224 lines
27 KiB
XML
224 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="D820CFCDE7DB58DC260CF77DCF8F0859" ID-CLB-Dataset="35812" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.619.8249" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a922f94-8a24-4645-858a-3018c7020433" ID-PMC="PMC5090163" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-619-103" ID-PubMed="27829790" ID-ZooBank="DEE6785964AC4C3F8DF767A7BE1868FB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-619-103" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 619" ModsDocTitle="Jewelled spider flies of North America: a revision and phylogeny of Eulonchus Gerstaecker (Diptera, Acroceridae)" checkinTime="1475024513610" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Borkent, Christopher J., Gillung, Jessica P. & Winterton, Shaun L." docDate="2016" docId="4B5303B82C52EC3B8C0091042FC58262" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 619: 103-146" docOrigin="ZooKeys 619" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.619.8249" docTitle="Eulonchus smaragdinus Gerstaecker 1856" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="104EFFE02E29FFBF7B0C2941C856F05C" masterDocTitle="Jewelled spider flies of North America: a revision and phylogeny of Eulonchus Gerstaecker (Diptera, Acroceridae)" masterLastPageNumber="146" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="118" updateTime="1701383429452" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="10F3731C1FFC6D6DF241A794B460185C">Jewelled spider flies of North America: a revision and phylogeny of Eulonchus Gerstaecker (Diptera, Acroceridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D2CFCBF59A6652B78D7D3C905B6064BA">Borkent, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A4A8F025431AEF703BCD2ADD9DA916C">Gillung, Jessica P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E5B89C3DB06493221245ACD126BA301">Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BADEEE6A53DE5E1104D52B1E763FB828">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="A0ED4FEF58E308E403395977BC80F8E5">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1CBF1FC6DDF55FE6F3CBA0876DB1C0E1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="33ACC10618B38AEE788388446E8BCB31">619</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E0D3356FBD98520CCAC92B00B7B896CC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="56B2D099FB72A15AA18E72A24CA98579" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.619.8249</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="21EBF6DB1B52D4751FE73DFD5D124468" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-619-103</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4B5303B82C52EC3B8C0091042FC58262" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127859580" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B5303B82C52EC3B8C0091042FC58262" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B5303B82C52EC3B8C0091042FC58262" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">
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<subSubSection id="69863746E4E0A2119F8D35C182C3DF9D" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="00919CC2DC41A6B4700FC961BABB5761" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Acroceridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BDCC99E406FA378F055644643AD9D36B" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BE2584A2739AA61B19EBC933C244CB9E" pageId="15" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName id="4225A09FE3DC27DBB493059F19EFD0DA" ID-CoL="3CBW4" authority="Gerstaecker, 1856" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus smaragdinus" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinus">Eulonchus smaragdinus Gerstaecker, 1856</taxonomicName>
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Figs 10, 11, 12, 16F, 17E, 18E, 19E
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66672059E4E892A2BE688BC690372981" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1007570B3C7B4B789BA906DCA60D3D27" pageId="16" pageNumber="119">
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<taxonomicName id="112100B93CF8BF3674DDA447B1920F31" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus smaragdinus" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinus">
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<pageBreakToken id="0F90F88FCAADC662746B0C4A504A643F" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" start="start">Eulonchus</pageBreakToken>
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smaragdinus
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</taxonomicName>
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Gerstaecker, 1856: 360.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA437610814F063BC9837724DD8E1C69" pageId="16" pageNumber="119">
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<taxonomicName id="44C688A57BB814F030F3BA18B7F54EB7" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus smaragdinus" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="smaragdinus" subspecies="pilosus">Eulonchus smaragdinus pilosus</taxonomicName>
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Schlinger, 1960: 418, syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E89BF28E786788282844F69AE97930C7" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" type="references">
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<paragraph id="425A4D8B9463126A21FA3329384A60CB" pageId="16" pageNumber="119">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7768E810E2F1595F00F9D5C479A06D30" pageId="16" pageNumber="119">
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<bibRefCitation id="2020F4F61C0CD1CFAFD701924E26D5A9" author="Osten Sacken, CR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" pagination="189 - 354" title="Western Diptera: Descriptions of new genera and species of Diptera from the region west of the Mississippi and especially from California." url="10.5962/bhl.title.57939" volume="3" year="1877">Osten Sacken 1877</bibRefCitation>
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: 276 (California, notes),
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<bibRefCitation id="DAA1139CF2ADD3475FDD66EDA5C2C646" author="Osten Sacken, CR" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian miscellaneous Collections" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" title="Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America." volume="16" year="1878">1878</bibRefCitation>
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: 99 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="51257746F4075415D1F019633FF091B2" author="Melander, AL" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="26" pageNumber="129" pagination="178 - 182" title="Notes on the Acroceridae." volume="13" year="1902">Melander 1902</bibRefCitation>
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: 181 (California);
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<bibRefCitation id="CCB5E4F2E44EEF08E24716A0484077A4" author="Aldrich, JM" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian miscellaneous collections" pageId="25" pageNumber="128" title="A catalog of North American Diptera." volume="46" year="1905">Aldrich 1905</bibRefCitation>
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: 221 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="11260C9E261907D8B3F9A34E3BDA2C8A" author="Kertesz, K" journalOrPublisher="Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapest" pageId="26" pageNumber="129" title="Catalogus Dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Vol. 4, Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Apioceridae, Asilidae." year="1909">
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<normalizedToken id="180AF22DE66705004013F5F747454146" originalValue="Kertész">Kertesz</normalizedToken>
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1909
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 12 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="7F740302F9562349195DE2EE851FD75E" author="Verrall, GH" editor="Verrall, GH" journalOrPublisher="Gurney & Jackson, London" pageId="28" pageNumber="131" title="Stratiomyidae and succeeding families of the DipteraBrachycera of Great Britain." volumeTitle="British Flies" year="1909">Verrall 1909</bibRefCitation>
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a: 451 (fig wing);
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<bibRefCitation id="BB6CE0C49ED0C7FC16414F9C7A587AB8" author="Cole, FR" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="25" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 79" title="The dipterous family Cyrtidae in North America." volume="45" year="1919">Cole 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 34 (key, notes, figs, California);
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<bibRefCitation id="51AACC15AD4E7CFA98EFF6D3AC80FE0D" author="Essig, EO" journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, New York" pageId="26" pageNumber="129" title="Insects of Western North America." year="1926">Essig 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 559 (descr. note, California);
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<bibRefCitation id="1AEAF1CF253FBAF1C70DA018B3184C2A" author="Brunetti, E" journalOrPublisher="The North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Entomology, Raleigh" pageId="25" pageNumber="128" url="10.1080/00222932608633552" year="1926">Brunetti 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 583 (Uruguay [misidentification]);
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<bibRefCitation id="59B332FA1000E5217B4D42A4E21C3BD8" author="Sabrosky, CW" journalOrPublisher="The American Midland Naturalist Journal" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" pagination="382 - 430" title="A further contribution to the classification of the North American spider parasites of the Acroceratidae (Diptera)." url="10.2307/2421592" volume="39" year="1948">Sabrosky 1948</bibRefCitation>
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: 388 (key ref., notes);
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<bibRefCitation id="CF508BCFB7B69F02D0F16EF996FF37C0" author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" title="A lectotype designation in the genus Eulonchus (Diptera: Acroceridae)." volume="28" year="1953">Schlinger 1953</bibRefCitation>
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: 220 (LT designation),
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<bibRefCitation id="451C792BC4B3139DDA26917309C1DA7C" author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" pagination="416 - 422" title="A review of the genus Eulonchus Gerstaecker. Part I. The species of the smaragdinus group (Diptera: Acroceridae)." url="10.1093/aesa/53.3.416" volume="53" year="1960">1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 417 (description, distr., figs),
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<bibRefCitation id="472CE176CD7E0399DE2D32CACF1DF3DA" pageId="16" pageNumber="119">1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 404 (catalogue),
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<bibRefCitation id="0D3B45FE2661AEF9BC5E9B8178C4AC5A" author="Schlinger, EI" editor="Nentwig, W" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, Berlin" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" pagination="319 - 327" title="The biology of Acroceridae (Diptera): True endoparasitoids of spiders." url="10.1007/978-3-642-71552-5_24" volumeTitle="Ecophysiology of Spiders" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 320 (host
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<taxonomicName id="CF0041C6FD93EF9151007F5800AFBBDC" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus standfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="standfordianus">Aptostichus standfordianus</taxonomicName>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="A26D240ECF8169738EABBDA445DDD3AD" author="Paramonov, S" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" pagination="16 - 25" title="New Zealand Cyrtidae (Diptera) and the problem of the Pacific island fauna." volume="9" year="1955">Paramonov 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 20 (comparison with
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<taxonomicName id="840078DA5269AEDA0DA244930CC0B28C" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Apsona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apsona muscaria" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscaria">Apsona muscaria</taxonomicName>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="096A4FECB900B8E9CAF8F115A62A9FF6" author="Cole, FR" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="26" pageNumber="129" title="The Flies of Western North America" year="1969">Cole 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 221 (notes);
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<bibRefCitation id="12637950829FEA17A18ACBC16A59A100" author="Poole, RW" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Information Service, Rockville" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" title="Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A checklist of the insects of North America" year="1996">Poole 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 36 (checklist).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="517B93E10BF3AEC8B3836ADA7DA2767E" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" type="common name">
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<paragraph id="355080F2B12F53ABB946B2A32F937927" pageId="16" pageNumber="119">Common name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD557C5D6253A6A95BF2F308B5AED3FB" pageId="16" pageNumber="119">Southern Emerald or Sapphire.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0C0EC2C14C403FC706203873D1AC4758" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="5D9E863537680BC1AF81C59FCBD13053" pageId="16" pageNumber="119">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7FAAB6722909ED530048DB53EE56493F" pageId="16" pageNumber="119">Proboscis curved and longer than abdomen apex (as long or longer than wing length); ocellar tubercle nearly flat, weakly bifurcated; legs bright yellow; body colour metallic green, blue or purple; thorax covered in yellowish pile.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6792616914028A3C696F331CEEE8D860" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="16" pageNumber="119" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="C3F7B157A63D98F20EC7D1F4F33941E1" pageId="16" pageNumber="119">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26A0CD477FAB44089FE117E11DA731F4" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="16" pageNumber="119">
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Body length: 8.3-12.9 mm, Wing length: 6.9-12.6 mm. Head. Flagellum red-brown or dark brown, male flagellum cylindrical, shorter than head height; scape and pedicel brown; clypeus elongate, length equal to oral cavity; rounded with flat area dorsally, black-brown, surface glossy, glabrous; labial palp brown or yellow, extending anteriorly beyond proboscis at point of attachment; margin of oral cavity (parafacial) glabrous, admixed with pubescence; proboscis length extending beyond abdomen; ocellar tubercle bifurcate (processes short and rounded), tubercle height
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<pageBreakToken id="A3A821095FD1784F7CCE3183CEF4D425" pageId="17" pageNumber="120" start="start">shorter</pageBreakToken>
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than width; median ocellus present or greatly reduced; occiput metallic green-blue or blue, pile densely white or yellow. Thorax. Metallic green, blue or purple, pile white or yellow; coxae brown or black with metallic blue (and green) sheen; femora yellow; tibiae dark yellow; tarsi dark yellow (distal tarsomeres often darker); calypter margin yellow or light brown; calypter membrane transparent; haltere entirely light brown to yellow. Abdomen. Metallic green or blue-violet, vestiture white or yellow, dominant setae appressed or erect, pile posteriorly directed, marginal band of laterally directed pile on T2-4. Male genitalia (Figs 17A, 18A, 19A). Epandrium rectangular, wide at the apex, with posterior margin slightly concave; gonocoxite deeply emarginate along anterior margin, fenestrae lacking; aedeagus thinned at the apex, only slightly sclerotized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E305D19C16EC329FC3B0509D0A13CCEA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="17" pageNumber="120" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="E166631147AC2265241B508DA70EEA5B" pageId="17" pageNumber="120">Type material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD60D4DB467D35D0954FABB941F8C12B" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="17" pageNumber="120">
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Lectotype male, ZMB, "Californien/ von
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<normalizedToken id="940006D671C6F2476EE2E755D24EE3C6" originalValue="Müller”">Mueller"</normalizedToken>
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[green];
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<normalizedToken id="133D7DB73ADB52FB3A86C2963C943C20" originalValue="“1251”">"1251"</normalizedToken>
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[white];
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<normalizedToken id="F690F93CCECBC2590DCEC488FBA5C1BF" originalValue="“Type”">"Type"</normalizedToken>
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[orange]; "
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<taxonomicName id="2DF1B996A368E4C94C49E6F012F8AAC8" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus smaragdinus" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinus">smaragdinus</taxonomicName>
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/ Gerst.*" [green]; "Californ. v.
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<normalizedToken id="F12EA283595C4BA98BE808DD85560A81" originalValue="Müller”">Mueller"</normalizedToken>
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[green]; "LECTOTYPE/
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<taxonomicName id="3333DD016F0885F63F316ABF5C047932" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eulonchus</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="345FAAADA4B4F49312422A32425C8565" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus smaragdinus" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinus">smaragdinus</taxonomicName>
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/ Gerst./
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<pageBreakToken id="C308708CE97263C224D8A28AC70366C2" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" start="start">Designation</pageBreakToken>
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of. E.I. Schlinger-1952" [blue]; specimen condition: very good, tarsi of both mid legs missing. Body length: 10.0 mm, wing length: 8.6 mm. Paralectotype female, ZMB, "Californien/ von
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<normalizedToken id="72E59E7D171855E34BB6FC0C2F3BA47F" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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S." [green];
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<normalizedToken id="3B91A089D7824AA1D9CF377BD6981BE4" originalValue="“Type”">"Type"</normalizedToken>
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[orange]; "PARALECTOTYPE ♀/
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<taxonomicName id="22B625CF061C0AA183B86F84B3A35DC6" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus smaragdinus" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinus">Eulonchus smaragdinus</taxonomicName>
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/ Gerstaecker/ Det. C.J. Borkent 2015" [yellow]; specimen condition: fair, head crushed, antennae broken off, tarsi of left mid leg and hind right leg missing.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="28A060AB59EF0B6EE0D852A5D2410C97" pageId="18" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="C7EE77AA377711C13178FA5F52B688BE" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus smaragdinus" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="smaragdinus" subspecies="pilosus">Eulonchus smaragdinus pilosus</taxonomicName>
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Schlinger, 1960: 418; Holotype male, USNM, "S Bernadino/ Co. CAL."[white]; "Coquillet/ Collector" [white]; "Insect Book./ Pl.18 fig 23" [white]; "HOLOTYPE/
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<taxonomicName id="0EA6C57DC6FB6D142456772226319EF3" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eulonchus</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="1E9F2866A73FC9B8D562D302427B0D96" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus smaragdinus" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinus">smaragdinus</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="70232B7FD6F35A0083EAE61EEC7ADFAD" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus pilosus" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="pilosus" subspecies="pilosus">pilosus</taxonomicName>
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/ ♂ Schlinger" [orange]; specimen condition: excellent, tarsi of left hind leg missing. Body length: 10.1 mm, Wing length: 9.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="03EA6331CFFA7979B1F64522291DCA65" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="708EB00D2EC65544D59589549B493B2A" pageId="18" pageNumber="121">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="044A2287E920D1825159DD6DC4D2E973" pageId="18" pageNumber="121">Listed in Table 3 (Suppl. material 1).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="545B8EE45D28160D51CA1249D45F9384" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="71D24A50F25AB10DA98EBF757D06861F" pageId="18" pageNumber="121">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="959B276D49754B28C5FF64512D5CE4F7" pageId="18" pageNumber="121">
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(Fig. 20). Nearctic: northern California (USA) to Baja California (Mexico). Erroneous record of Uruguay, see discussion by
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<bibRefCitation id="24E1F55275F9116F329066366E9A2B4C" author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" pagination="416 - 422" title="A review of the genus Eulonchus Gerstaecker. Part I. The species of the smaragdinus group (Diptera: Acroceridae)." url="10.1093/aesa/53.3.416" volume="53" year="1960">Schlinger 1960</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CABF0606CE34A9F70810108298D959C7" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="A445816A1EE9C82AE4B5FB9D495D8683" pageId="18" pageNumber="121">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BBD5899A4F84B5CC4A037FF647FCC446" pageId="18" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="50D175BFC3E965B47D8619EDC88C95FD" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus smaragdinus" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinus">Eulonchus smaragdinus</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded visiting the flowers of 11 different plant families and 18 different species (Table 2,
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<bibRefCitation id="A3A05141BF973441338061A0B56FB401" author="Borkent, CJ" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="25" pageNumber="128" pagination="257 - 264" title="Pollen loads and pollen diversity on bodies of Eulonchustristis (Diptera: Acroceridae): implications for pollination and flower visitation." url="10.4039/n07-061" volume="140" year="2008 b">Borkent and Schlinger 2008b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4F61F211FE90319483797F8F90058D4B" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8255EAFE5B11A3D2BF04FE578A96CFED" pageId="18" pageNumber="121">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D394843387E072BC1760CFDE8A1ED95B" pageId="18" pageNumber="121">
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Host:
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<taxonomicName id="E22F6F61E0FA25DEFA10C4270006D8FC" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus standfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="standfordianus">Aptostichus standfordianus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="5F12ACFEFA437035B14742D784C61827" family="Euctenizidae" lsidName="" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" rank="family">Euctenizidae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="DEEF04DFAE11296771460FC0F17E574D" author="Schlinger, EI" editor="Nentwig, W" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, Berlin" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" pagination="319 - 327" title="The biology of Acroceridae (Diptera): True endoparasitoids of spiders." url="10.1007/978-3-642-71552-5_24" volumeTitle="Ecophysiology of Spiders" year="1987">Schlinger 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9E5D5017BB4EFD1A30B1A573BD998F07" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" type="comments">
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<paragraph id="12E6CA7B114D33C46A00E7EA82D856CD" pageId="18" pageNumber="121">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="13FEE2252B9338CD5CE69213F1ABCF39" pageId="18" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="25A4C510457763D5094DB34498852BC8" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus smaragdinus" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinus">Eulonchus smaragdinus</taxonomicName>
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is highly variable in size and colour, and is superficially morphologically similar to
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<taxonomicName id="86FC77A98FD89D71BA3C35D016DE4714" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus sapphirinus" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirinus">Eulonchus sapphirinus</taxonomicName>
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, most notably in the bright yellow legs. However, it can be easily distinguished from the latter in having a proboscis that is curved (rather than straight) that extends beyond the abdomen, and is often longer than body. Male genitalic characters otherwise indicate a closer relationship to
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<taxonomicName id="6B624B6536F42D4CF32E547B16D6F4B0" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus halli" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halli">Eulonchus halli</taxonomicName>
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, as suggested by
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<bibRefCitation id="A75C4B5645E02239737B3DFA51002B2E" author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" pagination="416 - 422" title="A review of the genus Eulonchus Gerstaecker. Part I. The species of the smaragdinus group (Diptera: Acroceridae)." url="10.1093/aesa/53.3.416" volume="53" year="1960">Schlinger (1960)</bibRefCitation>
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(see Fig. 22).
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<bibRefCitation id="FCB902087036CB04BB4FD63652EA7B3F" author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="130" pagination="416 - 422" title="A review of the genus Eulonchus Gerstaecker. Part I. The species of the smaragdinus group (Diptera: Acroceridae)." url="10.1093/aesa/53.3.416" volume="53" year="1960">Schlinger (1960)</bibRefCitation>
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erected the subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="C143BA309972671722F1EE7198674EE4" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus smaragdinus" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="smaragdinus" subspecies="pilosus">Eulonchus smaragdinus pilosus</taxonomicName>
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due to the lighter coloured pile of the individuals he collected. In our study we found that these lighter individuals were just one end of the colouration spectrum (golden pile changing progressively to white pile when moving north to south) of
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<taxonomicName id="4CF15BC531759AD751766252AEF2C2CE" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Eulonchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eulonchus smaragdinus" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinus">Eulonchus smaragdinus</taxonomicName>
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, and therefore do not recognize it as a distinct subspecies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |