204 lines
39 KiB
XML
204 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="21C6E3151FB61FE8F41F914969433FAC" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883381" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711484105509" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Georgieva, Magdalena N., Little, Crispin T. S., Watson, Jonathan S., Sephton, Mark A., Ball, Alexander D. & Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2019" docId="03C0814B9039FFBE3F6EFC064A42FB96" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.17.4.287-329.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362" docStyle="DocumentStyle:602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545.3:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Annelida Lamarck 1809" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="291" masterDocId="FFF9F933903CFFBB3E4CFFA14E0EFF1E" masterDocTitle="Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps" masterLastPageNumber="329" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="291" updateTime="1712152207945" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="A5C9FC096AE7E3EDC0DEFB8CC4F272A5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="496C7CC1877D5C37A79059871D7050F3">
|
||
<mods:title id="3F8CE9D25FEBD0EB829247FC0D016E9A">Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="D853374315529598FC85450E9298F591" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="FEB9A919ED28A779D69F2DF7D1B72B1C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="862DBC0180ED110B158193713097A9E1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8CCD913877EC4B0E1EAD234F76898BFE">Georgieva, Magdalena N.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="5BF69709C5BD781BE0B7D4AF96F8C362">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; & School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="FBF0318445800C535FE7F28D46969711" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A3023958CF1A6EC1E7F316CAD194BC12">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="434540E990D06678B2F0A5D0EB02C91F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BDE2B20C8D1DB1940CC3616256ADD471">Little, Crispin T. S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="ADAE00FC99A4F88AD989375E6018E32B">School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4E43638321816C88ECDF876A0A657243" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C004B5603A75C3CCCEF1B8D0C64FC8F5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CCBF755A51A0F32763BC200F4485F514">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5BC1109ED1CEF81D67F1E1E2AC1249C7">Watson, Jonathan S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="F7A3044CAA804356DE57B7B81593F987">Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="231FB7548C43D75457A537EBAD6CEC7A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BDA850FE03F3FB9876338A2F48464461">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="63AC3AD25BFF78AF2DF13EF9867C17CE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="89A16EA74FD0ADD9088C56EEDC46CE5A">Sephton, Mark A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="0C532C172AE1753824AE658AF5C62FFA">Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="141932A0E238B7BBBEBD208FF745A9BB" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="73D4282F1434C638D08B9BF30B4F8287">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1FED65D89FFA0967BCD9E85D8967BAB0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F4B5FEFCB2F15EAB0AA0C862C195196A">Ball, Alexander D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="C6D27928C00183E4EB7DB71122037B6C">Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A3A6555CD1A148B6A7B9888BFD59CE67" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3AD43D920CDAD7F111CD83AAB1B44509">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A55763B708C95022D24FF1F6513937B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="21C6615ED34E0E5FB4AFC97036C2D62F">Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="E8C4B1F118ED82DF1C3A41EF221F46E4">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="EFAAB31DEB1022F77034DE1690DB1081">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="4AF5F1BE0D2C10839D16AE1E098EB30F" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E5066B9186805ADCC0355901F92425C7">
|
||
<mods:title id="692F585C736851D5B25AC6BE92B08747">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="9634FF75B67E3F766D251CB9DB99ADE6">
|
||
<mods:date id="A69F18AF3707015836251B81AF4C6E4B">2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="20A43A31CF5966E21219D3740EC45E90" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="2A70DEC1EB48EDD841BD140B8181947F">2017-12-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7310A26B1BC572DF7104EFCCA6CC5DC6" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="DB606DAB9229B000D0C52D1F575E3929">17</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4DA6697A8AF4EF468A208297E0CD6810" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="9DC1C0DA2CE42BF3DA260B61F54947F2">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="DF2366C946B8F903AB9576E4E3934383" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="58EE51BFA2FEE7E3B3A914CD8C3D93A8">287</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="23E9E0105EBED695EE4E051952983888">329</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="893962DDCCEB80B5D54781C2F8D98B4D">
|
||
<mods:url id="6BFF1F77F5DCEB0CD5016E38F0668965">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="634C7142AF46C5A2513116BC2848825A">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AD1018A19E71AC8E02725049CD41218A" type="DOI">10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CDF62D5D339E43DF9585F7ABBFF7E559" type="ISSN">1478-0941</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="85519D94D2DF87673BE124E2BF2FF5AA" type="Zenodo-Dep">10883381</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C0814B9039FFBE3F6EFC064A42FB96" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10912357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0814B9039FFBE3F6EFC064A42FB96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0814B9039FFBE3F6EFC064A42FB96" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69039FFBE3F6EFC064C47FCC0" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9039FFBE3F6EFC064C84FCA0" blockId="5.[290,650,935,958]" box="[290,650,935,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<heading id="D09E87319039FFBE3F6EFC064C84FCA0" box="[290,650,935,958]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" reason="6">
|
||
Phylum
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694BDE9039FFBE3F37FC064C84FCA0" ID-CoL="NN" ID-ENA="6340" authority="Lamarck, 1809" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1809" box="[379,650,935,958]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Annelida" rank="phylum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9039FFBE3F37FC064FECFCA0" bold="true" box="[379,482,935,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Annelida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9039FFBE3FA5FC064C84FCA0" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[489,650,935,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" refId="ref23919" refString="Lamarck, J. B. 1809. Philodophie zoologique, ou exposition des considerations´relatives a´l'histoire naturelle des Animaux. Dentu, Paris." type="book" year="1809">Lamarck, 1809</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9039FFBE3F28FC664C47FCC0" blockId="5.[356,585,967,990]" box="[356,585,967,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<heading id="D09E87319039FFBE3F28FC664C47FCC0" box="[356,585,967,990]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" reason="7">
|
||
Family
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9039FFBE3FFAFC664C47FCC0" box="[438,585,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69039FFBE3F29FC464C62FBC0" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9039FFBE3F29FC464C49FCE0" blockId="5.[357,583,999,1054]" box="[357,583,999,1022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9039FFBE3F29FC464C49FCE0" bold="true" box="[357,583,999,1022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">‘Rocky Knob tubes’</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9039FFBE3FE2FBA64FF0FB00" blockId="5.[357,583,999,1054]" box="[430,510,1031,1054]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3FFBFBA64FFBFB00" box="[439,501,1031,1054]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9039FFBE3ED3FBE94C72FB60" blockId="5.[159,781,1096,1246]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
||
2008 worm tubes Campbell, Francis, Collins, Gregory,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ADFEBF9039FFBE3EF6FBC64F06FB60" box="[186,264,1127,1150]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Nelson</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Greinert, & Aharon: 90, fig. 4b, c.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9039FFBE3ED3FB264F0DFBA0" blockId="5.[159,781,1096,1246]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">2010 worm tubes Saether, Little, & Campbell: 510, fig. 3c.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9039FFBE3ED3FB664C62FBC0" blockId="5.[159,781,1096,1246]" box="[159,620,1223,1246]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
||
2011?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694BDE9039FFBE3EA9FB664FC6FBC0" authority="Saether" authorityName="Saether" box="[229,456,1223,1246]" class="Polychaeta" family="Siboglinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Siboglinidae Saether</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 73, fig. 5.1e–i.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69039FFBE3ED3FB594FB4F9A0" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9039FFBE3ED3FB594CB3FAF0" blockId="5.[159,782,1272,1518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9039FFBE3ED3FB594F04FA11" bold="true" box="[159,266,1272,1295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
RK-5, block of many large-diameter tubes, mostly in the same orientation. RK-15B-6, block of small-diameter tubes mostly in the same orientation. RNT1, many similar-sized tubes, mostly in the same orientation. RNT2, dense aggregation of small-diameter tubes in a range of orientations. 12-RK, small and larger diameter tubes, mostly in the same orientation. Donated by K. A. Campbell and collected by C.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED78A8989039FFBE3C0FFA764C58FAF0" box="[579,598,1495,1518]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">T</collectionCode>
|
||
. S. Little.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9039FFBE3ED3F9A94FB4F9A0" blockId="5.[159,781,1544,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9039FFBE3ED3F9A94F22F901" bold="true" box="[159,300,1544,1567]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Rocky Knob, northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ADFEBF9039FFBE3C77F9A94CC1F901" box="[571,719,1544,1567]" country="New Zealand" name="Hawke's Bay" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Hawke’s Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
area, east coast of North Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37E70CD9039FFBE3FA6F9894C8FF921" box="[490,641,1576,1599]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9039FFBE3CD6F9864CA1F921" bold="true" box="[666,687,1575,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">~</emphasis>
|
||
38
|
||
<superScript id="7C1C9D159039FFBE3C86F9824CDDF92A" attach="none" box="[714,723,1571,1588]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">º</superScript>
|
||
19’S, 177
|
||
<superScript id="7C1C9D159039FFBE3E8BF9E24EDEF94A" attach="none" box="[199,208,1603,1620]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">º</superScript>
|
||
56’E). Seep carbonates occurring as isolated lenses in mudstone, Bexhaven Limestone Formation, Tolaga Group, Middle Miocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9039FFBE3FF0F9264CA4F980" author="Campbell, K. A. & Francis, D. A. & Collins, M. & Gregory, M. R. & Nelson, C. S. & Greinert, J. & Aharon, P." box="[444,682,1671,1694]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" pagination="83 - 105" refId="ref22087" refString="Campbell, K. A., Francis, D. A., Collins, M., Gregory, M. R., Nelson, C. S., Greinert, J. & Aharon, P. 2008. Hydrocarbon seep-carbonates of a Miocene forearc (East Coast Basin), North Island, New Zealand. Sedimentary Geology, 204, 83 - 105." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Campbell
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9039FFBE3C7DF9264C65F980" box="[561,619,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9039FFBE3CF1F9264F1EF9A0" author="Saether, K. P. & Little, C. T. S. & Campbell, K. A." pageId="5" pageNumber="291" pagination="507 - 517" refId="ref25244" refString="Saether, K. P., Little, C. T. S. & Campbell, K. A. 2010. A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 55, 507 - 517." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Saether
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9039FFBE3ED3F9064EDBF9A0" box="[159,213,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9039FFBE3F52F9064FA4F9A0" author="Saether, K. P." box="[286,426,1703,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" refId="ref25204" refString="Saether, K. P. 2011. A taxonomic and palaeobiogeographic study of the fossil fauna of Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, North Island, New Zealand. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Auckland, 479 pp." type="book" year="2011">Saether 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69039FFBE3ED3F9794A57FD8D" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9039FFBE3ED3F9794A57FD8D" blockId="5.[159,782,1752,1934]" lastBlockId="5.[845,1467,189,659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9039FFBE3ED3F9794F24F9F1" bold="true" box="[159,298,1752,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Carbonate tubes mostly straight and exhibiting a wide range of diameters, from 1.0 to
|
||
<quantity id="4C919DB89039FFBE3CCDF9564CD8F810" box="[641,726,1783,1806]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, preserved in clusters mostly of similar-sized tubes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3CFFF8B64EBDF850" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some clusters, tubes are preserved in the same orientation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3F46F8F64F6CF870" box="[266,354,1879,1902]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tubes are non-branching, large-diameter fragments taper somewhat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3C74F8D64C81F890" box="[568,655,1911,1934]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and some tube walls appear to be touching others (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3B4DFF1C4B7EFFCA" box="[1281,1392,189,212]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tube walls are mostly smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3A34FF7C4ADFFFEA" box="[1144,1233,221,244]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
); however, one tube exhibits small round textures on its surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3B15FF5C4BBDFE0A" box="[1369,1459,253,276]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
) while another small-diameter tube bears fine, long, continuous longitudinal wrinkles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3A34FE9C4AC7FE4A" box="[1144,1225,317,340]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tube walls appear to have been originally fibrous as in places torn fibres are preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3D8BFEDC4A15FE8A" box="[967,1051,381,404]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and some of the tubes also seem to have been originally flexible due to the occurrence of irregular tube cross-sections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3AD6FE1C4AFEFECA" box="[1178,1264,445,468]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tubes show pronounced organic content (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3AC4FE7D4AD3FEED" box="[1160,1245,476,499]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
; Supplementary File 1, Table S9). The tubes also appear originally to have been multi-layered (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3A7FFDBD4AD7FD2D" box="[1075,1241,540,563]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1E, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), with delamination occurring between some layers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3AE0FD9D4B0FFD4D" box="[1196,1281,572,595]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some tube sections show well-consolidated lamination that is many layers thick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3D94FDDD4A42FD8D" box="[984,1100,636,659]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69039FFBE3D01FD124A42FB96" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9039FFBE3D01FD124A42FB96" blockId="5.[845,1467,691,1160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9039FFBE3D01FD124DB5FDD4" bold="true" box="[845,955,691,714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Tubes from Rocky Knob have previously been tentatively ascribed to siboglinids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9039FFBE3A9EFD724B6AFDF4" author="Saether, K. P." box="[1234,1380,723,746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" refId="ref25204" refString="Saether, K. P. 2011. A taxonomic and palaeobiogeographic study of the fossil fauna of Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, North Island, New Zealand. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Auckland, 479 pp." type="book" year="2011">Saether 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, cluster and cladistic analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3A99FD534B28FC17" box="[1237,1318,754,777]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="33.[159,227,1382,1403]" captionTargetBox="[173,1453,183,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-184@33.[173,1453,183,1350]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 22. Strict consensus cladogram of the three most parsimonious trees of tubes built by a total of 43 modern annelid taxa (best score = 14.344, consistency index = 0.308, retention index = 0.629). The analysis was based on the 48 mostly morphological tube characters and was performed using implied character weighting (k = 3). Numbers on nodes represent groups present/contradicted support values. Symbols/colours indicate taxonomic affinities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883425/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Figs 22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3B79FD534B5EFC17" box="[1333,1360,754,777]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="35.[159,227,1159,1180]" captionTargetBox="[398,1229,183,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-242@35.[397,1230,183,1127]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 24. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectra of the organic tubes of vent and seep annelids. Spectra are offset on the absorbance axis, and key spectral absorbance peaks are labelled with the types of chemical bonds they represent: -NH, nitrogenhydrogen; -CH, carbon-hydrogen; -OH, oxygen-hydrogen. The regions of the tube analysed are as follows: Tevnia jerichonana (anterior, inner tube wall); Zenkevitchiana longissimi (middle, outer tube wall); Lamellibrachia anaximandri (posterior, outer tube wall); Sclerolinum contortum (anterior, outer tube wall); Alvinella sp. (middle); Spiochaetopterus izuensis (middle, outer tube wall)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883429/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">24</figureCitation>
|
||
) failed to place these tubes among the siboglinids or any other annelid families included in the analyses. Noting their similarity to vestimentiferan tubes, we therefore assign these tubes to the annelids only, as more information would be required to assign them to siboglinids. The abundance of these tubes at this ancient seep, large diameter range, generally smooth organic tube walls, and the thick, neatly multi-layered tube wall appearance in some of the specimens do suggest a vestimentiferan affinity. The round structures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3D86FB904A2DFB56" box="[970,1059,1073,1096]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
) present on the surface of a large-diameter tube may constitute the circular bases of aragonite botryoids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89039FFBE3DBCFBD04A31FB96" box="[1008,1087,1137,1160]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[159,227,1587,1608]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,184,1553]" captionTargetId="figure-78@6.[173,1453,183,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. ‘Rocky Knob tubes’, Middle Miocene, New Zealand. A, RK-5, larger tube fragments in hand specimen. B, RNT-1, smaller, parallel-aligned tubes, with one tube exhibiting fine longitudinal wrinkles on its surface (white arrow). C, 12-RK, detail of smooth tube wall. D, RNT-1, tube exhibiting round concretions on its surface. E, RK-15B-6B, tube in transverse section showing preserved torn fibres. F, RK-15B-6B, tube with irregular cross section suggesting it may originally have been flexible. G, RK-15B-6A, detail of join between three tubes with thick, multi-layered walls in transverse section; imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy (see online for colour version). H, detail of tube transverse section showing delamination of its thick, multi-layered tube wall. Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 2 mm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 100 µm; G, H = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883383/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |