94 lines
11 KiB
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94 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document id="975DADC3A569D2694BC4C2654D049184" ID-CLB-Dataset="2968" ID-DOI="10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.6.13" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5323143f-4530-4bd7-a643-9b34fc48c2d7" ID-ISSN="2624-2834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5778510" ID-ZooBank="9924541E-6D36-4B6C-85B1-F12EF6830012" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1639468984953" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Manukyan, Andranik R. & Zhindarev, Leonid A." docDate="2021" docId="8F749744FF9AFFF7FF0BFB9DFEE6FBF4" docLanguage="en" docName="palaeoentomology.4.6.13.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeoentomology 4 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E.4:Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E" docStyleName="Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cryptinae Kirby 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="639" masterDocId="734DEF3CFF98FFF5FF83FA40FF85FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Baltic amber" masterLastPageNumber="647" masterPageNumber="637" pageNumber="639" updateTime="1699472375025" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D1A49563EA94C4D441DE0A01B71A5761">Fossil Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Baltic amber</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="53F181CC4E3CCB51228388275E495AF9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1A92F815C46DD619A0763277FB0CFC76">Manukyan, Andranik R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="166B2308823C4796E59E46E73B833BD1">Kaliningrad Amber Museum, Marshal Vasilevskiy Square 1, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8B39EC81CEF901A981A91C485D9B1360">Zhindarev, Leonid A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3D0215DD119381A2D46936710E6A18E9">Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, GSP- 1, Moscow 119991, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A2C3923054A63B608EBF6646B5FBC824">Palaeoentomology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F82D51E4A6B087F8B56A69AB8ECA1ED4">
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<mods:date id="BB596005D67152E42E4DC2DF030E6722">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="580198501E3DADAD489FA2EC052DDA2C">2021-12-14</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E38D4066B4972E42B156196541EA2013" type="DOI">10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.6.13</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8F749744FF9AFFF7FF0BFB9DFEE6FBF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5778514" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191561965" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5778514" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F749744FF9AFFF7FF0BFB9DFEE6FBF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F749744FF9AFFF7FF0BFB9DFEE6FBF4" lastPageNumber="639" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">
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<subSubSection id="4FC775D9FF9AFFF7FF0BFB9DFD93FE2E" box="[136,534,477,503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="07622652FF9AFFF7FF0BFB9DFD93FE2E" blockId="2.[136,534,477,503]" box="[136,534,477,503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">
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<heading id="5C2A913EFF9AFFF7FF0BFB9DFD93FE2E" box="[136,534,477,503]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FF0BFB9DFD93FE2E" bold="true" box="[136,534,477,503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FE89FB9DFD93FE2E" authority="Kirby, 1837" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[266,534,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" superFamily="Cryptinae">Cryptinae Kirby, 1837</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="4FC775D9FF9AFFF7FF0BF864FEE6FBF4" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="07622652FF9AFFF7FF0BF864FEE6FBF4" blockId="2.[136,778,548,1069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FF0BF864FF73FDE7" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[136,246,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cryptinae">Cryptinae</taxonomicName>
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is the largest subfamily of
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FDD5F864FC83FDE7" ID-CoL="BCL" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[598,774,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
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, about 3,100 species have been described, in 275 genera (
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FF13F82BFEDAFD5C" author="Broad, G. R. & Shaw, M. R. & Fitton, M. G." box="[144,351,619,646]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="411" refId="ref5960" refString="Broad, G. R., Shaw, M. R. & Fitton, M. G. (2018) Ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): their classification and biology. Handbooks for the identification of British Insects, 7 (12), 411 рр." type="journal article" year="2018">
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Broad
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FF5FF82CFE88FD5C" box="[220,269,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">et al</emphasis>
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., 2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Mostly species are external parasites of insect pupae and cocoons. The earliest
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FDECF8CEFD58FD71" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[623,733,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cryptinae">Cryptinae</taxonomicName>
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are recorded in the Early Eocene (Green River Formation) (
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FF0CF895FE21FD29" author="Spasojevic, T. & Wedmann, S. & Klopfstein, S." box="[143,420,725,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="0197477" refId="ref7941" refString="Spasojevic, T., Wedmann, S. & Klopfstein, S. (2018 b) Seven remarkable new fossil species of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from the Eocene Messel Pit. PLoS ONE, 13 (6), e 0197477. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0197477" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Spasojevic
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FE91F896FEC6FD36" box="[274,323,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">et al</emphasis>
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., 2018b
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</bibRefCitation>
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). A high occurrence and species diversity were noted in the Beds of the Bembridge marls (
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FF13F95CFEC1FCEF" author="Khalaim, A. I." box="[144,324,796,822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="344 - 360" refId="ref6631" refString="Khalaim, A. I. (2014) Family Ichneumonidae Latreille, 1802. In: Antropov, A. V., Belokobylskij, S. A., Compton, S. G., Dlussky, G. M., Khalaim, A. I., Kolyada, V. A., Kozlov, M. A., Perfilieva, K. S. & Rasnitsyn, A. P. (2014) The wasps, bees and ants (Insecta: Vespida = Hymenoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 104, 344 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755691014000103" type="journal article" year="2014">Khalaim, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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), Florissant (
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FE67F95CFDF2FCEF" author="Brues, C. T." box="[484,631,796,822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="491 - 498" refId="ref6012" refString="Brues, C. T. (1906) Fossil parasitic and phytophagous Hymenoptera from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 22, 491 - 498." type="journal article" year="1906">Brues, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FD09F95CFD43FCEF" author="Brues, C. T." box="[650,710,796,822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref6046" refString="Brues, C. T. (1910) The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Tertiary of Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 54 (1), 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
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), and Biamo (
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FF65F97FFE12FC80" author="Khalaim, A. I." box="[230,407,831,857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="101 - 112" refId="ref6541" refString="Khalaim, A. I. (2008) Fossil ichneumon wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Biamo (Russia), Oligocene. Alavesia, 2, 101 - 112." type="journal article" year="2008">Khalaim, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). However, they are rare in the Early Eocene Tadushi Formation (
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FD81F922FF40FC79" author="Tolkanitz, V. I. & Perkovsky, E. E." pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="31 - 34" refId="ref8148" refString="Tolkanitz, V. I. & Perkovsky, E. E. (2018) First record of the late Eocene ichneumon fly Rasnitsynites tarsalis Kasparyan (Ichneumonidae, Townesitinae) in Ukraine confirms correlation of the upper Eocene Lagerstatten. Paleontological Journal, 52 (11), 31 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030118010136" type="journal article" year="2018">Tolkanitz & Perkovsky, 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). The subfamily dominates in inclusions of Baltic amber in terms of abundance, constituting more than 44% of the studied samples. The fossil fauna of Baltic amber is completely unrevised and not a single species has been formally described.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |