202 lines
22 KiB
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202 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac072" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c606f4ca-fdd4-4179-ab62-881c546b6e35" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7813977" ID-ZooBank="010109AB-79F5-4E6D-909B-08BB1803E589" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" approvalRequired="7" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="6" checkinTime="1680597801025" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Almeida, Ana Laura, Álvarez-Presas, Marta & Carbayo, Fernando" docDate="2023" docId="03C49B736947FF88FC1373E5B61A718F" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac072.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac072" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Polycladus Blanchard 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="877" masterDocId="FFFDE30B6960FFA0FFA67018B47C7735" masterDocTitle="The discovery of new Chilean taxa revolutionizes the systematics of Geoplaninae Neotropical land planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)" masterLastPageNumber="898" masterPageNumber="837" pageNumber="876" updateTime="1681146492474" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The discovery of new Chilean taxa revolutionizes the systematics of Geoplaninae Neotropical land planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Almeida, Ana Laura</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Álvarez-Presas, Marta</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carbayo, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-11-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>197</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>837</mods:start>
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<mods:end>898</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac072</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac072</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">c606f4ca-fdd4-4179-ab62-881c546b6e35</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7813977</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">010109AB-79F5-4E6D-909B-08BB1803E589</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7797671" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7797671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C49B736947FF88FC1373E5B61A718F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C49B736947FF88FC1373E5B61A718F" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="877" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">
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<subSubSection box="[949,1320,1021,1046]" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[949,1320,1021,1046]" box="[949,1320,1021,1046]" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">
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<heading box="[949,1320,1021,1046]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7PTHP" ID-ENA="1292353" authority="BLANCHARD, 1845" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[949,1320,1021,1046]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Polycladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[949,1105,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">POLYCLADUS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Blanchard E" box="[1111,1320,1021,1046]" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" pagination="119 - 149" refId="ref37065" refString="Blanchard E. 1845. Recherches sur l'organisation des vers. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 3 e serie 8: 119 - 149." type="journal article" year="1845">BLANCHARD, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="876" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[827,1443,1093,1146]" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">
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<emphasis box="[827,975,1094,1115]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">
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<typeStatus box="[827,881,1094,1115]" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Blanchard, 1845" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[988,1371,1093,1115]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Polycladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gayi">
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<emphasis box="[988,1171,1093,1115]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Polycladus gayi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Blanchard E" box="[1179,1371,1093,1115]" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" pagination="119 - 149" refId="ref37065" refString="Blanchard E. 1845. Recherches sur l'organisation des vers. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 3 e serie 8: 119 - 149." type="journal article" year="1845">Blanchard, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fixed by monotypy by Ogren & Kawakatsu (1990).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="876" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[827,1443,1186,1331]" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">
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<emphasis box="[827,1000,1186,1208]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Neae diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[1013,1140,1186,1208]" pageId="39" pageNumber="893" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Polycladini">Polycladini</taxonomicName>
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with mouth and gonopore in the posterior-quarter of the body. Copulatory apparatus with a well-developed penis papilla. Female genital canal with dorsal entrance into the genital antrum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[827,1246,1372,1394]" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[827,1246,1372,1394]" box="[827,1246,1372,1394]" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">
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<emphasis box="[827,972,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Distribution:</emphasis>
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As for that of the tribe.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="877" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="39.[827,1444,1418,1900]" lastBlockId="40.[145,762,197,1722]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="877" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">
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<emphasis box="[827,1345,1418,1440]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">
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Remarks on the neae tribe
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[1187,1335,1418,1440]" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" rank="tribe" tribe="Polycladini">Polycladini</taxonomicName>
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:
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</emphasis>
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In the molecular phylogenies,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[1105,1231,1449,1470]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Polycladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1105,1231,1449,1470]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Polycladus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is represented by an unidentified specimen. This specimen is retrieved as a sister to
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<taxonomicName box="[1001,1095,1511,1532]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Gusana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1001,1095,1511,1532]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Gusana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in all analyses. Apart from the unidentified
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<taxonomicName box="[1034,1206,1541,1563]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Polycladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis box="[1034,1164,1541,1562]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Polycladus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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(in:
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<bibRefCitation author="Carbayo F & Alvarez-Presas M & Olivares CT & Marques FPL & Froehlich EM & Riutort M" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" pagination="508 - 528" refId="ref37194" refString="Carbayo F, Alvarez-Presas M, Olivares CT, Marques FPL, Froehlich EM, Riutort M. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta 42: 508 - 528." type="journal article" year="2013">
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Carbayo
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<emphasis box="[1375,1436,1541,1563]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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), only
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[973,1166,1572,1593]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Polycladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gayi">
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<emphasis box="[973,1166,1572,1593]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Polycladus gayi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is formally described. The diagnosis of the genus was revised by
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<bibRefCitation author="Graff LV" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" pagination="75 - 93" refId="ref37926" refString="Graff LV. 1896. Uber das System und die geographische Verbreitung der Landplanarien. Verhandlungen der Deutsche Zoologischen Gesellschaft 6: 75 - 93." type="journal article" year="1896">Graff (1896)</bibRefCitation>
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and Ogren & Kawakatsu (1990). The most remarkable features of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[1131,1266,1664,1685]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Polycladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1131,1266,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Polycladus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are the large size of the body and a body width of 40% of the body length. Only some species of
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<taxonomicName authority="(Geoplanini)" baseAuthorityName="Geoplanini" box="[1192,1442,1725,1747]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Obama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1192,1279,1725,1746]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Obama</emphasis>
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(Geoplanini)
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</taxonomicName>
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resemble
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[942,1069,1756,1777]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Polycladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[942,1069,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Polycladus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in this aspect, but their bodies do not reach such a width. Therefore,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[1259,1384,1786,1807]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Polycladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1259,1384,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Polycladus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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does not fit into any tribe, except
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<taxonomicName authority="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo, 2023" authorityName="Almeida & Álvarez-Presas & Carbayo" authorityYear="2023" box="[1169,1304,1817,1839]" pageId="39" pageNumber="893" rank="tribe" status="tribe nov." tribe="Polycladini">Polycladini</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[1316,1443,1817,1838]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Polycladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="39" pageNumber="876" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1316,1443,1817,1838]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="876">Polycladus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also presents two additional exclusive traits, as discussed below, namely, a transverse subneural parenchymal muscle and a longitudinal transneural parenchymal muscle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="40.[145,762,197,1722]" pageId="40" pageNumber="877">
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Several works have dealt with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[525,703,258,280]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Polycladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gayi">
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<emphasis box="[525,703,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="877">Polycladus gayi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see:
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<bibRefCitation author="Barahona-Segovia RM & Araya JF & Paninao-Monsalvez L" box="[145,484,289,311]" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" pagination="595 - 600" refId="ref37024" refString="Barahona-Segovia RM, Araya JF, Paninao-Monsalvez L. 2020. New records of the giant planarian Polycladus gayi Blanchard, 1845 (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) with notes on its conservation biology. Zootaxa 4822: 595 - 600." type="journal article" year="2020">
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Barahona-Segovia
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<emphasis box="[360,416,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="877">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2020
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</bibRefCitation>
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and references therein), but actually only
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<bibRefCitation author="Graff LV" box="[363,511,320,342]" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" refId="ref37952" refString="Graff LV. 1899. Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Atlas Von Achtundfunfzig Tafeln zur Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien), pls I - LVIII. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1899">Graff (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt AT" box="[576,760,320,342]" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" pagination="545 - 564" refId="ref39103" refString="Schmidt AT. 1902. Zur Kenntnis der Tricladenaugen und der Anatomie von Polycladus gayi. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 72: 545 - 564." type="journal article" year="1902">Schmidt (1902)</bibRefCitation>
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have reported details of its internal morphology. The most conspicuous characteristic of this genus is the extraordinarily wide (2.4 times as long as wide in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[145,222,443,464]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Polycladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gayi">
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<emphasis box="[145,222,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="877">P. gayi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and flattened body (
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<bibRefCitation author="Graff LV" box="[479,611,442,464]" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" refId="ref37952" refString="Graff LV. 1899. Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Atlas Von Achtundfunfzig Tafeln zur Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien), pls I - LVIII. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1899">Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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), along with marginal eyes only (
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<bibRefCitation author="Graff LV" box="[383,514,473,495]" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" refId="ref37952" refString="Graff LV. 1899. Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Atlas Von Achtundfunfzig Tafeln zur Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien), pls I - LVIII. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1899">Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt AT" box="[528,695,473,495]" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" pagination="545 - 564" refId="ref39103" refString="Schmidt AT. 1902. Zur Kenntnis der Tricladenaugen und der Anatomie von Polycladus gayi. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 72: 545 - 564." type="journal article" year="1902">Schmidt, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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). The musculature of the species is not clearly understood.
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<bibRefCitation author="Graff LV" box="[145,282,534,556]" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" refId="ref37952" refString="Graff LV. 1899. Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Atlas Von Achtundfunfzig Tafeln zur Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien), pls I - LVIII. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1899">Graff (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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detailed illustrations of the cutaneous and parenchymal muscles (
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<bibRefCitation author="Graff LV" box="[409,537,565,587]" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" refId="ref37952" refString="Graff LV. 1899. Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Atlas Von Achtundfunfzig Tafeln zur Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien), pls I - LVIII. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1899">Graff, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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: plate 30, figs 3, 4). The cutaneous musculature is described as comprising three muscle layers, namely, a layer of circular muscle, a layer of diagonal fibres and a third innermost layer of longitudinal muscle. The parenchymal musculature shown in Graff’s drawing of a transverse section of the body (plate 30, fig. 3) is depicted as being comprised of ‘obere Transversalmuskeln’, ‘mittlere Transversalmuskeln’ and ‘ ventrale Transversalmuskeln’. The two latter muscles are crossed by fibres of ‘ventrale Longitudinalmuskeln’. In another drawing of a sagittal section (plate 30, fig. 4), only ‘dorsale Longitudinalmuskeln’ and ‘dorsoventrale Muskeln’ are depicted. The ‘dorsale Longitudinalmuskeln’ are represented with dashed lines, suggesting that they might not be longitudinal but diagonal. Although
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<bibRefCitation author="Graff LV" box="[451,607,1056,1078]" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" refId="ref37952" refString="Graff LV. 1899. Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Atlas Von Achtundfunfzig Tafeln zur Monographie der Turbellarien II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien), pls I - LVIII. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann." type="book" year="1899">Graff (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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stated that the parenchymal musculature in land planarians consists of longitudinal, transverse and dorsoventral fibres, all Geoplaninae (except
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. M. Froehlich" authorityYear="1978" box="[528,627,1148,1169]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Timyma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[528,627,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="877">Timyma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) present a dorsal parenchymal layer of diagonal muscle. In our experience, the orientation of the fibres of the cutaneous and parenchymal muscle layers in Geoplaninae is best discerned, if not only, on horizontal sections (for an example, see
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<figureCitation box="[296,395,1301,1323]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[145,223,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[148,1411,918,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-133@18.[145,935,1316,1737]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. Transandiplana graui sp. nov. Photomicrographs of horizontal sections of the anterior region of the body (A–D) and of transverse sections of the pre-pharyngeal region (E–F). A, B, ventral region showing the main nerve cords.The region within the rectangle in (A) is enlarged in (B). C, dorsal region showing cutaneous and parenchymal muscles. D, ventral region showing the subintestinal parenchymal muscle. E, F, testes surrounded by pigmented covering (arrowheads)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814007/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="877">Figs 14C</figureCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[408,452,1301,1322]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="23.[163,241,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,637,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-68@23.[163,1444,1119,1765]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 18. Harana harai sp. nov. Photomicrographs. A, B, transverse-horizontal sections of the anterior portion of the body, showing the longitudinal tube (arrowhead); anterior region of the body is to the upper side in (B). C, sagittal section through the pharynx and copulatory apparatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814015/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="877">18B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[465,540,1301,1323]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="32.[145,222,1244,1266]" captionTargetBox="[150,1425,195,1195]" captionTargetId="figure-301@32.[145,1031,211,722]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 25. Myoplana joaopauloi sp. nov. Photomicrographs. A, transverse section of the pre-pharyngeal region. B, horizontal section of the dorsal region of the body showing the muscle layers. C, horizontal section of the ventral region of the body showing the muscle layers. D, transverse section of the ventral region of the body. E, sagittal section behind the pharyngeal pouch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814029/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="877">25B, C</figureCitation>
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||
of this paper).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="40.[145,762,197,1722]" pageId="40" pageNumber="877">
|
||
Summing up, apart from the dorsoventral muscle fibres, the parenchymal musculature in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1845" box="[589,761,1362,1384]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Polycladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="40" pageNumber="877" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gayi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[589,761,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="877">Polycladus gayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises a dorsal layer of decussate fibres (‘dorsale Longitudinalmuskeln’), a transverse supraintestinal muscle (‘obere Transversalmuskeln’), a transverse subintestinal muscle (‘mittlere Transversalmuskeln’), a transverse subneural muscle (‘ ventrale Transversalmuskeln’) and a longitudinal transneural muscle (‘ventrale Longitudinalmuskeln’), which is intermingledwithfibresofthesubintestinalandsubneural muscles. The transverse subneural parenchymal muscle and the parenchymal transneural layer of longitudinal muscle are unique among the Geoplaninae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |