389 lines
53 KiB
XML
389 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="7893D42A23542869A3066E0FB0D3733B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3884.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f62e1b86-f6ed-4099-8953-3805a95ad636" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287442" ID-ZooBank="2F08C408-528D-405C-92E2-27FFCCA95720" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460964365323" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Daniele, Scarponi, Landau, Bernard, Janssen, Ronald, Morgenroth, Holly & Bella, Giano Della" docDate="2014" docId="03973364FFBAFF866797FB0BFD203663" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03884p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3884 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bela nebula" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFAE4B1CFFBFFF806700FFC4FFF6304F" masterDocTitle="Lectotype designation for Murex nebula Montagu 1803 (Mangeliidae) and its implications for Bela Leach in Gray 1847" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698557641730" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="76881D6C17F4F4497BD7BF53DF1AE6A7">
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<mods:title id="D4D9D430132CF134FC367F13E13343DB">Lectotype designation for Murex nebula Montagu 1803 (Mangeliidae) and its implications for Bela Leach in Gray 1847</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="061B6E1C624DF24072B2E54A07BB0CB4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="23496EA94E77B9B12889AA04E3CBDDE5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B243575369987AD4FDB4091B307D32FC">Daniele, Scarponi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2CF3F8DCA556B556A56D4EBFE1FE9189">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8DA8EC31E824E2959AF3CF3585D8B092">Landau, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="AB070478E3A22B03EFE45BB91D6B48A6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="350D2D5F265D1F1566D5B0AB19E756CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B659E208A070BE149FE9285674FBB7F3">Janssen, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3C098B8E0160A3958ABFC04042D091C5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C7E1433D1160CF15FCFFFD4406A59696">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="647A1AADC8BB104DB137802A7E0B9207">Morgenroth, Holly</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="72898676882B88C58422FF06957560AC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BB9C7819887CAE7BFBE1B958541F5759">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1368C5A8F5605E8EA32E625D24AF0756">Bella, Giano Della</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B96A11435E661DCA85DAF936E167EA8E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5927545D975126661DDB4ED89C2E031B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3A9806D18C7041BF857B0FB2479E70BB">
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<mods:date id="09C5B84E87A4980238ADA697EB94F5D9">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="560C0A961B1FE0233FF874E5AAE07B10" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BAC827293F90349B0E12D706888A2758">3884</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="16AE7028B560F2DD8CAAE695485B84F8" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5DA9C1B4ADBC48F6DBB2B876F67049DC">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="BF0C70538CAAB05CACB43D20161BFB87">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7F399E3548268A5A981AA1B1963E2800" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3884.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CC71346F2137AB17E9512A2727EE41D2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="85411080609CCCF05353B3D336073629" type="Zenodo-Dep">287442</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03973364FFBAFF866797FB0BFD203663" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6494762" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127670752" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6494762" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03973364FFBAFF866797FB0BFD203663" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03973364FFBAFF866797FB0BFD203663" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="C324D1F9FFBAFF866797FB0BFD11348A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B818272FFBAFF856797FB0BFC8534A6" blockId="5.[151,883,1231,1258]" box="[151,883,1231,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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<heading id="D0C9351EFFBAFF856797FB0BFC8534A6" bold="true" box="[151,883,1231,1258]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF856797FB0BFC8534A6" bold="true" box="[151,883,1231,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF856797FB0BFEDE34A6" ID-CoL="68GVD" box="[151,296,1231,1257]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nebula">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF856797FB0BFEDE34A6" bold="true" box="[151,296,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Bela nebula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="54853CD0FFBAFF85662FFB14FE5934A5" box="[303,431,1232,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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: implications for
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF85658AFB0BFD3734A6" box="[650,705,1231,1257]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF85658AFB0BFD3734A6" bold="true" box="[650,705,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Bela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF8565FFFB0BFC8534A6" box="[767,883,1231,1257]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Mangelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF8565FFFB0BFC8534A6" bold="true" box="[767,883,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Mangelia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B818272FFBAFF856797FAD2FCEB35F0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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Although the number of species included in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF856409FAD2FCCA3560" box="[777,828,1302,1327]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF856409FAD2FCCA3560" box="[777,828,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Bela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been drastically reduced during the last decades,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF856797FAFEFF3D351C" box="[151,203,1338,1363]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF856797FAFEFF3D351C" box="[151,203,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Bela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may still represent several distinct genus-level groups. Doubts on its monophyly have been expressed, in particular concerning
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF85668DFA9AFCB83538" authority="Philippi, 1844" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1844" box="[397,846,1374,1399]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Pleurotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brachystoma">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF85668DFA9AFD5E3538" box="[397,680,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Pleurotoma brachystoma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFBAFF8565AFFA9AFCB83538" author="Philippi" box="[687,846,1374,1399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1844) Enumeratio Molluscorum Siciliae cum Viventium tum in Tellure Tertiaria Fossilium quae in Itinere suo Observavit Auctor. Volumen Secundum Continens Addenda et Emendanda, nec non Comparationem Faunae Recentis Siciliae cum Faunis Aliarum Terrarum et cum Fauna Periodi Tertiariae. E. Anton, Halis Saxonum, iv + 303 pp." type="book" year="1844">Philippi, 1844</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and related species (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFBAFF856365FA9AFAAE3538" author="Mariottini" box="[1125,1368,1374,1399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Mariottini, P., Di Giulio, A., Smriglio, C. & Oliverio, M. (2008) Notes on the Bela brachystoma complex, with description of a new species (Mollusca, Gastropoda,; Conidae). Aldrovandia, 4, 3 - 20." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Mariottini
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF8563DEFA9BFAE13538" box="[1246,1303,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFBAFF856264FA9BFA6A3538" author="Mariottini" box="[1380,1436,1375,1399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Mariottini, P., Smriglio, C., Di Giulio, A. & Oliverio, M. (2009) A new fossil conoidean from the Pliocene of Italy with comments on the Bela menkhorsti complex (Gastropoda: Conidae). Journal of Conchology, 40, 5 - 14." type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
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for further details). The species illustrated in figures 2A–I and 2M–
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<collectingCountry id="F329C2E2FFBAFF856488FA47FC6A35D4" box="[904,924,1411,1435]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">O</collectingCountry>
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give an idea of the broad morphological shell variability seen in the genus
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF8566D8FA62FDE435F0" box="[472,530,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF8566D8FA62FDF835F0" box="[472,526,1446,1471]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bela</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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as currently conceived.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B818272FFBAFF8567C7FA0EFE5D3794" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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The designation of a
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<typeStatus id="54853CD0FFBAFF8566C3FA0EFDDF35AC" box="[451,553,1482,1507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF856560FA08FD3935AC" box="[608,719,1482,1507]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nebula">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF856560FA08FD3935AC" box="[608,719,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">B. nebula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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allows closer constraint on the usage of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF8563B6FA0EFACF35AC" authority="Leach" authorityName="Leach" box="[1206,1337,1482,1507]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF8563B6FA0EFB1C35AC" box="[1206,1258,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Bela</emphasis>
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Leach
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFBAFF856264FA0FFF073648" author="Gray" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Gray, J. E. (1847 a) The classification of the British Mollusca, by W. E. Leach, M. D. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20, 267 - 273. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 037454809496042" type="journal article" year="1847" yearSuffix="a">Gray (1847a)</bibRefCitation>
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. The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF856683FA2AFE413648" box="[387,439,1518,1543]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF856683FA2AFE413648" box="[387,439,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Bela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should include species with small shells (commonly shell height <
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<quantity id="4CC62F97FFBAFF8563DAFA2AFAD33648" box="[1242,1317,1518,1543]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="15.0">15mm</quantity>
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), with the protoconch nucleus smooth; if multispiral (i.e., whorls> 2), the protoconch whorls are smooth, except for the last where low, curved axial riblets are overrun by a few rows of obsolete spiral elements forming swollen tubercles at the intersection. Micropustules are sometimes present, especially in proximity to the protoconch-teleoconch junction. The teleoconch is generally fusiform with the spire whorls of slight to medium convexity, hence giving the spire a conical profile. Sutures are commonly bordered by a subsutural, slightly swollen collar. On the teleoconch, the axial sculpture is predominant and extending between the sutures, whereas the numerous spiral elements are subdued and commonly interrupted by dense growth lines. In addition, dense micropustules cover the remaining teleoconch surface. The aperture is lanceolate, elongated, with a thin outer lip smooth inside. The siphonal canal is short and the anal sinus is shallow and placed on the subsutural ramp. Examples of species we consider belonging to
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF85669EF892FE243720" box="[414,466,1878,1903]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF85669EF892FE243720" box="[414,466,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Bela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF856513F893FC5E3720" authority="Pallary 1904" authorityName="Pallary" authorityYear="1904" box="[531,936,1878,1903]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Ginnania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taprurensis">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF856513F893FCF13721" box="[531,775,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Ginnania taprurensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFBAFF856412F892FC5E3720" author="Pallary" box="[786,936,1878,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Pallary, P. (1904) Addition a la faune malacologique du Golfe de Gabes. Journal de Conchyliologie, 52, 212 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13040" type="journal article" year="1904">Pallary 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF8564B8F892FE9237DC" authority="Deshayes 1835 sensu Nordsieck (1977)" authorityName="Deshayes 1835 sensu Nordsieck" authorityYear="1977" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Pleurotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fuscata">
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF8564B8F892FB6E3720" box="[952,1176,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Pleurotoma fuscata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFBAFF8563A3F892FAA43720" author="Deshayes" box="[1187,1362,1878,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Deshayes, G. P. (1835) Expedition Scientifique de Moree. Vol. 3. Mollusques. Bertrand, Paris, 123 pp. [pp. 81 - 203]" type="book chapter" year="1835">Deshayes 1835</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF85625EF893FA6A3721" box="[1374,1436,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFBAFF856797F8BEFE9237DC" author="Nordsieck" box="[151,356,1914,1939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Nordsieck, F. (1977) The Turridae of the European Seas. La Piramide, Rome, 131 pp." type="book" year="1977">Nordsieck (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13059EF7FFBAFF85667BF8BEFE2737DC" box="[379,465,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[240,1356,195,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[240,1357,195,1839]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Optical microscope photos of teleoconch features; scale bars 1 mm. A – C) Bela fuscata (Deshayes, 1835) sensu Nordsieck (1977), from Punta Ala (Grosseto, Italy). D) Bela brachystoma (Philippi, 1844) from Djerba (Tunisia), and (F – G) from Porto Azzurro (Leghorn, Italy). G – I) † Bela hispidula (Bellardi, 1847) from Formello Quarry (Rome, Italy). J – L) Mangelia striolata Risso, 1826 from Procida Island (Naples, Italy). SEM photos of protoconch features; scale bar 0.1 mm. M) B. fuscata from Punta Pioppeto (Naples, Italy). N) B. brachystoma from Elba Island (Grosseto, Italy). O) † B. hispidula from Ca’ Lametta (Bologna, Italy). P) M. striolata from Djerba (Tunisia). Symbol: † fossil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287444/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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A–C, M);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF856555F8BEFC2437DC" authority="Locard 1891" authorityName="Locard" authorityYear="1891" box="[597,978,1914,1939]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Raphitoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF856555F8BEFCDC37DC" box="[597,810,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Raphitoma zonata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFBAFF856439F8BEFC2437DC" author="Locard" box="[825,978,1914,1939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Locard, A. (1891) Les coquilles marines des cotes de France. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, 37, 1 - 385. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14011" type="journal article" year="1891">Locard 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF8564E6F8B8FAD437DC" authority="Locard 1891" authorityName="Locard" authorityYear="1891" box="[998,1314,1914,1939]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Raphitoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="decussata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF8564E6F8B8FB8D37DC" box="[998,1147,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">R. decussata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFBAFF85638BF8BEFAD437DC" author="Locard" box="[1163,1314,1914,1939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Locard, A. (1891) Les coquilles marines des cotes de France. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, 37, 1 - 385. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14011" type="journal article" year="1891">Locard 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFBAFF856269F8BEFCFB37F8" authority="Naldi, Della Bella & Scarponi, 2013" authorityName="Naldi, Della Bella & Scarponi" authorityYear="2013" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudoappeliusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF856269F8BEFEBB37F8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Bela pseudoappeliusi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFBAFF856659F85AFCFB37F8" author="Naldi" box="[345,781,1950,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Naldi, F., Della Bella, G. & Scarponi, D. (2013) Descrizione di Bela pseudoappeliusi n. sp. (Neogastropoda, Mangeliidae) dal Plio- Pleistocene dell'Italia. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 52, 71 - 79. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4435 / BSPI. 2013.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Naldi, Della Bella & Scarponi, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; we refer to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFBAFF8564ADF85AFBA437F8" author="Tucker" box="[941,1106,1950,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Tucker, J. K. (2004) Catalog of Recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa, 682, 1 - 1295." type="journal article" year="2004">Tucker (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFBAFF856392F85AFA9937F8" box="[1170,1391,1950,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" refString="Naldi, F., Della Bella, G. & Scarponi, D. (2013) Descrizione di Bela pseudoappeliusi n. sp. (Neogastropoda, Mangeliidae) dal Plio- Pleistocene dell'Italia. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 52, 71 - 79. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4435 / BSPI. 2013.1" type="journal article">
|
||
Naldi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFBAFF8563DCF85BFAE437F8" box="[1244,1298,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for iconographic references.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B818272FFB9FF8667C7FF5CFD75322F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329C2E2FFB9FF8667C7FF5CFF1030FF" box="[199,230,152,176]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
mentioned above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8666D7FF53FC5A30FF" authority="Philippi 1844" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1844" box="[471,940,151,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Pleurotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brachystoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8666D7FF53FD0A30FF" box="[471,764,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Pleurotoma brachystoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF86640CFF53FC5A30FF" author="Philippi" box="[780,940,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1844) Enumeratio Molluscorum Siciliae cum Viventium tum in Tellure Tertiaria Fossilium quae in Itinere suo Observavit Auctor. Volumen Secundum Continens Addenda et Emendanda, nec non Comparationem Faunae Recentis Siciliae cum Faunis Aliarum Terrarum et cum Fauna Periodi Tertiariae. E. Anton, Halis Saxonum, iv + 303 pp." type="book" year="1844">Philippi 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13059EF7FFB9FF8664C5FF53FBED30FF" box="[965,1051,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[240,1356,195,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[240,1357,195,1839]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Optical microscope photos of teleoconch features; scale bars 1 mm. A – C) Bela fuscata (Deshayes, 1835) sensu Nordsieck (1977), from Punta Ala (Grosseto, Italy). D) Bela brachystoma (Philippi, 1844) from Djerba (Tunisia), and (F – G) from Porto Azzurro (Leghorn, Italy). G – I) † Bela hispidula (Bellardi, 1847) from Formello Quarry (Rome, Italy). J – L) Mangelia striolata Risso, 1826 from Procida Island (Naples, Italy). SEM photos of protoconch features; scale bar 0.1 mm. M) B. fuscata from Punta Pioppeto (Naples, Italy). N) B. brachystoma from Elba Island (Grosseto, Italy). O) † B. hispidula from Ca’ Lametta (Bologna, Italy). P) M. striolata from Djerba (Tunisia). Symbol: † fossil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287444/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F, N) and allied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF866219FF53FE12309A" authority="Brugnone 1862" authorityName="Brugnone" authorityYear="1862" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Pleurotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scalariforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF866219FF53FED0309A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Pleurotoma scalariforme</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF866630FF79FE12309A" author="Brugnone" box="[304,484,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Brugnone, G. A. (1862) Memoria Sopra Alcuni Pleurotomi Fossili dei Dintorni di Palermo. F. Lao, Palermo, 41 pp." type="book" year="1862">Brugnone 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8666F3FF78FCF6309A" authority="Pavia 1976" authorityName="Pavia" authorityYear="1976" box="[499,768,188,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nitida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8666F3FF78FD84309A" box="[499,626,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Bela nitida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF86657DFF78FCF6309A" author="Pavia" box="[637,768,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Pavia, G. (1976) I molluschi del Pliocene inferiore di Monteu Roero (Alba, Italia NW). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 14, 99 - 175." type="journal article" year="1976">Pavia 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF86640FFF79FBB3309B" authority="Ardovini 2008" authorityName="Ardovini" authorityYear="2008" box="[783,1093,188,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF86640FFF79FC67309B" box="[783,913,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">B. africana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF86649BFF78FBB3309B" author="Ardovini" box="[923,1093,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Ardovini, R. (2008) Bela africana n. sp. (Gastropoda Turridae) West Africa, Senegal. Malacologia 58, 12 - 13." type="journal article" year="2008">Ardovini 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF866354FF79FA92309B" authority="Ardovini 2004" authorityName="Ardovini" authorityYear="2004" box="[1108,1380,188,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF866354FF79FB44309A" box="[1108,1202,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">B. exilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF8663BCFF78FA92309B" author="Ardovini" box="[1212,1380,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Ardovini, R. (2004) Due nuove specie e una nuova sottospecie di Turridae da Senegal. Malacologia 43, 7 - 9." type="journal article" year="2004">Ardovini 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF866797FF1BFEDF30B7" author="Tucker" box="[151,297,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Tucker, J. K. (2004) Catalog of Recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa, 682, 1 - 1295." type="journal article" year="2004">Tucker 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF866669FF1BFD9E30B7" author="Mariottini" box="[361,616,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Mariottini, P., Di Giulio, A., Smriglio, C. & Oliverio, M. (2008) Notes on the Bela brachystoma complex, with description of a new species (Mollusca, Gastropoda,; Conidae). Aldrovandia, 4, 3 - 20." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Mariottini
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8666E7FF25FDD230B7" box="[487,548,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for iconographic references), even though often referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF866234FF1BFA9130B7" box="[1332,1383,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF866234FF1BFA9130B7" box="[1332,1383,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Bela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are dubiously attributed to it (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF8666F2FEC0FD113153" author="Mariottini" box="[498,743,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Mariottini, P., Di Giulio, A., Smriglio, C. & Oliverio, M. (2008) Notes on the Bela brachystoma complex, with description of a new species (Mollusca, Gastropoda,; Conidae). Aldrovandia, 4, 3 - 20." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Mariottini
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF86656BFEC1FD553152" box="[619,675,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These species have very small shells (shell height <
|
||
<quantity id="4CC62F97FFB9FF866244FEC0FA793153" box="[1348,1423,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="10.0">10mm</quantity>
|
||
), with protoconch ornamentation similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8665CDFEEDFCCC310F" box="[717,826,295,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nebula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8665CDFEEDFCCC310F" box="[717,826,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">B. nebula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except the sculpture on the last protoconch whorl is stronger, the tubercles are pointed at the intersection with the axials, and extend over more of the surface. With respect to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF86660CFEABFE6231C7" box="[268,404,367,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nebula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF86660CFEABFE6231C7" box="[268,404,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Bela nebula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the teleoconch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF86656EFEB5FCEA31C7" box="[622,796,367,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Pleurotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brachystoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF86656EFEB5FCEA31C7" box="[622,796,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">P. brachystoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and allied species (what we subsequently refer to as the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8667A0FE51FEA331E2" box="[160,341,404,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Pleurotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brachystoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8667A0FE51FEA331E2" box="[160,341,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">B. brachystoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group’) is characterized by inflated whorls separated by a deep suture that gives the spire a cyrtoconid-turriculate profile. In addition, the sculpture is more pronounced than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF866356FE7DFB35319F" box="[1110,1219,439,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nebula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF866356FE7DFB35319F" box="[1110,1219,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">B. nebula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and allied species, especially the spiral elements, which are more widely spaced, less numerous and more variable in thickness (i.e., very thin on the subsutural ramp and thicker below the shoulder). The aperture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF866338FDC5FB133257" box="[1080,1253,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Pleurotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brachystoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF866338FDC5FB133257" box="[1080,1253,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">P. brachystoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also peculiar, with a sub-rectangular outline and a very thin, almost transparent, outer lip. For anatomical features see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF866234FDE1FEB4322F" author="Fretter" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Fretter, V. & Graham, A. (1985) The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark. Part 8 - Neogastropoda. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 15 (Supplement), 508 - 556. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19720570626" type="journal article" year="1985">Fretter & Graham (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF866679FD83FD88322F" box="[377,638,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Mariottini, P., Di Giulio, A., Smriglio, C. & Oliverio, M. (2008) Notes on the Bela brachystoma complex, with description of a new species (Mollusca, Gastropoda,; Conidae). Aldrovandia, 4, 3 - 20." type="journal article">
|
||
Mariottini
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8666F2FD8DFDD5322F" box="[498,547,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B818272FFB9FF8667C7FDA8FCB53417" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Additional species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF866563FDA8FD6132CA" box="[611,663,620,645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF866563FDA8FD6132CA" box="[611,663,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Bela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF8665D3FDA8FC9432CB" author="Tucker" box="[723,866,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Tucker, J. K. (2004) Catalog of Recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa, 682, 1 - 1295." type="journal article" year="2004">Tucker 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for references) that share features that are distinct from those of members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8666F4FD55FD9732E7" box="[500,609,655,680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nebula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8666F4FD55FD9732E7" box="[500,609,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">B. nebula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group include a set of fossil species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF866311FD4BFF243282" authority="Brugnone 1862" authorityName="Brugnone" authorityYear="1862" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Pleurotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nevropleura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF866311FD4BFAD332E7" box="[1041,1317,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Pleurotoma nevropleura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF86622DFD54FF243282" author="Brugnone" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Brugnone, G. A. (1862) Memoria Sopra Alcuni Pleurotomi Fossili dei Dintorni di Palermo. F. Lao, Palermo, 41 pp." type="book" year="1862">Brugnone 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8667DCFD70FD903283" authority="Bellardi 1847" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1847" box="[220,614,692,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Raphitoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plicatella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8667DCFD70FE313282" box="[220,455,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Raphitoma plicatella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF8666CDFD70FD903283" author="Bellardi" box="[461,614,692,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Bellardi, L. (1847) Monografia delle Pleurotome fossili del Piemonte. Stamperia Reale, Torino, 119 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58977" type="book" year="1847">Bellardi 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF86659BFD71FC373283" authority="Bellardi 1847" authorityName="Bellardi" authorityYear="1847" box="[667,961,692,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hispidula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF86659BFD71FCD43282" box="[667,802,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">R. hispidula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF866428FD70FC373283" author="Bellardi" box="[808,961,692,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Bellardi, L. (1847) Monografia delle Pleurotome fossili del Piemonte. Stamperia Reale, Torino, 119 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58977" type="book" year="1847">Bellardi 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13059EF7FFB9FF8664CFFD70FBEA3283" box="[975,1052,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[240,1356,195,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[240,1357,195,1839]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Optical microscope photos of teleoconch features; scale bars 1 mm. A – C) Bela fuscata (Deshayes, 1835) sensu Nordsieck (1977), from Punta Ala (Grosseto, Italy). D) Bela brachystoma (Philippi, 1844) from Djerba (Tunisia), and (F – G) from Porto Azzurro (Leghorn, Italy). G – I) † Bela hispidula (Bellardi, 1847) from Formello Quarry (Rome, Italy). J – L) Mangelia striolata Risso, 1826 from Procida Island (Naples, Italy). SEM photos of protoconch features; scale bar 0.1 mm. M) B. fuscata from Punta Pioppeto (Naples, Italy). N) B. brachystoma from Elba Island (Grosseto, Italy). O) † B. hispidula from Ca’ Lametta (Bologna, Italy). P) M. striolata from Djerba (Tunisia). Symbol: † fossil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287444/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G–I,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329C2E2FFB9FF866355FD70FB9A3283" box="[1109,1132,692,716]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
). These species have larger shell dimensions in comparison to members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8665CDFD1DFCCE32BF" box="[717,824,727,752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nebula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8665CDFD1DFCCE32BF" box="[717,824,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">B. nebula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group; however, shell height is commonly less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CC62F97FFB9FF866280FD1CFF30335B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The protoconch ornamentation is comparable to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF86643DFD39FC1B335A" box="[829,1005,764,789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Pleurotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brachystoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF86643DFD39FC1B335A" box="[829,1005,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">B. brachystoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, but with weaker sculpture. The teleoconch shape is distinct from that of the previous groups (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8664A3FCE5FBE73377" box="[931,1041,799,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nebula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8664A3FCE5FBE73377" box="[931,1041,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">B. nebula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF86634FFCE5FB093377" box="[1103,1279,799,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Pleurotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brachystoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF86634FFCE5FB093377" box="[1103,1279,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">P. brachystoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups). The teleoconch profile is generally biconic, the whorls are depressed to slightly concave above the angular periphery, flat-sided below, resulting in a markedly turriculate spire profile. The suture is linear, bordered by a narrow subsutural collar (like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8666BCFC49FDDD33EA" box="[444,555,908,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nebula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8666BCFC49FDDD33EA" box="[444,555,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">B. nebula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The axial sculpture is more pronounced and generally sharper than in the previous groups. The spiral ornamentation is denser and stronger than in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8664ECFC75FBA03387" box="[1004,1110,943,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nebula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8664ECFC75FBA03387" box="[1004,1110,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">B. nebula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, composed of cords of very irregular strength, usually deeply indented by growth lines, most conspicuously so below the periphery (such as in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF866601FC3DFE59345F" box="[257,431,1015,1040]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Pleurotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brachystoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF866601FC3DFE59345F" box="[257,431,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">P. brachystoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group). The aperture is elongate and narrow to relatively wide; the outer lip is thin and smooth inside, and the anal sinus is on the shoulder slope, relatively wide, but shallow; compared to the previous groups. The siphonal canal is longer than in previous groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B818272FFB9FF8667C7FBA0FD11348A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
With this stricter definition proposed for the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF86642BFBA0FC923432" box="[811,868,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF86642BFBA0FC973432" box="[811,865,1124,1149]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bela</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54853CD0FFB9FF86639CFBA1FB033432" box="[1180,1269,1125,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF866797FB43FEF534EF" box="[151,259,1159,1184]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Mangelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF866797FB43FEF534EF" box="[151,259,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Mangelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54853CD0FFB9FF866609FB4DFECF34EE" box="[265,313,1161,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8666A2FB4DFDD134EF" box="[418,551,1159,1184]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Mangelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="striolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8666A2FB4DFDD134EF" box="[418,551,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">M. striolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13059EF7FFB9FF866537FB43FD7334EF" box="[567,645,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[240,1356,195,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[240,1357,195,1839]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Optical microscope photos of teleoconch features; scale bars 1 mm. A – C) Bela fuscata (Deshayes, 1835) sensu Nordsieck (1977), from Punta Ala (Grosseto, Italy). D) Bela brachystoma (Philippi, 1844) from Djerba (Tunisia), and (F – G) from Porto Azzurro (Leghorn, Italy). G – I) † Bela hispidula (Bellardi, 1847) from Formello Quarry (Rome, Italy). J – L) Mangelia striolata Risso, 1826 from Procida Island (Naples, Italy). SEM photos of protoconch features; scale bar 0.1 mm. M) B. fuscata from Punta Pioppeto (Naples, Italy). N) B. brachystoma from Elba Island (Grosseto, Italy). O) † B. hispidula from Ca’ Lametta (Bologna, Italy). P) M. striolata from Djerba (Tunisia). Symbol: † fossil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287444/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
J–L, P) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF866402FB43FBC934EF" box="[770,1087,1159,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Spada, G. & Della Bella, G. (2010) Identification of Mangelia striolata, type species of the genus Mangelia Risso, 1826. Bollettino Malacologico, 46, 76 - 83." type="journal article">Spada & Della Bella (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, differences between the allied (and sometime interchanged) genera become clearer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324D1F9FFB9FF8667C7FB15FD203663" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B818272FFB9FF8667C7FB15FD203663" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8667E4FB0BFEB934A7" ID-CoL="7P8D4" box="[228,335,1231,1256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Mangelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8667E4FB0BFEB934A7" box="[228,335,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Mangelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the outer lip is thickened by a varix externally and internally thickened by a callus extending over the outer lip or forming a bulge in the proximity of the anal sinus. The anal sinus is well-developed in most species, C-shaped, and placed subsuturally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13059EF7FFB9FF86653AFAD3FD7A357F" box="[570,652,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[240,1356,195,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[240,1357,195,1839]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Optical microscope photos of teleoconch features; scale bars 1 mm. A – C) Bela fuscata (Deshayes, 1835) sensu Nordsieck (1977), from Punta Ala (Grosseto, Italy). D) Bela brachystoma (Philippi, 1844) from Djerba (Tunisia), and (F – G) from Porto Azzurro (Leghorn, Italy). G – I) † Bela hispidula (Bellardi, 1847) from Formello Quarry (Rome, Italy). J – L) Mangelia striolata Risso, 1826 from Procida Island (Naples, Italy). SEM photos of protoconch features; scale bar 0.1 mm. M) B. fuscata from Punta Pioppeto (Naples, Italy). N) B. brachystoma from Elba Island (Grosseto, Italy). O) † B. hispidula from Ca’ Lametta (Bologna, Italy). P) M. striolata from Djerba (Tunisia). Symbol: † fossil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287444/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
K–L). The axials tend to be thin (smaller than interspaces), sharp, slightly sinuous with maximum curvature in their upper part. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF866465FAF8FC6E351A" ID-CoL="7NSW8" box="[869,920,1340,1365]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF866465FAF8FC6E351A" box="[869,920,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Bela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the outer lip is thin, lacking an external varix and smooth internally; the axial sculpture is composed of broad, rounded ribs, usually wider than their interspaces. In contrast, in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8666A9FA40FE2B35D2" ID-CoL="7NSW8" box="[425,477,1412,1437]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8666A9FA40FE2B35D2" box="[425,477,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Bela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the anal sinus is shallow, v-shaped and placed on the subsutural ramp. There are also small differences in the protoconch sculpture: on the last protoconch whorl in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF86632CFA63FB61358F" ID-CoL="7P8D4" box="[1068,1175,1447,1472]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Mangelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF86632CFA63FB61358F" box="[1068,1175,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Mangelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the spiral cordlets are continuous and swollen over the axial riblets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13059EF7FFB9FF8665A4FA08FD1F35AB" box="[676,745,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[240,1356,195,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[240,1357,195,1839]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Optical microscope photos of teleoconch features; scale bars 1 mm. A – C) Bela fuscata (Deshayes, 1835) sensu Nordsieck (1977), from Punta Ala (Grosseto, Italy). D) Bela brachystoma (Philippi, 1844) from Djerba (Tunisia), and (F – G) from Porto Azzurro (Leghorn, Italy). G – I) † Bela hispidula (Bellardi, 1847) from Formello Quarry (Rome, Italy). J – L) Mangelia striolata Risso, 1826 from Procida Island (Naples, Italy). SEM photos of protoconch features; scale bar 0.1 mm. M) B. fuscata from Punta Pioppeto (Naples, Italy). N) B. brachystoma from Elba Island (Grosseto, Italy). O) † B. hispidula from Ca’ Lametta (Bologna, Italy). P) M. striolata from Djerba (Tunisia). Symbol: † fossil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287444/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
P), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF866492FA08FC3035AA" ID-CoL="7NSW8" box="[914,966,1484,1509]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF866492FA08FC3035AA" box="[914,966,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Bela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the cordlets are weaker and pointed over the axials (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13059EF7FFB9FF866610FA2BFEAE3647" box="[272,344,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[237,1287,339,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[237,1349,339,1815]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photos of Bela nebula (Montagu 1803); scale bars 1 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. A – C lectotype, # Exem: Moll 4253 / 5; D – F topotype, # NMW 1953.183.02275 / 1; G – K topotype # NMW 1953.183.02276 / 1; L topotype # NMW 1953.183.02281 / 1. Topotype specimens from Torbay, Devon (UK). # shell number in Table 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287443/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
J–L; 2M). Anatomical features for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF8665E2FA35FCB83647" ID-CoL="68GVD" box="[738,846,1519,1544]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nebula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF8665E2FA35FCB83647" box="[738,846,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">B. nebula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3EF9F1FFB9FF866482FA35FBF03647" ID-CoL="6R4M2" box="[898,1030,1519,1544]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Mangelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="striolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94A5E60FFB9FF866482FA35FBF03647" box="[898,1030,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">M. striolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are described respectively in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF866251FA34FEA93662" author="Fretter" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Fretter, V. & Graham, A. (1985) The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark. Part 8 - Neogastropoda. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 15 (Supplement), 508 - 556. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19720570626" type="journal article" year="1985">Fretter & Graham (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFFF83FFB9FF866696F9D0FD243663" box="[406,722,1556,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" refString="Spada, G. & Della Bella, G. (2010) Identification of Mangelia striolata, type species of the genus Mangelia Risso, 1826. Bollettino Malacologico, 46, 76 - 83." type="journal article">Spada & Della Bella (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |