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<mods:title id="DDB2EB274468A56392BFD3FF262E5052">Polymorphism and inconsistencies in the taxonomy of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae) and taxonomic notes on the genus Diplodinium Schuberg, 1888</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F77415FF90F660FF630CC6FBFE3990" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6023485" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132749346" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6023485" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F77415FF90F660FF630CC6FBFE3990" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F77415FF90F660FF630CC6FBFE3990" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">
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<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF90F665FF630CC6FD0B39B7" blockId="1.[151,678,944,1003]" box="[151,678,944,970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">
<heading id="D0A9726FFF90F665FF630CC6FD0B39B7" bold="true" box="[151,678,944,970]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FF630CC6FD0B39B7" bold="true" box="[151,678,944,970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">
Morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FEAC0CC6FD0B39B7" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[344,678,944,970]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FEAC0CC6FD0B39B7" bold="true" box="[344,678,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C3449688FF90F665FF630CA4FE4A3CEA" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF90F665FF630CA4FEC43996" blockId="1.[151,678,944,1003]" box="[151,361,978,1003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">
(
<figureCitation id="1365D986FF90F665FF6A0CA4FF523996" box="[158,255,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[240,1357,451,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1374,447,1808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 reported in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries L.) a. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum, schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol’s solution; b – d: schematic drawings of nuclear apparatus (b), infraciliary bands (c) and caudal projections (d). e – j. specimens after silver carbonate impregnation. e. D. anisacanthum monacanthum; f. D. anisacanthum diacanthum; g. D. anisacanthum triacanthum; h. D. anisacanthum tetracanthum; i. D. anisacanthum pentacanthum; j. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum. AP: adoral polybracykynety; ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; CS: caudal spine; Ctp: cytoproct; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykynety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; VP: vestibular polybrachykynety. Bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Figure 1</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6DCF0B8FF90F665FEF90CA4FEF33996" box="[269,350,978,1003]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,332,355]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements [µm; mean ± SD (minimum-maximum); n = 20] of six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha record in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries)." pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF90F665FF630B6CFB7F3FC2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1050,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">
The six 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FEFC0B6DFDEB3E4E" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[264,582,1051,1075]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FEFC0B6DFDEB3E4E" box="[264,582,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotypes (
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FCF30B6DFE9B3E2A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FCF30B6DFC043E4E" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[775,937,1051,1075]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="monacanthum">monacanthum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FC4B0B6DFBEB3E4E" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1925" box="[959,1094,1051,1075]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="diacanthum">diacanthum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FBA90B6DFB443E4E" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[1117,1257,1051,1075]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="triacanthum">triacanthum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FAF40B6DFA353E4E" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[1280,1432,1051,1075]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tetracanthum">tetracanthum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FF630B49FE9B3E2A" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,310,1087,1111]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pentacanthum">pentacanthum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FE9F0B49FDA53E2A" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[363,520,1087,1111]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FE9F0B49FDA53E2A" box="[363,520,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) have an oval body, laterally compressed, and tapered posteriorly. Two retractable ciliary zones (
<figureCitation id="1365D986FF90F665FECA0B14FE0D3E06" box="[318,416,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[240,1357,451,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1374,447,1808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 reported in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries L.) a. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum, schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol’s solution; b – d: schematic drawings of nuclear apparatus (b), infraciliary bands (c) and caudal projections (d). e – j. specimens after silver carbonate impregnation. e. D. anisacanthum monacanthum; f. D. anisacanthum diacanthum; g. D. anisacanthum triacanthum; h. D. anisacanthum tetracanthum; i. D. anisacanthum pentacanthum; j. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum. AP: adoral polybracykynety; ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; CS: caudal spine; Ctp: cytoproct; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykynety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; VP: vestibular polybrachykynety. Bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Figure 1</figureCitation>
a), one adoral and one dorsal, at anterior end of body, separated by an inconspicuous operculum. Ectoplasm extendind beyond of the body and forms 1–6 caudal spines, according from morphotype (
<figureCitation id="1365D986FF90F665FF6A0BDCFEAA3EBE" box="[158,263,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[240,1357,451,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1374,447,1808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 reported in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries L.) a. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum, schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol’s solution; b – d: schematic drawings of nuclear apparatus (b), infraciliary bands (c) and caudal projections (d). e – j. specimens after silver carbonate impregnation. e. D. anisacanthum monacanthum; f. D. anisacanthum diacanthum; g. D. anisacanthum triacanthum; h. D. anisacanthum tetracanthum; i. D. anisacanthum pentacanthum; j. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum. AP: adoral polybracykynety; ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; CS: caudal spine; Ctp: cytoproct; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykynety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; VP: vestibular polybrachykynety. Bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Figure 1</figureCitation>
d). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FEC80BDDFDD73EBE" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[316,634,1195,1219]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FEC80BDDFDD73EBE" box="[316,634,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotype 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FCDD0BDDFC6A3EBE" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[809,967,1195,1219]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="monacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FCDD0BDDFC6A3EBE" box="[809,967,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">monacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with one caudal spine; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FAFA0BDDFE993E9A" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FAFA0BDDFE993E9A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotype 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FE130BB9FDC63E9A" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1925" box="[487,619,1231,1255]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="diacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FE130BB9FDC63E9A" box="[487,619,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">diacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
two; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FD3D0BB9FBA73E9A" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[713,1034,1231,1255]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FD3D0BB9FBA73E9A" box="[713,1034,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotype 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FB490BB9FAEB3E9A" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[1213,1350,1231,1255]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="triacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FB490BB9FAEB3E9A" box="[1213,1350,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">triacanthum</emphasis>
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three; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FF630B85FE653F76" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,456,1267,1291]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FF630B85FE653F76" box="[151,456,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotype 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FDA90B85FD5F3F76" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[605,754,1267,1291]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tetracanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FDA90B85FD5F3F76" box="[605,754,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">tetracanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
four; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FCC30B85FBC53F76" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[823,1128,1267,1291]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FCC30B85FBC53F76" box="[823,1128,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotype 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FB090B85FA313F76" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[1277,1436,1267,1291]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pentacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FB090B85FA313F76" box="[1277,1436,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">pentacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
five and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FEF60A61FD943F52" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[258,569,1303,1327]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FEF60A61FD943F52" box="[258,569,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotype 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FD230A61FCD93F52" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[727,884,1303,1327]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FD230A61FCD93F52" box="[727,884,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
six (
<figureCitation id="1365D986FF90F665FC400A60FBB83F52" box="[948,1045,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[240,1357,451,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1374,447,1808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 reported in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries L.) a. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum, schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol’s solution; b – d: schematic drawings of nuclear apparatus (b), infraciliary bands (c) and caudal projections (d). e – j. specimens after silver carbonate impregnation. e. D. anisacanthum monacanthum; f. D. anisacanthum diacanthum; g. D. anisacanthum triacanthum; h. D. anisacanthum tetracanthum; i. D. anisacanthum pentacanthum; j. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum. AP: adoral polybracykynety; ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; CS: caudal spine; Ctp: cytoproct; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykynety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; VP: vestibular polybrachykynety. Bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Figure 1</figureCitation>
e–j). Endoplasm with many food particles, essentially plant material. Macronucleus, rod-shaped, wide anteriorly, inclined about 90° towards ventral region (
<figureCitation id="1365D986FF90F665FF190A28FEE43F0A" box="[237,329,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[240,1357,451,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1374,447,1808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 reported in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries L.) a. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum, schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol’s solution; b – d: schematic drawings of nuclear apparatus (b), infraciliary bands (c) and caudal projections (d). e – j. specimens after silver carbonate impregnation. e. D. anisacanthum monacanthum; f. D. anisacanthum diacanthum; g. D. anisacanthum triacanthum; h. D. anisacanthum tetracanthum; i. D. anisacanthum pentacanthum; j. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum. AP: adoral polybracykynety; ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; CS: caudal spine; Ctp: cytoproct; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykynety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; VP: vestibular polybrachykynety. Bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Figure 1</figureCitation>
b). The elliptical micronucleus is in a depression in the dorsal anterior surface of the macronucleus (
<figureCitation id="1365D986FF90F665FF6A0AF4FF513FE6" box="[158,252,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[240,1357,451,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1374,447,1808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 reported in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries L.) a. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum, schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol’s solution; b – d: schematic drawings of nuclear apparatus (b), infraciliary bands (c) and caudal projections (d). e – j. specimens after silver carbonate impregnation. e. D. anisacanthum monacanthum; f. D. anisacanthum diacanthum; g. D. anisacanthum triacanthum; h. D. anisacanthum tetracanthum; i. D. anisacanthum pentacanthum; j. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum. AP: adoral polybracykynety; ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; CS: caudal spine; Ctp: cytoproct; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykynety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; VP: vestibular polybrachykynety. Bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Figure 1</figureCitation>
b). Two contractile vacuoles, each with a dorsally opening excretory pore (
<figureCitation id="1365D986FF90F665FBB90AF4FB073FE6" box="[1101,1194,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[240,1357,451,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1374,447,1808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 reported in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries L.) a. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum, schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol’s solution; b – d: schematic drawings of nuclear apparatus (b), infraciliary bands (c) and caudal projections (d). e – j. specimens after silver carbonate impregnation. e. D. anisacanthum monacanthum; f. D. anisacanthum diacanthum; g. D. anisacanthum triacanthum; h. D. anisacanthum tetracanthum; i. D. anisacanthum pentacanthum; j. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum. AP: adoral polybracykynety; ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; CS: caudal spine; Ctp: cytoproct; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykynety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; VP: vestibular polybrachykynety. Bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Figure 1</figureCitation>
a). Rectum is a small and tubular structure located in the posterior end of the body, where cytoproct opens (
<figureCitation id="1365D986FF90F665FBA10AD0FB1F3FC2" box="[1109,1202,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[240,1357,451,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1374,447,1808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 reported in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries L.) a. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum, schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol’s solution; b – d: schematic drawings of nuclear apparatus (b), infraciliary bands (c) and caudal projections (d). e – j. specimens after silver carbonate impregnation. e. D. anisacanthum monacanthum; f. D. anisacanthum diacanthum; g. D. anisacanthum triacanthum; h. D. anisacanthum tetracanthum; i. D. anisacanthum pentacanthum; j. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum. AP: adoral polybracykynety; ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; CS: caudal spine; Ctp: cytoproct; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykynety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; VP: vestibular polybrachykynety. Bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Figure 1</figureCitation>
a).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF90F665FF330ABCFE4A3CEA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1050,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">
Oral infraciliature corresponding to the Diplodinium-type (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF90F665FC760ABDFBE03F9E" author="Ito" box="[898,1101,1482,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" refString="Ito, A. &amp; Imai, S. (2006) Infraciliary band pattern of rumen Ophryoscolecid ciliates. Endocytobiosis and Cell Research, 17, 103 - 110." type="journal article" year="2006">Ito &amp; Imai 2006</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="1365D986FF90F665FB9D0ABCFB663F9E" box="[1129,1227,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[240,1357,451,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1374,447,1808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 reported in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries L.) a. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum, schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol’s solution; b – d: schematic drawings of nuclear apparatus (b), infraciliary bands (c) and caudal projections (d). e – j. specimens after silver carbonate impregnation. e. D. anisacanthum monacanthum; f. D. anisacanthum diacanthum; g. D. anisacanthum triacanthum; h. D. anisacanthum tetracanthum; i. D. anisacanthum pentacanthum; j. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum. AP: adoral polybracykynety; ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; CS: caudal spine; Ctp: cytoproct; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykynety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; VP: vestibular polybrachykynety. Bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Figure 1</figureCitation>
e–j). This pattern consists of an adoral polybrachykinety (AP), vestibular polybrachykinety (VP), a dorsal polybrachykinety (DP) and paralabial kineties (PK). AP involves the buccal opening; VP is long and extends into vestibule, if originating internally by the dorsal side of AP. DP extending laterally along dorsal anterior side of the body. Four or five PK close to ventral portion of AP. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FDFE092CFD503C0E" box="[522,765,1626,1651]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="anisacanthum">
All 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FDCD092DFD503C0E" box="[569,765,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D. anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotypes show the same pattern and organization of infraciliary bands (
<figureCitation id="1365D986FF90F665FE9E0908FE653CEA" box="[362,456,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[240,1357,451,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1374,447,1808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 reported in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries L.) a. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum, schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol’s solution; b – d: schematic drawings of nuclear apparatus (b), infraciliary bands (c) and caudal projections (d). e – j. specimens after silver carbonate impregnation. e. D. anisacanthum monacanthum; f. D. anisacanthum diacanthum; g. D. anisacanthum triacanthum; h. D. anisacanthum tetracanthum; i. D. anisacanthum pentacanthum; j. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum. AP: adoral polybracykynety; ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; CS: caudal spine; Ctp: cytoproct; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykynety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; VP: vestibular polybrachykynety. Bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843792/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Figure 1</figureCitation>
c).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3449688FF90F667FF3309D5FEBA3B61" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF90F666FF3309D5FC1A3BF5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1050,2011]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FF3309D5FE543CC6" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[199,505,1699,1723]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FF3309D5FE543CC6" box="[199,505,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by da 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF90F665FD1D09D4FC293CC6" author="Cunha" box="[745,900,1698,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" refString="Cunha, A. M. da (1914) Sobre os ciliados do estomago dos ruminantes domesticos no Brasil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 7, 139 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761915000200001" type="journal article" year="1914">Cunha (1914)</bibRefCitation>
from Brazilian cattle and sheep. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF90F665FB0309D4FA3A3CC6" author="Dogiel" box="[1271,1431,1698,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" refString="Dogiel, V. A. (1927) Monographie der Familie Ophryoscolecidae. Archiv fur Protistenkunde, 59, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1927">Dogiel (1927)</bibRefCitation>
, in his monograph of family 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FE2109B0FD323CA2" box="[469,671,1734,1759]" class="Ciliatea" family="Ophryoscolecidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Entodiniomorphida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Ophryoscolecidae</taxonomicName>
renamed the species described by da 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF90F665FBB809B0FB4A3CA2" author="Cunha" box="[1100,1255,1734,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" refString="Cunha, A. M. da (1914) Sobre os ciliados do estomago dos ruminantes domesticos no Brasil. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 7, 139 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761915000200001" type="journal article" year="1914">Cunha (1914)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FAFA09B1FE4C3D7E" authorityName="Fiorentini" authorityYear="1889" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="denticulatum" subGenus="Anoplodinium">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FAFA09B1FA363CA2" box="[1294,1435,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Diplodinium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FF54099DFE923D7E" box="[160,319,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Anoplodinium</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FEBB099DFE4C3D7E" box="[335,481,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">denticulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FE0B099DFD313D7E" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[511,668,1771,1795]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FE0B099DFD313D7E" box="[511,668,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and described six other subspecies that differed from the first in the number of caudal spines [
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FE380866FCEE3D5A" authorityName="Fiorentini" authorityYear="1889" box="[460,835,1807,1831]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="denticulatum" subGenus="Anoplodinium">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FE380866FE453D5A" box="[460,488,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FE090879FD363D5A" box="[509,667,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Anoplodinium</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FD450879FCEE3D5A" box="[689,835,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">denticulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FC9F0879FC5B3D5A" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[875,1014,1807,1831]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FC9F0879FC5B3D5A" box="[875,1014,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">anacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FBFD0866FAD23D5A" authorityName="Fiorentini" authorityYear="1889" box="[1033,1407,1807,1831]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="denticulatum" subGenus="Anoplodinium">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FBFD0866FB883D5A" box="[1033,1061,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FBCD0879FB753D5A" box="[1081,1240,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Anoplodinium</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FB190879FAD23D5A" box="[1261,1407,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">denticulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FF630845FE9B3D36" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,310,1843,1867]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="monacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FF630845FE9B3D36" box="[151,310,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">monacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FEB70845FD023D36" authorityName="Fiorentini" authorityYear="1889" box="[323,687,1843,1867]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="denticulatum" subGenus="Anoplodinium">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FEB70845FEF23D37" box="[323,351,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FE9A0845FDA13D36" box="[366,524,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Anoplodinium</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FDE90845FD023D36" box="[541,687,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">denticulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FD390845FCFC3D36" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1925" box="[717,849,1843,1867]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="diacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FD390845FCFC3D36" box="[717,849,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">diacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FC940845FB613D36" authorityName="Fiorentini" authorityYear="1889" box="[864,1228,1843,1867]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="denticulatum" subGenus="Anoplodinium">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FC940845FCD63D37" box="[864,891,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FC7F0845FB873D36" box="[907,1066,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Anoplodinium</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FBCE0845FB613D36" box="[1082,1228,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">denticulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FB1E0845FADE3D36" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[1258,1395,1843,1867]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="triacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FB1E0845FADE3D36" box="[1258,1395,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">triacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FA750845FE4E3D12" authorityName="Fiorentini" authorityYear="1889" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="denticulatum" subGenus="Anoplodinium">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FA750845FA313D37" box="[1409,1436,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FF540821FE923D12" box="[160,319,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Anoplodinium</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FEA50821FE4E3D12" box="[337,483,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">denticulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FDF30821FD313D12" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[519,668,1879,1903]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tetracanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FDF30821FD313D12" box="[519,668,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">tetracanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FD23082EFBE53D12" authorityName="Fiorentini" authorityYear="1889" box="[727,1096,1879,1903]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="denticulatum" subGenus="Anoplodinium">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FD23082EFD5E3D12" box="[727,755,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FCF10821FC093D12" box="[773,932,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Anoplodinium</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FC420821FBE53D12" box="[950,1096,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">denticulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FB980821FAA73D12" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[1132,1290,1879,1903]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pentacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FB980821FAA73D12" box="[1132,1290,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">pentacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)]. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF90F665FAD90820FEC23DEE" author="Kofoid" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" refString="Kofoid, C. A. &amp; MacLennan, R. F. (1932) Ciliates from Bos indicus. II. The genus Diplodinium Schuberg. University of California Publications in Zoology, 37, 53 - 152." type="journal article" year="1932">Kofoid &amp; MacLennan (1932)</bibRefCitation>
in their 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FE24080DFDF03DEE" authorityName="Schuberg" authorityYear="1888" box="[464,605,1915,1939]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FE24080DFDF03DEE" box="[464,605,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Diplodinium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxonomic review, raised to the species level the subspecies proposed by Dogiel, using the following names: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FDB208D6FCA63DCA" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[582,779,1951,1975]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FDB208D6FCA63DCA" box="[582,779,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D. anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FCEB08D6FC7C3DCA" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[799,977,1951,1975]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FCEB08D6FC7C3DCA" box="[799,977,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D. anacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FC1108D6FB003DCA" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[997,1197,1951,1975]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="monacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FC1108D6FB003DCA" box="[997,1197,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D. monacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FB3408D6FAC13DCA" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1925" box="[1216,1388,1951,1975]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="diacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FB3408D6FAC13DCA" box="[1216,1388,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D. diacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FA7408D6FE8D3DA6" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="triacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FA7408D6FE8D3DA6" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D. triacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FEC508B5FE463DA6" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[305,491,1987,2011]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tetracanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FEC508B5FE463DA6" box="[305,491,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D. tetracanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FDDC08B5FD413DA6" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[552,748,1987,2011]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pentacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FDDC08B5FD413DA6" box="[552,748,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">D. pentacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF90F665FD0808B5FC0F3DA6" author="Latteur" box="[764,930,1987,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" refString="Latteur, B. (1970) Revision systematique de la famille des Ophryoscolecidae Stein, 1858. Sous famille des Diplodiniinae Lubinsky, 1957. Genre Diplodinium (Schuberg, 1888) sensu novo. Annales de la Societe Royale Zoologique de Belgique, 100, 215 - 312." type="journal article" year="1970">Latteur (1970)</bibRefCitation>
considered 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF90F665FBDB08B5FAC93DA6" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[1071,1380,1987,2011]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="250" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF90F665FBDB08B5FAC93DA6" box="[1071,1380,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="250">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species with polymorphisms [
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FDE40FEFFD703ACD" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[528,733,152,176]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FDE40FEFFD703ACD" box="[528,733,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FCEC0FEEFC0E3ACD" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[792,931,152,176]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FCEC0FEEFC0E3ACD" box="[792,931,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">anacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FC4A0FEFFB263ACD" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[958,1163,152,176]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FC4A0FEFFB263ACD" box="[958,1163,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FB320FEEFAC93ACD" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[1222,1380,152,176]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="monacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FB320FEEFAC93ACD" box="[1222,1380,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">monacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FA750FEFFE993AA9" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FA750FEFFE993AA9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FEA70FCAFE7A3AA9" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1925" box="[339,471,188,212]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="diacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FEA70FCAFE7A3AA9" box="[339,471,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">diacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FE110FCBFD093AA9" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[485,676,188,212]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FE110FCBFD093AA9" box="[485,676,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FD300FCAFCE03AA9" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[708,845,188,212]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="triacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FD300FCAFCE03AA9" box="[708,845,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">triacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FCAF0FCBFBB73AA9" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[859,1050,188,212]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FCAF0FCBFBB73AA9" box="[859,1050,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FBCD0FCAFB633AA9" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[1081,1230,188,212]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tetracanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FBCD0FCAFB633AA9" box="[1081,1230,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">tetracanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FB280FCBFA363AA9" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[1244,1435,188,212]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FB280FCBFA363AA9" box="[1244,1435,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FF440F96FEE23A85" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[176,335,224,248]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pentacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FF440F96FEE23A85" box="[176,335,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">pentacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FE7C0F97FDE43A85" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[392,585,224,248]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FE7C0F97FDE43A85" box="[392,585,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FD9F0F96FCA53A85" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[619,776,224,248]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FD9F0F96FCA53A85" box="[619,776,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. Hence, due to the different taxonomic interpretations of the features of the posterior end of the body, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FD2E0E72FBB93B61" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[730,1044,260,284]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FD2E0E72FBB93B61" box="[730,1044,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotypes are regarded as a polymorphic species and classified as subspecific level (Imai 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FC910E5FFC343B3D" box="[869,921,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. 1981; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF93F666FC010E51FB733B3D" author="Shimizu" box="[1013,1246,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" refString="Shimizu, M., Kinoshita, M., Fujita, J. &amp; Imai, S. (1983) Rumen ciliate protozoal fauna and composition of the Zebu Cattle, Bos indicus, and Water Buffalo, Bubalus bubalis, in Philippines. Bulletin of Nippon Feterinary and Zootechnical College, 32, 83 - 88." type="journal article" year="1983">
Shimizu 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FBA80E5FFB3C3B3D" box="[1116,1169,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. 1983
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF93F666FB190E5EFA3A3B3D" author="Ito" box="[1261,1431,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" refString="Ito, A., Imai, S. &amp; Ogimoto, K. (1994) Rumen ciliate composition and diversity of Japanese beef black cattle in comparison with those of Holstein-Friesien cattle. The Journal of Feterinary Medical Science, 56, 707 - 714." type="journal article" year="1994">
Ito 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FAE20E5FFAE63B3D" box="[1302,1355,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. 1994
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF93F666FF630E3AFEDE3B19" author="Guirong" box="[151,371,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" refString="Guirong, N. - R. S., Hua, Z. X., Zhu, S. &amp; Imai, S. (2000) Rumen ciliated fauna of the Yak (Bos grunniens) in China with the description of Entodinium monuo n. sp. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 47, 178 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1550 - 7408.2000. tb 00029. x" type="journal article" year="2000">
Guirong 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FF0F0E3BFE863B19" box="[251,299,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF93F666FE8A0E3AFDFE3B19" author="Gurung" box="[382,595,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" refString="Gurung, Y. B., Parajuli, N., Miyazaki, Y., Imai, S. &amp; Kobayashi, K. (2002) Rumen ciliate faunae of Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and Goat (Capra hircus) in Nepal. Journal of Feterinary and Medicine Science, 64, 265 - 267. https: // doi. org / 10.1292 / jvms. 64.265" type="journal article" year="2002">
Gurung 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FE2E0E3BFDA63B19" box="[474,523,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF93F666FDAA0E3BFCD43B19" author="Booyse" box="[606,889,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" refString="Booyse, D. G. &amp; Dehority, B. A. (2011) Rumen protozoa in South African sheep with a summary of the worldwide distribution of sheep protozoa. Onderstepoort Journal of Feterinary Research, 78, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / ojvr. v 78 i 1.307" type="journal article" year="2011">Booyse &amp; Dehority 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF93F666FC700E3BFBF53B19" author="Booyse" box="[900,1112,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" refString="Booyse, D. G., Dehority, B. A. &amp; Reinighaus, B. (2014) Rumen ciliates in the African (Cape) buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) living in the vicinity of the Orpen Gate entrance into Kruger National Park, South Africa. Zootaxa, 3846 (1), 138 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.1.8" type="journal article" year="2014">
Booyse 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FC2A0E3BFBA23B19" box="[990,1039,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
), or as seven species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF93F666FABF0E3AFED63BF5" author="Kofoid" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" refString="Kofoid, C. A. &amp; Christenson, J. F. (1933) Ciliates from Bos gaurus H. Smith. University of California Publications in Zoology, 33, 471 - 544." type="journal article" year="1933">Kofoid &amp; Christenson 1933</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF93F666FE730E19FD803BF5" author="Dehority" box="[391,557,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" refString="Dehority, B. A. (1979) Ciliate protozoa in the rumen of Brazilian water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus. Journal of Protozoology, 26, 536 - 544. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1550 - 7408.1979. tb 04191. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Dehority 1979</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF93F666FDCC0E19FDD93BF5" author="Dehority" box="[568,628,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" refString="Dehority, B. A. (1986) Rumen ciliate fauna of some Brazilian cattle: Occurrence of several ciliates new to the rumen, including the cyclopsthid Parentodinium africanum. Journal of Protozoology, 33, 416 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1550 - 7408.1986. tb 05633. x" type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF93F666FD8B0E19FCA13BF5" author="Clarke" box="[639,780,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" refString="Clarke, R. T. J. (1964) Ciliates of the rumen of domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.). New Zeland Journal of Agricultural Research, 7, 248 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00288233.1964.10416409" type="journal article" year="1964">Clarke 1964</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF93F666FCEC0E19FC063BF5" author="Baraka" box="[792,939,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" refString="Baraka, T. A. (2012) Comparative studies of rumen pH, total protozoa, generic and species composition of ciliates in Camel, Buffalo, Sheep and Goat in Egypt. Journal of American Science, 8, 655 - 669." type="journal article" year="2012">Baraka 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF21958BFF93F666FF630852FC523D8F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843792/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" targetBox="[240,1357,451,1805]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF93F666FF630852FC523D8F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1828,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FF630852FEB93D47" bold="true" box="[151,276,1828,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Six morphotypes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FE1F0852FCAC3D47" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[491,769,1828,1850]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FE1F0852FCAC3D47" box="[491,769,1828,1850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
da Cunha, 1914 reported in Brazilian sheep (
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FB200853FA903D47" ID-CoL="4B9VF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1236,1341,1829,1850]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aries">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FB200853FA903D47" box="[1236,1341,1829,1850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">Ovis aries</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.) 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FA9D0852FAD13D47" bold="true" box="[1385,1404,1828,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">a.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FA770853FE143D24" authority="anisacanthum" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FA770853FE143D24" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol’s solution; 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FB750835FB1E3D24" bold="true" box="[1153,1203,1859,1881]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">b–d:</emphasis>
schematic drawings of nuclear apparatus (b), infraciliary bands (c) and caudal projections (d). 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FC970817FC243D0A" bold="true" box="[867,905,1889,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">e–j.</emphasis>
specimens after silver carbonate impregnation. 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FA980817FAD03D0A" bold="true" box="[1388,1405,1889,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">e.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FA770814FE6E3DEB" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="monacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FA770814FE6E3DEB" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum monacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FE2D08F6FE4A3DEB" bold="true" box="[473,487,1920,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">f.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FE0308F7FC9E3DEB" box="[503,819,1920,1942]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="diacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FE0308F7FC9E3DEB" box="[503,819,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum diacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FCBE08F6FCF03DEB" bold="true" box="[842,861,1920,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">g.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FC9808F7FB003DEB" box="[876,1197,1920,1942]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="triacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FC9808F7FB003DEB" box="[876,1197,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum triacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FB3708F6FB7A3DEB" bold="true" box="[1219,1239,1920,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">h.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FB1208F7FEB33DC8" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="tetracanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FB1208F7FEB33DC8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum tetracanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FEDF08E9FE943DC8" bold="true" box="[299,313,1951,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">i.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FECB08D6FD2C3DC8" box="[319,641,1951,1973]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="pentacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FECB08D6FD2C3DC8" box="[319,641,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum pentacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FD7B08E9FD333DC8" bold="true" box="[655,670,1951,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">j.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF93F666FD5008D6FC483DC8" authority="anisacanthum" box="[676,997,1951,1973]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="251" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF93F666FD5008D6FC483DC8" box="[676,997,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="251">D. anisacanthum anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. AP: adoral polybracykynety; ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; CS: caudal spine; Ctp: cytoproct; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykynety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; VP: vestibular polybrachykynety. Bars: 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF92F667FF330FE1FEBA3B61" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
Although those 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF92F667FE8F0FEEFDA53ACD" authorityName="Schuberg" authorityYear="1888" box="[379,520,152,176]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF92F667FE8F0FEEFDA53ACD" box="[379,520,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Diplodinium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ciliates have been elevated to the species level by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF92F667FBBC0FE1FA3A3ACD" author="Kofoid" box="[1096,1431,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" refString="Kofoid, C. A. &amp; MacLennan, R. F. (1932) Ciliates from Bos indicus. II. The genus Diplodinium Schuberg. University of California Publications in Zoology, 37, 53 - 152." type="journal article" year="1932">Kofoid &amp; MacLennan (1932)</bibRefCitation>
, the possibility of being a single, polymorphic species raised by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF92F667FC7E0FCAFB813AA9" author="Dogiel" box="[906,1068,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" refString="Dogiel, V. A. (1927) Monographie der Familie Ophryoscolecidae. Archiv fur Protistenkunde, 59, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1927">Dogiel (1927)</bibRefCitation>
and later by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF92F667FB240FCBFAD43AA9" author="Latteur" box="[1232,1401,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" refString="Latteur, B. (1970) Revision systematique de la famille des Ophryoscolecidae Stein, 1858. Sous famille des Diplodiniinae Lubinsky, 1957. Genre Diplodinium (Schuberg, 1888) sensu novo. Annales de la Societe Royale Zoologique de Belgique, 100, 215 - 312." type="journal article" year="1970">Latteur (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, is considerable, because the morphotypes are almost identical, differing only in the number of caudal spines (
<figureCitation id="1365D986FF92F667FAA50FA9FF0B3B61" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1828,1850]" captionTargetBox="[240,1357,451,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[240,1374,447,1808]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha, 1914 reported in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries L.) a. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum, schematic drawing based on specimen stained with Lugol’s solution; b – d: schematic drawings of nuclear apparatus (b), infraciliary bands (c) and caudal projections (d). e – j. specimens after silver carbonate impregnation. e. D. anisacanthum monacanthum; f. D. anisacanthum diacanthum; g. D. anisacanthum triacanthum; h. D. anisacanthum tetracanthum; i. D. anisacanthum pentacanthum; j. D. anisacanthum anisacanthum. AP: adoral polybracykynety; ACZ: adoral ciliary zone; CS: caudal spine; Ctp: cytoproct; CV: contractile vacuole; DCZ: dorsal ciliary zone; DP: dorsal polybrachykynety; Ma: macronucleus; Mi: micronucleus; VP: vestibular polybrachykynety. Bars: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843792/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Figure 1</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6DCF0B8FF92F667FF400E72FEA83B61" box="[180,261,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,332,355]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements [µm; mean ± SD (minimum-maximum); n = 20] of six morphotypes of Diplodinium anisacanthum da Cunha record in Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries)." pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF21958BFF92F667FF630E3AFC9B3BFE" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF92F667FF630E3AFC9B3BFE" blockId="3.[151,1436,331,387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF92F667FF630E3AFEBD3B1E" bold="true" box="[151,272,332,355]" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements [µm; mean ± SD (minimum-maximum); 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF92F667FC540E3AFC003B1E" box="[928,941,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">n</emphasis>
= 20] of six morphotypes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF92F667FAE10E3DFE813BFE" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF92F667FAE10E3DFE813BFE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
da Cunha record in Brazilian sheep (
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF92F667FD4E0E1DFC8B3BFE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[698,806,363,387]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aries">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF92F667FD4E0E1DFC8B3BFE" box="[698,806,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Ovis aries</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF92F667FF6B0EE8FA8E3D4F" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<table id="F95E37A3FF92099BFF630EE8FA913D4F" box="[151,1340,414,1842]" gridcols="4" gridrows="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630EE8FA913BC9" box="[151,1340,414,436]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630EE8FD043BC9" box="[151,681,414,436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Characters</th>
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0EE8FCE53BC9" box="[697,840,414,436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF92F667FD4D0EE8FCE53BC9" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[697,840,414,436]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="monacanthum">monacanthum</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460EE8FBEF3BC9" box="[946,1090,414,436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF92F667FC460EE8FB853BC9" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1925" box="[946,1064,414,436]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="diacanthum">diacanthum</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0EE8FA913BC9" box="[1194,1340,414,436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF92F667FB5E0EE8FA8E3BC9" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[1194,1315,414,436]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="triacanthum">triacanthum</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630EBEFA913B80" box="[151,1340,456,509]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630EBEFD043B80" box="[151,681,456,509]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Body length</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0EBEFCE53B80" box="[697,840,456,509]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">69.51 ± 7.17 (58.92–81.54)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460EBEFBEF3B80" box="[946,1090,456,509]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">69.83 ± 8.80 (59.38–87.84)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0EBEFA913B80" box="[1194,1340,456,509]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">68.72 ± 9.32 (59.89–92.38)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630D66FA913838" box="[151,1340,528,581]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630D66FD043838" box="[151,681,528,581]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Body width</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0D66FCE53838" box="[697,840,528,581]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">53.13 ± 5.71 (46.68–67.46)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460D66FBEF3838" box="[946,1090,528,581]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">55.44 ± 5.47 (47.41–65.39)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0D66FA913838" box="[1194,1340,528,581]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">54.00 ± 6.28 (47.32–70.78)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630D2EFA9138F0" box="[151,1340,600,653]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630D2EFD0438F0" box="[151,681,600,653]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Body length/body width</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0D2EFCE538F0" box="[697,840,600,653]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">1.31 ± 0.09 (1.16–1.51)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460D2EFBEF38F0" box="[946,1090,600,653]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">0.70± 0.07 (0.59–0.83)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0D2EFA9138F0" box="[1194,1340,600,653]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">1.27 ± 0.04 (1.21–1.37)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630DD6FA9138A8" box="[151,1340,672,725]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630DD6FD0438A8" box="[151,681,672,725]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Macronuclear length</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0DD6FCE538A8" box="[697,840,672,725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">40.48 ± 6.87 (26.34–58.86)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460DD6FBEF38A8" box="[946,1090,672,725]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">39.06 ±6.28 (29.81–51.61)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0DD6FA9138A8" box="[1194,1340,672,725]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">39.62 ± 7.16 (29.16–50.86)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630D9EFA913960" box="[151,1340,744,797]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630D9EFD043960" box="[151,681,744,797]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Macronuclear width</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0D9EFCE53960" box="[697,840,744,797]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">18.49 ± 2.84 (13.27–25.19)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460D9EFBEF3960" box="[946,1090,744,797]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">20.32 ± 2.67 (17.03–23.81)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0D9EFA913960" box="[1194,1340,744,797]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">18.28 ± 3.21 (14.91–24.61)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630C46FA913918" box="[151,1340,816,869]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630C46FD043918" box="[151,681,816,869]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Macronuclear length/macronuclear width</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0C46FCE53918" box="[697,840,816,869]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">2.21 ± 0.45 (1.77–3.79)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460C46FBEF3918" box="[946,1090,816,869]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">1.92 ± 0.26 (1.57–2.36)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0C46FA913918" box="[1194,1340,816,869]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">2.17 ± 0.24 (1.86–2.79)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630C0EFA9139D0" box="[151,1340,888,941]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630C0EFD0439D0" box="[151,681,888,941]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Macronuclear length/body length</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0C0EFCE539D0" box="[697,840,888,941]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">0.76 ± 0.08 (0.53–0.97)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460C0EFBEF39D0" box="[946,1090,888,941]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">0.70 ± 0.07 (0.59–0.83)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0C0EFA9139D0" box="[1194,1340,888,941]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">0.76 ± 0.09 (0.58–0.86)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630CB6FA913988" box="[151,1340,960,1013]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630CB6FD043988" box="[151,681,960,1013]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Micronuclear diameter</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0CB6FCE53988" box="[697,840,960,1013]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">6.16 ± 1.18 (3.94–8.32)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460CB6FBEF3988" box="[946,1090,960,1013]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">6.18 ± 1.13 (4.92–8.68)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0CB6FA913988" box="[1194,1340,960,1013]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">6.31 ± 1.32 (4.68–9.35)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630B7EFA913E40" box="[151,1340,1032,1085]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630B7EFD043E40" box="[151,681,1032,1085]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Distance from anterior end of the macronucleus to the micronucleus</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0B7EFCE53E40" box="[697,840,1032,1085]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">6.22 ± 1.76 (2.61–9.90)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460B7EFBEF3E40" box="[946,1090,1032,1085]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">6.76 ± 1.77 (4.37–10.14)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0B7EFA913E40" box="[1194,1340,1032,1085]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">6.30 ± 1.54 (3.51–8.62)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630B17FA913E05" box="[151,1340,1121,1144]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630B17FD043E05" box="[151,681,1121,1144]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">continued.</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630BE2FA913ED7" box="[151,1340,1172,1194]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630BE2FD043ED7" box="[151,681,1172,1194]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Characters</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0BE2FCE53ED7" box="[697,840,1172,1194]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF92F667FD4D0BE2FC903ED7" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[697,829,1172,1194]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tetracanthum">tetracanthum</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460BE2FBEF3ED7" box="[946,1090,1172,1194]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF92F667FC470BE2FBEC3ED7" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[947,1089,1172,1194]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pentacanthum">pentacanthum</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0BE2FA913ED7" box="[1194,1340,1172,1194]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF92F667FB590BE2FA953ED7" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[1197,1336,1172,1194]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">anisacanthum</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630BC8FA913E8F" box="[151,1340,1214,1266]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630BC8FD043E8F" box="[151,681,1214,1266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Body length</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0BC8FCE53E8F" box="[697,840,1214,1266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">69.27 ± 5.81 (58.30–78.02)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460BC8FBEF3E8F" box="[946,1090,1214,1266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">66.76 ± 6.43 (60.97–77.53)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0BC8FA913E8F" box="[1194,1340,1214,1266]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">78.02 ± 6.32 (61.11–78.33)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630A70FA913F47" box="[151,1340,1286,1338]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630A70FD043F47" box="[151,681,1286,1338]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Body width</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0A70FCE53F47" box="[697,840,1286,1338]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">53.39 ± 4.15 (45.43–61.61)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460A70FBEF3F47" box="[946,1090,1286,1338]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">53.01 ± 5.76 (45.95–57.59)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0A70FA913F47" box="[1194,1340,1286,1338]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">56.24 ± 2.76 (51.29–59.08)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630A38FA913FFF" box="[151,1340,1358,1410]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630A38FD043FFF" box="[151,681,1358,1410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Body length/body width</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0A38FCE53FFF" box="[697,840,1358,1410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">1.30 ± 0.11 (1.12–1.52)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460A38FBEF3FFF" box="[946,1090,1358,1410]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">1.26 ± 0.10 (1.06–1.43)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0A38FA913FFF" box="[1194,1340,1358,1410]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">1.32 ± 0.11 (1.10–1.42)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630AE0FA913FB7" box="[151,1340,1430,1482]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630AE0FD043FB7" box="[151,681,1430,1482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Macronuclear length</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0AE0FCE53FB7" box="[697,840,1430,1482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">41.42 ± 4.06 (35.00–49.97)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460AE0FBEF3FB7" box="[946,1090,1430,1482]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">39.84 ± 6.61 (30.53–56.26)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0AE0FA913FB7" box="[1194,1340,1430,1482]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">46.13 ± 5.84 (38.55–51.86)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630AA8FA913C6F" box="[151,1340,1502,1554]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630AA8FD043C6F" box="[151,681,1502,1554]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Macronuclear width</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0AA8FCE53C6F" box="[697,840,1502,1554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">17.87 ± 3.40 (13.11–26.86)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460AA8FBEF3C6F" box="[946,1090,1502,1554]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">18.90 ± 2.80 (15.13–23.98)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0AA8FA913C6F" box="[1194,1340,1502,1554]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">18.72 ± 2.71 (17.08–24.32)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630950FA913C27" box="[151,1340,1574,1626]" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630950FD043C27" box="[151,681,1574,1626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Macronuclear length/macronuclear width</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0950FCE53C27" box="[697,840,1574,1626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">2.37 ± 0.38 (1.86–3.33)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460950FBEF3C27" box="[946,1090,1574,1626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">2.13 ± 0.37 (1.50–2.74)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0950FA913C27" box="[1194,1340,1574,1626]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">2.77 ± 0.51 (1.72–2.99)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630918FA913CDF" box="[151,1340,1646,1698]" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630918FD043CDF" box="[151,681,1646,1698]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Macronuclear length/body length</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0918FCE53CDF" box="[697,840,1646,1698]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">0.77 ± 0.05 (0.66–0.88)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460918FBEF3CDF" box="[946,1090,1646,1698]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">0.75 ± 0.12 (0.56–0.98)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0918FA913CDF" box="[1194,1340,1646,1698]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">0.87 ± 0.07 (0.72–0.89)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF6309C0FA913C97" box="[151,1340,1718,1770]" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF6309C0FD043C97" box="[151,681,1718,1770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Micronuclear diameter</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D09C0FCE53C97" box="[697,840,1718,1770]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">5.37 ± 1.37 (2.17–7.94)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC4609C0FBEF3C97" box="[946,1090,1718,1770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">6.03 ± 0.88 (3.91–7.29)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E09C0FA913C97" box="[1194,1340,1718,1770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">7.68 ± 1.14 (5.52–8.95)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356EC741FF92099BFF630988FA913D4F" box="[151,1340,1790,1842]" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
<th id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFF630988FD043D4F" box="[151,681,1790,1842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Distance from anterior end of the macronucleus to the micronucleus</th>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFD4D0988FCE53D4F" box="[697,840,1790,1842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">6.26 ± 1.34 (4.12–9.71)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFC460988FBEF3D4F" box="[946,1090,1790,1842]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">6.22 ± 1.54 (4.00–10.01)</td>
<td id="76BFAE3DFF92099BFB5E0988FA913D4F" box="[1194,1340,1790,1842]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">6.35 ± 1.17 (6.18–9.07)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3449688FF92F660FF330801FBFE3990" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF92F660FF330801FC563AA9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1911,2008]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,1005]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">
According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999) different 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF92F667FAFA0801FE993DC9" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF92F667FAFA0801FE993DC9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotypes should be classified as subspecies, since they were described before 1960. Thus, in this study we propose to rename them: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF92F667FDA808C9FBEA3DAA" box="[604,1095,1983,2007]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="monacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF92F667FDA808C9FBEA3DAA" box="[604,1095,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Diplodinium anisacanthum monacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF92F660FB9408C9FEB63ACD" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="253" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="252" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="diacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF92F660FB9408C9FEB63ACD" italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="3" pageNumber="252">Diplodinium anisacanthum diacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FEC50FEEFCA93ACD" box="[305,772,152,176]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="triacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FEC50FEEFCA93ACD" box="[305,772,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">Diplodinium anisacanthum triacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FCEE0FEEFB553ACD" box="[794,1272,152,176]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="tetracanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FCEE0FEEFB553ACD" box="[794,1272,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">Diplodinium anisacanthum tetracanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FAFA0FEEFE453AA9" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="pentancanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FAFA0FEEFE453AA9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">Diplodinium anisacanthum pentancanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FDEA0FCAFC5E3AA9" authority="anisacanthum" box="[542,1011,188,212]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="subSpecies" species="anisacanthum" subSpecies="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FDEA0FCAFC5E3AA9" box="[542,1011,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">Diplodinium anisacanthum anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF95F660FF330FA9FB7A3BD0" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
Caudal projections are used as species diagnostic feature in family 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FC1A0FA9FB153A85" box="[1006,1208,223,248]" class="Ciliatea" family="Ophryoscolecidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Entodiniomorphida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Ophryoscolecidae</taxonomicName>
by several authors following the taxonomic classification proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF95F660FD1A0E72FBEC3B61" author="Kofoid" box="[750,1089,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" refString="Kofoid, C. A. &amp; MacLennan, R. F. (1932) Ciliates from Bos indicus. II. The genus Diplodinium Schuberg. University of California Publications in Zoology, 37, 53 - 152." type="journal article" year="1932">Kofoid &amp; MacLennan (1932)</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF95F660FBA60E72FA3A3B61" author="Kofoid" box="[1106,1431,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" refString="Kofoid, C. A. &amp; Christenson, J. F. (1933) Ciliates from Bos gaurus H. Smith. University of California Publications in Zoology, 33, 471 - 544." type="journal article" year="1933">Kofoid &amp; Christenson 1933</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF95F660FF630E51FEEC3B3D" author="Dehority" box="[151,321,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" refString="Dehority, B. A. (1979) Ciliate protozoa in the rumen of Brazilian water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus. Journal of Protozoology, 26, 536 - 544. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1550 - 7408.1979. tb 04191. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Dehority 1979</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF95F660FEA60E51FE203B3D" author="Dehority" box="[338,397,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" refString="Dehority, B. A. (1986) Rumen ciliate fauna of some Brazilian cattle: Occurrence of several ciliates new to the rumen, including the cyclopsthid Parentodinium africanum. Journal of Protozoology, 33, 416 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1550 - 7408.1986. tb 05633. x" type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF95F660FE690E51FD833B3D" author="Clarke" box="[413,558,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" refString="Clarke, R. T. J. (1964) Ciliates of the rumen of domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.). New Zeland Journal of Agricultural Research, 7, 248 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00288233.1964.10416409" type="journal article" year="1964">Clarke 1964</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF95F660FDCB0E51FD7A3B3D" author="Baraka" box="[575,727,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" refString="Baraka, T. A. (2012) Comparative studies of rumen pH, total protozoa, generic and species composition of ciliates in Camel, Buffalo, Sheep and Goat in Egypt. Journal of American Science, 8, 655 - 669." type="journal article" year="2012">Baraka 2012</bibRefCitation>
). However, according Latteur (1966; 1970) many species of ophryoscolecid ciliates present considerable polymorphism and this profoundly influences the morphology of the posterior end of the body. Latteur (1966; 1970) suggests that variations in caudal projections should not be used in the species diagnosis in family 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FE020EE2FD6D3BD0" box="[502,704,404,429]" class="Ciliatea" family="Ophryoscolecidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Entodiniomorphida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Ophryoscolecidae</taxonomicName>
because often constitute intraspecific variation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF95F660FF330EC1FBD2381D" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
Polymorphism in ophryoscolecid ciliates was reported by some authors and to be influenced by factors such as interactions between the ciliates, especially those of predation and cannibalism (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF95F660FBB90EAAFA3A3B89" author="Poljansky" box="[1101,1431,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" refString="Poljansky, G. &amp; Strelkow, A. (1938) Etude experimentale sur la variabilite de quelques Ophryoscolecides. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 80, 1 - 123." type="journal article" year="1938">Poljansky &amp; Strelkow 1938</bibRefCitation>
; Latteur 1966; Martinele &amp; D'Agosto 2008). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF95F660FD680E89FC4A3865" author="Williams" box="[668,999,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" refString="Williams, A. G. &amp; Coleman, G. S. (1992) The Rumen Protozoa. Springer, New York, 423 pp." type="book" year="1992">Williams &amp; Coleman (1992)</bibRefCitation>
reported that in monoclonal cultures, spines in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FEE80D52FDF03841" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1927" box="[284,605,548,572]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pentacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FEE80D52FDF03841" box="[284,605,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">Diplodinium pentacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gradually become smaller, tending to disappear, suggesting that environmental factors possibly determine the presence and number of caudal projections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF95F660FF330D1AFB8F3969" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF95F660FF330D1AFDA738F9" author="Williams" box="[199,522,620,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" refString="Williams, A. G. &amp; Coleman, G. S. (1992) The Rumen Protozoa. Springer, New York, 423 pp." type="book" year="1992">Williams &amp; Coleman (1992)</bibRefCitation>
observed that caudal projections in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FC570D1AFA8938F8" authority="Stein, 1858" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1858" box="[931,1316,620,645]" class="Ciliatea" family="Ophryoscolecidae" genus="Entodinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Entodiniomorphida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="caudatum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FC570D1AFB3638F9" box="[931,1179,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">Entodinium caudatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF95F660FB500D1AFA8938F8" author="Stein" box="[1188,1316,620,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" refString="Stein, F. (1858) Uber mehrere neue im Pansen der Widerkiiuer lebende Infusionstiere. Abhandlungen der k. Bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, 10, 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1858">Stein, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
are lost in monoclonal cultures. However, the insertion of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FD2F0DE6FBEF38D5" authority="Stein, 1858" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1858" box="[731,1090,655,680]" class="Ciliatea" family="Ophryoscolecidae" genus="Entodinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Entodiniomorphida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bursa">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FD2F0DE6FC0038D5" box="[731,941,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">Entodinium bursa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF95F660FC4F0DF9FBEF38D5" author="Stein" box="[955,1090,655,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" refString="Stein, F. (1858) Uber mehrere neue im Pansen der Widerkiiuer lebende Infusionstiere. Abhandlungen der k. Bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, 10, 69 - 70." type="journal article" year="1858">
Stein, 
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the culture promotes the emergence of caudal projections in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FDCF0DC3FD6038B1" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1858" box="[571,717,692,716]" class="Ciliatea" family="Ophryoscolecidae" genus="Entodinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Entodiniomorphida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="caudatum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FDCF0DC3FD6038B1" box="[571,717,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">E. caudatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which may be related to the fact that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FB560DC3FAA838B1" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1858" box="[1186,1285,692,716]" class="Ciliatea" family="Ophryoscolecidae" genus="Entodinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Entodiniomorphida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bursa">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FB560DC3FAA838B1" box="[1186,1285,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">E. bursa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
be the main predator of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FEEE0DAFFE05388D" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1858" box="[282,424,728,752]" class="Ciliatea" family="Ophryoscolecidae" genus="Entodinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Entodiniomorphida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="caudatum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FEEE0DAFFE05388D" box="[282,424,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">E. caudatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The author suggests that the presence of the spine decreases predation, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FAC80DAFFA31388D" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1858" box="[1340,1436,728,752]" class="Ciliatea" family="Ophryoscolecidae" genus="Entodinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Entodiniomorphida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bursa">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FAC80DAFFA31388D" box="[1340,1436,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">E. bursa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
engulfs 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FF040D8BFED03969" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1858" box="[240,381,764,788]" class="Ciliatea" family="Ophryoscolecidae" genus="Entodinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Entodiniomorphida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="caudatum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FF040D8BFED03969" box="[240,381,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">E. caudatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the posterior region, thus the spine difficults the process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF95F660FF330C69FB9D39D8" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
Imai 
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FEF70C57FE9B3945" box="[259,310,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">et al</emphasis>
. (2002) studied transfaunation processes and establishment of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FBF10C56FA313945" authority="Dogiel, 1925" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1925" box="[1029,1436,799,824]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="rangiferi">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FBF10C56FB533945" box="[1029,1278,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">Diplodinium rangiferi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFB8F2FF95F660FAFC0C69FA313945" author="Dogiel" box="[1288,1436,799,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" refString="Dogiel, V. A. (1925) Nouveaux infusiores de la famille de Ophryoscolecidae parasites d' antilopes africaines. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 3, 116 - 142." type="journal article" year="1925">Dogiel, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
between wild ruminants (
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FE480C32FCD73920" authority="Kishida, 1936" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1936" box="[444,890,836,861]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="centralis">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FE480C32FD623921" box="[444,719,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">Cervus nippon centralis</emphasis>
Kishida, 1936
</taxonomicName>
) and domestic cattle (
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FB880C33FB5A3921" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1148,1271,837,860]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurus">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FB880C33FB5A3921" box="[1148,1271,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">Bos taurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.). Inoculate specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FEC60C1FFE1439FD" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1925" box="[306,441,872,896]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="rangiferi">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FEC60C1FFE1439FD" box="[306,441,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">D. rangiferi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without caudal spines for the rumen of deer for the rumen of calves, after two weeks of inoculation, noticed the presence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FDD80CFBFD1F39D9" authorityName="Dogiel" authorityYear="1925" box="[556,690,908,932]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="rangiferi">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FDD80CFBFD1F39D9" box="[556,690,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">D. rangiferi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with caudal projections in calves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1C503FF95F660FF330CD9FBFE3990" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">
There is no information on how polymorphism of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBE80FF95F660FCE10CC6FBE739B5" authorityName="Cunha" authorityYear="1914" box="[789,1098,944,968]" class="Kinetofragminophora" family="Blepharocorythidae" genus="Diplodinium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Trichostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="253" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anisacanthum">
<emphasis id="B92A1911FF95F660FCE10CC6FBE739B5" box="[789,1098,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="253">Diplodinium anisacanthum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
correlates to molecular data, since there are only two sequences of this species available in the GenBank database.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>