225 lines
47 KiB
XML
225 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="7F68C92EB2FF957FADBBF4BDBFEE2163" ID-DOI="10.5252/adansonia2023v45a12" ID-ISSN="1639-4798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8006364" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1685974026623" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pace, Marcelo R., Marcati, Carmen R., Lohmann, Lúcia G. & Angyalossy, Veronica" docDate="2023" docId="039687DCFFD6912C8F4BC715FA12ACE0" docLanguage="en" docName="Adansonia.45.12.167-210.pdf" docOrigin="Adansonia (3) 45 (12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648.8:Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648" docStyleName="Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Pleonotoma" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="182" masterDocId="FFAFFFA4FFC7913D8E1CC261FFBBA94E" masterDocTitle="Bark anatomy of lianescent Bignoniaceae: a generic synopsis" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="182" updateTime="1686164729893" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E64773BF832F86250A78021105F642A5">
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<mods:title id="E4458792CCD9B7CD9F43D8A241671B27">Bark anatomy of lianescent Bignoniaceae: a generic synopsis</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="259418A9892DA25FD1C471D9F8EE6C30" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0D6B0EDA5F8B733A99B48A18873376D9">Pace, Marcelo R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="02E7A0CE89C10E8E566CF4667EA62358">Marcati, Carmen R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F1B8A18DA8278F83DB524300C1D70F61">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5D620DF407F07446A876650D5C8A0FBF">Lohmann, Lúcia G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7BD64DFB79175A9712698403C8780BCA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9CF2E0C0CAA487AEA665422BBC3BF12B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7E9F3020A5FCF862A3AC1C1E8884B823">Angyalossy, Veronica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="50A45D3839A6A7479A9F71D89D56B523">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DB8A9BE59790414B649F7FD7AECCC608">
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<mods:title id="7990E620229C3520B3EB187E14A0D3E5">Adansonia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F1B1F000EA95BE0B82C2F546B7F4F02F">
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<mods:date id="DAD451F69C1DE34F51334A30D69C401E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="6B662C656BBFCCB83543D1381DC83913">3</mods:title>
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<mods:detail id="2A98805D79AAA2A20183C2099D874DCF" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="F74D638C23C4045B28EA3FA35424BA6F">2023-05-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="EE31967ADFBFF551EC0CD4C5D009E05E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C5A4D2ADB3E890140D2A5BC3954E74BA">45</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5A713C9ABF8543F78C7117E6A1759348" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="03190F7408F13A59A5167C50E3892CFE">12</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="092F4EADE0958A89C4AC7F4BF36C9849">167</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="BF22C529983E85164663352FA61418DB">210</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="3B46256EB2D2B0CD2DB3708A7F374FF9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5C61B55BA79575CC41558F809AFE5C57" type="DOI">10.5252/adansonia2023v45a12</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="72632BBBD19F7293A3A134FE52C4BBE4" type="ISSN">1639-4798</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D1B72793F50B4B268EF3D653666B7D5E" type="Zenodo-Dep">8006364</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="039687DCFFD6912C8F4BC715FA12ACE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687DCFFD6912C8F4BC715FA12ACE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687DCFFD6912C8F4BC715FA12ACE0" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
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<subSubSection id="C3256541FFD6912C8F4BC715FD8EACC0" box="[343,565,1396,1422]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8F4BC715FD8EACC0" blockId="17.[343,565,1396,1422]" box="[343,565,1396,1422]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
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IV.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD6912C8F62C715FE4CACC0" ID-CoL="99K55" box="[382,503,1396,1422]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pleonotoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8F62C715FE4CACC0" box="[382,503,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Pleonotoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3256541FFD6912C8E98C7CCFA12ACE0" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8E98C7CCFD75AC91" blockId="17.[132,780,1453,1678]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD6912C8E98C7CCFF44AC8D" baselines="1470,1471" box="[132,255,1453,1476]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Taxonomic" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">TAXONOMIC</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD6912C8F19C7D3FE35AC8D" baselines="1471" box="[261,398,1458,1475]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="information" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">INFORMATION</smallCapsWord>
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. — This clade contains a single genus,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD6912C8E98C7A6FF4AAC91" box="[132,241,1479,1503]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pleonotoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8E98C7A6FF4AAC91" box="[132,241,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Pleonotoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with four phloem wedges in transversal section.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8E98C796FDB5AF67" blockId="17.[132,780,1453,1678]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD6912C8E98C796FF7CAF43" baselines="1544,1545" box="[132,199,1527,1550]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Total" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">TOTAL</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD6912C8ED2C79DFEA4AF42" baselines="1544" box="[206,287,1532,1548]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="number" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">NUMBER</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD6912C8F3BC79DFEFBAF43" baselines="1545" box="[295,320,1532,1549]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="of" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
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<collectionCode id="ED2EAE0FFFD6912C8F3BC79DFEFBAF43" box="[295,320,1532,1549]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">OF</collectionCode>
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</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD6912C8F54C79DFE34AF43" baselines="1545" box="[328,399,1532,1549]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD6912C8F8AC79DFE10AF42" baselines="1544" box="[406,427,1532,1548]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="in" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">IN</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD6912C8FAFC79DFE64AF43" baselines="1545" box="[435,479,1532,1549]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="this" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">THIS</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD6912C8FF9C79DFD99AF43" baselines="1545" box="[485,546,1532,1549]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="clade" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">CLADE</smallCapsWord>
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. — 16 species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B3BFFD6912C8CDFC796FEFAAF67" author="LOHMANN L. G. & TAYLOR C. M." pageId="17" pageNumber="182" pagination="348 - 489" refId="ref30238" refString="LOHMANN L. G. & TAYLOR C. M. 2014. - A new generic classification of tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 348 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 2003187" type="journal article" year="2014">Lohmann & Taylor 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B3BFFD6912C8F51C470FDBBAF67" author="GOMES B. M. & FONSECA L. H. M. & LOHMANN L. G. & PROENCA C. E. B." box="[333,512,1553,1577]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" pagination="317 - 323" refId="ref29256" refString="GOMES B. M., FONSECA L. H. M. LOHMANN L. G. & PROENCA C. E. B. 2020. - Adenocalymma albiflorum (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), a new combination, notes on morphology and distribution. Britannia 72: 317 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12228 - 020 - 09622 - z" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Gomes
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8F85C473FE73AF67" box="[409,456,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
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2020
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8E98C420FD15AFC3" blockId="17.[132,780,1453,1678]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD6912C8E98C420FF60AF19" baselines="1619,1619" box="[132,219,1601,1625]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Studied" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">STUDIED</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD6912C8EFFC427FE91AF19" baselines="1619" box="[227,298,1606,1623]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
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. — Five species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD6912C8FC7C420FF08AF3D" authority="Sandwith" authorityName="Sandwith" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pleonotoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dendrotricha">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8FC7C420FD73AF17" box="[475,712,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Pleonotoma dendrotricha</emphasis>
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Sandwith
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD6912C8EA1C43DFDAAAF3D" authority="(S. Moore) A. H. Gentry" authorityName="A. H. Gentry" baseAuthorityName="S. Moore" box="[189,529,1627,1651]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pleonotoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melioides">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8EA1C43DFE93AF3D" box="[189,296,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">P. melioides</emphasis>
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(S.Moore) A.H.Gentry
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD6912C8C07C43DFD56AF3D" authority="Sandwith" authorityName="Sandwith" box="[539,749,1627,1651]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pleonotoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8C07C43DFD33AF3D" box="[539,648,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">P. orientalis</emphasis>
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Sandwith
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD6912C8CEBC43DFE29AFC3" authority="(Cham.) Bureau" authorityName="Bureau" baseAuthorityName="Cham." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pleonotoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetraquetra">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8CEBC43DFF51AFC3" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">P. tetraquetra</emphasis>
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(Cham.) Bureau
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD6912C8FDBC417FD15AFC3" authority="K. Schum." box="[455,686,1654,1678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pleonotoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stichadenia">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8FDBC417FDFEAFC0" box="[455,581,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">P. stichadenia</emphasis>
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K.Schum.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8E98C4D3FE9FAF82" blockId="17.[132,775,1714,1901]" box="[132,292,1714,1740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
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<heading id="D0C881A6FFD6912C8E98C4D3FE9FAF82" box="[132,292,1714,1740]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8E98C4D3FE9FAF82" box="[132,292,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Regular phloem</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8E98C4B3FDFDAE22" blockId="17.[132,775,1714,1901]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
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Fibers are absent, with sclereids found otherwise (
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<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8CBAC4B3FD40AFA3" box="[678,763,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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). Sclereids are arranged in clusters, differentiating close to the cambial zone (
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<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8F52C573FE7FAE62" box="[334,452,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9A, C</figureCitation>
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). Because these sclereids have tapering ends, they are considered fibersclereids (
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<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8CBFC553FD42AE02" box="[675,761,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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). Assemblages present (
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<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8F72C533FE06AE23" box="[366,445,1874,1901]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
|
arrowhead).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8E98C5F2FE9FAEE2" blockId="17.[132,775,1938,2028]" box="[132,292,1938,1964]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
|
|
<heading id="D0C881A6FFD6912C8E98C5F2FE9FAEE2" box="[132,292,1938,1964]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" reason="4">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8E98C5F2FE9FAEE2" box="[132,292,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Variant phloem</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8E98C5D0FA28A85C" blockId="17.[132,775,1938,2028]" lastBlockId="17.[813,1455,216,274]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8E98C5D0FE3CAE85" bold="true" box="[132,391,1969,1995]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">General configuration.</emphasis>
|
|
Fibrous (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8FE9C5D3FDF6AE82" box="[501,589,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
|
) to semi-fibrous (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8E91C5B0FF59AEA2" box="[141,226,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
|
), typically with one tangential row of sieve tubes surrounded by phloem parenchyma and fibers (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8B50C2B9FA19A9BC" box="[1356,1442,216,242]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
|
), presenting, therefore, a tangential arrangement (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8B29C299FA3CA85C" box="[1333,1415,248,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8D31C356FA15AB3F" blockId="17.[811,1456,311,625]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8D31C356FBB7A81C" bold="true" box="[813,1036,311,338]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Sieve-tube elements.</emphasis>
|
|
As seen in transverse section, each sieve element is associated with 1-3 companion cells (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8B28C336FA19A83F" box="[1332,1442,343,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
). The sieve elements are generally in multiples of two, ranging from solitary to multiples of
|
|
<quantity id="4CC79B2FFFD6912C8A43C3F6FB1BA8FF" box="[1119,1184,407,434]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4-5 in</quantity>
|
|
a tangential arrangement (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8D29C3D6FC38A89F" box="[821,899,439,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
|
), sometimes in clusters. Sieve elements of two distinct diameters can be found adjacent to each other (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8B05C3B6FAD3A8BF" box="[1305,1384,471,497]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Sieve elements of narrower radial diameter can be, moreover, found associated with a parenchyma band.As seen in longitudinal section, the sieve elements are long (>
|
|
<quantity id="4CC79B2FFFD6912C8A87C056FB67AB1F" box="[1179,1244,567,593]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
|
) and their end walls are inclined, bearing sieve plates with more than 30 sieve areas.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8D37C0F7FADAAA7E" blockId="17.[811,1456,662,816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8D37C0F7FC41ABFE" bold="true" box="[811,1018,662,688]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Axial parenchyma.</emphasis>
|
|
The phloem parenchyma is sieve-tube-centric to sieve-tube-centric incomplete (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8AC5C0D7FAF8AB9E" box="[1241,1347,694,721]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE0FFFD6912C8B48C0D7FADEAB9E" box="[1364,1381,694,720]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
|
parenchyma band of 3-4 rows of cells is associated with narrower sieve elements.In addition, radial rows of phloem parenchyma cells are often present, sometimes lignified (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8B1FC177FAEEAA7E" box="[1283,1365,790,816]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8D31C134FBD0AAE1" blockId="17.[811,1456,853,944]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8D31C134FCCFAA21" bold="true" box="[813,884,853,879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fibers.</emphasis>
|
|
Present as either fiber bands of 2-3 rows of cells (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8B41C134FA1CAA3E" box="[1373,1447,853,880]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
|
) or as the fibers constituting the ground tissue where all other cells are embedded (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8A1BC1F4FBE6AAE1" box="[1031,1117,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8D31C1B4FB39AD61" blockId="17.[813,1455,981,1071]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8D31C1B4FCD2AAA1" bold="true" box="[813,873,981,1007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Rays.</emphasis>
|
|
The limiting rays are lignified only to the xylem face (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8D2AC194FC3DAD41" box="[822,902,1013,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
|
). The wedge rays are non-lignified, even when crossing the fiber bands (
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|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8A1AC674FBCFAD61" box="[1030,1140,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9E, F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8D31C635FC05AC40" blockId="17.[811,1456,1108,1294]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8D31C635FC37AD20" bold="true" box="[813,908,1108,1134]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Crystals.</emphasis>
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Prismatic crystals are abundant, both in the phloem and ray parenchyma (
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<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8A13C615FBE6ADC1" box="[1039,1117,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
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), and even more common in the ray cells. The number of crystals per cells is variable, ranging from a single crystal per cell that occupies almost the entire cell lumen, to many (
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8A0EC6B4FB98ADA0" box="[1042,1059,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">c.</emphasis>
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eight), but much smaller crystals per cell (
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<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD6912C8D7DC695FC0BAC40" box="[865,944,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1483,1500]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-220@18.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Secondary phloem of Pleonotoma: A, B, D-F, transverse sections; C, longitudinal radial section; A-C, E, F, Pleonotoma tetraquetra; D, Pleonotoma melioides; A, overall view of the regular phloem.Sclerenchyma formed exclusively by sclereids,differentiating next to the cambial zone,in the conducting phloem; B, detail of the conducting phloem, sieve tubes are very narrow. Sclereids differentiating. Acicular crystals present in axial and ray parenchyma; C, heterocellular rays. Sclereids differentiating from axial parenchyma cells, close to the cambium. Mature sclereids also present; D, overall view of the phloem wedge, fibrous phloem; E, variant phloem marked by rectangular fibers,sieve tubes solitary or in radial and tangential multiples of 2-3, parenchyma sieve-tube-centric; F, detail of variant phloem. Sieve tubes with one or two companion cells lying on the same side of the sieve tube. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric.Prismatic crystals present in both axial and ray parenchyma cells. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, F, 50 μm; D, 500 μm; E, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006390/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8D31C755FC30AC00" blockId="17.[811,1455,1332,1454]" box="[813,907,1332,1358]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
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<heading id="D0C881A6FFD6912C8D31C755FC30AC00" box="[813,907,1332,1358]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD6912C8D31C755FC30AC00" box="[813,907,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Periderm</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD6912C8D31C735FA12ACE0" blockId="17.[811,1455,1332,1454]" pageId="17" pageNumber="182">
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<collectionCode id="ED2EAE0FFFD6912C8D31C735FC85AC20" box="[813,830,1364,1390]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="17" pageNumber="182" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
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single periderm formed. The phellem is stratified, composed of thin and thick-walled cells in alternation. The phelloderm is thick, with over three cell layers, non-stratified (
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<tableCitation id="C6BD0371FFD6912C8B55C7F2FA22ACE0" box="[1353,1433,1427,1454]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[506,517,219,236]" captionTargetId="graphics-35@6.[132,1455,651,2022]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. — Description of the periderm of the lianas of Bignoniaceae." pageId="17" pageNumber="182">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |