212 lines
19 KiB
XML
212 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFBCFFBC13BEFABCF8D9F0D0" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lonchorhina aurita Tomes 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="497" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="497" updateTime="1656355241220" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>444</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>583</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6762169" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6762169" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFBCFFBC13BEFABCF8D9F0D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFBCFFBC13BEFABCF8D9F0D0" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[130,185,1286,1328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[126,1188,1286,1406]" box="[130,185,1286,1328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<heading box="[130,185,1286,1328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[130,185,1286,1328]" captionStart="Plate 35: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="5.[140,170,3304,3329]" captionTargetBox="[27,2763,17,3651]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="1. Californian Leat-nosed Bat (Macrotus californicus), 2. Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Macrotus waterhousu), 3. Orange-throated Bat (Lampronycteris brachyotis), 4. Tiny Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris minuta), 5. Sanborn’s Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris sanborni), 6. Schmidts’ Big-eared Bat (Mucronycteris schmidtorum), 7. Yates’s Big-eared Bat (Micronycleris yaltest), 8. Hairy Big-eared Bat (Muicronycteris hirsuta), 9. Brosset’s Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris brosseti), 10. Giovanni's Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris giovanniae), 11. Matses Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris matses), 12. Litde Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris megalotis), 13. Common Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris microtis), 14. Saint Vincent Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris buriri), 15. Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus), 16. White-winged Vampire Bat (Diaemus youngii), 17. Hairy-legged Vampire Bat (Diphylla ecaudata), 18. Common Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina aurita), 19. Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina fernandez), 20. Uncommon Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina inusitata), 21. Orinoco Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina orinocensis), 22. Chiribiquete Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina mankomara), 23. Marinkelle’s Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina marinkellei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458620/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">18.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[203,764,1286,1328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[126,1188,1286,1406]" box="[203,764,1286,1328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<heading box="[203,764,1286,1328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<vernacularName box="[203,764,1286,1328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Common Sword-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[814,1188,1291,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[126,1188,1286,1406]" box="[814,1188,1291,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<heading box="[814,1188,1291,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Tomes, 1863" authorityName="Tomes" authorityYear="1863" box="[814,1188,1291,1329]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurita">
|
||
<emphasis box="[814,1188,1291,1329]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Lonchorhina aurita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[126,1188,1286,1406]" box="[128,1124,1346,1367]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<heading box="[128,1124,1346,1367]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,203,1346,1367]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[213,435,1346,1367]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Lonchorhine de Tomes</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[457,548,1346,1367]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[558,803,1346,1367]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Eigentliche Schwertnase</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[824,915,1346,1367]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[925,1124,1346,1367]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Loncorino de Tomes</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[126,1188,1286,1406]" box="[127,641,1385,1406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<heading box="[127,641,1385,1406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,374,1385,1406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[380,641,1385,1406]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Tomes's Sword-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[741,1334,1453,1880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[741,896,1453,1486]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Tomes, 1863" authorityName="Tomes" authorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurita">Lonchorhina aurita Tomes, 1863</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
West Indies. Restricted by O. Thomas in 1893 to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[925,1049,1532,1565]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[741,1334,1453,1880]" lastBlockId="13.[122,1332,1886,3457]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
Original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1072,1188,1571,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurita">L. aurita</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based on material from the West Indies of unclear origin, which later was determined to be from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[917,1041,1690,1723]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
. While traditionally considered in the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phyllostominae">Phyllostominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, molecular data support placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[741,904,1808,1841]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lonchorhina</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a monogeneric subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[741,970,1847,1880]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lonchorhininae">Lonchorhininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is basal in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phyllostomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some researchers consider subspecies synonymous because morphology does not support clear separation. Two subspecies recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458638" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458638/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" targetBox="[126,717,1460,1873]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[122,1332,1886,3457]" box="[126,526,1964,1997]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,526,1964,1997]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[122,1332,1886,3457]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Tomes, 1863" authorityName="Tomes" authorityYear="1863" box="[126,465,2013,2038]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aurita" subSpecies="aunta">L.a.auntaTomes,1863—fromSMexico(VeracruzandOaxaca)SthroughoutCentralAmericatoEEcuador,EPeru,NBoliviaandSEBrazilinSouthAmerica;alsoonTrinidadI.Norecentsupportfora1905recordfromNewProvidenceI,Bahamas.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[122,1332,1886,3457]" box="[126,1301,2123,2156]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Anthony, 1923" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1923" box="[126,552,2123,2156]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aurita" subSpecies="occidentalis">L. a. occidentalis Anthony, 1923</taxonomicName>
|
||
— W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[624,743,2123,2156]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Puente de Chimbo,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1051,1288,2123,2156]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Guayas Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[122,1332,1886,3457]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,379,2171,2196]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 53-67 mm, tail 42-65 mm, ear 19-35 mm, hindfoot 13-15 mm, forearm 47-57 mm; weight 12-17 g. Fur of the Common Sword-nosed Bat is dark brown to reddish, probably related to roosting conditions. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lonchorhina</taxonomicName>
|
||
have very long ears and tragi. Among all phyllostomids, they have the longest noseleaves and most complex basal structures around nostrils. Calcar of the Common Sword-nosed Batis long and exceeds length of foot, and tail extends to posterior edge of long uropatagium—a characteristic shared among phyllostomids only with the Long-legged Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[445,828,2438,2471]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Macrophyllum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrophyllum">Macrophyllum macrophyllum</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Dental formula for all species of Lonchorhinais 12/2, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 (
|
||
<date box="[742,776,2486,2511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">x2</date>
|
||
) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[122,1332,1886,3457]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,235,2557,2590]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Various forested habitats from dry caatinga in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[920,999,2557,2590]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
to semideciduous lowland forest in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[317,429,2596,2629]" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and lowland and pre-montane rainforests in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1058,1202,2596,2629]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
from sea level to elevations above
|
||
<quantity box="[481,585,2636,2669]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
. Common Sword-nosed Bats often occur near water bodies in primary and secondary forests but sometimes in more fragmented agricultural landscapes. They depend on caves for roosting but readily use anthropogenic cave-like structures, such as mines and dark culverts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[122,1332,1886,3457]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,390,2793,2826]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Recent evidence indicates that the Common Sword-nosed Batis, in contrast to most other carnivorous leaf-nosed bats, an aerial insectivore that predominantly captures flying moths—a behavior probably supported by long tail and uropatagium. It uses multiharmonic echolocation calls (highest energy mostly in third harmonic), which include initial short CF component followed by FM component. In more open habitats, it can also emit longercalls consisting only of CF component with very weak harmonics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[122,1332,1886,3457]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,258,3069,3102]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant Common Sword-nosed Bats were found in February-March in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[124,236,3108,3141]" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and in March in Mexico, indicating that pregnancy occurs mainly during dry season and births around onset of rainy season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[122,1332,1886,3457]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,357,3188,3221]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Common Sword-nosed Batsstart their activity after full darkness and return to roosts well before dawn. Peak frequency of CF componentsis 45 kHz in Central America and c.50 kHz in north-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[736,818,3266,3299]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[122,1332,1886,3457]" lastBlockId="13.[1404,2612,276,660]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[123,851,3306,3339]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Common Sword-nosed Bats are widespread but generally not locally abundant. While there are reports of 500 individuals and more in one cave, most roosting groups are smaller. Roosts are regularly shared with other cave-dwelling species such as Parnell’s Mustached Bats (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1194,1509,276,3457]" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteronotus parnelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Common Vampire Bats (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1885,2143,276,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Desmodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rotundus">Desmodus rotundus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Fringe-lipped Bats (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Trachops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cirrhosus">Trachops cirrhosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and Seba’s Short-tailed Bats (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1927,2198,315,344]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perspicillata">Carollia perspicillata</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[1404,2612,276,660]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1405,1764,355,384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. While Common Sword-nosed Bats appear to occur in a broad variety of habitats, including disturbed and undisturbed sites, dependence on dark caves and cave-like structures makes them potentially vulnerable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="497" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[1404,2612,276,660]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1406,1558,517,542]" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Barros et al. (2009), Bloedel (1955), Dobson (1880a), Eisenberg & Redford (1999), Gessinger et al. (2019), Hernandez-Camacho & Cadena (1978),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1981,2052,560,581]" name="Jordan" pageId="13" pageNumber="497">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
et al. (2014), Kalbantner (2018), Lassieur & Wilson (1989), Leal et al. (2018), Lopes & Ditchfield (2009), Medellin et al. (2008), Medina-Fitoria et al. (2007), Miller (1905), Solmsen (1985), Thomas (1893a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |