438 lines
42 KiB
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438 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3c8d8e79-b176-41e6-87c9-fb6f4b5ff9a6" ID-PMC="PMC7591553" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-976-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1C1677B3CFE65ECEADF5CA56DACD0B9C" ID-PubMed="33173395" ID-ZooBank="B755A1D5D42D4CA589BE10C11EAB4580" ModsDocID="1313-2970-976-1" checkinTime="1603239875264" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pholyotha, Arthit, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros & Panha, Somsak" docDate="2020" docId="1E5BDBFC95A05D1D8B2D2BEBE547F5F5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 976: 1-100" docOrigin="ZooKeys 976" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859" docTitle="Sarika limbata" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="1C1677B3CFE65ECEADF5CA56DACD0B9C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="1C1677B3CFE65ECEADF5CA56DACD0B9C" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomic revision of the land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 in Thailand, with descriptions of nine new species (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169619115" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Integrative taxonomic revision of the land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 in Thailand, with descriptions of nine new species (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pholyotha, Arthit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand & Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6677-1164</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jirasak4@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tongkerd, Piyoros</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>976</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>100</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-976-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B755A1D5D42D4CA589BE10C11EAB4580</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1C1677B3CFE65ECEADF5CA56DACD0B9C</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168504543" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E5BDBFC95A05D1D8B2D2BEBE547F5F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E5BDBFC95A05D1D8B2D2BEBE547F5F5" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="1E5BDBFC-95A0-5D1D-8B2D-2BEBE547F5F5" authority="(Moellendorff, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Moellendorff" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika limbata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limbata">
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Sarika limbata (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
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, 1894)
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among species of Sarika based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Numbers by the nodes are the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right); shown only for the nodes supported by ML or BI (≥ 70 % and ≥ 0.95). Each clade colour refers to a genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Geographic distribution of Sarika limbata and S. megalogyne sp. nov. based on the specimens examined herein." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464389" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Living snails of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A Sarika resplendens specimen CUMZ 7843 showing left shell lobe lobes (lsl) B S. resplendens specimen CUMZ 7827 C mating pairs of S. resplendens CUMZ 7876 D S. dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7611 E S. obesior specimen CUMZ 7673 F S. limbata specimen CUMZ 7652. All not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 9F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Shells of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A-C Sarika limbata A syntype SMF 227100, B syntype SMF 227101, and C specimen CUMZ 7652 D-F S. heptagyra D syntype SMF 227096 E syntype SMF 227097, and F specimen CUMZ 7231." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464399" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 17A-C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Genitalia. A, B Sarika limbata specimen CUMZ 7652 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of penis C, D S. heptagyra specimen CUMZ 7279 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464400" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 18A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Spermatophore of Sarika limbata specimen CUMZ 7652 A general view of spermatophore, B head filament C-E tail filament showing C three spines located close to the sperm sac D region with and without branching spines, and E branching spines on the tip region. Yellow arrowheads indicate the ends of spines from the tip." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 19</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Representative SEM images of the radula. A Sarika resplendens specimen CUMZ 7851 B S. dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7633 C S. obesior specimen CUMZ 7673 D S. limbata specimen CUMZ 7652 E S. heptagyra specimen CUMZ 7279. Central tooth indicated by ' C'; yellow colour indicates lateral teeth in the transition to marginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464412" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 30D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Macrochlamys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrochlamys limbata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limbata">Macrochlamys limbata</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Moellendorff von, OF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="146 - 156" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97157215" refId="B48" refString="Moellendorff von, OF, 1894. On a collection of land-shells from the Samui Islands, Gulf of Siam. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 62: 146 - 156, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97157215" title="On a collection of land-shells from the Samui Islands, Gulf of Siam." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97157215" volume="62" year="1894">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
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1894
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 148, pl. 16, figs 6, 7. Type locality: "Samui Islands, Gulf of Siam" [Samui Islands, Ko Samui District, Surat Thani Province, Thailand];
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<bibRefCitation author="Panha, S" journalOrPublisher="Walkerana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 40" refId="B56" refString="Panha, S, 1996. A checklist and classification of the land terrestrial pulmonate snail in Thailand. Walkerana 8: 31 - 40" title="A checklist and classification of the land terrestrial pulmonate snail in Thailand." volume="8" year="1996">Panha 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 34;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hemmen, J" journalOrPublisher="Schriften zur Malakozoologie aus dem Haus der Natur-Cismar" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 70" refId="B31" refString="Hemmen, J, Hemmen, C, 2001. Aktualisierte Liste der terrestrischen Gastropoden Thailands. Schriften zur Malakozoologie aus dem Haus der Natur-Cismar 18: 35 - 70" title="Aktualisierte Liste der terrestrischen Gastropoden Thailands." volume="18" year="2001">Hemmen and Hemmen 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 44.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanina (Macrochlamys) limbata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limbata" subGenus="Macrochlamys">Nanina (Macrochlamys) limbata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, H" journalOrPublisher="In: Mission Pavie, Etudes Diverses" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="390 - 450" refId="B19" refString="Fischer, H, Dautzenberg, P, 1904. Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de ľIndo- Chine orientale cites jusqu' a ce jour. In: Mission Pavie, Etudes Diverses 3: 390 - 450" title="Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de ľIndo- Chine orientale cites jusqu' a ce jour." volume="3" year="1904">Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 395.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moellendorff" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika limbata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limbata">Sarika limbata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Tomlin, B" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of the Siam Society, Natural History Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="15 - 17" refId="B89" refString="Tomlin, B, 1929. The land shells of Kaw Tao. The Journal of the Siam Society, Natural History Supplement 8: 15 - 17" title="The land shells of Kaw Tao." volume="8" year="1929">Tomlin 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 16.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Syntypes</emphasis>
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SMF 227100 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Shells of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A-C Sarika limbata A syntype SMF 227100, B syntype SMF 227101, and C specimen CUMZ 7652 D-F S. heptagyra D syntype SMF 227096 E syntype SMF 227097, and F specimen CUMZ 7231." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464399" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17A</figureCitation>
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) from Insel Samui, Gulf der Siam [Samui Island, Surat Thani, Thailand], SMF 90854/2 (two shells), 90855/4 (four shells), 227101/3 (three shells; Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Shells of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A-C Sarika limbata A syntype SMF 227100, B syntype SMF 227101, and C specimen CUMZ 7652 D-F S. heptagyra D syntype SMF 227096 E syntype SMF 227097, and F specimen CUMZ 7231." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464399" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17B</figureCitation>
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), 227102/1 (one shell).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464389" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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Geographic distribution of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moellendorff" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika limbata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limbata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika limbata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. megalogyne" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="megalogyne">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. megalogyne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. based on the specimens examined herein.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thailand-Southern.</emphasis>
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Insel Samui, Gulf der Siam [Samui Island, Gulf of Thailand],
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="02.9" value="9.467472">9°28'02.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="43.8" value="99.978836">99°58'43.8"E</geoCoordinate>
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: SMF 298596/2. Tham Chang Phuek Bureau of Monks, Mueang, Chumphon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.0" value="10.446389">10°26'47.0"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="06.0" value="99.034996">99°02'06.0"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7637, 7647, 7654. Tham Krating Thong Bureau of Monks, Mueang, Chumphon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="20.6" value="10.455722">10°27'20.6"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.6" value="99.10572">99°06'20.6"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7638. Tham Sing, Mueang, Chumphon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.7" value="10.429361">10°25'45.7"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="52.7" value="99.04797">99°02'52.7"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7640. Wat Tham Sanook, Mueang, Chumphon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="52.3" value="10.481194">10°28'52.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="31.3" value="99.07536">99°04'31.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7644, 7646. Wat Uthaitham, Mueang, Chumphon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="24.1" value="10.506695">10°30'24.1"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.4" value="99.13067">99°07'50.4"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7658. Pla Cave, Thung Tako, Chumphon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="58.3" value="10.132861">10°07'58.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="08.1" value="99.13558">99°08'08.1"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7639. Wat Phut Sadi Phupharam, Thung Tako, Chumphon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="37.0" value="10.093611">10°05'37.0"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="39.3" value="99.07758">99°04'39.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7652 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Shells of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A-C Sarika limbata A syntype SMF 227100, B syntype SMF 227101, and C specimen CUMZ 7652 D-F S. heptagyra D syntype SMF 227096 E syntype SMF 227097, and F specimen CUMZ 7231." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464399" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17C</figureCitation>
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). Tham Pisadan Bureau of Monks, Tha Sae, Chumphon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="36.7" value="10.760195">10°45'36.7"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="45.8" value="99.22939">99°13'45.8"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7655, 7657. Nang Thong Cave, Pathio, Chumphon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="14.3" value="10.670639">10°40'14.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="35.9" value="99.293304">99°17'35.9"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7641. Wat Tham Khao Plu, Pathio, Chumphon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="49.6" value="10.730444">10°43'49.6"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="19.7" value="99.322136">99°19'19.7"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7660. Wat Tham Khao Bang Siap, Pathio, Chumphon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="06.7" value="10.668529">10°40'06.7"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="37.9" value="99.29386">99°17'37.9"E</geoCoordinate>
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: CUMZ 7661. Wat Rat Burana, Lang Suan, Chumphon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="20.6" value="9.939055">9°56'20.6"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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|
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="25.7" value="99.040474">99°02'25.7"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
: CUMZ 7645. Tham Khao Kriap, Lang Suan, Chumphon,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="03.0" value="9.8175">9°49'03.0"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="18.0" value="99.03833">99°02'18.0"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
: CUMZ 7649, 7659, 7662, 7663. Tham Khao Lak Bureau of Monks, Sawi, Chumphon,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="39.7" value="10.327694">10°19'39.7"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="39.3" value="98.977585">98°58'39.3"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
: CUMZ 7642. Tham Nam Lod Thepnimit Bureau of Monks, Sawi, Chumphon,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="36.9" value="10.376917">10°22'36.9"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="42.2" value="99.01172">99°00'42.2"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
: CUMZ 7643. Cholkhiri Bureau of Monks, Sawi, Chumphon,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="20.1" value="10.372251">10°22'20.1"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="29.7" value="99.05825">99°03'29.7"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
: CUMZ 7648. Wat Nam Cha, Sawi, Chumphon,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="50.9" value="10.297473">10°17'50.9"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="57.4" value="99.032616">99°01'57.4"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
: CUMZ 7650. Limestone outcrop in Sawi, Sawi, Chumphon,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="05.0" value="10.251389">10°15'05.0"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="25.6" value="99.173775">99°10'25.6"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
: CUMZ 7651. Wat Tham Khao Lan, Sawi, Chumphon,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.7" value="10.26325">10°15'47.7"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="18.1" value="99.17169">99°10'18.1"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
: CUMZ 7653. Wat Tham Khwan Mueang, Sawi, Chumphon,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="18.2" value="10.238389">10°14'18.2"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="43.3" value="99.11203">99°06'43.3"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
: CUMZ 7656.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464390" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
|
Geographic distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tomlin" authorityYear="1929" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika kawtaoensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kawtaoensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika kawtaoensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lactospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lactospira">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. lactospira</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. obesior" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="obesior">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. obesior</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on the specimens examined herein.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell large, depressed and well-rounded body whorl. Animal with pale to dark grey body and five mantle lobes. Genitalia with straight epiphallic caecum and inner penial sculpture with small reticulated pilasters in proximal part and small cuboidal pilasters in distal end. Spermatophore: head filament with irregularly plate-like sculpture; tail filament near sperm sac with three spines and terminal part more than ca. one-third of its length with series of several branching spines.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Shell depressed, large size (shell width up to 27.0 mm, shell height up to 13.7 mm) and rather thin. Shell surface smooth, shiny; shell colour pale yellowish brown to pale brown. Whorls 6-
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="6½">61/2</normalizedToken>
|
|
, increasing regularly; body whorl large and well-rounded. Spire elevated; suture impressed. Aperture crescent-shaped and obliquely opened. Peristome simple. Columellar margin simple and slightly reflected near umbilicus. Umbilicus narrowly opened (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Shells of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A-C Sarika limbata A syntype SMF 227100, B syntype SMF 227101, and C specimen CUMZ 7652 D-F S. heptagyra D syntype SMF 227096 E syntype SMF 227097, and F specimen CUMZ 7231." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464399" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17A-C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genital organs</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Atrium short. Penis cylindrical with thin penial sheath covering proximal penis. Inner sculpture of penis proximally more than ca. one-fifth of penial chamber covered with very fine longitudinal penial pilasters, changing to small and thin reticulated pilasters around two-fifth of chamber, and transformed to small cuboidal pilasters at distal end near epiphallus. Epiphallus cylindrical, approximately two times total penis length, and smaller diameter than penis. Epiphallic caecum short, straight, similar diameter as proximal epiphallus, and located near middle of epiphallus. Penial retractor muscle thin and attached at tip of epiphallic caecum. Flagellum very slender, and approximately same length as penis. Vas deferens thin tube connecting distal epiphallus and free oviduct (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Genitalia. A, B Sarika limbata specimen CUMZ 7652 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of penis C, D S. heptagyra specimen CUMZ 7279 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464400" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">18A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Vagina cylindrical and ca. two-thirds penis length. Dart apparatus large, long, cylindrical, and located on atrium of vagina and penis junction. Gametolytic sac enlarged and bulbous; gametolytic duct long and cylindrical. Free oviduct cylindrical, approximately same length with penis, and proximal end encircled with thick tissue (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Genitalia. A, B Sarika limbata specimen CUMZ 7652 A general view of the genital system and B internal structure of penis C, D S. heptagyra specimen CUMZ 7279 C general view of the genital system and D internal structure of penis. White arrowheads indicate the ends of the penes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464400" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">18A</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Spermatophore long and needle-shaped. Sperm sac enlarged and elongate-oval. Head filament gourd shape; region close to sperm sac with irregularly plate-like sculpture then transformed to irregularly acute-serrate longitudinal ridges. Tail filament very long tube; region near sperm sac with three spines. Spine I very reduced to small knob. Spine II was broken but slightly large at base. Spine III (partially broken) with branching into small spines and spinules. Region furthest away smooth and without spine; terminal part (more than ca. one-third of its length) with series of short to long and complicated branching spines, arranged in a row or opposite rows near tail filament tip (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Spermatophore of Sarika limbata specimen CUMZ 7652 A general view of spermatophore, B head filament C-E tail filament showing C three spines located close to the sperm sac D region with and without branching spines, and E branching spines on the tip region. Yellow arrowheads indicate the ends of spines from the tip." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radula" order="Limida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Radula</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Teeth with half row formula: 1-(16-17)-69. Central tooth symmetrical tricuspid; lateral teeth asymmetrical tricuspid; marginal teeth elongate bicuspid. Marginal teeth starting at approximately row number 16 or 17 (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Representative SEM images of the radula. A Sarika resplendens specimen CUMZ 7851 B S. dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7633 C S. obesior specimen CUMZ 7673 D S. limbata specimen CUMZ 7652 E S. heptagyra specimen CUMZ 7279. Central tooth indicated by ' C'; yellow colour indicates lateral teeth in the transition to marginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464412" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External features</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Animal with reticulated skin and pale to dark grey body, pale grey foot sole, and dark grey caudal horn. Mantle edge well developed and same colour as body (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Living snails of group I: Sarika resplendens group. A Sarika resplendens specimen CUMZ 7843 showing left shell lobe lobes (lsl) B S. resplendens specimen CUMZ 7827 C mating pairs of S. resplendens CUMZ 7876 D S. dohrniana specimen CUMZ 7611 E S. obesior specimen CUMZ 7673 F S. limbata specimen CUMZ 7652. All not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9F</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moellendorff" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika limbata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika limbata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurs eastwards of the Tenasserim Range to the Phuket Range and is common in Chumphon Province (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Geographic distribution of Sarika limbata and S. megalogyne sp. nov. based on the specimens examined herein." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464389" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="coi analysis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">COI analysis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The ML and BI analyses revealed that the samples of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. limbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. limbata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(n = 4) formed a monophyletic group with very strong support (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among species of Sarika based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Numbers by the nodes are the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right); shown only for the nodes supported by ML or BI (≥ 70 % and ≥ 0.95). Each clade colour refers to a genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
|
|
; BS = 100%, PP = 1), and sister to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lactospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lactospira">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. lactospira</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. with only BI support (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among species of Sarika based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Numbers by the nodes are the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right); shown only for the nodes supported by ML or BI (≥ 70 % and ≥ 0.95). Each clade colour refers to a genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
|
|
; PP = 0.99). The mean intraspecific genetic distance of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. limbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. limbata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was 1.2% (Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Mean intra-specific and inter-specific genetic divergences among species of Sarika from the mitochondrial COI gene sequences estimated by the K 2 P model. Taxa in bold are the new species described herein." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/13BDBDF714F2FAA17ADB274D839659A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="13BDBDF714F2FAA17ADB274D839659A1">2</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moellendorff" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika limbata" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika limbata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kawtaoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kawtaoensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kawtaoensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lactospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lactospira">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. lactospira</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. are phylogenetically closely related, yet only with BI support (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships among species of Sarika based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Numbers by the nodes are the ML bootstrap values (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right); shown only for the nodes supported by ML or BI (≥ 70 % and ≥ 0.95). Each clade colour refers to a genus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464383" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
|
|
). The average interspecific sequence divergences were 7.2% (
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. limbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. limbata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kawtaoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kawtaoensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kawtaoensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), 7.5% (
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. limbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. limbata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lactospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lactospira">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. lactospira</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.), and 6.9% (
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kawtaoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kawtaoensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kawtaoensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lactospira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lactospira">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. lactospira</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.) (Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Mean intra-specific and inter-specific genetic divergences among species of Sarika from the mitochondrial COI gene sequences estimated by the K 2 P model. Taxa in bold are the new species described herein." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/13BDBDF714F2FAA17ADB274D839659A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="13BDBDF714F2FAA17ADB274D839659A1">2</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.976.53859.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/464391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
|
Living snails of group I:
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika resplendens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="resplendens">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika resplendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika resplendens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="resplendens">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika resplendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimen CUMZ 7843 showing left shell lobe lobes (lsl)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. resplendens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="resplendens">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. resplendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimen CUMZ 7827
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
mating pairs of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. resplendens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="resplendens">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. resplendens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
CUMZ 7876
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dohrniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dohrniana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. dohrniana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimen CUMZ 7611
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. obesior" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="obesior">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. obesior</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimen CUMZ 7673
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. limbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. limbata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimen CUMZ 7652. All not to scale.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The shell morphology of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. limbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. limbata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is similar to that of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kawtaoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kawtaoensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kawtaoensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The main distinguishing characters of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. limbata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="limbata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. limbata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are the reticulated and cuboidal penial pilasters, and the plate-like and acute-serrate longitudinal ridges on the head filament of the spermatophore. In contrast,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kawtaoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kawtaoensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kawtaoensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has reticulated and irregular large folded penial pilasters and acute-serrate longitudinal ridges on the head filament of the spermatophore.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |