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<document id="E3291C54E192BC206E4B5E365EDDB057" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4136.2.3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4136.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f7f78f0-e64a-4de9-a9b0-8b17145d982a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="262026" ID-ZooBank="A8645A57-C7FC-4F05-8ED5-5F0EA42A1276" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1467806699541" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R. &amp; Remeikis, Andrius" docDate="2016" docId="03A80219621B9A10FF2D9AAA47B8F276" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4136.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4136 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stigmella sinuosa Remeikis &amp; Stonis, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="36160B5D-C5F2-4563-ACE6-A6DBE51ADEF4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="311" masterDocId="FF917A61621A9A12FFBA98524601F12B" masterDocTitle="Southern Andean Stigmella sinuosa complex (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae): unraveling problematic taxonomy with a pictorial key of adults?" masterLastPageNumber="322" masterPageNumber="309" pageNumber="310" updateTime="1698363691470" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="A134AC1381B6FF9BD4BB22CEAEC62995" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="8C92EB1B22FDD25FE7B9696A9C3087EB">Southern Andean Stigmella sinuosa complex (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae): unraveling problematic taxonomy with a pictorial key of adults?</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F09D0D6731899B1E4589AF5ECCE156B5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C1ACEAF95C332E1701F1ED14DC16C118">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="EAF2C28DF1299B0AF9826313039BBC89">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DE6FABE288AE2EEB8AA672E866D1B620">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="83535A8B2EB6C75265765A76C91D6136">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7D6DC1C3F9CB0D7B800EBE9649DAC42E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="89552894425D9B7874C7DB14FEE0FD5C">4136</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8DB27E5D534FA8C446A1C2D7A647E83F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4136.2.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="37BC231A99D93A74AD2F7B0206A4F9FB" type="GBIF-Dataset">8f7f78f0-e64a-4de9-a9b0-8b17145d982a</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A80219621B9A10FF2D9AAA47B8F276" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6055049" ID-GBIF-Taxon="121544302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6055049" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:36160B5D-C5F2-4563-ACE6-A6DBE51ADEF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A80219621B9A10FF2D9AAA47B8F276" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
<subSubSection id="C31BE084621B9A13FF2D9AAA4786F21F" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEB30F621B9A13FF2D9AAA44C4F238" blockId="1.[151,709,760,821]" box="[151,709,760,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
<heading id="D0F60463621B9A13FF2D9AAA44C4F238" bold="true" box="[151,709,760,787]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FF2D9AAA44C4F238" bold="true" box="[151,709,760,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
<taxonomicName id="4C01C88C621B9A13FF2D9AAA445BF238" ID-CoL="52MCB" authority="Remeikis &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Remeikis &amp; Stonis" box="[151,602,760,787]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FF2D9AAA476DF239" bold="true" box="[151,364,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Stigmella sinuosa</emphasis>
Remeikis &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246D266621B9A13FDDD9AAB44C4F238" box="[615,709,761,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB30F621B9A13FF2D9B4E4786F21F" blockId="1.[151,709,760,821]" box="[151,391,796,821]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
(
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A621B9A13FF259B4E4705F21E" box="[159,260,796,821]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. 1, male adult, holotype; 2, male genitalia, fragment of capsule with phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 3, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 4, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 5, cornuti on vesica, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 6, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 526 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262027/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A621B9A13FEB59B4E472DF21F" box="[271,300,796,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,198,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A621B9A13FE829B4E4757F21F" box="[312,342,796,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[167,1424,204,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 12. Comparison of male genitalia of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262030/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A621B9A13FED89B4E477EF21F" box="[354,383,796,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="13.[151,250,962,984]" captionTargetBox="[295,1283,193,940]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[295,1283,193,941]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 23. Distribution of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">23</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE084621B9A13FF2D9B364768F5CF" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEB30F621B9A13FF2D9B364703F51B" blockId="1.[151,1437,868,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FF2D9B36473CF256" bold="true" box="[151,317,868,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
<typeStatus id="54BA0DAD621B9A13FF2D9B3646D3F256" box="[151,210,868,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
(7 Ƌ).
<typeStatus id="54BA0DAD621B9A13FE359B3647F6F256" box="[399,503,868,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
Ƌ:
<collectingCountry id="F316F39F621B9A13FD989B3644C9F257" box="[546,712,868,892]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
, Río Negro, S. C. de Bariloche, Colonia
<collectingCountry id="F316F39F621B9A13FB2B9B3642D3F256" box="[1169,1234,868,893]" name="Switzerland" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Suiza</collectingCountry>
, elevation ca.
<quantity id="4CF91EEA621B9A13FAC89B3646AEF2B4" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBF95CF621B9A13FF049BDA4731F28B" box="[190,304,904,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" value="1981-10-19">19.x.1981</date>
, Nielsen &amp; Karsholt, genitalia slide no. RA508 (
<collectionCode id="ED102BCA621B9A13FCD69BDA45C2F28B" box="[876,963,904,928]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">ZMUC</collectionCode>
).
<typeStatus id="54BA0DAD621B9A13FC609BDA4246F28B" box="[986,1095,904,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(6 Ƌ): 4 Ƌ, same locality as
<typeStatus id="54BA0DAD621B9A13FF2D9BFE46FDF2EE" box="[151,252,940,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<date id="FFBF95CF621B9A13FEB19BFE47B7F2EE" box="[267,438,940,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" value="1981-10-12" valueMax="1981-11-07" valueMin="1981-10-12">12.x–7.xi.1981</date>
, Nielsen &amp; Karsholt, genitalia slide nos RA323, RA527, RA627, RA704; 1 Ƌ, same locality as
<typeStatus id="54BA0DAD621B9A13FEAE9B9D4778F2C3" box="[276,377,975,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, elevation ca.
<quantity id="4CF91EEA621B9A13FDA59B82446BF2CC" box="[543,618,976,1000]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="810.0">810 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBF95CF621B9A13FDC29B9D44F2F2C3" box="[632,755,975,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" value="1978-11-29">29.xi.1978</date>
,
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FCBA9B824222F2C3" box="[768,1059,976,1000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Mision Cientifica Danesa</emphasis>
, genitalia slide no. RA362; 1 Ƌ, Neuquen, San Martin de los Andes, elevation ca.
<quantity id="4CF91EEA621B9A13FD739BA64512F527" box="[713,787,1012,1037]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="640.0">640 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBF95CF621B9A13FC9A9BA64585F527" box="[800,900,1012,1036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" value="1981-10-04">4.x.1981</date>
, Nielsen &amp; Karsholt, genitalia slide no. RA520 (
<collectionCode id="ED102BCA621B9A13FF259C4A46F7F51B" box="[159,246,1048,1072]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">ZMUC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB30F621B9A13FF7D9C6E4768F5CF" blockId="1.[151,1437,868,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FF7D9C6E47F9F57E" bold="true" box="[199,504,1084,1109]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Other examined material</emphasis>
(not included into the
<typeStatus id="54BA0DAD621B9A13FD449C6F452FF57E" box="[766,814,1085,1109]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">type</typeStatus>
series, 6 Ƌ): 4 Ƌ,
<collectingCountry id="F316F39F621B9A13FBBD9C6E42AFF57F" box="[1031,1198,1084,1108]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
, Río Negro, S. C. de Bariloche, Colonia
<collectingCountry id="F316F39F621B9A13FECC9C0D47B6F553" box="[374,439,1119,1144]" name="Switzerland" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Suiza</collectingCountry>
, elevation ca.
<quantity id="4CF91EEA621B9A13FDE49C3244A8F55C" box="[606,681,1120,1144]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBF95CF621B9A13FD0D9C0D4571F553" box="[695,880,1119,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" value="1981-10-17" valueMax="1981-11-11" valueMin="1981-10-17">17.x–11.xi.1981</date>
, Nielsen &amp; Karsholt, genitalia slide nos RA356, RA526, RA628 (
<collectionCode id="ED102BCA621B9A13FEE29CD647AEF5B7" box="[344,431,1156,1180]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">ZMUC</collectionCode>
); 1 Ƌ same locality, elevation ca.
<quantity id="4CF91EEA621B9A13FC889CD6457DF5B7" box="[818,892,1156,1180]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="810.0">810 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBF95CF621B9A13FC339CD645FCF5B6" box="[905,1021,1156,1181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" value="1978-12-09">9.xii.1978</date>
,
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FBB09CD7432DF5B7" box="[1034,1324,1156,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Mision Cientifica Danesa</emphasis>
, genitalia slide no. RA330 (
<collectionCode id="ED102BCA621B9A13FEE49CFA47B4F5EB" box="[350,437,1192,1216]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">ZMUC</collectionCode>
); 1 Ƌ, Neuquen, San Martin de los Andes, elevation ca.
<quantity id="4CF91EEA621B9A13FB8B9CF5427AF594" box="[1073,1147,1191,1216]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" unit="m" value="640.0">640 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBF95CF621B9A13FB3D9CF5431FF5EB" box="[1159,1310,1191,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" value="1981-11-07" valueMax="1981-11-15" valueMin="1981-11-07">7–15.xi.1981</date>
, Nielsen &amp; Karsholt (
<collectionCode id="ED102BCA621B9A13FEBC9C9E475CF5CF" box="[262,349,1228,1252]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">ZMUC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE084621B9A13FF7D9CBD434DF45F" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBEB30F621B9A13FF7D9CBD434DF45F" blockId="1.[151,1437,868,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FF7D9CBD4740F423" bold="true" box="[199,321,1263,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C01C88C621B9A13FEF39CA247BAF42C" box="[329,443,1264,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosa">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FEF39CA247BAF42C" box="[329,443,1264,1287]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">S. sinuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C01C88C621B9A13FDD39CA24520F423" box="[617,801,1264,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicis">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FDD39CA24520F423" box="[617,801,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Stigmella salicis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (see Remarks). From the most similar
<taxonomicName id="4C01C88C621B9A13FA9F9CA24384F42C" box="[1317,1413,1264,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mevia">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FA9F9CA24384F42C" box="[1317,1413,1264,1287]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">S. mevia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it differs in the very pale frontal tuft and paler antenna; in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C01C88C621B9A13FC0C9D464219F407" box="[950,1048,1300,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mevia">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FC0C9D464219F407" box="[950,1048,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">S. mevia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the forewing is usually coarsely speckled and the golden lustre of forewing is weak or absent. In the male genitalia, it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C01C88C621B9A13FB4E9D6A4355F464" box="[1268,1364,1336,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mevia">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FB4E9D6A4355F464" box="[1268,1364,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">S. mevia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the simple-shaped uncus (see fig. 12) and specific shape of cornuti (with a large sinuous cornutus) (see fig. 11).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE084621B9A10FF7D9D2D4203F04E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB30F621B9A13FF7D9D2D427CF663" blockId="1.[151,1437,868,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FF7D9D2D4705F4B3" bold="true" box="[199,260,1407,1432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A621B9A13FEA99D2D475AF4B3" box="[275,347,1407,1432]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. 1, male adult, holotype; 2, male genitalia, fragment of capsule with phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 3, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 4, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 5, cornuti on vesica, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 6, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 526 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262027/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A621B9A13FED09DD24786F4B3" box="[362,391,1408,1432]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,198,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">11</figureCitation>
). Forewing length 3.0–3.1 mm; wingspan 6.5–6.7 mm. Head: palpi cream white; frontal tuft white to cream; collar and scape cream white, glossy; antenna distinctly longer than half the length of forewing; flagellum with 40 segments, pale, brownish on upper side, brownish cream on underside. Thorax and tegula pale grey-brown. Forewing: basal two thirds grey to golden grey, coarsely speckled with pale brown and dark brown scales with some golden gloss (only a very few with purple iridescence); dark brown scales prevail and are more distinct in the wide area before the forewing fascia; fascia silvery shiny, distinctly postmedian or sub-apical, oblique, ill-defined in the
<typeStatus id="54BA0DAD621B9A13FE029E05441CF75B" box="[440,541,1623,1648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, narrowed at tornus; sometimes apex of forewing with some silvery shiny scales forming small irregular apical spots in between dark brown scales; if fascia absent, silvery shiny scales form two subapical spots along costal margin and on tornus; terminal and tornal fringe pale grey or, at certain angle of view, white with silvery gloss; underside of forewing pale brown, with no spots or androconia. Hindwing pale, pale greybrown or, at certain angle of view, white on upper side and underside, with no androconia; fringe cream, at certain angle of view pale brown. Legs cream to brownish cream, with some grey to grey-brown scales on upper side. Abdomen grey on upper side and underside; anal tufts short, cream; genital plates cream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB30F621B9A13FF7D9F0647A3F646" blockId="1.[151,1437,868,2009]" box="[199,418,1876,1901]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FF7D9F06471FF646" bold="true" box="[199,286,1876,1901]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Female</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB30F621B9A10FF7D9F254405F06B" blockId="1.[151,1437,868,2009]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D621B9A13FF7D9F254772F6BB" bold="true" box="[199,371,1911,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A621B9A13FE3E9F2547EDF6BB" box="[388,492,1911,1936]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. 1, male adult, holotype; 2, male genitalia, fragment of capsule with phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 3, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 4, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 5, cornuti on vesica, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 6, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 526 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262027/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Figs 2–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A621B9A13FE439F2A4417F6BB" box="[505,534,1912,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,198,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A621B9A13FD9E9F2A4442F6BB" box="[548,579,1912,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[167,1424,204,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 12. Comparison of male genitalia of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262030/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">12</figureCitation>
). Capsule longer (
<quantity id="4CF91EEA621B9A13FCAF9F2A45AEF6BB" box="[789,943,1912,1936]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="320.0" valueMax="340.0" valueMin="300.0">300–340 mm</quantity>
) than wide (
<quantity id="4CF91EEA621B9A13FBFB9F2542DFF6BB" box="[1089,1246,1911,1936]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.375" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.35" pageId="1" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="237.5" valueMax="240.0" valueMin="235.0">235–240 mm</quantity>
). Vinculum with short triangular lateral lobes; anterior excavation between lobes shallow and wide; ventral plate long. Uncus bilobed, without or with a weakly visible second pair of tiny lateral processes (
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A621B9A13FB9E9F92428CF6F2" box="[1060,1165,1984,2009]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. 1, male adult, holotype; 2, male genitalia, fragment of capsule with phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 3, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 4, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 5, cornuti on vesica, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 6, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 526 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262027/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">Figs 3, 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A621B9A13FB219F9242BBF6F3" box="[1179,1210,1984,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[167,1424,204,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 12. Comparison of male genitalia of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262030/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="310">12</figureCitation>
). Gnathos with two thickened caudal processes (
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A62189A10FE6298C54423F19B" box="[472,546,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. 1, male adult, holotype; 2, male genitalia, fragment of capsule with phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 3, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 4, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 5, cornuti on vesica, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 6, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 526 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A62189A10FD9598CA444FF19B" box="[559,590,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[167,1424,204,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 12. Comparison of male genitalia of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262030/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">12</figureCitation>
). Valva (
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A62189A10FD0998C54536F19B" box="[691,823,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. 1, male adult, holotype; 2, male genitalia, fragment of capsule with phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 3, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 4, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 5, cornuti on vesica, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 6, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 526 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Figs 2, 3, 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A62189A10FCFE98CA4560F19B" box="[836,865,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[167,1424,204,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 12. Comparison of male genitalia of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262030/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">12</figureCitation>
)
<quantity id="4CF91EEA62189A10FCCB98CA4206F184" box="[881,1031,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="180.0" valueMax="190.0" valueMin="170.0">170–190 mm</quantity>
long, with wide inner lobe and two slender apical processes which can be weakly visible in genitalia mounts; transtilla with short transverse bar but no sublateral processes (
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A62189A10FE33988D47D2F1D3" box="[393,467,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. 1, male adult, holotype; 2, male genitalia, fragment of capsule with phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 3, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 4, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 5, cornuti on vesica, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 6, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 526 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A62189A10FE5B98B24401F1D3" box="[481,512,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[167,1424,204,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 12. Comparison of male genitalia of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262030/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">12</figureCitation>
). Juxta membranous, indistinct, triangularly shaped. Phallus (
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A62189A10FB7A988D4328F1D3" box="[1216,1321,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. 1, male adult, holotype; 2, male genitalia, fragment of capsule with phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 3, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 4, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 5, cornuti on vesica, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 6, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 526 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A62189A10FA8D98B24353F1D3" box="[1335,1362,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,198,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262029/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">11</figureCitation>
)
<quantity id="4CF91EEA62189A10FADE98B246F5F037" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.05" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="202.5" valueMax="205.0" valueMin="200.0">200– 205 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CF91EEA62189A10FE80995647B8F037" box="[314,441,260,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="117.5" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="105.0">105–130 m</quantity>
wide; vesica with 8 to 10 (usually 9) various horn-like cornuti; one of the largest cornuti is distinctly sinuous (
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A62189A10FE3E997547CCF06B" box="[388,461,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. 1, male adult, holotype; 2, male genitalia, fragment of capsule with phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 3, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 4, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. RA 508; 5, cornuti on vesica, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 527; 6, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. RA 526 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262027/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A62189A10FE63997A47F6F06B" box="[473,503,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,198,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262029/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB30F62189A10FF7D991E4203F04E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[199,1026,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FF7D991E474BF04E" bold="true" box="[199,330,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Bionomics.</emphasis>
Host-plant: unknown. Adults fly in October–early December.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE08462189A10FF7D993D46C2F087" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEB30F62189A10FF7D993D46C2F087" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FF7D993D4758F0A3" bold="true" box="[199,345,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known mostly from the western (mountainous)
<collectingCountry id="F316F39F62189A10FC31993D45FBF0A3" box="[907,1018,367,392]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Argentina</collectingCountry>
at elevations about
<quantity id="4CF91EEA62189A10FB64993D435EF0AC" box="[1246,1375,367,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="720.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="640.0">640–800 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAF8A62189A10FAD5993D46B6F087" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="13.[151,250,962,984]" captionTargetBox="[295,1283,193,940]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[295,1283,193,941]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 23. Distribution of Stigmella sinuosa sp. nov. and S. mevia sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262035/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE08462189A10FF7D99E54484F0DE" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBEB30F62189A10FF7D99E54484F0DE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FF7D99E5474FF0FB" bold="true" box="[199,334,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from Latin
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FC9D99EA4586F0E4" box="[807,903,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">sinuosus</emphasis>
(curving, twisting, serpentine) referring to the large sinuous cornutus in the male genitalia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE08462189A10FF7D99AD47B8F276" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEB30F62189A10FF7D99AD47B8F276" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FF7D99AD473AF333" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<taxonomicName id="4C01C88C62189A10FEC99A52442BF333" box="[371,554,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicis">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FEC99A52442BF333" box="[371,554,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">Stigmella salicis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (=
<taxonomicName id="4C01C88C62189A10FD239A52453EF333" box="[665,831,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscotibiella">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FD239A52453EF333" box="[665,831,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">S. fuscotibiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) was well defined in a few publications dealing with the European (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CEFE62189A10FE329A764492F317" author="Johansson" box="[392,659,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" refString="Johansson, R., Nielsen, E. S., Nieukerken, E. J. van &amp; Gustafsson, B. (1990) The Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera) of North West Europe. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 23 (1 / 2), 1 - 739." type="journal article" year="1990">
Johansson
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FDB09A774440F317" box="[522,577,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">et al</emphasis>
. 1990
</bibRefCitation>
), Asian (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CEFE62189A10FCBF9A7645AFF317" author="Puplesis" box="[773,942,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" refString="Puplesis, R. (1994) The Nepticulidae of Eastern Europe and Asia: western, central and eastern parts. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 291 pp., figs. 840." type="book" year="1994">Puplesis 1994</bibRefCitation>
), and North American fauna (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CEFE62189A10FAA49A76474FF34B" author="Newton" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" refString="Newton, P. J. &amp; Wilkinson, C. (1982) A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Stigmella (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae). Systematic Entomology, 7 (4), 367 - 463. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1982. tb 00455. x" type="journal article" year="1982">Newton &amp; Wilkinson 1982</bibRefCitation>
). The consequent inclusion of some South American species into the
<taxonomicName id="4C01C88C62189A10FBD89A1A42C7F34B" box="[1122,1222,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicis">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FBD89A1A42C7F34B" box="[1122,1222,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">S. salicis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CEFE62189A10FAA59A154747F3AF" author="Puplesis" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" refString="Puplesis, R. &amp; Robinson, G. S. (2000) A review of the Central and South American Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to Belize. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum (Entomology), 69 (1), 3 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Puplesis &amp; Robinson 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CEFE62189A10FEEE9A3E4436F3AF" author="Puplesis" box="[340,567,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" refString="Puplesis, R., Diskus, A., Robinson, G. S. &amp; Onore, G. (2002) A review and checklist of the Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology), 71 (1), 59 - 76. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0968045402000032" type="journal article" year="2002">
Puplesis
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FE009A3F47EDF3AF" box="[442,492,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
, with subsequent acceptance to the word catalogue (Diškus &amp; Stonis 2003), has significantly extended not only the geographical range but also made the concept of this group less defined. Currently, on the basis of new and abundant material collected in South
<collectingCountry id="F316F39F62189A10FC6E9AE64236F3E6" box="[980,1079,692,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">America</collectingCountry>
, an updated characterization of the
<taxonomicName id="4C01C88C62189A10FF789A8A4729F3DB" box="[194,296,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicis">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FF789A8A4729F3DB" box="[194,296,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">S. salicis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is in progress (Stonis
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FDCD9A8B44AAF3DB" box="[631,683,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">et al</emphasis>
. in prep.). Therefore, in the present paper, we intentionally avoid providing a more detail characterization of the
<taxonomicName id="4C01C88C62189A10FD7B9AAE4528F23F" box="[705,809,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicis">
<emphasis id="B9756F1D62189A10FD7B9AAE4528F23F" box="[705,809,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="311">S. salicis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group than it was published earlier, and refrain from discussions on taxonomic diversity, distribution, host-plant preferences and origin of the species group until our detail analysis is finished.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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