F032E7AE2F2DDBA17C164AFF010" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5490.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0A0987BAFFFDFFE4D69CF901B5FAD97C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A0987BAFFFDFFE4D69CF901B5FAD97C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A0987BAFFFDFFE4D69CF901B5FAD97C" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFFDFFFFD69CF901B421D9E8" box="[151,797,1734,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFFDFFFFD69CF901B421D9E8" blockId="11.[151,797,1734,1797]" box="[151,797,1734,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D95781C0FFFDFFFFD69CF901B421D9E8" bold="true" box="[151,797,1734,1761]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFFDFFFFD69CF901B421D9E8" bold="true" box="[151,797,1734,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFFDFFFFD69CF901B58FD9E9" authority="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityName="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,691,1734,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayyammae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFFDFFFFD69CF901B6DFD9E8" bold="true" box="[151,483,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brachysandalus ayyammae</emphasis>
Malipatil &amp; Liu
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABE757C5FFFDFFFFD4CBF900B421D9E8" box="[704,797,1735,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFFDFFFFD69CF92CB62ED80C" box="[151,274,1770,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFFDFFFFD69CF92CB62ED80C" blockId="11.[151,797,1734,1797]" box="[151,274,1770,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFFDFFFFD694F92CB635D80C" box="[159,265,1770,1797]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,250,1932,1956]" captionStartId-2="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1414,192,1909]" captionTargetBox-1="[173,1419,192,1894]" captionTargetBox-2="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId-0="figure-28@12.[165,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@13.[151,1436,181,1908]" captionTargetId-2="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., paratype, brachypterous female, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211629" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211633" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13211629/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13211633/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 3–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFFDFFFFD69CF8EBB4BBD8DF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFFDFFFFD69CF8EBB4BBD8DF" blockId="11.[151,1437,1836,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFFDFFFFD69CF8EBB66BD84F" bold="true" box="[151,343,1836,1862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="32C83CF1FFFDFFFFD750F8EBB333D863" collectingDate="1999-10-12" collectingDateMax="1999-10-18" collectingDateMin="1999-10-12" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="W Taleeban &amp; T, D. Driscoll" latitude="-33.55" location="Australia" longLatPrecision="723" longitude="146.27" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5D1B880EFFFDFFFFD750F8EBB6FFD84F" box="[347,451,1836,1862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
macropterous male,
<location id="877F6077FFFDFFFFD4ADF8EBB42CD84F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A0987BAFFFDFFE4D69CF901B5FAD97C:877F6077FFFDFFFFD4ADF8EBB42CD84F" box="[678,784,1836,1862]" latitude="-33.55" longLatPrecision="723" longitude="146.27" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" stateProvince="New South Wales">Australia</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="4064F84EFFFDFFFFD513F8EAB4E2D84F" box="[792,990,1836,1863]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E794506BFFFDFFFFD5EDF8EBB309D84E" box="[998,1077,1836,1863]" degrees="33.55" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="-33.55">33.55S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E794506BFFFDFFFFD232F8EBB3A6D84F" box="[1081,1178,1836,1862]" degrees="146.27" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="146.27">146.27E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="45589B49FFFDFFFFD2A8F8EBB3E6D84F" box="[1187,1242,1836,1863]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
S by
<collectorName id="2F55537AFFFDFFFFD318F8EAB2A5D84F" box="[1299,1433,1836,1863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">W Taleeban</collectorName>
,
<date id="F61E106CFFFDFFFFD69CF897B605D863" box="[151,313,1872,1898]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-10-12" valueMax="1999-10-18" valueMin="1999-10-12">
<collectingDate id="E65AE984FFFDFFFFD69CF897B605D863" box="[151,313,1872,1898]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-10-12" valueMax="1999-10-18" valueMin="1999-10-12">12–18. x.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
, 2
<collectorName id="2F55537AFFFDFFFFD75BF897B6DAD863" box="[336,486,1872,1899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T, D. Driscoll</collectorName>
<collectingMethod id="5BE14EBBFFFDFFFFD7E7F897B501D863" box="[492,573,1872,1898]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pitfalls</collectingMethod>
, reserve plus spinifex, ‘2T1 (1.8)’ (
<collectionCode id="E4B1AE69FFFDFFFFD5B7F897B33BD863" box="[956,1031,1872,1898]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ANIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="32C83CF1FFFDFFFFD21CF896B267D8BB" collectingDate="1999-11-12" collectingDateMax="1999-11-19" collectingDateMin="1999-11-12" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="S Taleeban &amp; T, D. Driscoll &amp; N Gubbata" latitude="-33.53" location="NEW SOUTH WALES" longLatPrecision="723" longitude="146.25" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="5D1B880EFFFDFFFFD21CF896B3B4D862" box="[1047,1160,1873,1899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingRegion id="4064F84EFFFDFFFFD29AF896B2A5D863" box="[1169,1433,1872,1899]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">NEW SOUTH WALES</collectingRegion>
. 1 brachypterous female,
<geoCoordinate id="E794506BFFFDFFFFD7A7F8B3B6C7D886" box="[428,507,1908,1935]" degrees="33.53" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="-33.53">33.53S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E794506BFFFDFFFFD409F8B3B55FD886" box="[514,611,1908,1935]" degrees="146.25" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="146.25">146.25E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="45589B49FFFDFFFFD465F8B3B59BD887" box="[622,679,1908,1934]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
W by
<collectorName id="2F55537AFFFDFFFFD4F9F8B3B44CD887" box="[754,880,1908,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S Taleeban</collectorName>
,
<date id="F61E106CFFFDFFFFD570F8B3B31CD887" box="[891,1056,1908,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-11-12" valueMax="1999-11-19" valueMin="1999-11-12">
<collectingDate id="E65AE984FFFDFFFFD570F8B3B31CD887" box="[891,1056,1908,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-11-12" valueMax="1999-11-19" valueMin="1999-11-12">12–19.xi.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
, 9
<collectorName id="2F55537AFFFDFFFFD233F8B3B3EED887" box="[1080,1234,1908,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T, D. Driscoll</collectorName>
<collectingMethod id="5BE14EBBFFFDFFFFD2D1F8B3B217D887" box="[1242,1323,1908,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pitfalls</collectingMethod>
, ungrazed roadside spinifex, ‘T9,
<date id="F61E106CFFFDFFFFD794F85FB52AD8BB" box="[415,534,1944,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-11-13">
<collectingDate id="E65AE984FFFDFFFFD794F85FB52AD8BB" box="[415,534,1944,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-11-13">13.xi.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
1.8’ (
<collectionCode id="E4B1AE69FFFDFFFFD452F85FB598D8BB" box="[601,676,1944,1970]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ANIC</collectionCode>
); 1 macropterous male (dissected),
<quantity id="45589B49FFFDFFFFD23EF85FB3B8D8BB" box="[1077,1156,1944,1971]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="7.5">7.5 km</quantity>
NE by
<collectorName id="2F55537AFFFDFFFFD2D6F85EB267D8BB" box="[1245,1371,1944,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">N Gubbata</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="32C83CF1FFFDFFFFD36CF85EB4BFD8DF" collectingDate="1999-11-12" collectingDateMax="1999-11-19" collectingDateMin="1999-11-12" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="G, D. Driscoll" location="New South Wales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="4064F84EFFFDFFFFD36CF85EB61AD8DF" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="F61E106CFFFDFFFFD73AF87BB6E9D8DF" box="[305,469,1980,2006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-11-12" valueMax="1999-11-19" valueMin="1999-11-12">
<collectingDate id="E65AE984FFFDFFFFD73AF87BB6E9D8DF" box="[305,469,1980,2006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1999-11-12" valueMax="1999-11-19" valueMin="1999-11-12">12–19.xi.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
, 3
<collectorName id="2F55537AFFFDFFFFD7E5F87BB5B1D8DF" box="[494,653,1980,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G, D. Driscoll</collectorName>
<collectingMethod id="5BE14EBBFFFDFFFFD49FF87BB5D9D8DF" box="[660,741,1980,2006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pitfalls</collectingMethod>
, strip (
<collectionCode id="E4B1AE69FFFDFFFFD53AF87BB440D8DF" box="[817,892,1980,2006]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ANIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D6DF6624FFFAFFF8D69CF850B608D8FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211629" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13211629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211629/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[181,1414,192,1909]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFFAFFF8D69CF850B608D8FE" blockId="12.[151,1437,1943,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFFAFFF8D69CF850B629D8A6" bold="true" box="[151,277,1943,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFFAFFF8D716F850B5DFD8A6" authority="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityName="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[285,739,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayyammae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFFAFFF8D716F850B508D8A6" box="[285,564,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brachysandalus ayyammae</emphasis>
Malipatil &amp; Liu
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFFAFFF8D4E5F850B47DD8A6" bold="true" box="[750,833,1943,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABE757C5FFFAFFF8D4E5F850B47DD8A6" box="[750,833,1943,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D6DF6624FFFBFFF9D69CF84BB5A0D8C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211633" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13211633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211633/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,250,1932,1956]" targetBox="[173,1419,192,1894]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFFBFFF9D69CF84BB5A0D8C1" blockId="13.[151,1437,1932,1993]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFFBFFF9D69CF84BB62FD8AC" bold="true" box="[151,275,1932,1957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFFBFFF9D711F84AB5E6D8AC" authority="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityName="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[282,730,1933,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayyammae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFFBFFF9D711F84AB50CD8AD" box="[282,560,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Brachysandalus ayyammae</emphasis>
Malipatil &amp; Liu
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFFBFFF9D4EFF84AB409D8AC" bold="true" box="[740,821,1933,1957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABE757C5FFFBFFF9D4EFF84AB409D8AC" box="[740,821,1933,1957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, paratype, brachypterous female, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Scale bar = 2.00 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D6DF6624FFF8FFFAD69CF939B396D88A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" targetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFF8FFFAD69CF939B396D88A" blockId="14.[151,1437,1790,1923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF8FFFAD69CF939B628D81E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1790,1815]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFF8FFFAD710F939B5E1D81F" authority="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityName="Malipatil &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[283,733,1790,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayyammae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF8FFFAD710F939B50DD81F" box="[283,561,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brachysandalus ayyammae</emphasis>
Malipatil &amp; Liu
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF8FFFAD4E3F938B405D81E" bold="true" box="[744,825,1791,1815]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABE757C5FFF8FFFAD4E3F938B405D81E" box="[744,825,1791,1815]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFF9FFFBD6CCFF51B50DDDC4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFF9FFFBD6CCFF51B67EDFB9" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,322,150,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF9FFFBD6CCFF51B67EDFB9" bold="true" box="[199,322,150,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFF9FFFBD6CCFF7CB50DDDC4" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Macropterous male and brachypterous female known, body small sized. Black, shiny, pronotum, scutellum and legs with slight metallic blue lustre (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD463FF18B58BDFF0" box="[616,695,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,192,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[165,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD4CDFF18B5EBDFF0" box="[710,727,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,192,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1436,181,1908]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., paratype, brachypterous female, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211633/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4</figureCitation>
); macropterous male with abdominal sternum mostly orangish brown with pygophore and adjoining areas of sternum VII black, hemelytron with apical 1/3 of clavus and adjoining narrow area of corium between veins PCu+1A and Cu yellow (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD547FEE0B4B3DE48" box="[844,911,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,192,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[165,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); brachypterous female with abdomen blackish brown with connexiva dorsally and ventrally appear banded with orangish red and blackish brown areas, disc of abdominal venter also with orangish red intersegmental patches, hemelytral flaps generally brown with a pale-yellow speck on corresponding claval area (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD480FE54B5EEDEA4" box="[651,722,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,192,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1436,181,1908]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., paratype, brachypterous female, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211633/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Fore femur armed below with inner and outer rows of sparse minute tubercles separated by a shallow furrow, in addition sparsely pilose laterally and above, mid femur armed below with rows of minute tubercles (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD441FE1CB592DEFC" box="[586,686,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,192,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[165,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD4B7FE1CB5DCDEFC" box="[700,736,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,192,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1436,181,1908]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., paratype, brachypterous female, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211633/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4B</figureCitation>
); fore tibia with fossula spongiosa occupying about 1/3 tibial length, mid tibia with fossula spongiosa only about 1/3 its length (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD57CFE38B33DDD10" box="[887,1025,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,192,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[165,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 3B&amp;C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD207FE38B365DD10" box="[1036,1113,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,192,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1436,181,1908]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., paratype, brachypterous female, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211633/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4B&amp;C</figureCitation>
); in male, abdominal sternite VII with a small narrow spine-like extragenital structure originating from cuticle close to posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD36FFDE4B786DD68" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,192,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[165,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD6CCFD81B7CCDD68" box="[199,240,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1494,1518]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-19@105.[151,1436,181,1470]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 56. Illustrations of extragenital process of Australian Brachysandalus species. A, B. sepulchralis (Distant, 1902); B, B. howarthi Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; C, B. alutaceus (Reuter, 1881); D, B. helluo Stål, 1866; E, B. ephippiger (White, 1843); F, B. punctorius Stål, 1866; G, B. flavidus Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; H, B. crassifemur (Reuter, 1881); I, B. maculatus Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; J. B. ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; K, B. fulvipes Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; L, B. gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; M–P, B. westraliensis Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211797/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">56J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD6F7FD81B61BDD68" box="[252,295,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,468,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-162@106.[151,1436,453,1558]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 57. Mating in peiratine species.A, mating specimens of Fusiusdistinctus Miller, 1957; B,mating specimens of Tydides imitator Lent, 1955; C. precopulatory behaviour of Peirates turpis Walker, 1873; D, mating position of Peirates turpis Walker, 1873." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211799/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">57J</figureCitation>
); male genitalia with median process long, thin and straight, tapered to pointed apex, oblique to right side, venter strongly ridged in caudal view (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD477FDACB5EEDD8C" box="[636,722,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
), broadly spatulate, widest predistad while apex pointed, base of blade bent and distinctly narrowed to neck-like in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD558FD48B496DDA0" box="[851,938,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
); inner margin of lateral phallothecal sclerite almost straight and smooth (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD7DEFD74B51FDDC4" box="[469,547,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFF9FFE4D6CCFD11B3A7DA38" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFF9FFFBD6CCFD11B665DDF9" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,345,726,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF9FFFBD6CCFD11B665DDF9" bold="true" box="[199,345,726,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFF9FFFBD6CCFD3CB537DC1D" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,523,762,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF9FFFBD6CCFD3CB68DDC1C" bold="true" box="[199,433,763,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Macropterous male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD7CBFD3CB53EDC1C" box="[448,514,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,192,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[165,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF9FFFBD409FD3DB537DC1D" bold="true" box="[514,523,762,788]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFF9FFFBD6CCFCD8B447DCAC" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF9FFFBD6CCFCD8B66CDC30" box="[199,336,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colouration</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD769FCD8B696DC30" box="[354,426,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,192,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[165,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
): Black, shiny. Pronotum, scutellum and legs with slight metallic blue lustre; legs with extreme bases of tibia, parts of tarsi yellowish brown; abdominal sternum mostly orangish brown with pygophore and adjoining areas of sternum VII black; hemelytron with apical 1/3 of clavus and adjoining narrow area of corium between veins PCu+1A and Cu yellow, membrane greyish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFF9FFFBD6CCFC68B633DB18" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF9FFFBD6CCFC68B612DCC0" box="[199,302,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Structure</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD736FC68B6B6DCC0" box="[317,394,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,192,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[165,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD79DFC69B69ADCC0" box="[406,422,942,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5</figureCitation>
): Body small sized, densely covered with yellowish white pilosity along with longer darker bristly setae; lateral margins of head, lateral margins of pronotum, and legs with brown to blackish brown, suberect, long setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFF9FFFBD6CCFBDCB2AEDA38" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF9FFFBD6CCFBDCB638DB3C" box="[199,260,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Head</emphasis>
: elongate fusiform, wholly covered with short whitish pilosity and sparse longer bristly setae, prominent on mandibular plates, dorsal aspect of head and between eyes, and on dorsal aspect of first labial segment.Anteocular region elongate triangular, clypeus near its base slightly elevated and knobbed above mandibular plates. Interocular region with arcuate convex sulcus at posterior border of eyes, a small pit near base. Postocular region almost rounded to neck. Neck with lateral tubercles slightly obvious. Antennae with all segments cylindrical, with whitish suberect setae and sparse longer brown setae. Scape thickest, pedicel thinner, then basi-and distiflagellum thinnest. Eyes large, reniform, not reaching ventral margin in lateral view. Ocelli moderately developed, conspicuously raised, separated from each other by about 1.5X diameter of single ocellus, separated from eye by about similar distance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFF9FFFBD6CCFAFCB6D1D990" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF9FFFBD6CCFAFCB624DA5C" box="[199,280,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thorax</emphasis>
: Pronotum generally shiny.Anterior lobe of pronotum with integument smooth, sulci or stripes indistinct, except shallow median longitudinal sulcus in basal half. Posterior pronotal lobe arcuately quadrate, integument finely rugulose, with short pilosity, humeri rounded, posterior margin almost smoothly rounded, posterior angles not developed. Scutellum triangular, disc conspicuously depressed and granulate, sides carinate, integument pilose, scutellar process short, posteriorly directed with apex strongly pointed. Propleuron with integument finely faintly granulate, smoothly pilose, set off from dorsal surface by an indistinct carina. Mesopleuron integument minutely granulate, sparsely pilose. Metapleuron with integument more distinctly granulate but granules not striate, metapleural sulcus distinctly bicarinate and curved, pilose with silvery dense hairs posteriorly. All sternites smooth, moderately pilose. Mesosternum with disc raised, metasternum with disc tumid and with bristly setae. Hemelytra distinctly exceeding abdomen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFF9FFFBD6CCF964B3E1D89C" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF9FFFBD6CCF964B7C0D9B5" box="[199,252,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Legs</emphasis>
: Generally shiny. Fore leg with coxa with whitish pilosity; trochanter unarmed, sparsely hairy; femur strongly fusiform, greatly incrassate near base narrowing distally, much thicker than other femora, armed below with inner and outer rows of sparse minute tubercles separated by a shallow furrow, in addition sparsely pilose laterally and above; tibia cylindrical, more or less straight but apex slightly reflexed, fossula spongiosa occupying about 1/3 tibial length. Mid leg with coxa globular, femur only slightly thickened, armed below with rows of minute tubercles, tibia with short whitish pilosity for whole length, with fossula spongiosa only about 1/3 its length, brush of setae, denser at apex. Hind leg with femur cylindrical, tibia with brush of setae, denser at apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFF9FFE4D6CCF858B7D5DE14" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,150,1653]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFF9FFFBD6CCF858B60DD8B0" box="[199,305,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Dorsally elongate oval, sternum carinate in midline and curved to right side of body, shiny, smooth with sparse longer hairs in addition to pilosity (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFF9FFFBD4B3F804B42DD8D4" box="[696,785,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,192,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[165,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
), sternite VII with a small narrow spine-like extragenital structure originating from cuticle close to posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D535FF50B49DDFB8" box="[830,929,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,192,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[165,1423,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., holotype, macropterous male, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Red arrow indicates median carina on abdomen, blue arrow indicates extragenital process. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211629/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D5A6FF51B4EBDFB8" box="[941,983,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1494,1518]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-19@105.[151,1436,181,1470]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 56. Illustrations of extragenital process of Australian Brachysandalus species. A, B. sepulchralis (Distant, 1902); B, B. howarthi Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; C, B. alutaceus (Reuter, 1881); D, B. helluo Stål, 1866; E, B. ephippiger (White, 1843); F, B. punctorius Stål, 1866; G, B. flavidus Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; H, B. crassifemur (Reuter, 1881); I, B. maculatus Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; J. B. ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; K, B. fulvipes Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; L, B. gunbalanyae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov.; M–P, B. westraliensis Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211797/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">56J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D5E8FF51B332DFB8" box="[995,1038,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,468,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-162@106.[151,1436,453,1558]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 57. Mating in peiratine species.A, mating specimens of Fusiusdistinctus Miller, 1957; B,mating specimens of Tydides imitator Lent, 1955; C. precopulatory behaviour of Peirates turpis Walker, 1873; D, mating position of Peirates turpis Walker, 1873." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211799/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">57J</figureCitation>
). Connexivum with golden pilosity as elsewhere on sternum. Spiracles situated below connexival suture, about halfway between anterior and posterior margin of each segment. Each spiracle postero-ventrally with impressed spot-like area on cuticle but not obviously visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFE6FFE4D6CCFEE0B530DD68" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFE6FFE4D6CCFEE0B651DE48" box="[199,365,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D777FEE0B6FEDE48" box="[380,450,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
): Median process long, thin and straight, tapered to pointed apex, oblique to right side, venter strongly ridged in caudal view (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D44DFE8CB5A2DE6C" box="[582,670,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
); broadly spatulate, widest predistad and apex pointed, base of blade bent and distinctly narrowed to neck-like in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D516FEA8B44ADE80" box="[797,886,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Parameres broad and subtriangular, moderately curved in middle (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D76DFE54B6D4DEA4" box="[358,488,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5D&amp;E</figureCitation>
), left paramere (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D4AAFE54B5C5DEA4" box="[673,761,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
) slightly longer than right paramere (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D2ABFE54B3C4DEA4" box="[1184,1272,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Phallus (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D364FE54B7F1DED8" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5F–I</figureCitation>
) in resting condition with basal plate subequal to length of basal plate bridge (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D253FE70B392DED8" box="[1112,1198,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
), pedicel curved and subequal to length of basal plate (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D41BFE1CB5B5DEFC" box="[528,649,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5H&amp;I</figureCitation>
); length of struts distinctly longer than half length of phallosoma (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D364FE1CB784DD10" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
); apex of dorsal phallothecal sclerite bluntly rounded (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D53BFE38B4B4DD10" box="[816,904,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
); lateral phallothecal sclerite subquadrangular, inner margin almost straight and smooth (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D48FFDE4B5EBDD34" box="[644,727,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
); pair of slender sclerites near base of venter of phallosoma moderately sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D7AEFD80B6C3DD68" box="[421,511,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,192,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1766]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFE6FFE4D6CCFDACB515DD8D" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1653]" box="[199,553,618,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFE6FFE4D6CCFDACB6F2DD8D" bold="true" box="[199,462,618,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brachypterous female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1A9B2A29FFE6FFE4D7D5FDACB51CDD8C" box="[478,544,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[173,1419,192,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1436,181,1908]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Brachysandalus ayyammae Malipatil &amp; Liu, sp. nov., paratype, brachypterous female, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Scale bar = 2.00 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211633/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFE6FFE4D42BFDADB515DD8D" bold="true" box="[544,553,618,644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFE6FFE4D6CCFD48B409DCAC" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Generally blackish brown, head, anterior lobe of pronotum and legs shiny black, abdomen blackish brown with connexiva dorsally and ventrally appear banded with orangish red and blackish brown areas, disc of abdominal venter also with orangish red intersegmental patches. Hemelytral flaps generally brown with a pale-yellow speck on corresponding claval area. Ocelli obsolete. Pronotum with anterior lobe gibbous, about four times as long as posterior lobe which is about as wide as anterior lobe. Posterior lobe coarse and rugulose black, not shiny as anterior lobe. Hemelytron reduced to narrow flaps, reaching to posterior margin of abdominal tergite I. Meso- and metathoracic pleura with rather less distinct granules than in male. Dorsum with three small scent gland scars of subequal width on abdominal terga III–IV, IV–V and V–VI.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFE6FFE4D6CCFC68B3A7DA38" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFE6FFE4D6CCFC68B655DCC1" box="[199,361,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Measurements</emphasis>
: [of
<typeStatus id="5D1B880EFFE6FFE4D7ACFC68B535DCC0" box="[423,521,943,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
macropterous male, followed by
<typeStatus id="5D1B880EFFE6FFE4D59FFC68B4C8DCC0" box="[916,1012,943,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
brachypterous female]. Body length 9.36 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D6D1FC14B7CDDCE4" box="[218,241,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 9.15 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D747FC14B663DCE4" box="[332,351,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); maximum width of abdomen 2.34 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D507FC14B41FDCE4" box="[780,803,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 3.12 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D575FC14B4ADDCE4" box="[894,913,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); length of head 1.36 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D293FC14B393DCE4" box="[1176,1199,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 1.60 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D301FC14B221DCE4" box="[1290,1309,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); length of anteocular region 0.53 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D7A1FC30B6FDDB18" box="[426,449,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.68 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D414FC30B50EDB18" box="[543,562,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); length of postocular region 0.41 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D5DBFC30B4DBDB18" box="[976,999,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.40 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D24EFC30B364DB18" box="[1093,1112,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); width of head across eyes 1.02 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D6D1FBDCB7CDDB3C" box="[218,241,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 1.06 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D746FBDCB65CDB3C" box="[333,352,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); width of interocular space 0.45 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D4E6FBDCB438DB3C" box="[749,772,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.49 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D554FBDCB44EDB3C" box="[863,882,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); width of interocellar space 0.15 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D30DFBDCB221DB3C" box="[1286,1309,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.16; (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D374FBDCB2ADDB3C" box="[1407,1425,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) length of eye in dorsal view 0.41 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D413FBF8B513DB50" box="[536,559,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.48 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D48CFBF8B5A6DB50" box="[647,666,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); width of eye in dorsal view 0.26 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D227FBF8B37FDB50" box="[1068,1091,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.30 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D297FBF8B393DB50" box="[1180,1199,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); lengths of antennal segments I–IV 0.79 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D78CFBA4B6A2DB74" box="[391,414,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.68 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D7F2FBA4B537DB74" box="[505,523,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) / 1.71 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D47AFBA4B5B4DB74" box="[625,648,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 1.44 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D4E8FBA4B5C9DB74" box="[739,757,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) / 1.78 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D550FBA4B44EDB74" box="[859,882,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 1.48 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D5C7FBA4B4E2DB74" box="[972,990,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) / 1.73 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D24EFBA4B360DB74" box="[1093,1116,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 1.63 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D2BCFBA4B3F6DB74" box="[1207,1226,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); length of visible labial segments I–III 0.45 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D7CEFB40B6E0DBA8" box="[453,476,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.58 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D43FFB40B57ADBA8" box="[564,582,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) / 0.83 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D4ADFB40B581DBA8" box="[678,701,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.82 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D51FFB40B41ADBA8" box="[788,806,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) / 0.30 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D58CFB40B4A2DBA8" box="[903,926,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.25 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D5FDFB40B335DBA8" box="[1014,1033,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); length of pronotum 2.16 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D334FB40B26ADBA8" box="[1343,1366,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 1.93 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D6A9FB6CB789DBCC" box="[162,181,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); length of anterior pronotal lobe 1.33 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D47FFB6CB5B7DBCC" box="[628,651,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 1.52 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D4EFFB6CB5CBDBCC" box="[740,759,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); length of posterior pronotal lobe 0.79 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D2C9FB6CB3E5DBCC" box="[1218,1241,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.41 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D33AFB6CB278DBCC" box="[1329,1348,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); width of anterior pronotal lobe 1.59 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D7E6FB08B538DBE0" box="[493,516,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 1.74 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D450FB08B552DBE0" box="[603,622,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); width of posterior pronotal lobe 2.35 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D226FB08B378DBE0" box="[1069,1092,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 1.82 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D290FB08B392DBE0" box="[1179,1198,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); length of scutellum 1.02 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D6DCFB34B7D2DA04" box="[215,238,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.83 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D74FFB34B66BDA04" box="[324,343,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); maximum width of scutellum 1.40 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D4F0FB34B42EDA04" box="[763,786,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.87 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D56CFB34B446DA04" box="[871,890,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); length of hemelytron 5.80 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D2B4FB34B3EADA04" box="[1215,1238,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 1.56 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D327FB34B203DA04" box="[1324,1343,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); length of fore tibia 1.59 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D76FFAD0B647DA38" box="[356,379,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 1.71 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D7D8FAD0B6DADA38" box="[467,486,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
); length of fossula spongiosa on fore tibia 0.49 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D203FAD0B323DA38" box="[1032,1055,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), 0.64 (
<specimenCount id="94A6FD25FFE6FFE4D273FAD0B3B7DA38" box="[1144,1163,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFE6FFE4D6CCFAFDB58BDA5C" box="[199,695,1338,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFE6FFE4D6CCFAFDB58BDA5C" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1653]" box="[199,695,1338,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFE6FFE4D6CCFAFDB65DDA5D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1338,1364]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FAB7763CFFE6FFE4D76CFAFCB6F2DA5C" box="[359,462,1339,1365]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4064F84EFFE6FFE4D7D6FAFCB597DA5C" box="[477,683,1339,1365]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CABA6527FFE6FFE4D6CCFA98B5FAD97C" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFE6FFE4D6CCFA98B33BDA94" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFE6FFE4D6CCFA98B672DA70" bold="true" box="[199,334,1375,1401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet has been derived from ‘
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFE6FFE4D530FA98B494DA70" box="[827,936,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ayyamma</emphasis>
’, the first name of the beloved mother of the first author (MBM), to commemorate her centenarian (100
<superScript id="75D59BE4FFE6FFE4D522FA45B40ADA99" attach="none" box="[809,822,1410,1424]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">th</superScript>
) birthday in 2023.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821F36ACFFE6FFE4D6CCFA61B5FAD97C" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1653]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFE6FFE4D6CCFA61B689DAC8" bold="true" box="[199,437,1446,1473]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comparative notes.</emphasis>
This species is related to
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFE6FFE4D4FFFA60B32EDAC8" authority="Stal, 1867" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1867" box="[756,1042,1446,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctorius">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFE6FFE4D4FFFA60B4ACDAC9" box="[756,912,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. punctorius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E6314B5DFFE6FFE4D597FA61B32EDAC8" author="Stal, C." box="[924,1042,1446,1473]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="235 - 302" refId="ref72943" refString="Stal, C. (1867) Bidrag till Reduviidernas kannendom. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 23, 235 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61897" type="journal article" year="1867">Stål, 1867</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but differs from the latter in the following. Macropterous male with shorter, covering only distal 1/4 of clavus and adjoining corial area, yellow marking on hemelytron (vs. longer, covering almost distal 2/3 of clavus and adjoining corial area in
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFE6FFE4D2FEFA28B2B7D901" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1867" box="[1269,1419,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctorius">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFE6FFE4D2FEFA28B2B7D901" box="[1269,1419,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. punctorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); abdominal venter mostly orangish brown except pygophore and adjoining area on sternite VII (vs. uniformly black in
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFE6FFE4D6BFF9F0B677D959" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1867" box="[180,331,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctorius">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFE6FFE4D6BFF9F0B677D959" box="[180,331,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. punctorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Brachypterous female with abdomen above and below distinctly bicoloured (vs. uniformly black abdomen both above and below in
<taxonomicName id="45A04D2FFFE6FFE4D414F99CB58AD97D" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1867" box="[543,694,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Brachysandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctorius">
<emphasis id="B0D4EABEFFE6FFE4D414F99CB58AD97D" box="[543,694,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B. punctorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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