381 lines
48 KiB
XML
381 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="AC66EC6B5D7886474F59CFC756B04D1A" ID-CLB-Dataset="202083" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb97b9dd-2acc-4244-8f30-72bef07b9ed9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7345007" ID-ZooBank="5754769C-B747-4714-BDD9-7D5509D48BEB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669101340847" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="López-García, Margarita M. & Deloya, Cuauhtémoc" docDate="2022" docId="A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5211.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5211 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tomarus amazonicus López-García & Deloya 2022, new status and combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="5E303143FD5FFF81AF311956FFBEBC61" masterDocTitle="Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1699396337306" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2DFA052F0115769811DEAC04F7718707">Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="89475F086B929E1C4F3BF8B19DD53969">López-García, Margarita M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="34E8213B6F1F55B9A3451B3B0B630A1F" type="email">margaralopezg@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C3EEA3F66CEE780B3F7F8754FA0DEE4D">Deloya, Cuauhtémoc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6517C974C77CCFCD4EB13E18AB3B5D08" type="email">cuauhtemoc.deloya@inecol.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A802C132A49D8CC860F785CD42CC1204">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4DD115AB515D4D304BE6593E4757EC9F">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7383771" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205794516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7383771" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD69FFB7AFA61E07FC0CBB0B" box="[151,946,1872,1899]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD69FFB7AFA61E07FC0CBB0B" blockId="54.[151,946,1872,1935]" box="[151,946,1872,1899]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<heading id="71574F41FD69FFB7AFA61E07FC0CBB0B" bold="true" box="[151,946,1872,1899]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD69FFB7AFA61E07FC0CBB0B" bold="true" box="[151,946,1872,1899]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD69FFB7AFA61E07FDF3BB0B" authority="(Arrow, 1914)" authorityName="López-García & Deloya" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Arrow" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[151,589,1872,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus" status="new status and combination">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD69FFB7AFA61E07FE26BB0B" bold="true" box="[151,408,1872,1899]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tomarus amazonicus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD69FFB7AE991E06FDFBBB0B" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[424,581,1872,1898]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="257 - 276" refId="ref88236" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1914) Some further notes on lamellicorn beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 14 (81), 257 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931408693571" type="journal article" year="1914">Arrow, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03E79944FD69FFB7AD641E07FC0CBB0B" box="[597,946,1872,1899]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">new status and combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD69FFB7AFA61E22FDF2BBEE" box="[151,588,1908,1935]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD69FFB7AFA61E22FDF2BBEE" blockId="54.[151,946,1872,1935]" box="[151,588,1908,1935]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
(
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD69FFB7AFAE1E22FE98BBEE" box="[159,294,1908,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-24@86.[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stridulatory apparatus. A, D) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, B, E) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, C, F) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, G, K) Tomarus amazonicus, H, L) T. maimon, I, M) T. maternus, J, N) T. gyas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345035/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs. 8G, K</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD69FFB7AE001E22FEDCBBEF" box="[305,354,1908,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,189,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-17@91.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 16. Parameres in frontal view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon, J) T. maracaiboensis, K) T. maternus, L) T. pilcopataensis, M) T. pullus, N) T. pumilus, O) T. roigjunenti, P) T. rostratus, Q) T. selanderi, R) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345065/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">16B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD69FFB7AE5F1E23FE21BBEE" box="[366,415,1909,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1155,1179]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,188,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-24@94.[152,1436,181,1131]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 19. Parameres in lateral view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345079/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">19B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD69FFB7AE9A1E23FE63BBEE" box="[427,477,1909,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="98.[151,250,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,189,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-24@98.[151,1436,181,1704]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURE 23. Internal sac. A) Tomarus amazonicus, B) T. discrepans, C) T. laticaudus, D) T. maimon. Abbreviations: AL: Accessory lamellae, CL: Copulatory lamella, LSB: Lamellar spiny belt, Ra: Raspula, SD: Sclerotized diverticulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345091/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">23A</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD69FFB7AED81E23FDA4BBEE" box="[489,538,1909,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[158,1409,184,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-24@102.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 27. Habitus of the species of Tomarus: A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345103/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">27B</figureCitation>
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||
;
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||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD69FFB7AD171E23FDFDBBEE" box="[550,579,1909,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="111.[151,250,2012,2036]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,1123,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-31@111.[202,1386,1123,1988]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURE 42. Distributional records of Tomarus gyas and T. amazonicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345156/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">42</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD69FFB7AFA61EECFD9ABBB0" box="[151,548,1977,2001]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD69FFB7AFA61EECFD9ABBB0" blockId="54.[151,1437,1977,2032]" box="[151,548,1977,2001]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0AB0DF03FD69FFB7AFA61EECFD9ABBB0" box="[151,548,1977,2001]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<treatmentCitation id="AB01DE3CFD69FFB7AFA61EECFD9EBBB0" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[151,544,1977,2001]" page="273" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1914">
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD69FFB7AFA61EECFD9EBBB0" authority="Arrow, 1914: 273" authorityName="Arrow" authorityPageNumber="273" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,544,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD69FFB7AFA61EECFEDABBB0" box="[151,356,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ligyrus amazonicus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD69FFB7AE581EEFFD9EBBB0" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[361,544,1977,2001]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="257 - 276" refId="ref88236" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1914) Some further notes on lamellicorn beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 14 (81), 257 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931408693571" type="journal article" year="1914">Arrow, 1914: 273</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD69FFB6AD1B1EEFFA34BCAC" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD69FFB6AD1B1EEFFA34BCAC" blockId="54.[151,1437,1977,2032]" lastBlockId="55.[199,1436,150,205]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Female
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<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD69FFB7AD4D1EEFFD67BBB0" box="[636,729,1977,2001]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
(BMNH) “
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||
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD69FFB7AC7D1EEFFC7EBBB0" box="[844,960,1977,2001]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="syntype">SYNTYPE</typeStatus>
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||
// Ega / Braz. //
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD69FFB7AB5A1EEFFB04BBB0" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[1131,1210,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ligyrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="3CA633A4FD69FFB7ABF01EEFFB6ABBB1" box="[1217,1236,1977,2000]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD69FFB7ABD81EEFFA31BBB0" authority="Arr." authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1914" box="[1257,1423,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">amazonicus Arr.</taxonomicName>
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||
/ M.E. Bacchus det. 1970”
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD69FFB7AEFA1E8EFDCABB8E" bold="true" box="[459,628,2007,2032]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">here designated</emphasis>
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||
. Female
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||
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD69FFB7ADE01E8EFCE7BB91" box="[721,857,2008,2032]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(BMNH) “
|
||
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD69FFB7ACFA1E8EFB81BB91" box="[971,1087,2008,2032]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="syntype">SYNTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
//
|
||
<specimenCount id="3CA633A4FD69FFB7AB6B1E8EFBD3BB8E" box="[1114,1133,2008,2031]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
// Amazon / Bates // Fry Coll. /
|
||
<date id="5E1EDEEDFD68FFB6AFE419C0FE83BCCF" box="[213,317,150,174]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1100-05-19">19051100</date>
|
||
. // 19194 //
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||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD68FFB6AE8419C1FDBABCCE" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[437,516,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ligyrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
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||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD68FFB6AD2619C1FD03BCCE" authority="Arr." authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1914" box="[535,701,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">amazonicus Arr.</taxonomicName>
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||
/ M.E. Bacchus det. 1970”. Female
|
||
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD68FFB6AB1C19C1FB0BBCCE" box="[1069,1205,151,175]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(BMNH) “
|
||
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD68FFB6AA1919C1FA22BCCE" box="[1320,1436,151,175]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="syntype">SYNTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
// Obydos. / Lower Amazon. / 2. II. 9– / E.E. Austen. / 96--80 //
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||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD68FFB6AC6119E3FC21BCAC" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[848,927,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ligyrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="3CA633A4FD68FFB6AC9419E0FC06BCAC" box="[933,952,182,205]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD68FFB6ACFD19E3FBCFBCAC" authority="Arr." authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1914" box="[972,1137,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">amazonicus Arr.</taxonomicName>
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||
/ M.E. Bacchus det. 1970”.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD68FFB6AFA619ADFB03B86B" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD68FFB6AFA619ADFC38BF53" blockId="55.[151,1437,251,1826]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AFA619ADFE97BD74" bold="true" box="[151,297,251,277]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD68FFB6AEE019ADFD86BD77" box="[465,568,251,278]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[158,1409,184,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-24@102.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 27. Habitus of the species of Tomarus: A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345103/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
|
||
. Length 22.0–25.0 mm; humeral width 11.0–
|
||
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD68FFB6AB0E19ADFB18BD77" box="[1087,1190,251,278]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Color dark brown to black.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AFD01876FE94BD5B" bold="true" box="[225,298,288,314]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Frons and clypeus coarsely and densely rugose. Frontoclypeal region with 2 transverse tubercles separated by about 4.5 tubercle diameters. Clypeus narrowed towards apex, base 3 times wider than apex. Clypeal teeth triangular, separated by a tooth diameter. Mandible with 2 apical teeth and a lateral, narrowly rounded tooth. Mentum abruptly constricted at apical 3rd. Galea of maxilla with teeth 5 and 6 well developed. Interocular distance 3.5 times an eye width.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AE4A18E6FE43BDAB" bold="true" box="[379,509,432,458]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pronotum:</emphasis>
|
||
Surface with small punctures, denser and deeper on anterior and posterior angles. Apical tubercle small, rounded. Subapical fovea shallow, narrow (1/3 as wide as interocular distance), equal in both sexes, surface transversely rugose.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AD1618A1FD16BE70" bold="true" box="[551,680,503,529]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Scutellum:</emphasis>
|
||
With minute, sparse punctures.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AB2618AEFBD3BE73" bold="true" box="[1047,1133,504,530]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Elytra:</emphasis>
|
||
Punctures on first interval as large as those on other intervals. Inner surface of apex with rounded large tubercles forming 11–12 parallel lines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD68FFB6AFAE1B69FF46BE3B" box="[159,248,575,602]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-24@86.[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stridulatory apparatus. A, D) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, B, E) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, C, F) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, G, K) Tomarus amazonicus, H, L) T. maimon, I, M) T. maternus, J, N) T. gyas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345035/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 8K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AE3A1B69FE37BE38" bold="true" box="[267,393,575,601]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of tergite IV with a triangular wide area with large, rounded tubercles forming 18 diagonal parallel lines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD68FFB6AE501B35FE02BE1F" box="[353,444,611,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-24@86.[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stridulatory apparatus. A, D) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, B, E) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, C, F) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, G, K) Tomarus amazonicus, H, L) T. maimon, I, M) T. maternus, J, N) T. gyas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345035/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pygidium with dense rugosity on basal 3rd; apex rounded.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AB5B1B32FB7DBE1F" bold="true" box="[1130,1219,612,638]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Venter:</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of prosternal process flat, longitudinally oval to subrectangular. Metasternum with minute setae on anterior angles.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6ABCD1BDEFA80BEC3" bold="true" box="[1276,1342,648,674]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
Protibia tridentate, with a basal small denticle.Apex of metatibia crenulate, with 23–28 spinules.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AB5A1BFAFAA3BEA4" bold="true" box="[1131,1309,683,710]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Phallobase as long as parameres. Parameres with 1 dorsal tooth each side; tooth long, acute; apices roundly expanded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD68FFB6AA551B99FF76BF6C" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,189,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-17@91.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 16. Parameres in frontal view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon, J) T. maracaiboensis, K) T. maternus, L) T. pilcopataensis, M) T. pullus, N) T. pumilus, O) T. roigjunenti, P) T. rostratus, Q) T. selanderi, R) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345065/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD68FFB6AFE21BA2FEBBBF6F" box="[211,261,756,782]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1155,1179]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,188,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-24@94.[152,1436,181,1131]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 19. Parameres in lateral view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345079/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">19B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal sac with copulatory lamella and short lamellar spiny belt; with a complex of 8 spine-like accessory lamellae, without or with reduced granules at base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD68FFB6AC201A41FCC4BF53" box="[785,890,791,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="98.[151,250,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,189,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-24@98.[151,1436,181,1704]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURE 23. Internal sac. A) Tomarus amazonicus, B) T. discrepans, C) T. laticaudus, D) T. maimon. Abbreviations: AL: Accessory lamellae, CL: Copulatory lamella, LSB: Lamellar spiny belt, Ra: Raspula, SD: Sclerotized diverticulum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345091/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD68FFB6AFF61A6DFB03B86B" blockId="55.[151,1437,251,1826]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AFF61A6DFE00BF37" bold="true" box="[199,446,827,854]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD68FFB6AC101A6AFC03BF37" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[801,957,828,854]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="257 - 276" refId="ref88236" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1914) Some further notes on lamellicorn beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 14 (81), 257 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931408693571" type="journal article" year="1914">Arrow (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and then synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD68FFB6ABDE1A6DFA22BF34" author="Endrodi, S." box="[1263,1436,827,853]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref89768" refString="Endrodi, S. (1969) Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, 37, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD68FFB6AFEE1A36FE91BF18" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1848" box="[223,303,864,889]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gyas">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AFEE1A36FE91BF18" box="[223,303,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">T. gyas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the approximate shape of the parameres and difficulty to delimitate the differences on the shape of pronotal fovea and protibia. Despite the convergence in the shape of parameres, the phylogenetic analysis evidenced that this species is not close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD68FFB6AD5E1AFEFD00BFA0" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1848" box="[623,702,936,961]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gyas">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AD5E1AFEFD00BFA0" box="[623,702,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">T. gyas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and they are different in several characters, such as the shape of the frontal tubercles, setation on the metasternum, the stridulatory apparatus, and the internal sac of the aedeagus. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD68FFB6AE251AA6FE0DB868" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1914" box="[276,435,1008,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AE251AA6FE0DB868" box="[276,435,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">T. amazonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is treated here as a valid species and classified in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD68FFB6AB641AA6FB08B868" baseAuthorityName="sensu Moron & Grossi" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1109,1206,1008,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AB641AA6FB08B868" box="[1109,1206,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Tomarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD68FFB6AFF61D45FC64B8DF" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD68FFB6AFF61D45FC64B8DF" blockId="55.[151,1437,251,1826]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AFF61D45FEFCB84C" bold="true" box="[199,322,1043,1069]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD68FFB6AE791D42FD8AB84C" authorityName="López-García & Deloya" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Arrow" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[328,564,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AE791D42FD8AB84C" box="[328,564,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Tomarus amazonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recognized by the following character combination: frontoclypeal tubercles transverse; pronotal tubercle small and rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD68FFB6ADF21D61FC95B833" box="[707,811,1079,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[158,1409,184,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-24@102.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 27. Habitus of the species of Tomarus: A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345103/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
|
||
); subapical fovea shallow, narrow (1/3 as wide as interocular distance), equal in both sexes; metasternum with minute setae on anterior angles; protibia tridentate and with an additional basal denticle; apex of metatibia with 23–28 spinules; parameres with a long, acute tooth on each side, apical half strongly contracted, apices roundly expanded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD68FFB6AC2E1DF5FC31B8DC" box="[799,911,1187,1213]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1633,1657]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,189,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-17@91.[151,1436,181,1610]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 16. Parameres in frontal view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon, J) T. maracaiboensis, K) T. maternus, L) T. pilcopataensis, M) T. pullus, N) T. pumilus, O) T. roigjunenti, P) T. rostratus, Q) T. selanderi, R) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345065/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD68FFB6ACAA1DF2FC72B8DF" box="[923,972,1188,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1155,1179]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,188,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-24@94.[152,1436,181,1131]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 19. Parameres in lateral view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345079/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">19B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD68FFB6AFF61D91FE43BB43" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD68FFB6AFF61D91FB83B880" blockId="55.[151,1437,251,1826]" box="[199,1085,1223,1250]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AFF61D91FEDFB880" bold="true" box="[199,353,1223,1249]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Amazon region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD68FFB6AD081D91FD3EB880" box="[569,640,1223,1249]" name="Brazil" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD68FFB6ADBA1D91FD5EB880" box="[651,736,1223,1249]" name="Bolivia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD68FFB6ADDD1D9EFC9CB883" box="[748,802,1224,1250]" name="Peru" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD68FFB6AC1C1D91FC32B880" box="[813,908,1223,1249]" name="Ecuador" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD68FFB6ACF71D91FB86B880" box="[966,1080,1223,1249]" name="Colombia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD68FFB6AFF61DBDFA98BABB" blockId="55.[151,1437,251,1826]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AFF61DBDFE45B964" bold="true" box="[199,507,1259,1286]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Locality records (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD68FFB6AEA81DBDFE50B964" box="[409,494,1259,1285]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="111.[151,250,2012,2036]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,1123,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-31@111.[202,1386,1123,1988]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURE 42. Distributional records of Tomarus gyas and T. amazonicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345156/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD68FFB6AD321DBDFA9CBABB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696702" collectionCode="BMNH, CEIOC, CERPE, FSCA, IAvH, ICN, KRB, MN, UFRJ, MZUSP, SENASA, UNAB, UNSM, USNM, CMNC" collectorName="da Preta & de Alenquer" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" location="Rio Gregorio" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="462" stateProvince="Junin">
|
||
<specimenCount id="3CA633A4FD68FFB6AD321DBDFD17B964" box="[515,681,1259,1285]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="generic">462 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
examined from
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6AC501DBAFC06B967" box="[865,952,1260,1286]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6ACF21DBAFBA4B967" box="[963,1050,1260,1286]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">CEIOC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6AB141DBAFBC1B967" box="[1061,1151,1260,1286]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">CERPE</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6ABBA1DBAFB6AB967" box="[1163,1236,1260,1286]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6ABEE1DBAFA9EB967" box="[1247,1312,1260,1286]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">IAvH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6AA1A1DBAFAE0B967" box="[1323,1374,1260,1286]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">ICN</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6AA581DBAFF6DB94B" country="Indonesia" name="Kebun Raya Bogor" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Herbarium">MEKRB</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6AFEF1C46FEB2B94B" box="[222,268,1296,1322]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">MN</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6AE251C46FEE9B94B" box="[276,343,1296,1322]" country="Brazil" name="Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Herbarium">UFRJ</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6AE501C46FE00B94B" box="[353,446,1296,1322]" country="Brazil" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6AEF91C46FD86B94B" box="[456,568,1296,1322]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">SENASA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6AD731C46FD2AB94B" box="[578,660,1296,1322]" country="Colombia" name="Universidad Nacional, Facultad de Agronomia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">UNAB</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6ADAE1C46FD4DB94B" box="[671,755,1296,1322]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34868" name="University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">UNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6AC1A1C46FC3EB94B" box="[811,896,1296,1322]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
. Some records from
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CB160E8FD68FFB6AB521C46FB0BB94B" box="[1123,1205,1296,1322]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">CMNC</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD68FFB6ABDB1C59FA26B948" author="Endrodi, S." box="[1258,1432,1295,1321]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref89768" refString="Endrodi, S. (1969) Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, 37, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AFA61C65FE76B92C" bold="true" box="[151,456,1331,1357]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD68FFB6AFA61C65FEB1B92C" box="[151,271,1331,1357]" name="Bolivia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(11). Beni (10):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Riberalta; Rurrenabaque; Trinidad; Vaca Diez.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6ACEE1C62FB1FB92C" bold="true" box="[991,1185,1331,1358]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Buena Vista (1):</emphasis>
|
||
Tacaraundi.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AA031C65FEEFB910" bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD68FFB6AA031C65FA22B92C" box="[1330,1436,1331,1357]" name="Brazil" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
(319). Acre (3):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="C37E80A1FD68FFB6AE6D1C01FDA6B910" box="[348,536,1367,1393]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cruzeiro do Sul</collectingCounty>
|
||
; Porto Walter; Vila Fejo.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AC771C01FBACB910" bold="true" box="[838,1042,1367,1393]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Amazonas (118):</emphasis>
|
||
Benjamin Constant;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="CA7B6257FD68FFB6AA381C0EFF46B9F4" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Boca do Rio Madeira</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
; Borba; Coari; Codota’s; Curucuri; Guajará; Ipixuna,
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AC501C2DFC42B9F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AC501C2DFC42B9F4" box="[865,1020,1403,1429]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Rio Gregorio" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">Rio Gregorio</location>
|
||
; Itacoatiára; Lago Januaca; Manaus;
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AFA61CC9FEADB9D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AFA61CC9FEADB9D8" box="[151,275,1439,1465]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Rio Japula" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">Rio Japula</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AE111CC9FE7AB9D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AE111CC9FE7AB9D8" box="[288,452,1439,1465]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Rio Liberdade" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">Rio Liberdade</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AEE01CC9FD37B9DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AEE01CC9FD37B9DB" box="[465,649,1439,1466]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Estirao da Preta" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">
|
||
Estirao
|
||
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD68FFB6AD181CC9FD37B9DB" box="[553,649,1439,1466]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">da Preta</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6ADA41CC9FC91B9D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6ADA41CC9FC91B9D8" box="[661,815,1439,1465]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Rio Salimoes" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">Rio Salimoes</location>
|
||
, entre Lago Jacaré e Purus;
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AB401CF6FA26B9DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AB401CF6FA26B9DB" box="[1137,1432,1439,1466]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Sao Sebastian do Uatuma" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">São Sebastian do Uatuma</location>
|
||
; Tabatinga; Tefé (Ega).
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AEAD1C94FD9AB9BC" bold="true" box="[412,548,1474,1501]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pará (125):</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AD1D1C92FCC5B9BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AD1D1C92FCC5B9BF" box="[556,891,1475,1502]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Boca do Lago de Terra Santa" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">Boca do Lago de Terra Santa</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6ACB61C95FBFBB9BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6ACB61C95FBFBB9BC" box="[903,1093,1475,1501]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Ilha do Itanduba" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">Ilha do Itanduba</location>
|
||
; Maicurú; Obidos; Oriximiná; Paraná
|
||
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD68FFB6AFDD1CB1FEC4BA60" box="[236,378,1511,1537]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">de Alenquer</collectorName>
|
||
; Prainha;
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AEDC1CB1FDEBBA63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AEDC1CB1FDEBBA63" box="[493,597,1511,1538]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Rio Paru" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">Rio Paru</location>
|
||
; Santarém.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6ADED1CB1FC2CBA60" bold="true" box="[732,914,1511,1537]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rondônia (73):</emphasis>
|
||
Guapore; Porto Velho,
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AB931CB1FA8ABA60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AB931CB1FA8ABA60" box="[1186,1332,1511,1537]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Rio Madeira" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">Rio Madeira</location>
|
||
; Samuel.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AFA61F5DFE80BA44" bold="true" box="[151,318,1547,1573]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Tocantins (1):</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AE761F5DFDA8BA44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AE761F5DFDA8BA44" box="[327,534,1547,1573]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Buriti do Tocantis" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">Buriti do Tocantis</location>
|
||
, Assentamento Ouro Verde,
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AC6C1F5DFBF7BA47" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AC6C1F5DFBF7BA47" box="[861,1097,1547,1574]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Chacara da Bisa. No" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">
|
||
Chacára da Bisa.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AB161F5AFBF7BA47" bold="true" box="[1063,1097,1548,1574]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">No</emphasis>
|
||
</location>
|
||
data (6).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD68FFB6ABF11F5DFAE3BA44" box="[1216,1373,1547,1573]" name="Colombia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(41). Amazonas (22): Leticia; Leticia (
|
||
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD68FFB6AD2B1F66FDDBBA28" box="[538,613,1583,1610]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
N); Purité, San Juan.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AC551F78FBB4BA28" bold="true" box="[868,1034,1582,1609]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Caquetá (19):</emphasis>
|
||
Florencia;
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6ABBC1F66FA8CBA2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6ABBC1F66FA8CBA2B" box="[1165,1330,1584,1610]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Rio Orteguaza" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">Río Orteguaza</location>
|
||
near
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AA451F66FF4EBA0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AA451F66FF4EBA0F" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Rio Peneya." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">Río Peneya.</location>
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AFC91F05FDF3BA0C" bold="true" box="[248,589,1619,1646]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD68FFB6AFC91F05FE38BA0C" box="[248,390,1619,1645]" name="Ecuador" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
(18). Napo (15):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AD671F02FC08BA0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD69FFB6AFA61E07FE43BB43:2F7FAEF6FD68FFB6AD671F02FC08BA0C" box="[598,950,1619,1646]" country="Bolivia" county="Cruzeiro do Sul" municipality="Boca do Rio Madeira" name="Jatun Sacha Biological Station" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Junin">Jatun Sacha Biological Station</location>
|
||
; Lago Agrio (
|
||
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD68FFB6AB671F02FB21BA0C" box="[1110,1183,1619,1646]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="km" value="18.0">18 km</quantity>
|
||
E); Misahualli Jungle Lodge.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AFDD1F21FE73BAF0" bold="true" box="[236,461,1655,1682]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Imprecise data (3):</emphasis>
|
||
Quito.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AD111F2EFC9ABAF0" bold="true" box="[544,804,1654,1682]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD68FFB6AD111F2EFDD2BAF3" box="[544,620,1656,1682]" name="Peru" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
(72).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD68FFB6AD9E1F20FD4DBAF0" box="[687,755,1654,1681]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Junín</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Satipo, Huancayo.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6ACCC1F2EFB32BAF0" bold="true" box="[1021,1164,1655,1682]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD68FFB6ACCC1F2EFBF3BAF3" box="[1021,1101,1656,1682]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Loreto</collectingRegion>
|
||
(55):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Iquitos; Explorama Inn; Jungle Amazon Inn; Maynas; Yanamono.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AD411FCCFCB0BAD4" bold="true" box="[624,782,1690,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD68FFB6AD411FCCFD63BAD4" box="[624,733,1690,1717]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Huánuco</collectingRegion>
|
||
(7):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Marañón; Tingo María.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AB171FCAFAB6BAD4" bold="true" box="[1062,1288,1691,1718]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD68FFB6AB171FCAFB69BAD4" box="[1062,1239,1691,1718]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
(6):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Reserva Nacional Tambopata.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AE5D1FE9FE46BAB8" bold="true" box="[364,504,1727,1753]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD68FFB6AE5D1FE9FE78BAB8" box="[364,454,1727,1753]" country="Peru" name="Ucayali" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ucayali</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Laguna Yarinacocha.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6ADC01F96FB1DBAB8" bold="true" box="[753,1187,1727,1754]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">No data (2). IMPRECISE DATA (2).</emphasis>
|
||
Amazonas
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD68FFB6AFF61FB2FE43BB43" blockId="55.[151,1437,251,1826]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD68FFB6AFF61FB2FE39BA9C" bold="true" box="[199,391,1763,1790]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is restricted to the Amazon rainforest between
|
||
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD68FFB6AB0E1FB5FB6FBA9F" box="[1087,1233,1763,1790]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="675.0" valueMax="1050.0" valueMin="300.0">300–1050 m</quantity>
|
||
. Some specimens were collected using light traps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |