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<document id="99D55E051113AC8E742B45158F7C16F2" ID-CLB-Dataset="29741" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4443.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb772898-fe24-438e-9a4a-1a98c5b393a8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1305628" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8CF7D069-783C-4D20-8A10-6987529AB4BE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1530775745819" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chris J. Hodgson &amp; Douglas J. Williams" docDate="2018" docId="03A687D07BEC0393EEA8FF34FB89FAA8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4443.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4443 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Discochiton vacuum Morrison" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="150" masterDocId="FF9FFFA87B780306EE3FFFACFFC6FFFD" masterDocTitle="Revision of the soft scale genus Paralecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with the introduction of three new genera and twenty new species" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="149" updateTime="1698552844880" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9C1D5DAB3CE71633EE4A96F1A33FB3FB">Revision of the soft scale genus Paralecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with the introduction of three new genera and twenty new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="621ABA133D6EB9F64B0361B88BEFFC1F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="171315BAE120CA6BF972513DEA74942F">
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<mods:namePart id="92225A896E28022D20B8047411272F5E">Chris J. Hodgson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B66BDF77CD7A6C47D2F6B73560E8BFF">Douglas J. Williams</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6D3E82F913AE62AB86A12007AE0EEEED">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="830909ABB21E470BDD684A2D1B8435E4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="833DB4D9EB7AF7A2A33C7B5403DAD88D">
<mods:date id="C39E38A4731D6A02C1E1664540E58A30">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6C7B78151E04CF13F067C3CBEF2CEF87">2018-07-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3FD1A7B233A85E922821C2813696AC17">4443</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="92F473D2018DC3B41FF7C7022B0ED31D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7831CBDD60B7C66141E4E4CD11BED744" type="CLB-Dataset">29741</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D34DE4349445A6175B678017699A7F6D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4443.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="E2802F2D7BEC0393EEA8FF34FB89FAA8" lastPageId="149" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="multiple">
<treatment id="03A687D07BEC0393EEA8FF34FB89FAA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981568" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146071252" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5981568" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687D07BEC0393EEA8FF34FB89FAA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687D07BEC0393EEA8FF34FB89FAA8" lastPageId="149" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<subSubSection id="C315654D7BEC0392EEA8FF34FCFEFF4F" box="[151,824,152,178]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB036C67BEC0392EEA8FF34FCFEFF4F" blockId="148.[151,824,152,211]" box="[151,824,152,178]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<heading id="D0F881AA7BEC0392EEA8FF34FCFEFF4F" bold="true" box="[151,824,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BEC0392EEA8FF34FCFEFF4F" bold="true" box="[151,824,152,178]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
Second-instar male of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457BEC0392EF91FF34FCFEFF4F" authority="(Morrison)" authorityName="Morrison" box="[430,824,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Discochiton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacuum">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BEC0392EF91FF34FD60FF4F" bold="true" box="[430,678,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Discochiton vacuum</emphasis>
(Morrison)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315654D7BEC0392EEA8FF16FF3EFF2E" box="[151,248,186,211]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB036C67BEC0392EEA8FF16FF3EFF2E" blockId="148.[151,824,152,211]" box="[151,248,186,211]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
(
<figureCitation id="13342A437BEC0392EEA0FF16FF37FF2E" box="[159,241,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="148.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,467,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@148.[151,1436,407,1999]" captionTargetPageId="148" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discochiton vacuum (Morrison), second-instar male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1305756/files/figure.png" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315654D7BEC0392EEA8FEAEFD28FEC2" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB036C67BEC0392EEA8FEAEFD28FEC2" blockId="148.[151,1437,258,355]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BEC0392EEA8FEAEFD87FEE6" bold="true" box="[151,577,258,283]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
Material examined.
<collectingCountry id="F31876567BEC0392EFABFEAEFDFAFEE6" box="[404,572,258,283]" name="Singapore" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
intercepted at
<collectingRegion id="49CBF8247BEC0392ECC5FEAFFCA1FEE7" box="[762,871,259,283]" country="Philippines" name="San Juan" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">San Juan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31876567BEC0392ED46FEAFFC00FEE6" box="[889,966,259,283]" name="United States of America" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
(5987), on leaf of orchid,
<date id="FFB110067BEC0392EB2BFEAEFAB4FEE6" box="[1300,1394,258,283]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" value="1922-09-22">22.ix.22</date>
, G. Vasquez (
<collectionCode id="ED1EAE037BEC0392EF3CFE8BFE9DFEC2" box="[259,347,295,319]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">USNM</collectionCode>
): 1/1 second-instar male (mainly g).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315654D7BEC0393EEF8FEE6FD3CFB39" lastPageId="149" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB036C67BEC0392EEF8FEE6FBF3FE9F" blockId="148.[151,1437,258,355]" box="[199,1077,330,355]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BEC0392EEF8FEE6FE34FE9E" bold="true" box="[199,498,330,355]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Slide-mounted specimen.</emphasis>
Body broadly oval. Length
<quantity id="4CF79B237BEC0392ED12FEE7FC43FE9F" box="[813,901,331,355]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="4CF79B237BEC0392EDE7FEE7FBF7FE9F" box="[984,1073,331,355]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF70664E7BEC0392EEA8F81BFCFBF830" box="[151,829,1975,1997]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1305756/files/figure.png" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" startId="148.[151,250,1975,1997]" targetBox="[172,1418,467,1958]" targetPageId="148">
<paragraph id="8BB036C67BEC0392EEA8F81BFCFBF830" blockId="148.[151,829,1975,1997]" box="[151,829,1975,1997]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BEC0392EEA8F81BFEE6F830" bold="true" box="[151,288,1975,1997]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">FIGURE 63.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457BEC0392EF1AF81BFDABF830" authority="(Morrison)" authorityName="Morrison" box="[293,621,1975,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Discochiton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacuum">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BEC0392EF1AF81BFE59F830" box="[293,415,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Discochiton</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BEC0392EF99F814FE33F830" box="[422,501,1976,1997]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">vacuum</emphasis>
(Morrison)
</taxonomicName>
, second-instar male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB036C67BED0393EEF8FF35FEF4FDA2" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BED0393EEF8FF35FEEFFF4D" box="[199,297,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Dorsum.</emphasis>
Derm membranous, without areolations. Marginal radial lines, stigmatic bands and clear areas absent. Dorsal setae absent. Dorsal pores present, each about 1.01.5 µm wide, sparse, apparently randomly distributed over dorsum. Dorsal tubular ducts of 2 sizes: (i) large ducts present submarginally, each with outer ductule about 6580 µm long, mainly in groups of 3 with their dermal openings very close together, with 12 groups between clefts anteriorly (total 28 ducts); each side with 3 or 4 groups of 3 between clefts (total 912), and 5 groups on abdomen (total 1315 on each side); and (ii) much smaller ducts, each with outer ductule about 25 µm long, as follows: submedial lines extending from each anal plate to about dorsad to each scape, each line with 2328 ducts, plus lines extending radially to margin, each with 24 ducts, with possibly 1 radial line on head, 1 extending towards each stigmatic cleft and 4 lines on each side of abdomen; also with 3 transverse lines medially, each with 24 ducts. Anal plates damaged and mainly missing, but each perhaps with a sharp bend in outer margin and slightly longer than wide; length of plates 135? µm, combined width about 100? µm. Anal fold with 1 pair of small setae along anterior margin, each lateral margin with 1 seta anteriorly and another posteriorly. Anal ring with 3 pairs of setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036C67BED0393EEF8FDC1FD60FCC5" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BED0393EEF8FDC1FEE4FD79" box="[199,290,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Margin.</emphasis>
Marginal ornamentation absent. Marginal setae finely spinose, each mostly slightly bent near apex with either a blunt or capitate apex, 79 µm long; with about 38 setae between anterior stigmatic clefts, each side with 13 or 14 between clefts and 3034 along abdominal margin. Stigmatic clefts narrow but quite shallow, each with a sclerotised inner margin and 3 stigmatic spines; all median spines missing, lateral spines all short, blunt and parallel-sided, length of each lateral spine 2025 µm. Eyespots each more or less round, located away from margin on dorsum, diameter of each lens about 20 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB036C67BED0393EEF8FCE9FD3CFB39" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BED0393EEF8FCE9FED6FCA1" box="[199,272,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Venter.</emphasis>
Derm membranous. Multilocular disc-pores absent. Spiracular disc-pores small, each 34 µm wide; number of loculi hard to determine but thought to be 57; present in a narrow band between margin and each spiracle, with 715 pores in each band (1 anterior band damaged). Ventral microducts small, most obvious in a group near labium but also present sparsely elsewhere. Ventral setae: with 2 pairs of interantennal setae; 1 pair of long setae on abdominal segment VII, plus pairs of shorter setae medially on segments V and VI; with 1 small seta associated with each meso- and metacoxa and with a longer seta near each procoxa; a line of 7 very short submedial setae present between anal area and each spiracle; submarginal setae sparse. Antennae each short and 7 segmented; total length 95100 µm; segments V and VI each without a setose seta. Clypeolabral shield about 105 µm long. Spiracles: width of each peritreme 2127 µm. Legs very reduced but with all segments visible; length of each hind leg about 70 µm; all digitules short, parallel-sided and blunt; claw without a denticle. Setal distribution: coxa 3; trochanter 0; femur 1; tibia 0 or 1 and tarsus 3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315654D7BED0393EEF8FB63FB89FAA8" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB036C67BED0393EEF8FB63FB89FAA8" blockId="149.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BED0393EEF8FB63FE89FB15" bold="true" box="[199,335,1231,1256]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Comments.</emphasis>
The second-instar male of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457BED0393EC42FB7DFD30FB15" box="[637,758,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Discochiton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacuum">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BED0393EC42FB7DFD30FB15" box="[637,758,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">D. vacuum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very different from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457BED0393EA01FB7DFB74FB15" box="[1086,1202,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Discochiton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martini">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BED0393EA01FB7DFB74FB15" box="[1086,1202,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">D. martini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described above and of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457BED0393EE88FB59FE8AFAF0" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[183,332,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Discochiton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malainum">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BED0393EE88FB59FE8AFAF0" box="[183,332,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">D. malainum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<tableCitation id="C68D037D7BED0393EFB3FB58FE25FAF1" box="[396,483,1268,1293]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="149.[151,239,1412,1435]" captionText="TABLE 3. Data from second-instar male nymphs of some Discochiton species. For collection details see under Material studied for each species. Figures given as -/ -/ - refer to the number of marginal setae anteriorly around head/on each side between clefts/on each side of abdomen." pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Table 3</tableCitation>
). This specimen is believed to be
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457BED0393ED50FB59FC2DFAF1" box="[879,1003,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Discochiton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vacuum">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BED0393ED50FB59FC2DFAF1" box="[879,1003,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">D. vacuum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it was collected on the same plant species as an adult female and was intercepted at the same time. For a comparison with the second-instar males of
<taxonomicName id="4C0F4D457BED0393EEA8FA90FEF0FAA8" box="[151,310,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paralecanium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97BEAD47BED0393EEA8FA90FEF0FAA8" box="[151,310,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Paralecanium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see under the general discussion on immature stages on p. 156 below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>