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<mods:title id="5984515546CD6A74D9E16C898BC5F42D">Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9873C21657828887CE0A3CFA834FD44F">Amaral, André P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1B138A850FDA5EE119356D69BD6D59F0">Mariano, Rodolfo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0000A048CE72EFAF225E2602BFDAA36D">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Depto. de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 45650 - 000, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D075AC04F4EEF8167AC981D7D5A240F5">Pinho, Luiz Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5F10B1FB7E6D75CC44212F6D92C4E184">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Depto. de Ecologia e Zoologia, CEP 88040 - 901, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF97366EFEA9A37CFB17ED33" authority="Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019" authorityName="Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho" authorityYear="2019" box="[381,1207,781,808]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanomami" subGenus="Corethrella">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFEA9A37CFDA8ED33" bold="true" box="[381,520,781,808]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Corethrella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFDCDA37CFD04ED33" bold="true" box="[537,676,781,808]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Corethrella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFD60A37FFC93ED33" bold="true" box="[692,819,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">yanomami</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF97366EFCEDA37FFB17ED33" author="Amaral A. P. &amp; Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C." box="[825,1207,782,808]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="103 - 120" refId="ref61770" refString="Amaral A. P., Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C. 2019. Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae). Zootaxa 4706 (1): 103 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.1.4" type="journal article" year="2019">Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13042A08FF97366EFD70A340FD5BED50" box="[676,763,817,843]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="86.[190,233,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1395,1505,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-379@86.[189,1399,1502,1938]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Fig. 43. Corethrella yanomami Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019, female adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037884/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF97366EFCD1A340FC2FED50" box="[773,911,817,843]" captionStart="Appendix 1" captionStartId="104.[184,306,551,580]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="Appendix 1 (continued). List of species of Corethrellidae recorded from Brazil. 1 stage only briefly described; 2 stage with description uncertain. Asterisks denote new records reported in this paper. L = larva(e); P = pupa(e). C. = Corethrella throughout." pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80368DFF97366EFF69A303FE0AED97" blockId="86.[189,426,882,908]" box="[189,426,882,908]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFF69A303FE0AED97" bold="true" box="[189,426,882,908]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="3B573CD0FF97366EFF3EA3D0FEE2EA3E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4130497344" collectingDate="2009-07-25" collectingMethod="Pennsylvania trap" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="N. Hamada" country="Brazil" elevation="1105" latitude="0.9083333" location="Parque Estadual Serra do Araca" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-63.440002" municipality="Barcelos" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Amazonas State" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="5484882FFF97366EFF3EA3D0FEFCEDA0" box="[234,348,929,955]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectingCountry id="F328761DFF97366EFF69A3B5FE86EDC5" box="[189,294,964,990]" name="Brazil" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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<collectingRegion id="49FBF86FFF97366EFE9FA3B5FDB8EDC5" box="[331,536,964,990]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Amazonas State</collectingRegion>
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, adult;
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4ACF7FF97366EFD7AA3B5FCB8EDC5" box="[686,792,964,990]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Barcelos</collectingMunicipality>
,
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,
<locationDeviation id="9A322FAFFF97366EFB68A3B5FEBBEA1A" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Igarapé da anta (banho)</locationDeviation>
, S02;
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,
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a.s.l.;
<date id="FF81104DFF97366EFCEBA396FC6FEA19" box="[831,975,999,1026]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2009-07-25">
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9A5FF97366EFCEBA396FC6FEA19" box="[831,975,999,1026]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2009-07-25">25 Jul. 2009</collectingDate>
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;
<collectorName id="26CA535BFF97366EFC0DA399FBFDEA1A" box="[985,1117,999,1026]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">N. Hamada</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFBB7A399FB3CEA1A" box="[1123,1180,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="527E4E9AFF97366EFB0EA396FF4CEA3E" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pennsylvania trap</collectingMethod>
;
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE48FF97366EFF2CA47AFE9EEA3E" box="[248,318,1035,1061]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">INPA</collectionCode>
.
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<heading id="D0C881E1FF97366EFF69A43DFEEEEA7D" bold="true" box="[189,334,1100,1126]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFF69A43DFEEEEA7D" bold="true" box="[189,334,1100,1126]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B80368DFF97366EFF3EA40AFE46EA8E" blockId="86.[189,1398,1147,1314]" box="[234,486,1147,1173]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFF3EA40AFE2EEA8E" bold="true" box="[234,398,1147,1173]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Female adult</emphasis>
(n = 1)
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<paragraph id="8B80368DFF97366EFF69A4EFFB9CEB39" blockId="86.[189,1398,1147,1314]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
HEAD (
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF97366EFEC6A4EFFE21EAA3" box="[274,385,1182,1208]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="86.[190,233,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1395,1505,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-379@86.[189,1399,1502,1938]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Fig. 43. Corethrella yanomami Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019, female adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037884/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 43A</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFE4CA4ECFE56EAAC" bold="true" box="[408,502,1181,1207]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Sensilla</emphasis>
: Ocular row with 1 thick offset seta on ventral part, 1 more dorsal, and 12 setae shortly extending posteriorly. Subocular row not well-defined anteriorly, with 8 slender posterior setae; vertex with a few additional slender setae. Postgenal row with 10 slender setae, ranging from posterior end of ocular row to subventrally. With 2 thick ventromedial setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF97366FFF69A538FA92EF96" blockId="86.[188,1399,1352,1450]" lastBlockId="87.[188,1400,265,397]" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
THORAX (
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF97366EFEE5A538FE3CEB78" box="[305,412,1353,1379]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="86.[190,233,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1395,1505,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-379@86.[189,1399,1502,1938]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Fig. 43. Corethrella yanomami Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019, female adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037884/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 43B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFE60A539FDB3EB79" bold="true" box="[436,531,1352,1378]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Sensilla</emphasis>
: Antepronotum with 1 slender anterodorsal seta and 4 intermediate setae ventrolaterally. Postpronotum with 1 thick, 1 intermediate, and 1 slender dorsal setae. Scutum, prescutal area with 2 thick setae near prescutal suture and 3 slender ones more posteriorly; anterior portion with 4 slender ventral setae. Antealar area with 10 thick/intermediate and 7 slender setae scattered on ventral part. Supraalar area with 1 thick seta, surrounded by 9 slender setae. Dorsocentral row, posterior part with cluster of 5 thick setae; about 18 thick/intermediate and approximately 31 slender setae completing row. Scutellum with 8 thick setae. Posterior anepisternum bare. Anepimeron with 5 slender setae.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80368DFF97366EFF6AA7DAFBD4E9F3" blockId="86.[188,1398,1963,2025]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFF6AA7DAFEB9E9DE" bold="true" box="[190,281,1963,1989]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 43.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF97366EFECBA7DAFC09E9DE" authority="Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019" authorityName="Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho" authorityYear="2019" box="[287,937,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanomami">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFECBA7DAFD86E9DE" box="[287,550,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Corethrella yanomami</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF97366EFDF8A7DAFC09E9DE" author="Amaral A. P. &amp; Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C." box="[556,937,1963,1989]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="103 - 120" refId="ref61770" refString="Amaral A. P., Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C. 2019. Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae). Zootaxa 4706 (1): 103 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.1.4" type="journal article" year="2019">Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho, 2019</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, female adult.
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFB86A7DAFBC7E9DE" bold="true" box="[1106,1127,1963,1989]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view.
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF97366EFCDEA7BFFCBEE9F3" bold="true" box="[778,798,1998,2024]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
. Thoracic setae, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF96366FFF69A1C5FDE1EFD4" blockId="87.[189,577,436,469]" box="[189,577,436,469]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
WING. R
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF96366FFEF1A1B6FE8EEFCE" attach="left" box="[293,302,455,469]" fontSize="6" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">3</subScript>
/R
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF96366FFE9DA1B6FEF2EFCE" attach="left" box="[329,338,455,469]" fontSize="6" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">1</subScript>
: 0.59; R
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF96366FFE63A1B6FE72EFCE" attach="left" box="[439,466,455,469]" fontSize="6" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">2+3</subScript>
/R
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF96366FFE3AA1B6FE57EFCE" attach="left" box="[494,503,455,469]" fontSize="6" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">2</subScript>
: 0.59.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF96366FFF69A187FD2EEC28" blockId="87.[189,1399,501,563]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
LEGS. Empodium (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF96366FFE74A184FD6AEC0B" author="Amaral A. P. &amp; Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C." box="[416,714,501,528]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="103 - 120" refId="ref61770" refString="Amaral A. P., Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C. 2019. Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae). Zootaxa 4706 (1): 103 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.1.4" type="journal article" year="2019">
Amaral
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF96366FFDD1A187FDE4EC14" box="[517,580,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2019: 115
</bibRefCitation>
, as fig. 7f) of intermediate length and thickness, with 3 branches. Ta1/Ta2: 2.86; Ta3/Ta4: 1.25.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3256506FF96366FFF69A22BFCBEED17" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF96366FFF69A22BFE4FEC6F" blockId="87.[189,495,602,628]" box="[189,495,602,628]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<heading id="D0C881E1FF96366FFF69A22BFE4FEC6F" bold="true" box="[189,495,602,628]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF96366FFF69A22BFE4FEC6F" bold="true" box="[189,495,602,628]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF96366FFF69A2F8FCBEED17" blockId="87.[188,1401,649,781]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
The specimen examined is the
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, described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF96366FFCF8A2F8FBBFECB8" author="Amaral A. P. &amp; Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C." box="[812,1055,649,675]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="103 - 120" refId="ref61770" refString="Amaral A. P., Mariano R. &amp; Pinho L. C. 2019. Four new species and some new records of Brazilian frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae). Zootaxa 4706 (1): 103 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.1.4" type="journal article" year="2019">
Amaral
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF96366FFC5FA2F8FC65ECB8" box="[907,965,649,675]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
: “This species is known from a single female specimen collected with a light trap in Barcelos municipality,
<collectingRegion id="49FBF86FFF96366FFBB1A2DDFA84ECDD" box="[1125,1316,684,710]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Amazonas state</collectingRegion>
. Aracá State Park is in a mountainous region of Amazon forest, the Tepuis, near the Brazilian border with
<collectingCountry id="F328761DFF96366FFF69A283FE9CED17" box="[189,316,754,780]" name="Venezuela" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.” The altitude recorded was
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF96366FFD5CA283FD40ED16" box="[648,736,754,781]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.105" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="1105.0">1105 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3256506FF96366FFF69A345FB0CEA37" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF96366FFF69A345FE8FED55" blockId="87.[189,303,820,846]" box="[189,303,820,846]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<heading id="D0C881E1FF96366FFF69A345FE8FED55" bold="true" box="[189,303,820,846]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF96366FFF69A345FE8FED55" bold="true" box="[189,303,820,846]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF96366FFF69A312FB0CEA37" blockId="87.[188,1399,866,1069]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Four specimens collected with light trap in Uruçuca,
<collectingRegion id="49FBF86FFF96366FFC9CA313FC2CED67" box="[840,908,866,892]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Bahia</collectingRegion>
keyed out to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF96366FFBEEA313FAE6ED67" authorityName="Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho" authorityYear="2019" box="[1082,1350,866,892]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanomami">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF96366FFBEEA313FAE6ED67" box="[1082,1350,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Corethrella yanomami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differed with regard to the number of clypeal setae (34), posterior dorsocentral setae (34), flagellomere VIII without a sensillum coeloconicum, and empodium with two branches. These differences may represent intraspecific variation, but conservatively, they were not included in the present study. Since
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF96366FFF69A39EFEF8EA12" authorityName="Amaral, Mariano &amp; Pinho" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,344,1007,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanomami">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF96366FFF69A39EFEF8EA12" box="[189,344,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">C. yanomami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described based on a single specimen, it is important to try to collect more individuals at the
<typeStatus id="5484882FFF96366FFED0A462FE97EA36" box="[260,311,1043,1069]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus>
locality in order to better assess the morphological variation of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>