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<document id="588FD472F8D50FDA56078A431D654DFC" ID-CLB-Dataset="177997" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.155298" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34262a81-ecc3-4290-ab3d-e659e96986b7" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="155298" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638290764829" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Ivanova, Elena S." docDate="2016" docId="A87487B7FFE4A414FE9FFB20FDB5FCDE" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.123.2.253-258.pdf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Araguanema mutabile Ivanova 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="544DFFCFFFE5A410FF83FFCCFF95FFC9" masterDocTitle="Araguanema mutabile sp. nov., a new species of a rare genus (Drilonematoidea: Cephalobomorpha) parasitic in earthworms of Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="253" pageNumber="254" updateTime="1699471632341" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="D580F4D12FFE8A5ED163D6FAF1D9FBF7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="B3370CEEC1A4B63A7A33EFC0E9D2B353">Araguanema mutabile sp. nov., a new species of a rare genus (Drilonematoidea: Cephalobomorpha) parasitic in earthworms of Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E8E15D8C56680311FBF766F4A38B39C5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BFD4EA1645470BFC2C8E9B0AD9E66469">Ivanova, Elena S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2F1E0353235FACFC6DFFD4115351DECE">Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="38223F1BF150117B3E13B6D7C7899774">
<mods:date id="1B150876C03FDC6EF13568CA71709C8C">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="928F2737D677A7AE26E54E514BA3E265" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="867DCD428D7382960274475792BA4F5B">2016-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3E2DF19F577C4D346EBAE614992788F8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8B1C8A4CA52E2785148069A47C15F62A">123</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FCBC343A55E59D0BC9F1D71F9E9DF9D8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F3E68AD0CD268FEC46283EE9D4CB3FFE" type="CLB-Dataset">177997</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="706437894DA415E2FFAA64FF52A8A84C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.155298</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CA1B71A09A06AED79F0D988F76B67524" type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A87487B7FFE4A414FE9FFB20FDB5FCDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274714" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203904291" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7274714" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A87487B7FFE4A414FE9FFB20FDB5FCDE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A87487B7FFE4A414FE9FFB20FDB5FCDE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<subSubSection id="68C7652AFFE4A411FE9FFB20FDFAFACD" box="[284,623,1260,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE4A411FE9FFB20FDFAFACD" blockId="1.[284,623,1260,1316]" box="[284,623,1260,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<heading id="7B2A81CDFFE4A411FE9FFB20FDFAFACD" bold="true" box="[284,623,1260,1284]" centered="true" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" reason="2">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FE9FFB20FDFAFACD" bold="true" box="[284,623,1260,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FE9FFB20FD86FACD" ID-CoL="9C9BW" authority="Ivanova, 2016" authorityName="Ivanova" authorityYear="2016" box="[284,531,1260,1284]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Araguanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mutabile" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FE9FFB20FD86FACD" bold="true" box="[284,531,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Araguanema mutabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="099A57C8FFE4A411FD99FB21FDFAFACD" box="[538,623,1261,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68C7652AFFE4A411FE0EFAC1FE6BFAED" box="[397,510,1293,1316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="description">
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE4A411FE0EFAC1FE6BFAED" blockId="1.[284,623,1260,1316]" box="[397,510,1293,1316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE4A411FE0EFAC1FE5BFAED" box="[397,462,1293,1316]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[153,188,1996,2017]" captionTargetBox="[183,1401,255,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[151,1436,238,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female. A, B, D-F, H-I: holotype; C, G: paratype. Except G, all in lateral position. Scale bars in μm. (A) Entire worm. (B) Head. (C) Anterior part. (D) Vulval region. (E-F) Lateral chord at mid-body. (G) Tail, subventral view. (H-I) Egg-shell. Abbreviations: FO ‒ fimbriate organ, VO ‒ vesicular organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274730/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Figs 1</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE4A411FE72FAC1FE6BFAED" box="[497,510,1293,1316]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[153,188,902,923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,257,845]" captionTargetId="figure-618@3.[151,1436,257,845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female holotype, all from lateral, scale bars in μm. (A) Anterior part. (B) Region of anus. (C) Egg in uterus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274732/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68C7652AFFE4A411FF14FAF0FE7DFA7C" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE4A411FF14FAF0FE7DFA7C" blockId="1.[151,756,1340,1461]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FF14FAF0FECDFA9A" bold="true" box="[151,344,1340,1363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Type specimens:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="90B53CFCFFE4A411FEE0FAF0FE13FABD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3960483303" collectionCode="MHNG" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" specimenCode="MHNG-INVE-92679" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE4A411FEE0FAF0FE53FA9A" box="[355,454,1340,1363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="36DBFD28FFE4A411FE50FAF0FD89FA9A" box="[467,540,1340,1363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="female">female</specimenCount>
(catalogue number
<specimenCode id="707B9EDAFFE4A411FF14FA91FEEAFABD" box="[151,383,1373,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">MHNG-INVE-92679</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
and a
<materialsCitation id="90B53CFCFFE4A411FE54FA91FEBEFA5D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3960483301" collectionCode="MHNG" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" specimenCode="MHNG- INVE-92681" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE4A411FE54FA91FDA6FABD" box="[471,563,1373,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="36DBFD28FFE4A411FDBDFA91FD12FABD" box="[574,647,1373,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="female">female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="707B9EDAFFE4A411FD1BFA91FEB1FA5D" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">MHNG- INVE-92681</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
deposited in the
<location id="2502607AFFE4A411FD98FAB1FDEDFA5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A87487B7FFE4A414FE9FFB20FDB5FCDE:2502607AFFE4A411FD98FAB1FDEDFA5D" box="[539,632,1405,1428]" country="Switzerland" name="Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" stateProvince="Geneve">Muséum</location>
d’histoire naturelle,
<collectingRegion id="E219F843FFE4A411FE81FA52FEC3FA7C" box="[258,342,1438,1461]" country="Switzerland" name="Geneve" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Geneva</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="58CA7631FFE4A411FEE2FA52FE71FA7C" box="[353,484,1438,1461]" name="Switzerland" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68C7652AFFE4A411FF14FA13FA87F9F4" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE4A411FF14FA13FB08FD93" blockId="1.[151,756,1503,2077]" lastBlockId="1.[831,1437,258,1597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FF14FA13FE90FA3F" bold="true" box="[151,261,1503,1526]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FE93FA13FE6FFA3F" authority="Ivanova, 2016" authorityName="Ivanova" authorityYear="2016" box="[272,506,1503,1526]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Araguanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mutabile" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FE93FA13FE6FFA3F" box="[272,506,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Araguanema mutabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="099A57C8FFE4A411FE7CFA13FDDBFA3F" box="[511,590,1503,1526]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is characterised by the presence of somatic sensory organs of
<specimenCount id="36DBFD28FFE4A411FD06FA33FD65F9DF" box="[645,752,1535,1558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
, the different number of fimbriate organs in different specimens, four cephalic papillae, a short, widened, cuticularised stoma, inconspicuous amphids, a muscular, clavate pharynx with the long corpus expanded at anterior, an isthmus and a basal bulb, a nerve ring encircling isthmus, no distinct spermatheca, a posterior position of vulva, eggs with thick, faintly-coloured egg-shells, and a wide anus with long protruding fibres. Males unknown. It was assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FE2EF8EFFF59F893" authority="Ivanova &amp; Hope, 2004" authorityName="Ivanova &amp; Hope" authorityYear="2004" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Araguanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FE2EF8EFFDA2F8F3" box="[429,567,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Araguanema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FDBEF8EFFF59F893" author="Ivanova E. S. &amp; Hope W. D." firstAuthor="Ivanova" journalOrPublisher="Nematology" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="423 - 436" part="6" refId="ref3262" refString="Ivanova E. S., Hope W. D. 2004. Two new nematode genera (Rhabditida: Drilonematoidea) with somatic sensory organs from earthworms deposited in the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Museum. Nematology 6 (3): 423 - 436." title="Two new nematode genera (Rhabditida: Drilonematoidea) with somatic sensory organs from earthworms deposited in the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Museum" type="journal article" year="2004">Ivanova &amp; Hope, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of the presence of somatic sensory organs of
<specimenCount id="36DBFD28FFE4A411FE8BF8A8FEE0F8B2" box="[264,373,1892,1915]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
, four cephalic sensilla, a muscular pharynx, a nerve ring position anterior to the pharynx bulb, the similarly structured reproductive system without a differentiated spermatheca, the similar vulva position and similar, characteristic structure of anus. It closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FEDFF7CAFD65F7D4" authority="Ivanova &amp; Hope, 2004" authorityName="Ivanova &amp; Hope" authorityYear="2004" box="[348,752,2054,2077]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Aptodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="venezuelae">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FEDFF7CAFE7AF7D4" box="[348,495,2054,2077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">A. venezuelae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FE74F7CAFD65F7D4" author="Ivanova E. S. &amp; Hope W. D." box="[503,752,2054,2077]" firstAuthor="Ivanova" journalOrPublisher="Nematology" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="423 - 436" part="6" refId="ref3262" refString="Ivanova E. S., Hope W. D. 2004. Two new nematode genera (Rhabditida: Drilonematoidea) with somatic sensory organs from earthworms deposited in the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Museum. Nematology 6 (3): 423 - 436." title="Two new nematode genera (Rhabditida: Drilonematoidea) with somatic sensory organs from earthworms deposited in the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Museum" type="journal article" year="2004">Ivanova &amp; Hope, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the only other known species of the genus, in general appearance and body proportions and the structure of sensory organs. The new species is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FCBCFEAEFC4FFEB0" authorityName="Ivanova &amp; Hope" authorityYear="2004" box="[831,986,354,377]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Aptodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="venezuelae">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FCBCFEAEFC4FFEB0" box="[831,986,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">A. venezuelae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the differently shaped pharynx (
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FA05FEAEFA09FEB0" box="[1414,1436,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">vs</emphasis>
cylindrical with the slight basal swelling), inconspicuous
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FCBCFE6EFCC0FE70" box="[831,853,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">vs</emphasis>
prominent amphids, a different stoma structure (
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FA05FE6EFA09FE70" box="[1414,1436,418,441]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">vs</emphasis>
shallow, infundibilar, non-cuticularised), more numerous eggs with ornamented
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FBC9FE2FFBF5FE33" box="[1098,1120,483,506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">vs</emphasis>
smooth egg-shells and the different arrangement of the sensory organs (more numerous, larger fimbriate organs and vesicular organs arranged in one file
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FB96FD8FFBBEFD93" box="[1045,1067,579,602]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">vs</emphasis>
two files).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE4A411FCBCFDAFFB1BFA95" blockId="1.[831,1437,258,1597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
Other genera of
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FC70FDAFFBEEFDB3" box="[1011,1147,611,634]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diceloidinae">Diceloidinae</taxonomicName>
include
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FB58FDAFFCE1FD53" authority="Timm, 1967" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1967" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Diceloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FB58FDAFFAD8FDB3" box="[1243,1357,611,634]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Diceloides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FAD6FDAFFCE1FD53" author="Timm R. W." firstAuthor="Timm" journalOrPublisher="Pakistan Journal of Biological and Agricultural Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="1 - 17" part="10" refId="ref3745" refString="Timm R. W. 1967. Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms VII. Four new genera and thirteen new species of the family Drilonematidae. Pakistan Journal of Biological and Agricultural Sciences 10: 1 - 17." title="Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms VII. Four new genera and thirteen new species of the family Drilonematidae" type="journal article" year="1967">Timm, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FC3AFD4FFB67FD53" authority="Spiridonov, 1992" authorityName="Spiridonov" authorityYear="1992" box="[953,1266,643,666]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Mbanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FC3AFD4FFBB1FD53" box="[953,1060,643,666]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Mbanema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FBB1FD4FFB67FD53" author="Spiridonov S. E." box="[1074,1266,643,666]" firstAuthor="Spiridonov" journalOrPublisher="Fundamental and Applied Nematology" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="443 - 447" part="15" refId="ref3663" refString="Spiridonov S. E. 1992. Mbanema nigeriense n. gen., n. sp. (Drilonematidae: Nematoda) from Eudrilus eugeniae (Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta) in Nigeria. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15: 443 - 447." title="Mbanema nigeriense n. gen., n. sp. (Drilonematidae: Nematoda) from Eudrilus eugeniae (Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta) in Nigeria" type="journal article" year="1992">Spiridonov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FA8BFD4FFA02FD53" author="Timm R. W." box="[1288,1431,643,666]" firstAuthor="Timm" journalOrPublisher="Pakistan Journal of Biological and Agricultural Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="1 - 17" part="10" refId="ref3745" refString="Timm R. W. 1967. Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms VII. Four new genera and thirteen new species of the family Drilonematidae. Pakistan Journal of Biological and Agricultural Sciences 10: 1 - 17." title="Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms VII. Four new genera and thirteen new species of the family Drilonematidae" type="journal article" year="1967">Timm, 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FCBCFD6FFC6EFD73" author="Spiridonov S. E." box="[831,1019,675,698]" firstAuthor="Spiridonov" journalOrPublisher="Fundamental and Applied Nematology" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="443 - 447" part="15" refId="ref3663" refString="Spiridonov S. E. 1992. Mbanema nigeriense n. gen., n. sp. (Drilonematidae: Nematoda) from Eudrilus eugeniae (Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta) in Nigeria. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15: 443 - 447." title="Mbanema nigeriense n. gen., n. sp. (Drilonematidae: Nematoda) from Eudrilus eugeniae (Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta) in Nigeria" type="journal article" year="1992">Spiridonov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
). The former genus was described from the glossoscolecid host
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FBD6FD0FFCE1FD33" authority="Gates, 1968" authorityName="Gates" authorityYear="1968" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Thamnodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="yunkeri">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FBD6FD0FFADFFD13" box="[1109,1354,707,730]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Thamnodrilus yunkeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FADAFD0FFCE1FD33" author="Gates G. E." firstAuthor="Gates" journalOrPublisher="Megadrilogica" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="1 - 15" part="1" refId="ref3191" refString="Gates G. E. 1968. On a glossoscolecid earthworm from Panama and its genus. Megadrilogica 1 (1): 1 - 15." title="On a glossoscolecid earthworm from Panama and its genus" type="journal article" year="1968">Gates, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="58CA7631FFE4A411FC38FD2FFB9AFD33" box="[955,1039,739,762]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FBA3FD2FFB3FFD33" author="Timm R. W." box="[1056,1194,739,762]" firstAuthor="Timm" journalOrPublisher="Pakistan Journal of Biological and Agricultural Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="1 - 17" part="10" refId="ref3745" refString="Timm R. W. 1967. Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms VII. Four new genera and thirteen new species of the family Drilonematidae. Pakistan Journal of Biological and Agricultural Sciences 10: 1 - 17." title="Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms VII. Four new genera and thirteen new species of the family Drilonematidae" type="journal article" year="1967">Timm, 1967</bibRefCitation>
). Male morphology is unknown for
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FC59FCCFFBD9FCD3" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1967" box="[986,1100,771,794]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Diceloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FC59FCCFFBD9FCD3" box="[986,1100,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Diceloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FB54FCCFFAF4FCD3" authorityName="Ivanova &amp; Hope" authorityYear="2004" box="[1239,1377,771,794]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Araguanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FB54FCCFFAF4FCD3" box="[1239,1377,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Araguanema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The original description of
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FBB7FCE8FB33FCF2" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1967" box="[1076,1190,804,827]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Diceloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FBB7FCE8FB33FCF2" box="[1076,1190,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Diceloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also based mostly on females because the only male specimen obtained was incomplete, lacking the tail end. The general morphology of
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FCDFFC48FC5BFC52" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1967" box="[860,974,900,923]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Diceloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FCDFFC48FC5BFC52" box="[860,974,900,923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Diceloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FB81FC48FB19FC52" authorityName="Ivanova &amp; Hope" authorityYear="2004" box="[1026,1164,900,923]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Araguanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FB81FC48FB19FC52" box="[1026,1164,900,923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Araguanema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar in the structure of a head end, the female reproductive system and the presence of
<specimenCount id="36DBFD28FFE4A411FC43FC08FBB3FC12" box="[960,1062,964,987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of sensory organs of a lateral field, fimbriate and vesicular. The main diagnostic feature for these genera is the position of a nerve ring which is located on an intestine in
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FBDAFBE8FB47FBF2" box="[1113,1234,1060,1083]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FBDAFBE8FB5BFBF2" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1967" box="[1113,1230,1060,1083]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Diceloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Diceloides</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but on pharynx in
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FCBCFB88FC5CFB92" authorityName="Ivanova &amp; Hope" authorityYear="2004" box="[831,969,1092,1115]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Araguanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FCBCFB88FC5CFB92" box="[831,969,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Araguanema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FC58FB88FBFBFB92" author="Timm R. W." box="[987,1134,1092,1115]" firstAuthor="Timm" journalOrPublisher="Pakistan Journal of Biological and Agricultural Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="1 - 17" part="10" refId="ref3745" refString="Timm R. W. 1967. Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms VII. Four new genera and thirteen new species of the family Drilonematidae. Pakistan Journal of Biological and Agricultural Sciences 10: 1 - 17." title="Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms VII. Four new genera and thirteen new species of the family Drilonematidae" type="journal article" year="1967">Timm (1967)</bibRefCitation>
also reported the presence of an offset spermatheca in
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FBF5FBA9FB7DFBB5" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1967" box="[1142,1256,1125,1148]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Diceloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FBF5FBA9FB7DFBB5" box="[1142,1256,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Diceloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which is absent in
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FCDEFB49FC72FB55" authorityName="Ivanova &amp; Hope" authorityYear="2004" box="[861,999,1157,1180]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Araguanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FCDEFB49FC72FB55" box="[861,999,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Araguanema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FC74FB49FA09FB55" authority="Spiridonov, 1992" authorityName="Spiridonov" authorityYear="1992" box="[1015,1436,1157,1180]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Mbanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nigeriense">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FC74FB49FB4CFB55" box="[1015,1241,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Mbanema nigeriense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FB61FB49FA09FB55" author="Spiridonov S. E." box="[1250,1436,1157,1180]" firstAuthor="Spiridonov" journalOrPublisher="Fundamental and Applied Nematology" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="443 - 447" part="15" refId="ref3663" refString="Spiridonov S. E. 1992. Mbanema nigeriense n. gen., n. sp. (Drilonematidae: Nematoda) from Eudrilus eugeniae (Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta) in Nigeria. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15: 443 - 447." title="Mbanema nigeriense n. gen., n. sp. (Drilonematidae: Nematoda) from Eudrilus eugeniae (Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta) in Nigeria" type="journal article" year="1992">Spiridonov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was recovered from the earthworm
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FB57FB69FBEDFB15" authority="(Kinberg, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Clitellata" family="Eudrilidae" genus="Eudrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="eugeniae">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FB57FB69FA09FB75" box="[1236,1436,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Eudrilus eugeniae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FCC4FB09FC73FB15" author="Kinberg J. G. H." box="[839,998,1221,1244]" firstAuthor="Kinberg" journalOrPublisher="Ofversigt af Kongligne Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="97 - 103" part="23" refId="ref3452" refString="Kinberg J. G. H. 1867. Annulata nova. Ofversigt af Kongligne Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar 23 (4): 97 - 103. [http: / / ww w. b iod ivers ityl ibrar y. org / i tem / 100619 # page / 105 / mode / 1 up]" title="Annulata nova" type="journal article" year="1867">Kinberg, 1867</bibRefCitation>
) (Eudrilidae)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="58CA7631FFE4A411FB3CFB09FA9AFB15" box="[1215,1295,1221,1244]" name="Nigeria" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FA9CFB09FCECFB35" author="Spiridonov S. E." firstAuthor="Spiridonov" journalOrPublisher="Fundamental and Applied Nematology" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="443 - 447" part="15" refId="ref3663" refString="Spiridonov S. E. 1992. Mbanema nigeriense n. gen., n. sp. (Drilonematidae: Nematoda) from Eudrilus eugeniae (Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta) in Nigeria. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15: 443 - 447." title="Mbanema nigeriense n. gen., n. sp. (Drilonematidae: Nematoda) from Eudrilus eugeniae (Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta) in Nigeria" type="journal article" year="1992">Spiridonov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
). It is differentiated from the other genera of
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FCBCFAC9FC52FAD5" box="[831,967,1285,1308]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="253" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diceloidinae">Diceloidinae</taxonomicName>
in having the sensory organs of the only
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE4A411FCBCFAE9FCF8FAF5" box="[831,877,1317,1340]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">type</typeStatus>
- vesicular ones (
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FBC7FAE9FA9DFAF5" author="Spiridonov S. E." box="[1092,1288,1317,1340]" firstAuthor="Spiridonov" journalOrPublisher="Fundamental and Applied Nematology" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="443 - 447" part="15" refId="ref3663" refString="Spiridonov S. E. 1992. Mbanema nigeriense n. gen., n. sp. (Drilonematidae: Nematoda) from Eudrilus eugeniae (Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta) in Nigeria. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15: 443 - 447." title="Mbanema nigeriense n. gen., n. sp. (Drilonematidae: Nematoda) from Eudrilus eugeniae (Eudrilidae: Oligochaeta) in Nigeria" type="journal article" year="1992">Spiridonov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
). The salient spermatheca was also reported.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE4A411FCBCFAA9FA87F9F4" blockId="1.[831,1437,258,1597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
The different number of fimbriate organs in both specimens described below remains unexplained and calls in question the credibility of this trait for the species identification within
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE4A411FBABFA0AFB24FA14" authorityName="Ivanova &amp; Hope" authorityYear="2004" box="[1064,1201,1478,1501]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Araguanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FBABFA0AFB24FA14" box="[1064,1201,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Araguanema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For both species of this genus, the different disposition of fimbriate organs on left and right body sides was noted while their number remains unknown (
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE4A411FB8FF9EAFA93F9F4" author="Ivanova E. S. &amp; Hope W. D." box="[1036,1286,1574,1597]" firstAuthor="Ivanova" journalOrPublisher="Nematology" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="423 - 436" part="6" refId="ref3262" refString="Ivanova E. S., Hope W. D. 2004. Two new nematode genera (Rhabditida: Drilonematoidea) with somatic sensory organs from earthworms deposited in the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Museum. Nematology 6 (3): 423 - 436." title="Two new nematode genera (Rhabditida: Drilonematoidea) with somatic sensory organs from earthworms deposited in the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Museum" type="journal article" year="2004">Ivanova &amp; Hope, 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68C7652AFFE4A411FCBCF999FB04F945" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE4A411FCBCF999FB04F945" blockId="1.[831,1437,1621,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FCBCF999FC2FF9A5" bold="true" box="[831,954,1621,1644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Etymology</emphasis>
: The species name refers to the variability in the number of fimbriate organs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68C7652AFFE4A413FCBCF968FAC7F7D4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="description">
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE4A411FCBCF968FC56F972" blockId="1.[831,1437,1700,2077]" box="[831,963,1700,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FCBCF968FC56F972" bold="true" box="[831,963,1700,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE4A413FCBCF909FE9EFA64" blockId="1.[831,1437,1700,2077]" lastBlockId="3.[151,757,1036,2077]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE4A411FCBCF909FC1AF915" box="[831,911,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Female</emphasis>
: Short, stout nematode. Body tapered to both ends. Head end bluntly rounded. Tail broadly conical. Short conical mucron 3-4 μm long present. Cuticle 2-3 μm thick, distinctly annulated (annuli ca. 2 μm wide). Lateral chords stretched from short distance from apex to nearly to tail tip, ca. 20 (19-23) μm wide. Left lateral chord of
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE4A411FCE2F849FC2BF855" box="[865,958,1925,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
bearing irregular row of vesicular sensory organs (
<collectingRegion id="E219F843FFE4A411FC17F869FC28F875" box="[916,957,1957,1980]" country="Switzerland" name="Vaud" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">VO</collectingRegion>
) broken by large, prominent fimbriate organs (FO) (
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE4A411FC00F809FB81F815" box="[899,1044,1989,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[153,188,1996,2017]" captionTargetBox="[183,1401,255,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[151,1436,238,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female. A, B, D-F, H-I: holotype; C, G: paratype. Except G, all in lateral position. Scale bars in μm. (A) Entire worm. (B) Head. (C) Anterior part. (D) Vulval region. (E-F) Lateral chord at mid-body. (G) Tail, subventral view. (H-I) Egg-shell. Abbreviations: FO ‒ fimbriate organ, VO ‒ vesicular organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274730/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Fig. 1A, E, F</figureCitation>
).
<collectingRegion id="E219F843FFE4A411FBABF809FBDAF815" box="[1064,1103,1989,2012]" country="Switzerland" name="Vaud" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">VO</collectingRegion>
6-9 μm in diam., with shallow cavity and seta inside observed only in portion of organs.
<collectingRegion id="E219F843FFE4A411FCBCF7CAFCF3F7D4" box="[831,870,2054,2077]" country="Switzerland" name="Vaud" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">VO</collectingRegion>
arranged in one disorderly file with interval between them 2-6 μm and located in the middle of lateral chord at body ends but slightly displaced dorso-laterally at midbody. Total number of
<collectingRegion id="E219F843FFE6A413FE17FB82FE2EFBAC" box="[404,443,1102,1125]" country="Switzerland" name="Vaud" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">VO</collectingRegion>
exceeding one hundred. Six FO present: anteriormost in 80 μm from apex; second in 300 μm from it or at the level of ovary reflexion; third in 370 μm posteriad; fourth in 190 μm further away; fifth just anterior to vulva level; sixth at mid-tail. Each FO crater-like, convex, radially striated, 32±4 (27-36) μm in basal diam., with an aperture 7±2 (5-9) μm in diam. and a single protruding sensillum; flanked by smaller vesicular organs 2-5 μm in diam. On the right lateral chord, the anteriormost and posteriormost FO located closely to body ends.
</paragraph>
<caption id="74A26629FFE7A412FF1AF800FC6FF7D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7274730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274730/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="255" startId="2.[153,188,1996,2017]" targetBox="[183,1401,255,1920]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE7A412FF1AF800FC6FF7D2" blockId="2.[153,1436,1996,2075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="255">
Fig. 1.
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE7A412FF66F800FE2EF828" authority="Ivanova, 2016" authorityName="Ivanova" authorityYear="2016" box="[229,443,1996,2017]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Araguanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="255" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mutabile" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE7A412FF66F800FE2EF828" box="[229,443,1996,2017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="255">Araguanema mutabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="099A57C8FFE7A412FE41F800FD9BF828" box="[450,526,1996,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="255" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Female. A, B, D-F, H-I: holotype; C, G: paratype. Except G, all in lateral position. Scale bars in μm. (A) Entire worm. (B) Head. (C) Anterior part. (D) Vulval region. (E-F) Lateral chord at mid-body. (G) Tail, subventral view. (H-I) Egg-shell. Abbreviations: FO ‒ fimbriate organ, VO ‒ vesicular organ.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="74A26629FFE6A413FF1AFC4AFEF9FC71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274732" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7274732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274732/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" startId="3.[153,188,902,923]" targetBox="[151,1436,257,845]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE6A413FF1AFC4AFEF9FC71" blockId="3.[153,1436,902,952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
Fig. 2.
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE6A413FF66FC4AFE2EFC52" authority="Ivanova, 2016" authorityName="Ivanova" authorityYear="2016" box="[229,443,902,923]" class="Chromadorea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Araguanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mutabile" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE6A413FF66FC4AFE2EFC52" box="[229,443,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Araguanema mutabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="099A57C8FFE6A413FE42FC4AFD98FC52" box="[449,525,902,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Female holotype, all from lateral, scale bars in μm. (A) Anterior part. (B) Region of anus. (C) Egg in uterus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE6A413FF14FA7BFF7AF97D" blockId="3.[151,757,1036,2077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
In the
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FF66FA7BFED1FA07" box="[229,324,1463,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 24 FO positioned along lateral chord anterior to anus between
<collectingRegion id="E219F843FFE6A413FE2EFA14FE41FA26" box="[429,468,1496,1519]" country="Switzerland" name="Vaud" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">VO</collectingRegion>
in a pattern similar to the
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FF14FA35FF62F9D9" box="[151,247,1529,1552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, distanced from each other in 78±10 (65-90) μm. Additionally, 2 FO located very slightly asymmetrically in caudal region in 120 μm from tail tip (
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE6A413FDCBF9F6FD09F998" box="[584,668,1594,1617]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[153,188,1996,2017]" captionTargetBox="[183,1401,255,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[151,1436,238,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female. A, B, D-F, H-I: holotype; C, G: paratype. Except G, all in lateral position. Scale bars in μm. (A) Entire worm. (B) Head. (C) Anterior part. (D) Vulval region. (E-F) Lateral chord at mid-body. (G) Tail, subventral view. (H-I) Egg-shell. Abbreviations: FO ‒ fimbriate organ, VO ‒ vesicular organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
); all FO of
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FF37F997FE85F9BB" box="[180,272,1627,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
slightly smaller than those in
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FDD1F997FD21F9BB" box="[594,692,1627,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: 24±3 (21-28) μm in basal diam. and aperture 7±3 (3-10) μm in diam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE6A413FF14F971FA90F976" blockId="3.[151,757,1036,2077]" lastBlockId="3.[831,1437,1036,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
Mouth aperture small. Lips absent. Four bristle-like sensilla slightly distanced from mouth aperture. Amphids not detected. Stoma small, bowl-shaped, cuticularised, with walls ca. 1 μm thick (
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE6A413FE2DF8ECFE6AF8FE" box="[430,511,1824,1847]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[153,188,1996,2017]" captionTargetBox="[183,1401,255,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[151,1436,238,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female. A, B, D-F, H-I: holotype; C, G: paratype. Except G, all in lateral position. Scale bars in μm. (A) Entire worm. (B) Head. (C) Anterior part. (D) Vulval region. (E-F) Lateral chord at mid-body. (G) Tail, subventral view. (H-I) Egg-shell. Abbreviations: FO ‒ fimbriate organ, VO ‒ vesicular organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
); in
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FDADF8ECFD1FF8FE" box="[558,650,1824,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
straighter than in
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FF7AF88DFEC3F891" box="[249,342,1857,1880]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE6A413FEEEF88DFE5CF891" box="[365,457,1857,1880]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[153,188,1996,2017]" captionTargetBox="[183,1401,255,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[151,1436,238,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female. A, B, D-F, H-I: holotype; C, G: paratype. Except G, all in lateral position. Scale bars in μm. (A) Entire worm. (B) Head. (C) Anterior part. (D) Vulval region. (E-F) Lateral chord at mid-body. (G) Tail, subventral view. (H-I) Egg-shell. Abbreviations: FO ‒ fimbriate organ, VO ‒ vesicular organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Pharynx (
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE6A413FDD5F88DFD23F891" box="[598,694,1857,1880]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[153,188,1996,2017]" captionTargetBox="[183,1401,255,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[151,1436,238,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female. A, B, D-F, H-I: holotype; C, G: paratype. Except G, all in lateral position. Scale bars in μm. (A) Entire worm. (B) Head. (C) Anterior part. (D) Vulval region. (E-F) Lateral chord at mid-body. (G) Tail, subventral view. (H-I) Egg-shell. Abbreviations: FO ‒ fimbriate organ, VO ‒ vesicular organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE6A413FD49F88DFD78F891" box="[714,749,1857,1880]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[153,188,902,923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,257,845]" captionTargetId="figure-618@3.[151,1436,257,845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female holotype, all from lateral, scale bars in μm. (A) Anterior part. (B) Region of anus. (C) Egg in uterus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274732/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">2A</figureCitation>
) extending to anterior end, muscular, clavate, with long corpus expanding towards anterior, short, not demarcated morphologically isthmus and small pyriform basal bulb. Corpus 34 μm wide at anterior in
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FD9FF808FDE9F812" box="[540,636,1988,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 24 μm in
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FF14F829FF63F835" box="[151,246,2021,2044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
; isthmus 20 μm wide, bulb 20 μm wide and 27 μm long. Nerve ring encircling isthmus. Excretory pore in
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FC1AFBC0FC63FBEA" box="[921,1014,1036,1059]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
located opposite nerve ring in dorsolateral position (
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE6A413FC7CFBE2FBC8FB8C" box="[1023,1117,1070,1093]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[153,188,1996,2017]" captionTargetBox="[183,1401,255,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[151,1436,238,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female. A, B, D-F, H-I: holotype; C, G: paratype. Except G, all in lateral position. Scale bars in μm. (A) Entire worm. (B) Head. (C) Anterior part. (D) Vulval region. (E-F) Lateral chord at mid-body. (G) Tail, subventral view. (H-I) Egg-shell. Abbreviations: FO ‒ fimbriate organ, VO ‒ vesicular organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
); not detected in
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FAB9FBE2FA0CFB8C" box="[1338,1433,1070,1093]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. Cardia small. Intestine with thickened walls and darkish content. Reproductive system monodelphic, prodelphic. Ovary tip situated between vulva and anus in
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FABBFB5EFA0DFB60" box="[1336,1432,1170,1193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, posterior to anus in
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FB91FB7FFBE4FB03" box="[1042,1137,1203,1226]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. Ovary 34 μm wide distally, oocytes initially numerous, then placed in two, than one row. Mature oocytes large, with thick walls. Ovary running to anterior by dorsal body side and reversing at short distance from pharynx base. Spermatheca not demarcated. Oviduct indistinct. Up to
<specimenCount id="36DBFD28FFE6A413FB69FA96FAD5FAB8" box="[1258,1344,1370,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="egg">17 eggs</specimenCount>
in thinwalled uterus. Eggs ovoid, with egg-shells ca. 2 μm thick covered by minute tubercles divided by shallow grooves (
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE6A413FCC4FA73FC20FA1F" box="[839,949,1471,1494]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[153,188,1996,2017]" captionTargetBox="[183,1401,255,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[151,1436,238,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female. A, B, D-F, H-I: holotype; C, G: paratype. Except G, all in lateral position. Scale bars in μm. (A) Entire worm. (B) Head. (C) Anterior part. (D) Vulval region. (E-F) Lateral chord at mid-body. (G) Tail, subventral view. (H-I) Egg-shell. Abbreviations: FO ‒ fimbriate organ, VO ‒ vesicular organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Fig. 1H, I</figureCitation>
). Egg-shells and proximal part of ovary with ink-bluish colouration (
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE6A413FBBCFA2CFB00FA3E" box="[1087,1173,1504,1527]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[153,188,902,923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,257,845]" captionTargetId="figure-618@3.[151,1436,257,845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female holotype, all from lateral, scale bars in μm. (A) Anterior part. (B) Region of anus. (C) Egg in uterus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274732/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Vagina short (18 μm), slightly inclined, directed posteriad (
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE6A413FB40F9CDFA83F9D1" box="[1219,1302,1537,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[153,188,1996,2017]" captionTargetBox="[183,1401,255,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[151,1436,238,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female. A, B, D-F, H-I: holotype; C, G: paratype. Except G, all in lateral position. Scale bars in μm. (A) Entire worm. (B) Head. (C) Anterior part. (D) Vulval region. (E-F) Lateral chord at mid-body. (G) Tail, subventral view. (H-I) Egg-shell. Abbreviations: FO ‒ fimbriate organ, VO ‒ vesicular organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Vulval lips very slightly enlarged. Vulva posterior. Anus at a short distance to vulva, rectum a large chamber with numerous long, hair-like fibres protruding from anus (
<figureCitation id="B8E62A24FFE6A413FAB6F9AAFA05F9B4" box="[1333,1424,1638,1661]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[153,188,902,923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,257,845]" captionTargetId="figure-618@3.[151,1436,257,845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female holotype, all from lateral, scale bars in μm. (A) Anterior part. (B) Region of anus. (C) Egg in uterus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7274732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7274732/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Anus position in
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FB82F94BFBC8F957" box="[1025,1117,1671,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
obscured and was estimated approximately. Rectal glands not detected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE6A413FCBCF915FC56F939" blockId="3.[831,1437,1753,2077]" box="[831,963,1753,1776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE6A413FCBCF915FC56F939" bold="true" box="[831,963,1753,1776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">Dimensions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE6A413FCBCF936FC62F85E" blockId="3.[831,1437,1753,2077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE6A413FCBCF936FC67F8D8" box="[831,1010,1786,1809]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FCBCF936FC34F8D8" box="[831,929,1786,1809]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female
</emphasis>
(broken): L = 1518 μm; max width = 100 μm; anal width = 51 μm; Ph = 147 μm; Ex = 128 μm; NR = 125 μm; anterior to ovary flexure = 268 μm; V% = 81.4; egg 74 μm x 40 μm; tail length = 154 μm; a = 15.2; b = 10.3; c = 9.9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE6A413FCC3F86DFAC7F7D4" blockId="3.[831,1437,1753,2077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE6A413FCC3F86DFC67F871" box="[832,1010,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="256">
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE6A413FCC3F86DFC37F871" box="[832,930,1953,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="256" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
female
</emphasis>
: L = 1953 μm; max width = 105 μm; anal width = 69 μm; Ph = 153 μm; anterior to ovary flexure = 370 μm; V% = 81.3%; egg = 67 μm x 41 μm; tail length = 135 μm; a = 18.6; b = 12.8; c = 14.5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68C7652AFFE1A414FF14FECEFE9BFE21" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE1A414FF14FECEFD38FED0" blockId="4.[151,685,258,281]" box="[151,685,258,281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">
<heading id="7B2A81CDFFE1A414FF14FECEFD38FED0" box="[151,685,258,281]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" reason="3">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE1A414FF14FECEFEA5FED0" bold="true" box="[151,304,258,281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Type habitat:</emphasis>
Anterior region of coelomic cavity.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE1A414FF14FEFDFE9BFE21" blockId="4.[151,756,305,488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE1A414FF14FEFDFE4FFE81" bold="true" box="[151,474,305,328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Type host and locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="90B53CFCFFE1A414FE77FEFDFE8DFE01" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3960483302" collectingDate="1987-03-04" country="Ecuador" elevation="3200" location="Cashka Totoraz" municipality="Prov. Bolivar" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" specimenCode="MHNG-INVE-92020" specimenCount="1">
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE1A414FE77FEFDFEFAFEA1" authority="(Michaelsen, 1918)" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Aptodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fuhrmanni">
<originalDetermination id="03C38E5DFFE1A414FE77FEFDFEFAFEA1" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE1A414FE77FEFDFD61FE81" box="[500,756,305,328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Aptodrilus fuhrmanni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE1A414FF1DFE9DFEF2FEA1" author="Michaelsen W." box="[158,359,337,360]" firstAuthor="Michaelsen" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 398" part="41" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86912#page/175/mode/1up]" refId="ref3569" refString="Michaelsen W. 1918. Die Lumbriciden, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der bisher als Familie Glossoscolecidae zusammengefassten Unterfamilien. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 41: 1 - 398, pls 1 - 2. [see http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 86912 # page / 175 / mode / 1 up]" title="Die Lumbriciden, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der bisher als Familie Glossoscolecidae zusammengefassten Unterfamilien" type="journal article" year="1918">Michaelsen, 1918</bibRefCitation>
)
</originalDetermination>
</taxonomicName>
, (Annelida,
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE1A414FE7FFE9DFD65FEA1" authority=", Lumbricina" authorityName="Lumbricina" box="[508,752,337,360]" class="Clitellata" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" phylum="Annelida" rank="class">Clitellata, Lumbricina</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E7DD4D22FFE1A414FF14FEBDFECEFE41" box="[151,347,369,392]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Glossoscolecidae</taxonomicName>
),
<specimenCode id="707B9EDAFFE1A414FE00FEBDFDE7FE41" box="[387,626,369,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">MHNG-INVE-92020</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="58CA7631FFE1A414FD11FEBDFD7AFE41" box="[658,751,369,392]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="C006ACDBFFE1A414FF14FE5DFEACFE61" box="[151,313,401,424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Prov. Bolivar</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="2502607AFFE1A414FED2FE5DFD99FE61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A87487B7FFE4A414FE9FFB20FDB5FCDE:2502607AFFE1A414FED2FE5DFD99FE61" box="[337,524,401,424]" country="Ecuador" municipality="Prov. Bolivar" name="Cashka Totoraz" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Cashka Totoraz</location>
,
<quantity id="E7259B44FFE1A414FDA6FE5DFD10FE61" box="[549,645,401,424]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" unit="m" value="3200.0">
<elevation id="ABF0D192FFE1A414FDA6FE5DFD10FE61" box="[549,645,401,424]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
<location id="2502607AFFE1A414FD19FE5DFD65FE61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A87487B7FFE4A414FE9FFB20FDB5FCDE:2502607AFFE1A414FD19FE5DFD65FE61" box="[666,752,401,424]" country="Ecuador" municipality="Prov. Bolivar" name="Paramo" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Paramo</location>
,
<date id="54631061FFE1A414FF14FE7DFE86FE01" box="[151,275,433,456]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" value="1987-03-04">
<collectingDate id="4427E989FFE1A414FF14FE7DFE86FE01" box="[151,275,433,456]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" value="1987-03-04">03.04.1987</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
See
<bibRefCitation id="444C4B50FFE1A414FED5FE7DFE4AFE01" author="Zicsi A. &amp; Csuzdi Cs." box="[342,479,433,456]" firstAuthor="Zicsi" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" pagination="209 - 218" part="23" refId="ref3787" refString="Zicsi A., Csuzdi Cs. 1988. Uber einige Thamnodrilus- Arten und andere Regenwurmer aus Ekuador (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae) Regenwurmer aus Sudamerika 3. Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest 23: 209 - 218." title="Uber einige Thamnodrilus- Arten und andere Regenwurmer aus Ekuador (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae) Regenwurmer aus Sudamerika 3" type="journal article" year="1988">Zicsi (1988)</bibRefCitation>
for description of these specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68C7652AFFE1A414FF14FDCCFDB5FCDE" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="206236A1FFE1A414FF14FDCCFDB5FCDE" blockId="4.[151,756,512,791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="12A9EAB3FFE1A414FF14FDCCFF6AFDDE" bold="true" box="[151,255,512,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Remark:</emphasis>
The description is based mainly on the
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE1A414FF14FDECFF61FDFE" box="[151,244,544,567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female, which is in lateral position with the left side on top. The details of morphology of the right side of body (particularly, the number of fimbriate organs) were traced only on body ends due to the significant body thickness. The anterior part of the
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE1A414FDCBFD6CFD31FD7E" box="[584,676,672,695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female is positioned similarly while the posterior is in the subventral position. The condition of the
<typeStatus id="FF668803FFE1A414FDE8FD2CFD52FD3E" box="[619,711,736,759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
did not allow locating an excretory pore.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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