213 lines
36 KiB
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213 lines
36 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e81961" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1864-8312-81-79" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CA16EA0C5A33560FBC955981DFC9D502" ID-ZooBank="5C1FDC828F9F4869ADDD83FA96E507ED" ModsDocID="1864-8312-81-79" checkinTime="1674309819629" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz & Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro" docDate="2023" docId="06BE93E1161457A282AD805ABFFC353C" docLanguage="en" docName="ArthropodSystPhyl 81: 79-164" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 81" docPubDate="2023-01-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e81961" docTitle="Acuera menaca DeLong & Freytag 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="CA16EA0C5A33560FBC955981DFC9D502" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="CA16EA0C5A33560FBC955981DFC9D502" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic analysis and revision of the leafhopper genus Acuera DeLong & Freytag (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) based on morphological data" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1674309819629" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogenetic analysis and revision of the leafhopper genus Acuera DeLong & Freytag (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) based on morphological data</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4588-4236</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, PR, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">domahovskiac@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-0629</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, PR, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-01-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>81</mods:number>
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<mods:start>79</mods:start>
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<mods:end>164</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e81961</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e81961</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1864-8312-81-79</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:06BE93E1161457A282AD805ABFFC353C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/06BE93E1161457A282AD805ABFFC353C" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6536J" LSID="06BE93E1-1614-57A2-82AD-805ABFFC353C" authority="DeLong & Freytag" authorityName="DeLong & Freytag" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Acuera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acuera menaca" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menaca">Acuera menaca DeLong & Freytag</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figs 13</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Species of Acuera, dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. A, B A. (Acuera) adspersa, male, DZUP. C, D A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype male, USNM. E, F A. (Acuera) extenuata sp. nov., holotype male, DZUP. G, H A. (Acuera) incepta, male, DZUP. I, J A. (Acuera) laudara, holotype male, OSU. K, L A. (Acuera) levara, male, DZUP. M A. (Acuera) menaca, holotype male, AMNH." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798168" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 15C, D, M</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Species of Acuera, dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. A, B A. (Acuera) nigrifrons, male, DZUP. C, D A. (Acuera) prodiga syn. nov., holotype male, OSU. E - H A. (Acuera) umbra sp. nov., E, F holotype male, DZUP. G, H paratype male from State of Rio de Janeiro, DZRJ. I, J A. (Tortusana) angera, holotype male, USNM. K, L A. (Tortusana) luhea, holotype male, OSU." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798169" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 16C, D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="DeLong & Freytag" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Acuera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acuera (Acuera) prodiga" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prodiga" subGenus="Acuera">Acuera (Acuera) prodiga</taxonomicName>
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DeLong & Freytag, 1974: 189.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="DeLong & Freytag" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Acuera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acuera (Acuera) culmena" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culmena" subGenus="Acuera">Acuera (Acuera) culmena</taxonomicName>
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DeLong & Freytag, 1974: 188.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">New synonymy.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="DeLong & Freytag" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Acuera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acuera (Acuera) prodiga" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prodiga" subGenus="Acuera">Acuera (Acuera) prodiga</taxonomicName>
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DeLong & Freytag, 1974: 188.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">New synonymy.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<bibRefCitation author="DeLong, DM" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="185 - 200" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/1811/22218" refId="B8" refString="DeLong, DM, Freytag, PH, 1974. Studies of the Gyponinae: the genus Acuera (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science 74 (3): 185 - 200, http://hdl.handle.net/1811/22218" title="Studies of the Gyponinae: the genus Acuera (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)." url="http://hdl.handle.net/1811/22218" volume="74" year="1974">DeLong and Freytag (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. culmena" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="culmena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. culmena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on a single male specimen from Yarinacocha, Peru (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13A-C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Species of Acuera, dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. A, B A. (Acuera) adspersa, male, DZUP. C, D A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype male, USNM. E, F A. (Acuera) extenuata sp. nov., holotype male, DZUP. G, H A. (Acuera) incepta, male, DZUP. I, J A. (Acuera) laudara, holotype male, OSU. K, L A. (Acuera) levara, male, DZUP. M A. (Acuera) menaca, holotype male, AMNH." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798168" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">15C, D</figureCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. menaca" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="menaca">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. menaca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on five specimens from Peru (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13D-F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Species of Acuera, dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. A, B A. (Acuera) adspersa, male, DZUP. C, D A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype male, USNM. E, F A. (Acuera) extenuata sp. nov., holotype male, DZUP. G, H A. (Acuera) incepta, male, DZUP. I, J A. (Acuera) laudara, holotype male, OSU. K, L A. (Acuera) levara, male, DZUP. M A. (Acuera) menaca, holotype male, AMNH." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798168" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">15M</figureCitation>
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), being the holotype from Tingo Maria and
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. prodiga" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="prodiga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. prodiga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on a single male specimen from Iquitos, Peru (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13G-I</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Species of Acuera, dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. A, B A. (Acuera) nigrifrons, male, DZUP. C, D A. (Acuera) prodiga syn. nov., holotype male, OSU. E - H A. (Acuera) umbra sp. nov., E, F holotype male, DZUP. G, H paratype male from State of Rio de Janeiro, DZRJ. I, J A. (Tortusana) angera, holotype male, USNM. K, L A. (Tortusana) luhea, holotype male, OSU." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798169" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">16C, D</figureCitation>
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). These species are very similar in the external morphology and coloration and, according to the DeLong and Freytag, can be differentiated by the shape and number of the apical processes of aedeagus.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="DeLong & Freytag" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Acuera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acuera culmena" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culmena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Acuera culmena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13A, B</figureCitation>
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) have three pairs of processes, being the apical more robust and branched on apical third, forming two rami equal in length. The two subapical pairs are very slender, being the more basal very short.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="DeLong & Freytag" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Acuera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acuera menaca" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menaca">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Acuera menaca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13D, E</figureCitation>
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) also have three pairs of processes but is distinct from
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. culmena" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="culmena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. culmena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having the apical pair longer with a short spine-like process on mid-length, and the two subapical pairs longer than in
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. culmena" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="culmena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. culmena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The third species,
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. prodiga" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="prodiga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. prodiga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13G, H</figureCitation>
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), have two pairs of processes, being the apical more robust than the subapical pair. The apical pair is branched on basal third, forming two rami, the ventral approximately two times longer than the dorsal and bearing a minute spur on the apical third and the subapical pair longer than in
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. culmena" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="culmena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. culmena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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We studied eight male specimens from Brazil, states of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
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and Mato Grosso, and one male from Cusco, Peru, and we found four similar features variations of the genitalia. The apical processes of aedeagus can be branched (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13K</figureCitation>
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) or not (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13N, Q, T</figureCitation>
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) and with variable lengths and curvatures. The aedeagal shaft, in lateral view, can be approximately straight (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13A, J, M, S</figureCitation>
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), slightly curved (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13D, G, P</figureCitation>
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), strongly expanded apically (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13M, S</figureCitation>
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), moderately expanded (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13A, D, J, P</figureCitation>
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) or not expanded (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13G</figureCitation>
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). The more basal subapical pair of processes (second subapical pair) can be very long (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13 N, Q</figureCitation>
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) with approximately half length of shaft, moderately long (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13E, K</figureCitation>
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), short (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13B</figureCitation>
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), vestigial (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13S</figureCitation>
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) or absent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13G</figureCitation>
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). The apodemal process of aedeagus vary in length, being short (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13G, M, S</figureCitation>
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) or long (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13A, J</figureCitation>
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). The apex of the style also is variable between the specimens and can be abruptly truncated (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13C, R</figureCitation>
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), obliquely truncated (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13F, I</figureCitation>
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) or intermediate between abruptly and obliquely truncated (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Intraspecific variations of aedeagus and apex of style of A. (Acuera) menaca. A - I redrawn from DeLong and Freytag, 1974. A - C A. (Acuera) culmena syn. nov., holotype from Yarinacocha, Peru, USNM. D - F A. (Acuera) menaca syn. nov., holotype from Tingo Maria, Peru, AMNH. G - I A. (Acuera) prodiga, holotype from Iquitos, Peru, OSU. J - L specimen from Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, DZUP. M - O specimen from Rio Madeira, Rondonia, Brazil, MZSP. P - R specimen from Flona Jamari, Rondonia, Brazil, DZUP. S - U specimen from Cusco, Peru, DZRJ." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e81961.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/798166" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">13L, O, U</figureCitation>
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). As all studied specimens are similar to
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. culmena" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="culmena">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. culmena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. menaca" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="menaca">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. menaca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. prodiga" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="prodiga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. prodiga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the external morphology, size, coloration, shape of pygofer, subgenital plates and connective, we consider these differences as intraspecific variations, and we propose that
|
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. culmena" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="culmena">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. culmena</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
and
|
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. prodiga" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="prodiga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. prodiga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
are synonyms of
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<taxonomicName family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. menaca" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="menaca">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A. menaca</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
. Intraspecific variations in the shape of style and processes of aedeagus are not common in
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1870" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="tribe" tribe="Gyponini">Gyponini</taxonomicName>
|
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but were previously reported in the genus
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Gyponana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gyponana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Gyponana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ball, 1920 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hamilton, KGA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="547 - 562" publicationUrl="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25084327" refId="B37" refString="Hamilton, KGA, 1982. Review of the nearctic species of the nominate subgenus of Gyponana Ball (Rhynchota: Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 55 (3): 547 - 562, https://www.jstor.org/stable/25084327" title="Review of the nearctic species of the nominate subgenus of Gyponana Ball (Rhynchota: Homoptera: Cicadellidae)." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25084327" volume="55" year="1982">Hamilton 1982</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |