484 lines
51 KiB
XML
484 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" ID-PMC="PMC3689132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-24-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" ID-PubMed="23794938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576237" ModsDocID="1314-2003-24-1" checkinTime="1451251869906" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lange, P. J. de, Heenan, P. B., Houliston, G. J., Rolfe, J. R. & Mitchell, A. D." docDate="2013" docId="F04D8AF2CD8CDF96CD98BB6AE4634740" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 24: 1-147" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 24" docPubDate="2013-06-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" docTitle="Lepidium limenophylax Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" masterDocTitle="New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668140848368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lange, P. J. de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heenan, P. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Houliston, G. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Genetics Group, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rolfe, J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Office, Department of Conservation, P. O. Box 10420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mitchell, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Otago School of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-06-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>147</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-24-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576237</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024650" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F04D8AF2CD8CDF96CD98BB6AE4634740" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F04D8AF2CD8CDF96CD98BB6AE4634740" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F04D8AF2-CD8C-DF96-CD98-BB6AE4634740" authority="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell, 2013" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidium limenophylax" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax" status="sp. nov.">Lepidium limenophylax</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="48" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="latin">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A L. oleraceo G.Forst. habitu constanter decumbenti vel procumbenti, nodis caulorum ligneis repullantibus tempo novo et interdum radicibus adventiis, foliis constanter angusto-lanceolatis vel linearibus serrulatis floribus staminibus duobus, et DNA sequentiis singularibus differt</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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New Zealand (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="F50" captionText="Figure 50. Holotype of Lepidium limenophylax de Lange, B. D. Rance et D. A. Norton." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10788" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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Snares Island, Snares Island Expedition 1969/72, University of Canterbury, December 1969, C. H. Hay s.n., WELT SP077578!
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10788" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 50" startId="F50">
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figure 50.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Lange, B.D.Rance et D.A.Norton.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="etymology.">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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The specific epithet '
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">limenophylax</emphasis>
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' derives from Greek (Ό
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<normalizedToken originalValue="λιμνοφυλαξ">λιμνοφυλαξ</normalizedToken>
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) and, though it strictly means 'lake
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<normalizedToken originalValue="watcher’">watcher'</normalizedToken>
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(C. Blackford pers. comm.), it is used here in the sense of the alternative meaning of "harbour watcher or coast-guard", which
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<bibRefCitation author="Green, PS" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="B47" refString="Green, PS, 1994. Flora of Australia Vol. 49, Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra." title="Flora of Australia Vol. 49, Oceanic Islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra" year="1994">Green (1994</bibRefCitation>
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; p. 535) states is the more appropriate derivation (see his comments on the etymology of the Norfolk Island endemic orchid
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Phreatia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Microspermae" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Phreatia limenophylax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Endl.) Benth.). It is given in allusion to the preferred habitat of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the Snares, i.e. the low turf confined to the exposed ends of rocky headlands jutting out into and overlooking the sea. Historically, it was on these exposed headlands that the World War II coastwatchers were posted to keep watch for signs of enemy shipping (
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<bibRefCitation author="Fleming, CA" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Bird Notes" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="181 - 184" refId="B38" refString="Fleming, CA, 1948. The Snares Island expedition. New Zealand Bird Notes 2: 181 - 184" title="The Snares Island expedition." volume="2" year="1948">Fleming 1948</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="McEwen, M" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B63" refString="McEwen, M, 2005. Charles Fleming Environmental Patriot. Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson." title="Charles Fleming Environmental Patriot. Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson." year="2005">McEwen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Lepidium limenophylax: (A) flowering plants on the Snares in Poa astonii / Poa tennantiana grassland showing decumbent growth-habit (image: R. Ewans); (B) close up of young and emergent inflorescence (image: S. Lake)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10789" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 51</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Mature silicle of Lepidium limenophylax. WELT SP 077578. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10792" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">-54</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Tap-rooted, strongly pungent smelling, summer-green, perennial herb, arising from stout rootstock 7.3-10.0 mm diam. Plants dying down to rootstock and previous
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<normalizedToken originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
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stem nodes during winter. Stems decumbent, bases often very stout,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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spherical, somewhat woody when mature 10-15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10-12 mm, composed of numerous old leaf and stem bases, sometimes producing roots, new
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<normalizedToken originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
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grow decumbent, spreading 10-300
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-10 mm, glabrous, sometimes with very sparse, appressed, caducous, silky 0.5-1.0 mm long, hairs near stem apices, at fruiting, often devoid of foliage from much of length. Leaves glabrous, firmly fleshy to succulent, usually dark green to green, sometimes yellow-green. Rosette and stem leaves usually withering at fruiting but sometimes with a few long persistent. Petiole distinct, 20-40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-4 mm lamina 50-100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-15 mm, lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate to linear lanceolate; distal ⅓-⅔ finely but sharply serrated or crenate, teeth in 10-20 pairs running to and including subacute, obtuse to rounded apex (teeth not extending beyond leaf outline), base cuneate to narrowly cuneate. Middle stems leaves with petiole indistinct, lamina narrowly linear lanceolate to linear, often recurved to falcate in the distal ⅓ -
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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of leaf length, 50-120
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-6 mm; upper ⅔ or occasionally the entire leaf finely but sharply serrated; teeth in 12-30 pairs running to and including the apex, and not extending beyond leaf outline, lamina base tapered, very narrowly cuneate. Upper stem leaves with or without a distinct petiole, petiole if present 40-60 mm, linear to linear-spathulate, occasionally narrowly lanceolate, often recurved or falcate from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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of leaf length, 30-100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.0-30.0 mm, margins finely but sharply serrated. Racemes 5-15 mm long, terminal and axillary; rachis glabrous; pedicels glabrous, erecto-patent, 2-8 mm long at fruiting. Flowers c. 0.4-1.0 mm diam. Sepals 4, saccate, overlapping at base, green with pale-green to white thickened margin, apex broadly obtuse, shape and size dimorphic; lateral sepals c.0.6-1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-1.2 mm, broadly ovate to oval, mostly glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy, hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long, caducous; median sepals 0.9-1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-1.2 mm, elliptic to obovate, abaxial surface sparsely hairy, hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long, caducous. Petals white to off-white, 1.5-2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-1 mm, erecto-patent to somewhat spreading, clawed; limb narrowly obovate, apex obtuse, occasionally emarginated. Stamens 2, equal. Nectaries 2, subulate, 0.35 mm long. Silicles cartilaginous when fresh, coriaceous when dry, 2.5-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-3.3 mm, elliptic or rhomboid, not winged, apex usually notched (rarely truncate), valves green maturing yellow-green, glabrous; style 0.1-0.3 mm long, exceeding the shallow notch (if notch present); stig
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<pageBreakToken pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">ma</pageBreakToken>
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0.3-0.5 mm diam. Seeds 2, narrowly ovoid, brown, red-brown to orange-brown, not winged, 1.25-1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.35-0.60 mm. FL. Nov-Feb. FR. Nov-Feb.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10789" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 51" startId="F51">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 51.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
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) flowering plants on the Snares in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1906" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="astonii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Poa astonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1909" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tennantiana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Poa tennantiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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grassland showing decumbent growth-habit (image: R. Ewans); (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
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) close up of young and emergent inflorescence (image: S. Lake).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10790" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 52" startId="F52">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 52.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
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) broad-leaved leaf variant (rosette leaves) (image: R. Ewans); (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
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) narrow-leaved variant (image: R. Ewans).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10791" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 53" startId="F53">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 53.</emphasis>
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Inflorescence of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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showing flowers and stamens (image: R. Ewans).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10792" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 54" startId="F54">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 54.</emphasis>
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Mature silicle of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. WELT SP077578. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="representative specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Representative Specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">New Zealand (Stewart Island/Rakiura):</emphasis>
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Kaimohu Island, 25 February 1965, B. A. Fineran s.n., (CANU 8703).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Snares Islands:</emphasis>
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No
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<pageBreakToken pageId="51" pageNumber="52" start="start">vember</pageBreakToken>
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1907, B.C. Aston s.n., (AK 4464, WELT SP027621, WELT SP027628); January 1909, B. C. Aston s.n., (WELT SP027623, WELT SP027624, WELT 27625, WELT SP027626); west coast between Signpost Hill and Razor Back, 29 November 1984, G. S. Hardy s.n., (WELT SP078810); on headland just below Signpost Hill, 29 November 1984, G. S. Hardy s.n., (WELT SP078811); December 1947, n. c.,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="52" pageNumber="53" start="start">R</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. C. Murphy Expedition, (WELT SP035432); December 1947, F. Newcombe s.n., (WELT SP09710); cliff edge, February 1961, B. Fineran s.n., (CANU 5949); cliff edge, February 1961, B. A. Fineran s.n., (CANU 5950); B. Fineran s.n., Feb 1961, cliff edge, CANU 5994; cliff edge, February 1961, B. A. Fineran s.n., (CANU 5995); cliff edge, February 1961, B. A. Fineran s.n., (CANU 6000A-6000B); Broughton Island, 4. November 1972, D. S Horning s.n., (CANU 18916); July 2002, P. Sagars.n., (AK 283482).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Auckland Islands:</emphasis>
|
||
January 1890, T. Kirk s.n., (WELT SP027634).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Distribution of Lepidium flexicaule (New Zealand distribution shown only), Lepidium juvencum, Lepidium limenophylax, Lepidium naufragorum and Lepidium obtusatum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10782" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic. New Zealand, South-western Titi (Muttonbird) Islands (Kaimohu Island), The Snares (North East, Broughton islands), and Auckland Islands.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is possibly also present on Pohowaitai Island (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B. A. Fineran</emphasis>
|
||
, 4 Mar 1965, CANU 8723) another of the south-western Titi (Muttonbird) Islands, although this collection, comprising sterile specimens of a whole young plant and a branch are inadequate to be certain. There are also additional unconfirmed observations of what may be this species from many of the other south-western Titi (Muttonbird) Islands (B.A. Fineran and B.D. Rance pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="recognition">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Recognition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recognised by the decumbent growth habit (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Lepidium limenophylax: (A) flowering plants on the Snares in Poa astonii / Poa tennantiana grassland showing decumbent growth-habit (image: R. Ewans); (B) close up of young and emergent inflorescence (image: S. Lake)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10789" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 51</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Lepidium limenophylax: (A) broad-leaved leaf variant (rosette leaves) (image: R. Ewans); (B) narrow-leaved variant (image: R. Ewans)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10790" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">, 52</figureCitation>
|
||
), with plants developing a distinct woody network of branches. New
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
|
||
growth arises from the nodes left from the previous
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
|
||
growth. In this species, the leaves are consistently lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, linear lanceolate or linear (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="F50" captionText="Figure 50. Holotype of Lepidium limenophylax de Lange, B. D. Rance et D. A. Norton." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10788" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 50</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Lepidium limenophylax: (A) flowering plants on the Snares in Poa astonii / Poa tennantiana grassland showing decumbent growth-habit (image: R. Ewans); (B) close up of young and emergent inflorescence (image: S. Lake)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10789" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">, 51B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Lepidium limenophylax: (A) broad-leaved leaf variant (rosette leaves) (image: R. Ewans); (B) narrow-leaved variant (image: R. Ewans)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10790" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">, 52</figureCitation>
|
||
), though slightly broader in seedlings and basal rosettes. The flowers have two stamens (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Inflorescence of Lepidium limenophylax showing flowers and stamens (image: R. Ewans)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10791" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is morphologically most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also has a decumbent growth habit and flowers with two stamens.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, linear lanceolate or linear leaves, rather than the spathulate to narrowly ovate or elliptic leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the silicles of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are elliptic, rhomboidal and unwinged (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Mature silicle of Lepidium limenophylax. WELT SP 077578. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10792" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
), rather than orbicular, obovate to ovoid and winged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
On the Snares,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been described as an occasional component of cliff top vegetation where it is stated to grow in association with living or dead
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1906" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="astonii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Poa astonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Petrie pedestals (and on occasion in association with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1909" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tennantiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Poa tennantiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Petrie and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pennell" authorityYear="1921" class="Aves" family="Primobucconidae" genus="Hebe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Hebe elliptica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(G.Forst.) Pennell), often near the feeding sites of brown skuas (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mathews" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Aves" family="Stercocariidae" genus="Stercorarius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lonnbergi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stercorarius lonnbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mathews, 1912) and occasionally around the nests of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Buller’s">Buller's</normalizedToken>
|
||
mollymawk (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Diomedeidae" genus="Thalassarche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Ciconiiformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Thalassarche</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">bulleri</emphasis>
|
||
(Rothschild, 1893)) or on dry peaty cliff tops (sometimes within the sandy quartz derived from the underlying granite) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fineran, BA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Botany)" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="237 - 270" refId="B37" refString="Fineran, BA, 1969. The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Botany) 17: 237 - 270" title="The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand." volume="17" year="1969">Fineran 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hay, C" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="861 - 872" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.2004.9512935" refId="B50" refString="Hay, C, Warham, J, Fineran, B, 2004. The vegetation of The Snares, islands south of New Zealand, mapped and discussed. New Zealand Journal of Botany 42: 861 - 872, 10.1080/0028825X.2004.9512935" title="The vegetation of The Snares, islands south of New Zealand, mapped and discussed." url="10.1080/0028825X.2004.9512935" volume="42" year="2004">Hay et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further inland, it was also reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fineran, BA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Botany)" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="237 - 270" refId="B37" refString="Fineran, BA, 1969. The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Botany) 17: 237 - 270" title="The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand." volume="17" year="1969">Fineran (1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 3) 'as uncommon... sometimes present on sites of old abandoned penguin rockeries, where it usually grew with great
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="vigour’">vigour'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Brian Rance (in litt.), on a visit to the islands in 2000, found that, as with
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fineran, BA" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Botany)" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="237 - 270" refId="B37" refString="Fineran, BA, 1969. The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Botany) 17: 237 - 270" title="The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand." volume="17" year="1969">Fineran (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was virtually confined to the north-western cliffs. More recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
failed to find it at any inland sites. All these authors and individuals noted
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as uncommon in other habitats, though a few plants have been noted near Boat Harbour growing in association with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1906" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="astonii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Poa astonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Aspleniaceae" genus="Asplenium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Polypodiopsida" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Asplenium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
G.Forst.and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pennell" authorityYear="1921" class="Aves" family="Primobucconidae" genus="Hebe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Hebe elliptica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in semi-open situations caused by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hooker’s">Hooker's</normalizedToken>
|
||
sea lions (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Phocarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Carnivora" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hookeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Phocarctos hookeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gray, 1844)) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; B. D. Rance pers. comm.). Very little is known about the associations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Kaimohu Island, though herbarium notes suggest that it grew there in association with what is probably
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see comments under that species), and B. A. Fineran (pers. comm.) noted that this species was present mostly along ridge crests and above cliff faces, always in association with the feeding sites of skua. Brian Rance (in litt.) has also observed plants apparently matching
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on several of the Titi (Muttonbird) islands south west of Stewart Island, usually growing along tracks in association with
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="54" pageNumber="55" start="start">a</pageBreakToken>
|
||
sparse ground cover of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apiaceae" genus="Apium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Umbelliflorae" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="prostratum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Apium prostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">prostratum</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">filiforme</emphasis>
|
||
(A.Rich.) Kirk,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Nertera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nertera depressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Banks et Sol. ex Gaertn and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petrie" authorityYear="1906" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="astonii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Poa astonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under semi-open
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Olearia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Olearia angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hook.f. /
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Olearia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyallii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Olearia lyallii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hook.f. short forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Conservation Status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
On the Snares
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies a very narrow habitat range scattered over four key areas and covering an area of 943 m2 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were unable to count or estimate population size stating that 'it was not possible to estimate the number of plants due to the tendency [of the species] to grow in patches and not [as] isolated
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="plants’">plants'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Nevertheless, they reported 'a good mix of mature and juvenile
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="plants’">plants'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Outside these islands, the status of this species on the Auckland and south-western Titi (Muttonbird) Islands is unknown. Previously,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lepidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
(c) (CANU 5995; Snares), had been listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250909509794" refId="B26" refString="de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Courtney, SP, Heenan, PB, Barkla, JW, Cameron, EK, Hitchmough, R, Townsend, AJ, 2009. Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61-96. ., 10.1080/00288250909509794" title="Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61 - 96." url="10.1080/00288250909509794" year="2009">de Lange et al. (2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 89) under Appendix 2 Taxonomically Indeterminate Listings, as 'Acutely Threatened/Nationally
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Critical’">Critical'</normalizedToken>
|
||
with the qualifiers
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘IE’">'IE'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Island Endemic) and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘RR’">'RR'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Range Restricted) appended. That assessment used data provided by B. D. Rance, on a visit to the Snares Islands in 2000.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a detailed update on the information obtained by Rance during a three week stay on the Snares between September and October 2010. They concluded that the species was in good health, and much more abundant than had been believed previously. While these observations suggest that this is probably a narrow-range species secure within its Snares stronghold, we recommend retention of the current threat listing of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250909509794" refId="B26" refString="de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Courtney, SP, Heenan, PB, Barkla, JW, Cameron, EK, Hitchmough, R, Townsend, AJ, 2009. Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61-96. ., 10.1080/00288250909509794" title="Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61 - 96." url="10.1080/00288250909509794" year="2009">de Lange et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a precautionary measure because: 1. Accurate information about the status of this species outside the Snares is absent (i.e. it is not a Snares endemic), 2. The total area of occupancy on the Snares is <1 ha (criterion A(3) in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Townsend, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="B86" refString="Townsend, AJ, de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, J, Miskelly, C, Duffy, C, 2008. The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/." title="The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http: // www. doc. govt. nz / publications / conservation / nz-threat-classification-system / nz-threat-classification-system-manual- 2008 /" year="2008">Townsend et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and 3. There is still no trend data available for the species. However, to reflect the observations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lake, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B61" refString="Lake, S, Evans, R, 2011. Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." title="Population census and monitoring of Lepidium aff. oleraceum (c) (CANU 5995; Snares Islands) on Snares Islands, October 2010. Department of Conservation File note, Invercargill." year="2011">Lake and Evans (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and our ongoing uncertainty about population trend and the status of this species outside the Snares we recommend that the addition of the qualifier
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘DP’">'DP'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Data Poor) to the current threat listing. It should also be noted that because
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from a number of islands and island groups it does not meet the definition of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘IE’">'IE'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Townsend, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="B86" refString="Townsend, AJ, de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, J, Miskelly, C, Duffy, C, 2008. The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/." title="The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http: // www. doc. govt. nz / publications / conservation / nz-threat-classification-system / nz-threat-classification-system-manual- 2008 /" year="2008">Townsend et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also should be qualified
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘CD’">'CD'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Conservation Dependent) because the largest known population occurs within a Nature Reserve and World Heritage site (The Snares) where it is vulnerable to the spread of disease, weed and rat incursions, all of which would have a profound impact on its long-term security. Because of these threats, which put at risk not only the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lepidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but all other Snares terrestrial biota, access to the islands is strictly controlled by the New Zealand Department of Conservation, which also undertakes regular biosecurity inspections of the island group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |