452 lines
49 KiB
XML
452 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="DC9ECECE1B3EC3B9F4AD12F48C68A0AB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3717.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6cb4a055-276d-457d-98bf-0ad0ea9e7c41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="218387" ID-ZooBank="D47FA59C-C1E8-4CF9-A378-7445BEC4E32C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460684734531" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Isler, Morton L., Bravo, Gustavo A. & Brumfield, Robb T." docDate="2013" docId="5A6887F0FF893D05818EE7775749FBD3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03717p497.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3717 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Myrmeciza exsul" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="488" masterDocId="A651FF88FF9B3D168119E34A524EFFAF" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Myrmeciza (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) into 12 genera based on phylogenetic, morphological, behavioral, and ecological data" masterLastPageNumber="497" masterPageNumber="469" pageNumber="487" updateTime="1698350971086" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="D1E868E4B573C12BA8083B7831736ABF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C590528D6F92B2807558D5A0D2397E27">
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<mods:title id="1C335374F2B6B31903B67D16B174FD81">Taxonomic revision of Myrmeciza (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) into 12 genera based on phylogenetic, morphological, behavioral, and ecological data</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="61D9952A169E4B68FC93A58CB0732E4D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="308B970FDC40E3D4CB62189857C8D2E3">Isler, Morton L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D7F1056B15401BA3E95560E85C5C2101">Bravo, Gustavo A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6287DF98393A692B81F31E1FF01D4089" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8EDFFCECD0D2C48852D6BE4A8245E84D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="501969A5D462B138EF0E90D538B93EF3">Brumfield, Robb T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="71E63444514F90A4483F487C603DA378">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FF7D6D3E1AC0A2F97B5252136C59DD44">
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<mods:date id="D5071D97BED5DCBC22FDFFA049349A23">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DF52AE4771F5D7DB0AFC7B4AA820A48E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="62373D3F2B88E227EE382D6CFA92E6EC">3717</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9C32D273568514BA5D0A3569BDAAA611" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3717.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5A6887F0FF893D05818EE7775749FBD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5611498" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119577817" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5611498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A6887F0FF893D05818EE7775749FBD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A6887F0FF893D05818EE7775749FBD3" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
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<subSubSection id="9ADB656DFF893D04818EE7775326FAFF" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D27E36E6FF893D04818EE7775350FBF8" blockId="18.[151,286,1085,1111]" box="[151,286,1085,1111]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
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<heading id="8936818AFF893D04818EE7775350FBF8" bold="true" box="[151,286,1085,1111]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04818EE7775350FBF8" bold="true" box="[151,286,1085,1111]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04818EE7775299FBF8" ID-CoL="743L7" box="[151,215,1085,1111]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04818EE7775299FBF8" bold="true" box="[151,215,1085,1111]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">exsul</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D27E36E6FF893D04818EE7CE5326FAFF" blockId="18.[151,1436,1156,2009]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04818EE7CE538DFB32" box="[151,451,1156,1181]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Phylogenetic relationships</emphasis>
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.— This clade of species currently placed in
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0482DFE7CF560DFB33" box="[966,1091,1157,1180]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0482DFE7CF560DFB33" box="[966,1091,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Myrmeciza</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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includes
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0485ABE7CF5732FB32" authority="Sclater" authorityName="Sclater" box="[1202,1404,1156,1181]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0485ABE7CF575DFB32" box="[1202,1299,1156,1181]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">M. exsul</emphasis>
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(Sclater)
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</taxonomicName>
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as sister to the rest, and
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D048090E7E350E9FB6F" authority="Chapman" authorityName="Chapman" box="[393,679,1191,1216]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D048090E7E3506EFB6F" box="[393,544,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">M. griseiceps</emphasis>
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(Chapman)
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</taxonomicName>
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as sister of a well-supported, although internally unresolved, clade consisting of
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D048036E7875078FB4B" authority="Hartert" authorityName="Hartert" box="[303,566,1228,1253]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D048036E7875384FB4A" box="[303,458,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">M. berlepschi</emphasis>
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(Hartert)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04835BE78751AFFB4A" authority="Salvin and Godman" authorityName="Salvin and Godman" box="[578,993,1228,1253]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04835BE78750ADFB4A" box="[578,739,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">M. nigricauda</emphasis>
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(Salvin and Godman)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0482F5E78756F0FB4A" authority="Todd" authorityName="Todd" box="[1004,1214,1228,1253]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palliata">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0482F5E7875627FB4A" box="[1004,1129,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">M. palliata</emphasis>
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(Todd)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0485ECE7875291FAA7" authority="Salvin" authorityName="Salvin" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0485ECE78757D2FB4A" box="[1269,1436,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">M. laemosticta</emphasis>
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Salvin
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="4AFA2A63FF893D0481E9E7A55371FAA7" box="[240,319,1263,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[208,1349,212,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1377,195,1868]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum-likelihood tree of a subset of the Thamnophilinae, showing that Myrmeciza is polyphyletic (species names in these clades are emboldened). Members of Myrmeciza are placed in eight different well-supported clades in the Microrhopiini, Pithyini, and Pyriglenini. The color of the circles at nodes indicates bootstrap support values,> 70 % (black), 50 - 70 % (gray), <50 % (white)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218388/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="4AFA2A63FF893D048063E7BA53C5FAA7" box="[378,395,1264,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[228,1413,229,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1413,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bayesian consensus tree of a subset of the Thamnophilinae, showing that Myrmeciza is polyphyletic (species names in these clades are emboldened). Members of Myrmeciza are placed in eight different well-supported clades in the Microrhopiini, Pithyini, and Pyriglenini. The color of the circles at nodes indicates posterior probability support,> 0.95 (black), 0.95 – 0.75 (gray), <0.75 (white)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218389/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">2</figureCitation>
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; Chaves
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0480EDE7BB5066FAA7" box="[500,552,1263,1288]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
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. 2010). Until recently,
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04822CE7A551FEFAA7" box="[821,944,1263,1288]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04822CE7A551FEFAA7" box="[821,944,1263,1288]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">nigricauda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0482D9E7A55659FAA7" box="[960,1047,1263,1288]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palliata">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0482D9E7A55659FAA7" box="[960,1047,1263,1288]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">palliata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D048540E7A55694FAA7" box="[1113,1242,1263,1288]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D048540E7A55694FAA7" box="[1113,1242,1263,1288]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">laemosticta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were considered conspecific, and, given their morphological similarity, their plumage and morphometric data are combined as the
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04818EE67D5356FAFF" box="[151,280,1335,1360]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04818EE67D5356FAFF" box="[151,280,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">laemosticta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9ADB656DFF893D0581DEE616564AFD07" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D27E36E6FF893D0481DEE616537FF9AA" blockId="18.[151,1436,1156,2009]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0481DEE6165322FADA" box="[199,364,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Biogeography.</emphasis>
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—The
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0480A2E61653BBFADA" box="[443,501,1372,1397]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0480A2E61653BBFADA" box="[443,501,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">exsul</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade is trans-Andean. Species occur from
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<collectingCountry id="AAD67676FF893D0482FFE6165617FADA" box="[998,1113,1372,1397]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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to the western slopes of the Andes in extreme northwest
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<collectingCountry id="AAD67676FF893D0480CEE6CA5040FA38" box="[471,526,1408,1431]" name="Peru" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Peru</collectingCountry>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D048300E635501CFA37" box="[537,594,1407,1432]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D048300E635501CFA37" box="[537,594,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">exsul</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D048391E63550B3FA37" box="[648,765,1407,1432]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D048391E63550B3FA37" box="[648,765,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">berlepschi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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inhabit lowlands and the remaining species mostly foothills although
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04801DE6EF5338FA13" box="[260,374,1445,1468]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04801DE6EF5338FA13" box="[260,374,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">griseiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ranges to
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<quantity id="15399B03FF893D0480EEE6EE501AFA13" box="[503,596,1444,1468]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04837AE6EF516AFA12" box="[611,804,1444,1469]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04837AE6EF516AFA12" box="[611,804,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Myrmeciza exsul</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04827DE6EE5197FA12" box="[868,985,1444,1469]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04827DE6EE5197FA12" box="[868,985,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">berlepschi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are sympatric in
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<collectingCountry id="AAD67676FF893D0485B4E6EE5751FA12" box="[1197,1311,1444,1469]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D048437E6EE5726FA12" box="[1326,1384,1444,1469]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
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<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D048437E6EE5726FA12" box="[1326,1384,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">exsul</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04818EE68D535CFA4F" box="[151,274,1479,1504]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04818EE68D535CFA4F" box="[151,274,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">nigricauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overlap elevationally;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04830BE68D50C9FA4F" box="[530,647,1479,1504]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04830BE68D50C9FA4F" box="[530,647,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">berlepschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0483A5E68D5179FA4F" box="[700,823,1479,1504]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0483A5E68D5179FA4F" box="[700,823,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">nigricauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be elevationally parapatric. All other species are allopatric.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D27E36E6FF893D0481DEE5455681F972" blockId="18.[151,1436,1156,2009]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0481DEE5455365F987" box="[199,299,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Plumage</emphasis>
|
||
.—Except for the black
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04835AE54550F9F987" box="[579,695,1551,1576]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04835AE54550F9F987" box="[579,695,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">berlepschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the clade is gray anteriorly and brown (typically dark reddishbrown) posteriorly with wing coverts tipped white in at least one sex (except some subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0485FAE57E5753F9E2" box="[1251,1309,1588,1613]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0485FAE57E5753F9E2" box="[1251,1309,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and white interscapular patches (small in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0480EFE51D5061F9DF" box="[502,559,1623,1648]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0480EFE51D5061F9DF" box="[502,559,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Females in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0483ECE51D5138F9DF" box="[757,886,1623,1648]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0483ECE51D5138F9DF" box="[757,886,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">laemosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group are distinguished by black throats spotted white. Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04803DE53753D8F93B" box="[292,406,1661,1684]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04803DE53753D8F93B" box="[292,406,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a large black breast patch and graduated tail tipped white; the female has a white throat and breast streaked pale gray. Bare blue periorbital skin distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0482D0E5D5564CF917" box="[969,1026,1695,1720]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0482D0E5D5564CF917" box="[969,1026,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D048541E5D55682F917" box="[1112,1228,1695,1720]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D048541E5D55682F917" box="[1112,1228,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">berlepschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks white wing covert spots that are present in the female, which also has white spots from throat to upper belly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D27E36E6FF893D0481DEE5AD516BF8C3" blockId="18.[151,1436,1156,2009]" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0481DEE5AD533DF8AF" box="[199,371,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Morphometrics</emphasis>
|
||
.—Although the tail of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D048399E5AD50BAF8AF" box="[640,756,1767,1792]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D048399E5AD50BAF8AF" box="[640,756,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">berlepschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly shorter and its bill slightly longer, species in the clade are similar in their measurements except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0483CBE447510AF88B" box="[722,836,1805,1828]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0483CBE447510AF88B" box="[722,836,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="9F43035DFF893D04824BE44651E6F88B" box="[850,936,1804,1829]" captionStart="TABLE 2 a" captionStartId="11.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1410,238,1176]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 2 a. Morphometrics (part 1 of 2). Body length = Total length—Tail length. All measurement in cm. except Weight in g." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/86BE666EFF903D1D818EE3D25354FF7D" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" tableUuid="86BE666EFF903D1D818EE3D25354FF7D">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0482A6E44756FBF88B" box="[959,1205,1805,1828]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0482A6E44756FBF88B" box="[959,1205,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Myrmeciza griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller except its tail is longer which creates a high ratio between tail length and wing and total length. In addition, its bill is thinner which produces a low bill depth/bill length ratio (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9F43035DFF893D0483D9E41E5159F8C3" box="[704,791,1876,1901]" captionStart="TABLE 3 a" captionStartId="13.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3 a. Morphometric proportions (part 1 of 2)." pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D27E36E6FF893D0581DEE43D567DFF7A" blockId="18.[151,1436,1156,2009]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="488" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0481DEE43D530EF83F" box="[199,320,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">Loudsongs</emphasis>
|
||
.—The structure of male loudsongs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0483EAE43D513AF83F" box="[755,884,1911,1936]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0483EAE43D513AF83F" box="[755,884,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">laemosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04829AE43D51B9F83F" box="[899,1015,1911,1936]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04829AE43D51B9F83F" box="[899,1015,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">berlepschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D04851CE43D56CEF83F" box="[1029,1152,1911,1936]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D04851CE43D56CEF83F" box="[1029,1152,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">nigricauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D0485A7E43D575BF83F" box="[1214,1301,1911,1936]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D0485A7E43D575BF83F" box="[1214,1301,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">palliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar: a countable series of abrupt notes shaped like a sharply peaked chevron. Female loudsongs of all four species can readily be distinguished from those of males, especially by their longer and flatter notes. Loudsongs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF893D048433E48B57D2F877" box="[1322,1436,1985,2008]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF893D048433E48B57D2F877" box="[1322,1436,1985,2008]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="487">griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a rapid trill) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058079E3DD53D7FF1F" box="[352,409,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058079E3DD53D7FF1F" box="[352,409,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two-noted) differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D05820DE3DD51C6FF1F" box="[788,904,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D05820DE3DD51C6FF1F" box="[788,904,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">berlepschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0582F5E3DD5623FF1F" box="[1004,1133,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0582F5E3DD5623FF1F" box="[1004,1133,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">laemosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group as well as from one another, and their female songs are more similar to those of their respective males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D27E36E6FF883D0581DEE39557C1FE27" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0581DEE3955352FF57" box="[199,284,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
.—All species inhabit dense, tangled vegetation, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D7A8844FF883D058277E3AA51D0FF57" box="[878,926,224,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of vegetation varying with conditions within their ranges:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058035E24E5328FEB2" box="[300,358,260,285]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058035E24E5328FEB2" box="[300,358,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in dense, tangled vegetation in humid lowland forest and mature second growth, sometimes in areas with more open undergrowth;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058359E26350FCFEEF" box="[576,690,297,320]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058359E26350FCFEEF" box="[576,690,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in patches of dense montane forest especially bamboo patches;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D05818EE2065345FECA" box="[151,267,332,357]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D05818EE2065345FECA" box="[151,267,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">berlepschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in heavily vegetated lowland forest, especially at borders and light gaps, and dense second growth; the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D05818EE2255356FE27" box="[151,280,367,392]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D05818EE2255356FE27" box="[151,280,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">laemosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group in wet forest in foothills, often in ravines and steep slopes with tangled treefalls and landslides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D27E36E6FF883D0581DEE2DF5319FE5B" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0581DEE2DF53EFFE02" box="[199,417,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Foraging behavior</emphasis>
|
||
.—All species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0583B4E2DF5151FE03" box="[685,799,405,428]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0583B4E2DF5151FE03" box="[685,799,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forage primarily on the ground, hopping up to low substrates mostly <
|
||
<quantity id="15399B03FF883D058060E2F253EAFE60" box="[377,420,440,464]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
(although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D05833DE2FD50D1FE7F" box="[548,671,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D05833DE2FD50D1FE7F" box="[548,671,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">nigricauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0583C5E2FD511EFE7F" box="[732,848,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0583C5E2FD511EFE7F" box="[732,848,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">berlepschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are poorly known). In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0585D4E2F35770FE7F" box="[1229,1342,441,464]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0585D4E2F35770FE7F" box="[1229,1342,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forages mostly
|
||
<quantity id="15399B03FF883D0581F3E2965362FE5B" box="[234,300,476,500]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" unit="m" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2-7 m</quantity>
|
||
up.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D27E36E6FF883D0581DEE2B5568CFDB7" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[199,1218,511,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0581DEE2B553ADFDB7" box="[199,483,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Tail and wing movements</emphasis>
|
||
.—All species pound their tails down and raise them back slowly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D27E36E6FF883D0581DEE16F564AFD07" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0581DEE16F53C7FD92" box="[199,393,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Nest architecture</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0580B5E16F5025FD92" box="[428,619,548,573]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0580B5E16F5025FD92" box="[428,619,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Myrmeciza exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
builds a bulky bottom-supported cup placed on a foundation of plants and debris <
|
||
<quantity id="15399B03FF883D058029E102533CFDF0" box="[304,370,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" unit="m" value="0.4">0.4 m</quantity>
|
||
off the ground. The nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0583A4E10D5170FDCF" box="[701,830,583,608]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0583A4E10D5170FDCF" box="[701,830,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">laemosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a rim-supported cup built with flexible fibers and placed on shrubs
|
||
<quantity id="15399B03FF883D05807EE1265394FD2B" box="[359,474,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 cm</quantity>
|
||
off the ground (Greeney
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058215E1275107FD2A" box="[780,841,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013). One minimally described nest, likely to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D05818EE1C552A0FD07" box="[151,238,655,680]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D05818EE1C552A0FD07" box="[151,238,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">palliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given the record’s locality, was said to be a cup placed low in a shrub.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9ADB656DFF883D0581DEE1FF5749FBD3" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D27E36E6FF883D0581DEE1FF5609FC0A" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0581DEE1FF530CFD63" box="[199,322,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
.—The issue is whether to consolidate these six species in a single genus or to place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058442E1FE57DBFD62" box="[1371,1429,692,717]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058442E1FE57DBFD62" box="[1371,1429,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D05818EE1935347FD5F" box="[151,265,729,752]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D05818EE1935347FD5F" box="[151,265,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D05806EE19D53B6FD5F" box="[375,504,727,752]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D05806EE19D53B6FD5F" box="[375,504,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">laemosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058367E19D50BCFD5F" box="[638,754,727,752]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058367E19D50BCFD5F" box="[638,754,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">berlepschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in three genera. The question is complicated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058433E19357D2FD5F" box="[1322,1436,729,752]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058433E19357D2FD5F" box="[1322,1436,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whose unique morphology led Hellmayr to conclude that the species “is extremely puzzling in its affinities.” (Cory and Hellmayr 1924). The phylogeny embeds
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0583B4E06B5151FC97" box="[685,799,801,824]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0583B4E06B5151FC97" box="[685,799,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D05828AE0555183FC97" box="[915,973,799,824]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D05828AE0555183FC97" box="[915,973,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the clade consisting of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058439E05557DAFC97" box="[1312,1428,799,824]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058439E05557DAFC97" box="[1312,1428,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">berlepschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D05818EE00E535CFCF2" box="[151,274,836,861]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D05818EE00E535CFCF2" box="[151,274,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">nigricauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D05803BE00E5337FCF2" box="[290,377,836,861]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D05803BE00E5337FCF2" box="[290,377,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">palliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0580ACE00E5078FCF2" box="[437,566,836,861]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0580ACE00E5078FCF2" box="[437,566,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">laemosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These four species evidence similar morphology and behavior.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058406E00F529FFC2F" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058406E00F529FFC2F" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Myrmeciza exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is close to this group in morphology and behavior, as was suggested earlier by Robbins and Ridgely (1991). However, nest architecture supports distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0583CCE0C65140FC0A" box="[725,782,908,933]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0583CCE0C65140FC0A" box="[725,782,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058265E0C651B3FC0A" box="[892,1021,908,933]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058265E0C651B3FC0A" box="[892,1021,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">laemosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D27E36E6FF883D0581DEE0FB5749FBD3" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0581DEE0FB5054FC67" box="[199,538,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Taxonomic Recommendations</emphasis>
|
||
.—Differences in plumage, morphometrics, foraging behavior, and loudsong structure between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D05807DE09F5398FC43" box="[356,470,981,1004]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D05807DE09F5398FC43" box="[356,470,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058218E09E5174FC42" box="[769,826,980,1005]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058218E09E5174FC42" box="[769,826,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade require that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058513E09F5632FC43" box="[1034,1148,981,1004]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058513E09F5632FC43" box="[1034,1148,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be placed in a monotypic genus. Despite the similarities between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058341E0BD50DFFBBF" box="[600,657,1015,1040]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058341E0BD50DFFBBF" box="[600,657,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0583D0E0BD5173FBBF" box="[713,829,1015,1040]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0583D0E0BD5173FBBF" box="[713,829,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">berlepschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0582B9E0BD566FFBBF" box="[928,1057,1015,1040]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0582B9E0BD566FFBBF" box="[928,1057,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">laemosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058560E0BD56FCFBBF" box="[1145,1202,1015,1040]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058560E0BD56FCFBBF" box="[1145,1202,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
then must be placed in a monotypic genus to avoid paraphyletic genera; differences in plumage, vocalizations, and nest architecture also support such treatment. We recommend that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0583D3E7755170FBF7" box="[714,830,1087,1112]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berlepschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0583D3E7755170FBF7" box="[714,830,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">berlepschi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D0582BBE775566DFBF7" box="[930,1059,1087,1112]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laemosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D0582BBE775566DFBF7" box="[930,1059,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">laemosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group be considered congeneric. The appropriate name for this genus is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058355E72F50C8FBD3" box="[588,646,1125,1148]" class="Aves" family="Formicariidae" genus="Sipia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058355E72F50C8FBD3" box="[588,646,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">Sipia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. New generic names are needed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058506E72E5616FBD2" box="[1055,1112,1124,1149]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058506E72E5616FBD2" box="[1055,1112,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">exsul</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C14D65FF883D058596E72F574EFBD3" box="[1167,1280,1125,1148]" class="Aves" family="Thamnophilidae" genus="Myrmeciza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0B5EAF4FF883D058596E72F574EFBD3" box="[1167,1280,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="488">griseiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |