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<document id="24B632BDBDEA6679977532DBE3929443" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5085.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5802920" ID-ZooBank="12FC3342-F2A0-4EE1-9853-9C5855076A10" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1640331575322" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R. &amp; Faucci, Anuschka" docDate="2021" docId="039687B70D39E07F7DA027C76158FE21" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5085.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5085 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.18:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="18" docTitle="Disertasia disticha Calder &amp; Faucci 2021, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFAFFFCF0D24E0617D3727506411FFF0" masterDocTitle="Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1708477145926" updateUser="karina">
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<mods:title id="3A304B0CDEC2EC18130BBCA4BE871F92">Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D886C5A3566EA03210B9DD285D67226">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CE7B6F9F9D30FEA0C97C6A4AB076D601">Faucci, Anuschka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="735BB362E7BA4B8D3BF3186A48AE3B98" type="email">anuschka@hawaii.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="DD78EE102D903665943CE09E77BD417D">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039687B70D39E07F7DA027C76158FE21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D39E07F7DA027C76158FE21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687B70D39E07F7DA027C76158FE21" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D39E07C7DA027C766BAFF41" box="[151,683,151,178]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D39E07C7DA027C766BAFF41" blockId="29.[151,683,151,213]" box="[151,683,151,178]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D0C881CD0D39E07C7DA027C766BAFF41" bold="true" box="[151,683,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7DA027C766BAFF41" bold="true" box="[151,683,151,178]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7DA027C76606FF41" ID-CoL="8TZPT" authority="(Bosc, 1802)" authorityName="Calder &amp; Faucci" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[151,535,151,178]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Disertasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7DA027C76569FF42" bold="true" box="[151,376,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Disertasia disticha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7CB027C7661EFF41" author="Bosc, L. A. G." box="[391,527,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref51558" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Tome 3. Guilleminet, Paris, 270 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64025" type="book" year="1802">Bosc, 1802</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27857C80D39E07C7F1227C766BAFF41" box="[549,683,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D39E07C7DA027EB64F4FF25" box="[151,229,187,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D39E07C7DA027EB64F4FF25" blockId="29.[151,683,151,213]" box="[151,229,187,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<figureCitation id="13042A240D39E07C7DA027EB64F4FF25" box="[151,229,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,597,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-224@28.[151,1436,597,1482]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 9. Sertulariidae. a, Disertasia crisioides (Lamouroux, 1824), part of hydrocladium with three hydrothecal pairs, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5427. Scale equals 0.2 mm. b, Disertasia crisioides (Lamouroux, 1824), gonotheca, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5427. Scale equals 0.2 mm. c, Disertasia disticha (Bosc, 1802), part of hydrocaulus with three hydrothecal pairs, Pearl &amp; Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5428. Scale equals 0.2 mm. d, Pasya heterodonta (Jarvis, 1922), proximal end of hydrocaulus, with three hydrothecal pairs, Pearl &amp; HermesAtoll, ROMIZ B5436. Scale equals 0.2 mm. e, Pasya heterodonta (Jarvis, 1922), distal end of hydrocaulus, with three hydrothecal pairs, two pairs being stacked, Kure Atoll, ROMIZ B5491. Scale equals 0.2 mm. f, Pasya heterodonta (Jarvis, 1922), distal end of hydrocaulus, with three stacked hydrothecal pairs, Pearl &amp; Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5485. Scale equals 0.2 mm. g, Pasya heterodonta Jarvis, 1922), gonotheca, Kure Atoll, ROMIZ B5491. Scale equals 0.1 mm. h, Salacia tetracythara Lamouroux, 1816, part of hydrocladium with three hydrothecal pairs, Lisianski Island, ROMIZ B5429. Scale equals 0.2 mm. i, Salacia tetracythara Lamouroux, 1816, gonotheca from same colony, Lisianski Island, ROMIZ B5429. Scale equals 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802944/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 9c</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D39E07C7DA02650615FFEC6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D39E07C7DA026506698FEE8" blockId="29.[151,1358,256,310]" box="[151,649,256,280]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D39E07C7DA026506698FEE8" box="[151,649,256,280]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D39E07C7DA026506613FEE8" author="Bosc, L. A. G." box="[151,514,256,280]" page="101" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1802">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7DA026506613FEE8" ID-CoL="84D89" authority="Bosc, 1802: 101" authorityName="Bosc" authorityPageNumber="101" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,514,256,280]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7DA026506545FEE8" box="[151,340,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sertularia disticha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7C6C26506613FEE8" author="Bosc, L. A. G." box="[347,514,256,280]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref51558" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Tome 3. Guilleminet, Paris, 270 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64025" type="book" year="1802">Bosc, 1802: 101</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 29 fig. 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D39E07C7DA0264F615FFEC6" blockId="29.[151,1358,256,310]" box="[151,1358,286,310]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D39E07C7DA0264F615FFEC6" box="[151,1358,286,310]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7DA0264F657DFEC6" ID-CoL="6DQ87" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,364,287,310]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7DA0264F657DFEC6" box="[151,364,287,310]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dynamena cornicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D39E07C7CBC264E6627FEC6" author="Cooke, W. J." box="[395,566,286,310]" page="95" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7CBC264E6627FEC6" author="Cooke, W. J." box="[395,566,286,310]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="71 - 104" refId="ref54661" refString="Cooke, W. J. (1977) Order Hydroida. In: Devaney, D. M. &amp; Eldredge, L. G. (Eds.), Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 1: Protozoa through Ctenophora. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Special Publication, 64 (1), 71 - 104." type="journal article" year="1977">Cooke, 1977: 95</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 21.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D39E07C7F97264E6787FEC6" author="Coles, S. L. &amp; DeFelice, R. C. &amp; Eldredge, L. G." box="[672,918,286,310]" page="207" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7F97264E6787FEC6" author="Coles, S. L. &amp; DeFelice, R. C. &amp; Eldredge, L. G." box="[672,918,286,310]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 353" refId="ref54212" refString="Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C. &amp; Eldredge, L. G. (2002 a) Nonindigenous marine species in Kane'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 24, 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="2002">
Coles
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7FD4264F671EFEC6" box="[739,783,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
., 2002a: 207
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D39E07C7E96264E67E8FEC6" author="Coles, S. L. &amp; Reath, P. R. &amp; Longenecker, K. &amp; Bolick, H. &amp; Eldredge, L. G." box="[929,1017,286,310]" page="73" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7E96264E67E8FEC6" author="Coles, S. L. &amp; Reath, P. R. &amp; Longenecker, K. &amp; Bolick, H. &amp; Eldredge, L. G." box="[929,1017,286,310]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref54372" refString="Coles, S. L., Reath, P. R., Longenecker, K., Bolick, H. &amp; Eldredge, L. G. (2004) Assessment of nonindigenous marine species in harbors and on nearby coral reefs on Kaua'i, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 29, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2004">2004: 73</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D39E07C7920264E615BFEC6" author="Carlton, J. T. &amp; Eldredge, L. G." box="[1047,1354,286,310]" page="38" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7920264E615BFEC6" author="Carlton, J. T. &amp; Eldredge, L. G." box="[1047,1354,286,310]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 202" refId="ref53380" refString="Carlton, J. T. &amp; Eldredge, L. G. (2009) Marine bioinvasions of Hawai'i. The introduced and cryptogenic marine and estuarine animals and plants of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Cultural and Environmental Studies, 4, 1 - 202." type="journal article" year="2009">Carlton &amp; Eldredge, 2009: 38</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D39E07C7DA0263565EDFE1B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D39E07C7DA026356568FE53" blockId="29.[151,1437,356,2039]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7DA026356524FE8E" bold="true" box="[151,309,356,383]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="548488030D39E07C7DA0263564C3FE8F" box="[151,210,357,383]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Atlantic Ocean: “...sur le
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7F61263566F2FE8E" box="[598,739,357,383]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
fucus
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7FAF263566F2FE8E" box="[664,739,357,382]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="natans">natans</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7FC4263567AFFE8E" box="[755,958,357,383]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7FC4263567AFFE8E" box="[755,958,357,383]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sargassum natans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) dans la haute mer…” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C79F026356168FE8F" author="Bosc, L. A. G." box="[1223,1401,357,383]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref51558" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Tome 3. Guilleminet, Paris, 270 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64025" type="book" year="1802">Bosc 1802: 101</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7DA026D86578FE52" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,361,392,418]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7DA026D86578FE52" box="[151,361,392,418]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sertularia disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D39E07C7DF026FD65EDFE1B" blockId="29.[151,1437,356,2039]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7DF026FD658EFE36" bold="true" box="[199,415,428,455]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Voucher material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D39E07C7C9026FC65E9FE1B" collectingDate="2002-09-28" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" location="Pearl &amp; Hermes Atoll" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="B5428" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EE0607A0D39E07C7C9026FC66B0FE36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D39E07F7DA027C76158FE21:8EE0607A0D39E07C7C9026FC66B0FE36" box="[423,673,428,455]" name="Pearl &amp; Hermes Atoll" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pearl &amp; Hermes Atoll</location>
, on algae,
<date id="FF8110610D39E07C7E2B26FC6787FE36" box="[796,918,428,454]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2002-09-28">
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D39E07C7E2B26FC6787FE36" box="[796,918,428,454]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2002-09-28">28.ix.2002</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D39FD280D39E07C7E9426FD67DAFE37" box="[931,971,429,455]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">one</specimenCount>
colony,
<quantity id="4CC79B440D39E07C791A26FD607EFE37" box="[1069,1135,429,455]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
high, without gonothecae, coll.
<collectorName id="26CA53770D39E07C7DF92681652FFE1A" box="[206,318,464,491]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">A. Faucci</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D39E07C7C7F268165B3FE1B" box="[328,418,465,491]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D39E07C7C9D268065E9FE1B" box="[426,504,464,491]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">B5428</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D39E07F7DF026A56158FE21" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D39E07C7DF026A56191FD8A" blockId="29.[151,1437,356,2039]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7DF026A5652AFDFF" bold="true" box="[199,315,501,527]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</emphasis>
This hydroid conforms with traditional taxonomic accounts of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7ECE26A56178FDFF" authority="(Bosc, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1017,1385,500,527]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7ECE26A560C0FDFE" box="[1017,1233,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dynamena disticha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C79E826A56170FDFF" author="Bosc, L. A. G." box="[1247,1377,501,527]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref51558" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Tome 3. Guilleminet, Paris, 270 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64025" type="book" year="1802">Bosc, 1802</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and it has been provisionally assigned to that species here. However, evidence from both morphology and DNA barcoding (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7DFE256D6582FDA7" author="Moura, C. J. &amp; Cunha, M. R. &amp; Porteiro, F. M. &amp; Rogers, A. D." box="[201,403,572,599]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="520 - 537" refId="ref64309" refString="Moura, C. J., Cunha, M. R., Porteiro, F. M. &amp; Rogers, A. D. (2011) The use of the DNA barcode gene 16 S mRNA for the clarification of taxonomic problems within the family Sertulariidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 520 - 537. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2011.00489. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Moura
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7C2B256D6542FDA6" box="[284,339,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
) indicates the likely existence of a species complex under that name. The hydroid from Pearl &amp; Hermes Atoll may be specifically distinct from that of Bosc, and changes in nomenclature might be expected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D39E07C7DF025D466CFFC86" blockId="29.[151,1437,356,2039]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The species of
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7C4425D565EFFD6F" author="Bosc, L. A. G." box="[371,510,645,671]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref51558" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Tome 3. Guilleminet, Paris, 270 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64025" type="book" year="1802">Bosc (1802)</bibRefCitation>
was described from material collected on pelagic
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C790C25D560A4FD6F" authorityName="C. Agardh" authorityYear="1820" box="[1083,1205,645,671]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C790C25D560A4FD6F" box="[1083,1205,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the open Atlantic Ocean. Colonies from that substrate are small (
<quantity id="4CC79B440D39E07C7F9125F966CAFD33" box="[678,731,681,707]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
high or less), gracile, and unbranched (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C79A425F8613EFD33" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1171,1327,680,707]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref52409" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991a</bibRefCitation>
). Another morphotype from a variety of substrates along the shallow Atlantic coast are larger in size (up to
<quantity id="4CC79B440D39E07C79ED259C6103FD17" box="[1242,1298,716,743]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
high), more robust, and an essentially perpendicular branch may infrequently be present (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7ECC25A16094FCFB" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1019,1157,753,779]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref56678" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C798725A06185FCFA" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[1200,1428,752,778]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C798725A06185FCFA" box="[1200,1428,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sertularia cornicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7DA024446532FCDF" author="Calder, D. R." box="[151,291,788,815]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref52238" refString="Calder, D. R. (1971) Hydroids and hydromedusae of southern Chesapeake Bay. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Special Papers in Marine Science, 1, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1971">Calder 1971</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7C7B24456626FCDE" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[332,567,789,814]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7C7B24456626FCDE" box="[332,567,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dynamena cornicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The overall morphology of their trophosomes and gonosomes are otherwise much alike, and the colour of both is bright yellow. Comparisons of them are warranted to establish if observed differences are attributable to genetics or environment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D39E07C7DF024D066B6FAD7" blockId="29.[151,1437,356,2039]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Molecular studies by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7CF624D166B7FC6B" author="Moura, C. J. &amp; Cunha, M. R. &amp; Porteiro, F. M. &amp; Rogers, A. D." box="[449,678,896,923]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="520 - 537" refId="ref64309" refString="Moura, C. J., Cunha, M. R., Porteiro, F. M. &amp; Rogers, A. D. (2011) The use of the DNA barcode gene 16 S mRNA for the clarification of taxonomic problems within the family Sertulariidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 520 - 537. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2011.00489. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Moura
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7F2124D1665BFC6A" box="[534,586,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. (2011)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7F8324D167A4FC6B" author="Maronna, M. M. &amp; Miranda, T. P. &amp; Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Barbeitos, M. S. &amp; Marques, A. C." box="[692,949,896,923]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="18075" refId="ref62515" refString="Maronna, M. M., Miranda, T. P., Pena Cantero, A. L., Barbeitos, M. S. &amp; Marques, A. C. (2016) Towards a phylogenetic classification of Leptothecata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Scientific Reports, 6, 18075. [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 18075" type="journal article" year="2016">
Maronna
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7E1424D16746FC6A" box="[803,855,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
, and Song (2019) confirm that
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C781424D16573FC4F" authority="Lamouroux, 1812" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C781424D1618DFC6A" box="[1315,1436,897,922]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dynamena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7DA024F56573FC4F" author="Lamouroux, J. V. F." box="[151,354,933,959]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="181 - 188" refId="ref61119" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1812) Extrait d'un memoire sur la classification des polypiers coralligenes non entierement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 3, 181 - 188." type="journal article" year="1812">Lamouroux, 1812</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is polyphyletic. Indeed,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7FB624F56718FC4E" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[641,777,932,958]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7FB624F56718FC4E" box="[641,777,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dy. disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been shown by them in all phylograms to be genetically distant from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7C55249866CFFC13" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[354,734,968,995]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7C5524986639FC12" box="[354,552,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sertularia pumila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7F18249866CFFC13" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[559,734,968,995]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref62101" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="548488030D39E07C7FDF24996709FC13" box="[744,792,969,995]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus. The species also appears too remote from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7DE124BC65EDFBF7" authority="Stechow, 1920" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1920" box="[214,508,1004,1031]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Tridentata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7DE124BC655AFBF6" box="[214,331,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tridentata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7C6424BC65EDFBF7" author="Stechow, E." box="[339,508,1004,1031]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="9 - 45" refId="ref69220" refString="Stechow, E. (1920) Neue Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiete der Hydroidenforschung. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft fur Morphologie und Physiologie in Munchen, 31, 9 - 45." type="journal article" year="1920">Stechow, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="548488030D39E07C7F3E24BD6628FBF7" box="[521,569,1005,1031]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7FAC24BC6057FBF6" authority="Stechow, 1919 b" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1919" box="[667,1094,1004,1030]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7FAC24BC6796FBF6" box="[667,903,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sertularia perpusilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7EB824BC6057FBF6" author="Stechow, E." box="[911,1094,1004,1030]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref69172" refString="Stechow, E. (1919 b) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 42, 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow, 1919b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, to be assigned there. Instead, as noted above, the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7CF3234166DCFBDB" authority="Neppi, 1917" authorityName="Neppi" authorityYear="1917" box="[452,717,1040,1067]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Disertasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7CF323416628FBDA" box="[452,569,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Disertasia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7F76234066DCFBDB" author="Neppi, V." box="[577,717,1040,1067]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="29 - 65" refId="ref64902" refString="Neppi, V. (1917) Osservazioni sui polipi idroidi del golfo di Napoli. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 2, 29 - 65." type="journal article" year="1917">Neppi, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has been resurrected here from the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C78322341616FFBDA" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[1285,1406,1041,1066]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C78322341616FFBDA" box="[1285,1406,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dynamena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to accommodate this and closely related species. Of particular note, the
<typeStatus id="548488030D39E07C7E9E236567C8FBBF" box="[937,985,1077,1103]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C796D236560DEFBBE" authorityName="Neppi" authorityYear="1917" box="[1114,1231,1077,1102]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Disertasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C796D236560DEFBBE" box="[1114,1231,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Disertasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by monotypy,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C784E23656599FB83" authority="Neppi, 1917" authorityName="Neppi" authorityYear="1917" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Disertasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cavolini">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C784E236564E0FB82" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Di. cavolini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7DCD23086599FB83" author="Neppi, V." box="[250,392,1112,1139]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="29 - 65" refId="ref64902" refString="Neppi, V. (1917) Osservazioni sui polipi idroidi del golfo di Napoli. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 2, 29 - 65." type="journal article" year="1917">Neppi, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is taken to be conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7FC12309676CFB82" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[758,893,1112,1138]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7FC12309676CFB82" box="[758,893,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dy. disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7EBB23086008FB83" author="Picard, J." box="[908,1049,1112,1139]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="187 - 199" refId="ref66158" refString="Picard, J. (1958) Origines et affinites de la faune d'hydropolypes (gymnoblastes et calyptoblastes) et d'hydromeduses (anthomeduses et leptomeduses) de la Mediterranee. Rapport et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions, Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, 14, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1958">Picard 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7911230860D1FB83" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1062,1216,1112,1139]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref52409" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C79FA230864C3FB67" author="Medel, M. D. &amp; Vervoort, W." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref62885" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1998) Atlantic Thyroscyphidae and Sertulariidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) collected during the CAN- CAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 320, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1998">Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7DE8232C65A7FB67" author="Gravili, C. &amp; De Vito, D. &amp; Di Camillo, C. G. &amp; Martell, L. &amp; Piraino, S. &amp; Boero, F." box="[223,438,1148,1175]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref58738" refString="Gravili, C., De Vito, D., Di Camillo, C. G., Martell, L., Piraino, S. &amp; Boero, F. (2015) The non-siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide. Zootaxa, 3908 (1), 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3908.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
Gravili
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7C00232D657BFB66" box="[311,362,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The present species is thus assigned the binomen
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7EC8232D60C4FB66" authorityName="Calder &amp; Faucci" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1023,1237,1148,1174]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Disertasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7EC8232D60C4FB66" box="[1023,1237,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Disertasia disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27857C80D39E07C79D3232C6170FB67" box="[1252,1377,1148,1175]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Also assigned here to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7C6123F165DAFB4A" authorityName="Neppi" authorityYear="1917" box="[342,459,1185,1210]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Disertasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7C6123F165DAFB4A" box="[342,459,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Disertasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on their proximity in molecular phylograms to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C790123F160ABFB4A" authorityName="Calder &amp; Faucci" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1078,1210,1184,1210]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Disertasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C790123F160ABFB4A" box="[1078,1210,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Di. disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C79C423F1653EFB2F" authority="(Pictet, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moluccana">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C79C423F1618DFB4A" box="[1267,1436,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dy. moluccana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7DA823946537FB2F" author="Pictet, C." box="[159,294,1220,1247]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref66210" refString="Pictet, C. (1893) Voyage de MM. M. Bedot et C. Pictet dans l'Archipel Malais. Etude sur les hydraires de la Baie d'Amboine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie et Annales du Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 1, 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 3743" type="journal article" year="1893">Pictet, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and, with somewhat less certainty,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7F8F23956033FB2F" authority="Lamouroux, 1824" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1824" box="[696,1058,1220,1247]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Disertasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crisioides">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7F8F23956740FB2E" box="[696,849,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dy. crisioides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7E6023956033FB2F" author="Lamouroux, J. V. F." box="[855,1058,1221,1247]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref61273" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1824) Description des polypiers flexibles. In: Quoy, J. R. C. &amp; Gaimard, J. P. (Eds.), Zoologie. Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du Roi, execute sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les annees 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820; par M. Louis de Freycinet. Pillet Aine, Paris, pp. 603 - 643." type="journal volume" year="1824">Lamouroux, 1824</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Meanwhile, it is unclear if any of the sampled populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7CE623B96644FAF2" authorityName="Calder &amp; Faucci" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[465,597,1256,1282]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Disertasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7CE623B96644FAF2" box="[465,597,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Di. disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included in molecular analyses were from pelagic
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C79AF23B96103FAF3" authorityName="C. Agardh" authorityYear="1820" box="[1176,1298,1257,1283]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C79AF23B96103FAF3" box="[1176,1298,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as with the original account of the species by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7F21225D66B3FAD7" author="Bosc, L. A. G." box="[534,674,1293,1319]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref51558" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Tome 3. Guilleminet, Paris, 270 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64025" type="book" year="1802">Bosc (1802)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D39E07C7DF022616665F90B" blockId="29.[151,1437,356,2039]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
In an obscure paper on hydroid epibionts from pelagic
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7E1F226167B3FABB" authorityName="C. Agardh" authorityYear="1820" box="[808,930,1329,1355]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7E1F226167B3FABB" box="[808,930,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the North Atlantic,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C79AC22616132FABB" author="Bosc, L. A. G." box="[1179,1315,1329,1355]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="9 - 10" refId="ref51513" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1797) Description des objets nouveaux d'histoire naturelle, trouves dans une traversee de Bordeaux a Charles- Town. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 2, 9 - 10." type="journal article" year="1797">Bosc (1797)</bibRefCitation>
described, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7D812204659CFA9E" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1797" box="[182,397,1364,1390]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydridae" genus="Hydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quinternana">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7D812204659CFA9E" box="[182,397,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hydra quinternana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a small yellow sertulariid likely to have been identical with
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C790B22056100FA9E" authorityName="Calder &amp; Faucci" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1084,1297,1364,1390]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Disertasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C790B22056100FA9E" box="[1084,1297,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Disertasia disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It therefore constitutes a nomenclatural threat to the now widely used species name
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7EE12229604EFA62" authorityName="Calder &amp; Faucci" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[982,1119,1400,1426]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Disertasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7EE12229604EFA62" box="[982,1119,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dy. disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C79B6222864C2FA47" authority="Bosc, 1802" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1802" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C79B622286145FA62" box="[1153,1364,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sertularia disticha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C786A222964C2FA47" author="Bosc, L. A. G." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref51558" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Tome 3. Guilleminet, Paris, 270 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64025" type="book" year="1802">Bosc, 1802</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). In the interests of nomenclatural stability, Reversal of Precedence provisions in the code (ICZN 1999, Art. 23.9) are followed here to designate
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7F0022916745FA2B" authority="(Bosc, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[567,852,1472,1499]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7F00229166AAFA2A" box="[567,699,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Di. disticha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7FFC2291675DFA2B" author="Bosc, L. A. G." box="[715,844,1473,1499]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref51558" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Tome 3. Guilleminet, Paris, 270 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64025" type="book" year="1802">Bosc, 1802</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as valid and a
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7937229160D2FA2A" box="[1024,1219,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">nomen protectum</emphasis>
, and to relegate
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C78B6229165B5FA0F" authority="Bosc, 1797" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1797" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydridae" genus="Hydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quinternana">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C78B622916531FA0E" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. quinternana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7C1022B565B5FA0F" author="Bosc, L. A. G." box="[295,420,1509,1535]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="9 - 10" refId="ref51513" refString="Bosc, L. A. G. (1797) Description des objets nouveaux d'histoire naturelle, trouves dans une traversee de Bordeaux a Charles- Town. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 2, 9 - 10." type="journal article" year="1797">Bosc, 1797</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
to a
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7CEC22B56698FA0E" box="[475,649,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">nomen oblitum.</emphasis>
Reversal of Precedence is applicable in this case because the binomen
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7DA021596552F9D2" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1797" box="[151,323,1545,1570]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydridae" genus="Hydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quinternana">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7DA021596552F9D2" box="[151,323,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. quinternana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been used as a valid name in zoology after 1899, while
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C792B215960B2F9D2" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1052,1187,1544,1570]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C792B215960B2F9D2" box="[1052,1187,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dy. disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has appeared in more than 25 publications by numerous authors (&gt;10) in the past 50 years (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7EE9217D6074F9B7" author="Boero, F." box="[990,1125,1581,1607]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="181 - 197" refId="ref51066" refString="Boero, F. (1981) Systematics and ecology of the hydroid population of two Posidonia oceanica meadows. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, I, Marine Ecology, 2, 181 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1981. tb 00093. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Boero 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
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,
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,
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, 2019;
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;
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;
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Grohmann
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;
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;
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7E6F21EC6022F926" author="Oliveira, O. M. P. &amp; Miranda, T. P. &amp; Araujo, E. M. &amp; Ayon, P. &amp; Cedeno-Posso, C. M. &amp; Cepeda-Mercado, A. A. &amp; Cordova, P. &amp; Cunha, A. F. &amp; Genzano, G. N. &amp; Haddad, M. A. &amp; Mianzan, H. W. &amp; Migotto, A. E. &amp; Miranda, L. S. &amp; Morandini, A. C. &amp; Nagata, R. M. &amp; Nascimento, K. B. &amp; Nogueira Jr., M. &amp; Palma, S. &amp; Quinones, J. &amp; Rodriguez, C. S. &amp; Scarabino, F. &amp; Schiariti, A. &amp; Stampar, S. N. &amp; Tronolone, V. B. &amp; Marques, A. C." box="[856,1075,1724,1751]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref65209" refString="Oliveira, O. M. P., Miranda, T. P., Araujo, E. M., Ayon, P., Cedeno-Posso, C. M., Cepeda-Mercado, A. A., Cordova, P., Cunha, A. F., Genzano, G. N., Haddad, M. A., Mianzan, H. W., Migotto, A. E., Miranda, L. S., Morandini, A. C., Nagata, R. M., Nascimento, K. B., Nogueira Jr., M., Palma, S., Quinones, J., Rodriguez, C. S., Scarabino, F., Schiariti, A., Stampar, S. N., Tronolone, V. B. &amp; Marques, A. C. (2016) Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa, 4194 (1), 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4194.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Oliveira
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7E8D21ED67FBF926" box="[954,1002,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C790A21ED6130F926" author="Maronna, M. M. &amp; Miranda, T. P. &amp; Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Barbeitos, M. S. &amp; Marques, A. C." box="[1085,1313,1724,1751]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="18075" refId="ref62515" refString="Maronna, M. M., Miranda, T. P., Pena Cantero, A. L., Barbeitos, M. S. &amp; Marques, A. C. (2016) Towards a phylogenetic classification of Leptothecata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Scientific Reports, 6, 18075. [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 18075" type="journal article" year="2016">
Maronna
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C799F21ED60C9F926" box="[1192,1240,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
; MendozaBecerril
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7DCF21B1653BF90A" box="[248,298,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. 2018;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7C4921B06679F90B" author="Miglietta, M. P. &amp; Piraino, S. &amp; Pruski, S. &amp; Alpizar Gonzalez, M. &amp; Castellanos-Iglesias, S. &amp; Jeronimo-Aguilar, S. &amp; Lawley, J. W. &amp; Maggioni, D. &amp; Martell, L. &amp; Matsumoto, Y. &amp; Moncada, A. &amp; Nagale, P. &amp; Phongphattarawat, S. &amp; Sheridan, C. &amp; Soto Angel, J. J. &amp; Sukhoputova, A. &amp; Collin, R." box="[382,616,1760,1787]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="102 - 112" refId="ref63518" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Piraino, S., Pruski, S., Alpizar Gonzalez, M., Castellanos-Iglesias, S., Jeronimo-Aguilar, S., Lawley, J. W., Maggioni, D., Martell, L., Matsumoto, Y., Moncada, A., Nagale, P., Phongphattarawat, S., Sheridan, C., Soto Angel, J. J., Sukhoputova, A. &amp; Collin, R. (2018) An integrative identification guide to the Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Neotropical Biodiversity, 4, 102 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23766808.2018.1488656" type="journal article" year="2018">
Miglietta
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7CDB21B1660CF90A" box="[492,541,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D39E07F7DF0205560B0FF09" blockId="29.[151,1437,356,2039]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,150,465]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
For much of the 20
<superScript id="7C4A9BE90D39E07C7C90205465A5F8E2" attach="left" box="[423,436,1796,1810]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">th</superScript>
century, this species was assigned to
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7E5D20556175F8EE" box="[874,1380,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7E5D20556049F8EE" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[874,1112,1797,1822]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">Dynamena cornicina</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C794D20546175F8EE" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[1146,1380,1796,1822]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">Sertularia cornicina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
McCrady, 1859). The actual identity of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7F18207966D9F8B2" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[559,712,1833,1858]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7F18207966D9F8B2" box="[559,712,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dy. cornicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is ambiguous at present, however, and its binomen is now taken to be a
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7DDE201D659EF896" box="[233,399,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">nomen dubium</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7CAA201C667AF897" author="McCrady, J." box="[413,619,1868,1895]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref62819" refString="McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady’s (1859)</bibRefCitation>
original description of the species, from Charleston Harbor,
<collectingRegion id="49FBF8430D39E07C7823201C64D5F87A" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D39E07C7DE72021651AF87B" box="[208,267,1905,1931]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">USA</collectingCountry>
, was lacking in detail, no illustrations of it were provided, and no
<typeStatus id="548488030D39E07C7EC120216020F87B" box="[1014,1073,1905,1931]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">types</typeStatus>
are known to exist. His account applies equally to two abundant species in the Charleston area (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7E6120C467E1F85F" author="Calder, D. R." box="[854,1008,1940,1967]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref52409" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991a</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C793320C56097F85E" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1028,1158,1940,1966]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C793320C56097F85E" box="[1028,1158,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Di. disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C798C20C4618DF85E" baseAuthorityName="Lamouroux" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1211,1436,1940,1966]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Amphisbetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C798C20C4618DF85E" box="[1211,1436,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Amphisbetia distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7D8720E96640F823" authority="Lamouroux, 1816" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1816" box="[176,593,1976,2003]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7D8720E9656EF822" box="[176,383,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dynamena distans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D39E07C7CB220E96640F823" author="Lamouroux, J. V. F." box="[389,593,1976,2003]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref61161" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1816) Histoire des polypiers coralligenes flexibles, vulgairement nommes zoophytes. F. Poisson, Caen, 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11172" type="book" year="1816">Lamouroux, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). As for hydroids assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7EAF20E9603EF822" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[920,1071,1977,2002]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7EAF20E9603EF822" box="[920,1071,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dy. cornicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auct. during the period, most are taken to have been identical with
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7F21208D668AF806" baseAuthorityName="Bosc" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[534,667,2012,2038]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7F21208D668AF806" box="[534,667,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Di. disticha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7E13208D6782F806" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1816" box="[804,915,2012,2039]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7E13208D6782F806" box="[804,915,2012,2039]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">A. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Specimens identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D39E07C7980208C618DF806" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[1207,1436,2012,2038]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D39E07C7980208C618DF806" box="[1207,1436,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sertularia cornicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Charleston exist in collections at the MCZ (MCZ IZ 175, MCZ IZ 176), but they were collected by Louis Agassiz rather than John McCrady (Adam Baldinger, personal communication,
<date id="FF8110610D3AE07F791727EA60D3FF25" box="[1056,1218,186,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2021-04-15">15 April 2021</date>
). The identity of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D3AE07F78B027EB6513FF08" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D3AE07F78B027EB6184FF25" box="[1415,1429,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D3AE07F7DA0278F6513FF08" box="[151,258,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">cornicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may therefore be suspected, but not unequivocally proven, from those collections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D3AE07F7DF026536502FE5D" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D3AE07F7DF0265365CBFEEC" bold="true" box="[199,474,258,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Reported Distribution.</emphasis>
Hawaiian archipelago. Oahu: Kaneohe Bay, Coconut Point (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D3AE07F79AF26536139FEED" author="Cooke, W. J." box="[1176,1320,259,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="71 - 104" refId="ref54661" refString="Cooke, W. J. (1977) Order Hydroida. In: Devaney, D. M. &amp; Eldredge, L. G. (Eds.), Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 1: Protozoa through Ctenophora. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Special Publication, 64 (1), 71 - 104." type="journal article" year="1977">Cooke 1977</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D3AE07F786126536557FEB0" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D3AE07F786126536557FEB0" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dynamena cornicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—Kauai: Nawiliwili main dock, concrete pier pilings; Port Allen main dock, concrete pier pilings (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D3AE07F7DA8261B6576FE95" author="Coles, S. L. &amp; Reath, P. R. &amp; Longenecker, K. &amp; Bolick, H. &amp; Eldredge, L. G." box="[159,359,331,357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref54372" refString="Coles, S. L., Reath, P. R., Longenecker, K., Bolick, H. &amp; Eldredge, L. G. (2004) Assessment of nonindigenous marine species in harbors and on nearby coral reefs on Kaua'i, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 29, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2004">
Coles
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D3AE07F7DDE261B650DFE95" box="[233,284,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D3AE07F7CA3261B663FFE94" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[404,558,331,356]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D3AE07F7CA3261B663FFE94" box="[404,558,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dy. cornicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—Molokai: Kaunakakai Harbor main dock, main pier, concrete pier pilings (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D3AE07F7DA8263F6576FE79" author="Coles, S. L. &amp; Reath, P. R. &amp; Longenecker, K. &amp; Bolick, H. &amp; Eldredge, L. G." box="[159,359,367,393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref54372" refString="Coles, S. L., Reath, P. R., Longenecker, K., Bolick, H. &amp; Eldredge, L. G. (2004) Assessment of nonindigenous marine species in harbors and on nearby coral reefs on Kaua'i, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 29, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2004">
Coles
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D3AE07F7DDE263F650DFE79" box="[233,284,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D3AE07F7CA3263F663FFE78" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[404,558,367,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D3AE07F7CA3263F663FFE78" box="[404,558,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dy. cornicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—Maui: Kahului Harbor, Pier 1, concrete pilings (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D3AE07F79B6263F6158FE79" author="Coles, S. L. &amp; Reath, P. R. &amp; Longenecker, K. &amp; Bolick, H. &amp; Eldredge, L. G." box="[1153,1353,367,393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref54372" refString="Coles, S. L., Reath, P. R., Longenecker, K., Bolick, H. &amp; Eldredge, L. G. (2004) Assessment of nonindigenous marine species in harbors and on nearby coral reefs on Kaua'i, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 29, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2004">
Coles
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D3AE07F79FC263F60EFFE79" box="[1227,1278,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D3AE07F7841263F6513FE5C" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornicina">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D3AE07F7841263F6513FE5C" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dy. cornicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D3AE07F7DA026E76158FE21" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,465]" box="[151,1353,439,465]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Elsewhere. Reported to be circumglobal in shallow waters, from tropical to temperate zones (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D3AE07F799A26E7612CFE21" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1197,1341,439,465]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref52701" refString="Calder, D. R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Calder 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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