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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.59.508" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9531c65c-9f63-4bac-a2d5-93e6677f1cb0" ID-PMC="PMC3088341" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-59-15" ID-PubMed="21594193" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-59-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 59" ModsDocTitle="A review of the Holarctic genus Tmeticus Menge, 1868 (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with a description of a new genus" checkinTime="1451250966682" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Marusik, Yuri M. &amp; Koponen, Seppo" docDate="2010" docId="4FE5144D5B035D02D8497C058D42A752" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 59: 15-37" docOrigin="ZooKeys 59" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.59.508" docTitle="Tmeticus Menge 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="E41FFFADC02C1141FFC8FFB03F0BFF97" masterDocTitle="A review of the Holarctic genus Tmeticus Menge, 1868 (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with a description of a new genus" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1668163122391" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A review of the Holarctic genus Tmeticus Menge, 1868 (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with a description of a new genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Koponen, Seppo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>59</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>15</mods:start>
<mods:end>37</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.59.508</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.59.508</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-59-15</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159359994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4FE5144D5B035D02D8497C058D42A752" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4FE5144D5B035D02D8497C058D42A752" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName authority="Menge, 1868" authorityName="Menge" authorityYear="1868" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus Menge, 1868</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus leptocaulis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptocaulis">Tmeticus leptocaulis</taxonomicName>
Menge, 1868 (=
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
(Blackwall, 1855)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
Males of this genus are easily recognized by possessing a mastidion (large tooth on frontal part of chelicera) and by their elongate palp with patella longer than cymbium, ventral terminal tooth on patella, and thin bulbus (as wide as terminal part of tibia).
<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="16" start="start">Females</pageBreakToken>
are recognized by their flat epigyne without a cavity. Males may be confused only with the trans-Palaearctic
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Hylyphantes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylyphantes graminicola" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminicola">Hylyphantes graminicola</taxonomicName>
(Sundevall, 1830) because it also has a mastidion and a patellar tooth. However, the males of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Hylyphantes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylyphantes" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hylyphantes</taxonomicName>
have shorter palp, undivided embolic division and screw-like embolus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
The females of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
may be confused with those of several genera, such as
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Oedothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oedothorax" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oedothorax</taxonomicName>
Bertkau, 1883 or with
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Donacochara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Donacochara speciosa" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosa">Donacochara speciosa</taxonomicName>
(Thorell, 1875). However,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Oedothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oedothorax" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oedothorax</taxonomicName>
females have a different colour pattern, and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Donacochara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Donacochara speciosa" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosa">Donacochara speciosa</taxonomicName>
is notably larger.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
Small to medium-sized (2.5-4.1), light to dark-coloured erigonines. Male carapace unmodified and without sulci, it may be uniformly coloured or with a darker cephalic region. Abdomen unmodified, dark, of uniform colour. Male chelicera modified by possessing a mastidion (Ma, promarginal tooth). Maxilla with apical-retrolateral spine. Tibial spines 2-2-1-1. TmIV present. TmI 0.65-0.8. Male palp elongate. Femur, patella and tibia longer than wide. Patella with conical, ventral terminal tooth (Tt). Tibia with two apophyses (Ta). Paracymbium large, with or without (
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
) distinct apical pocket. Tegulum with distinct sac (Ts) and large (
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus tolli" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolli">Tmeticus tolli</taxonomicName>
) or small protegulum (Pt). Radix with straight apical process (Ap), tailpiece (Tp) without extension, embolus (Em) short and straight, or long and forming a semicircle; embolic membrane (Me) large. Epigyne without distinct fovea or openings. Median (=dorsal, sensu Hormiga 2002) plate plain or with ridges.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="composition">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Composition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
According to
<normalizedToken originalValue="Platnick’s">Platnick's</normalizedToken>
(2010) catalogue eight species are listed in this genus:
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
(Blackwall, 1855) (Holarctic),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus bipunctis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctis">Tmeticus bipunctis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bösenberg">Boesenberg</normalizedToken>
&amp; Strand, 1906) (Far East Asia),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus neserigonoides" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neserigonoides">Tmeticus neserigonoides</taxonomicName>
Saito &amp; Ono, 2001 (Japan),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus nigerrimus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">Tmeticus nigerrimus</taxonomicName>
Saito &amp; Ono, 2001 (Japan),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus nigriceps" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Tmeticus nigriceps</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1916) (Northern Siberia),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus ornatus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Tmeticus ornatus</taxonomicName>
(Emerton, 1914) (USA &amp; Canada),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus tolli" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolli">Tmeticus tolli</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1908 (Siberia) and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus vulcanicus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulcanicus">Tmeticus vulcanicus</taxonomicName>
Saito &amp; Ono, 2001 (Japan). In fact, there are three more species names within this genus:
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus difficilis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">Tmeticus difficilis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1926,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus dubius" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">Tmeticus dubius</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1926 and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Gongylidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gongylidium vile" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vile">Gongylidium vile</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1885. Of these, the first two are listed under
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Centromerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Centromerus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromerus</taxonomicName>
, and the last one under
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Oedothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oedothorax" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oedothorax</taxonomicName>
. These three names were included in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Holm, E" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 110" title="On the spiders collected during the Swedish expeditions to Novaya Zemlya and Yenisey in 1875 and 1876." volume="2" year="1973">Holm (1973)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Eskov, KY" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" title="Catalogue of the linyphiid spiders of northern Asia (Arachnida, Araneae, Linyphiidae)" year="1994">Eskov (1994)</bibRefCitation>
but were considered as synonyms of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus tolli" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolli">Tmeticus tolli</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
On the basis of the present study, we conclude that
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
encompasses four species:
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus nigriceps" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Tmeticus nigriceps</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus ornatus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Tmeticus ornatus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus tolli" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolli">Tmeticus tolli</taxonomicName>
. A new genus has been erected for
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus bipunctis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctis">Tmeticus bipunctis</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus neserigonoides" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neserigonoides">Tmeticus neserigonoides</taxonomicName>
might be correctly placed in this genus, but as we failed to re-examine its specimens, we treat it as incertae sedis (see below). Two other Japanese species belong elsewhere, but their correct assignments require further study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
is unusual in the
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erigoninae">Erigoninae</taxonomicName>
because all its species can be recognized by their carapace colour pattern. Three sibling species:
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus nigriceps" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Tmeticus nigriceps</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus ornatus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Tmeticus ornatus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus tolli" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolli">Tmeticus tolli</taxonomicName>
cannot be recognized by their embolic division, but the females of these species have distinctly different epigynes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="interrelationships">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Interrelationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
differs from the three other species by the shape of the paracymbium, the straight embolus and the high protegulum with papillae. It also possesses a different type of the tibial apophysis, not originating at the terminal edge of the tibia as in other
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erigoninae">Erigoninae</taxonomicName>
and other
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
, but slightly aside of the edge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="relationships">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
In general appearance, male palp structure and cheliceral dentition, the members of this genus are similar to
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Hylyphantes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylyphantes graminicola" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminicola">Hylyphantes graminicola</taxonomicName>
, but the latter has a different type of embolic division and epigyne. When
<bibRefCitation author="Wiehle, H" journalOrPublisher="Tierwelt Deutschlands" pageId="15" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 337" title="Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea (Araneae). XXVII. Familie Linyphiidae-Baldachinspinnen." volume="44" year="1956">Wiehle (1956)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Donacochara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Donacochara speciosa" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosa">Donacochara speciosa</taxonomicName>
(Thorell, 1875) he compared it with
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
. Both species have a long palp, small bulbus, and the chelicera of the male has a mastidion. The embolic division in both species is rather similar, but the radical process and the embolus proper occupy different positions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
The embolic division of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
is similar to those in
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Phaulothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaulothrix hardyi" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hardyi">Phaulothrix hardyi</taxonomicName>
(Blackwall, 1850) (cf.
<bibRefCitation author="Millidge, AF" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British arachnological Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 60" title="The conformation of the male palpal organs of linyphiid spiders, and its application to the taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of the family (Araneae: Linyphiidae)." volume="4" year="1977">Millidge 1977: f. 18</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Lophomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lophomma punctatum" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatum">Lophomma punctatum</taxonomicName>
(Blackwall, 1841)(Fig. 58) or members of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Oreoneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreoneta" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oreoneta</taxonomicName>
Chyzer &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1894 (Fig. 57). All these genera have a more or less straight, two-armed embolic division (embolus proper + anterior radical process), with the embolus proper situated more dorsally than the process. All three genera have a wide embolic membrane.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation author="Millidge, AF" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British arachnological Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 60" title="The conformation of the male palpal organs of linyphiid spiders, and its application to the taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of the family (Araneae: Linyphiidae)." volume="4" year="1977">Millidge (1977)</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
in a separate nominative group with
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Ostearius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ostearius" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ostearius</taxonomicName>
Hull, 1911,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Donacochara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Donacochara" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Donacochara</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1884,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Eboria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eboria" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eboria</taxonomicName>
Falconer, 1910 and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Sciastes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sciastes" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciastes</taxonomicName>
Bishop &amp; Crosby, 1938. Hormiga (2002) placed
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
close to a very heterogeneous group of the higher
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erigoninae">Erigoninae</taxonomicName>
that includes such unrelated genera (in terms of the structure of the embolic division) as
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Walckenaeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Walckenaeria" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Walckenaeria</taxonomicName>
Blackwall, 1833 (twisted radix),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Oedothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oedothorax" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oedothorax</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Entelecara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entelecara" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Entelecara</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1884, Gonatium Menge, 1968 and others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
Judging from the drawings (Figs 35.110, 35.111 in
<bibRefCitation author="Draney, ML" editor="Ubick, D" journalOrPublisher="American Arachnological Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" pagination="124 - 161" title="Linyphiidae" volumeTitle="Spiders of North America: an identification manual" year="2005">Draney and Buckle 2005</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
can be related to the Nearctic
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Nanavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanavia monticola" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Nanavia monticola</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1933. The latter species seems to have been mistakenly considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Leptorhoptrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptorhoptrum robustum" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Leptorhoptrum robustum</taxonomicName>
(Westring, 1851) (see
<bibRefCitation author="Platnick, NI" journalOrPublisher="Fabreries, Supplement" pageId="15" pageNumber="30" title="The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History" url="online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html" year="2010">Platnick 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Both genera and species were synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Eskov, KY" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" pagination="41 - 79" title="New data on the taxonomy and faunistics of North Asian linyphiid spiders (Aranei, Linyphiidae)." volume="2" year="1994">Eskov and Marusik (1994)</bibRefCitation>
on the basis of a comparison of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Leptorhoptrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptorhoptrum robustum" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Leptorhoptrum robustum</taxonomicName>
and the poor figures of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Nanavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanavia monticola" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Nanavia monticola</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Nanavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanavia monticola" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Nanavia monticola</taxonomicName>
has a very long palpal tibia, and the paracymbium and embolic division are very similar to those of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
. The relationships of the two genera and taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Nanavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanavia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nanavia</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1933 are outside the scope of this study and will be considered elsewhere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="key to tmeticus species">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Key to Tmeticus species</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
The males of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus nigriceps" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Tmeticus nigriceps</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus ornatus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Tmeticus ornatus</taxonomicName>
cannot be distinguished.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<table pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<td pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
Figs 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1125–">-1125-</normalizedToken>
26
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<td pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs 21-24</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<td pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus tolli" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolli">Tmeticus tolli</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<td pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs 10-11Figs 1-25, 7Figs 48-919</td>
<td pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<td pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs 23-24Figs 1843-44</td>
<td pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus nigriceps" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Tmeticus nigriceps</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<td pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs 21-22Figs 1747, 48</td>
<td pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus ornatus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Tmeticus ornatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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