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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7345e6b-fa55-474e-9b6e-d6b185121541" ID-PMC="PMC7718216" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-168-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" ID-PubMed="33335445" ModsDocID="1314-2003-168-1" checkinTime="1606572050664" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dean, Ellen, Poore, Jennifer, Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio, Nee, Michael H., Kang, Hannah, Starbuck, Thomas, Rodrigues, Annamarie &amp; Conner, Matthew" docDate="2020" docId="0D1AAE1D997CCE50617FBDB49035CB1A" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 168: 1-333" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 168" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" docTitle="Lycianthes barbatula Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23 (5): 228 1947" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" masterDocTitle="The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala" masterLastPageNumber="333" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140149145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Dean, Ellen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eadean@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Poore, Jennifer</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio Nacional de Identificacion y Caracterizacion Vegetal (LaniVeg), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramon Padilla Sanchez 2100, 45110 Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nee, Michael H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>26776 US Hwy 14, Richland Center, WI 53581, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kang, Hannah</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Starbuck, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rodrigues, Annamarie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Conner, Matthew</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>168</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-168-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170596559" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D1AAE1D997CCE50617FBDB49035CB1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D1AAE1D997CCE50617FBDB49035CB1A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
6
<taxonomicName authority="Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23 (5): 228 1947" authorityName="Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23 (5): 228" authorityYear="1947" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes barbatula" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbatula">Lycianthes barbatula Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23(5): 228 1947</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Image of herbarium specimen of L. barbatula. Pascual 2155 (DAV). Image used with permission of the UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480028" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Guatemala.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Suchitepéquez">Suchitepequez</normalizedToken>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Santa Clara, between Finca El Naranjo and upper slopes, 1250-2650 m, 23 May 1942,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.A. Steyermark 46653</emphasis>
(holotype: F [0072901F, acc.# 1148517]; isotypes: NY [00138703], US [00624009]).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480028" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 16.</emphasis>
Image of herbarium specimen of
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. barbatula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="barbatula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. barbatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pascual 2155</emphasis>
(DAV). Image used with permission of the UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Shrub, erect to scandent (sometimes described as a vine), 3-5 m tall. Indument of small white, uniseriate, multicellular, simple, curved, eglandular, appressed-ascending trichomes 0.1-1 mm long. Stems green when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, ribbed to angled upon drying in a plant press, woody with age; upper sympodial branching points monochasial or dichasial. Leaves simple, the leaves of the upper sympodia usually paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 4-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-6.5 cm, the smaller ones with blades 1-9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.7-4 cm, the leaf pairs usually similar in shape, the blades narrowly ovate to elliptic or obovate, thick chartaceous, glabrous except for tufts of trichomes located in the axils along the midvein of the abaxial side, the base cuneate to attenuate, sometimes oblique, the margin entire, usually undulate, the apex acute to acuminate, the petiole 0.2-2 cm long, sometimes absent, the larger leaf blades with 5-10 primary veins on each side of the midvein. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2-8, axillary, oriented horizontally to nodding; peduncles absent; pedicels 20-30 mm long and arching in flower, to 40 mm long and spreading to deflexed in fruit, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; calyx 1.5-2.5 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, obconic to campanulate, sparsely pubescent, the margin truncate, with 10 linear, erect to spreading appendages 0.5-2 mm long, emerging 0.5 mm below the calyx rim; fruiting calyx usually enlarged, widely campanulate to bowl-shaped, sometimes splitting, 3-4 mm long, 5-8 mm in diameter, the appendages 2.5-4 mm long, spreading; corolla 0.7-2 cm long, rotate to campanulate in orientation, entire to slightly stellate in outline, divided 0-1/5 of the way to the base, with abundant interpetalar tissue, adaxially white with lavender ring near stamen insertion, abaxial color unknown, glabrous; stamens equal or nearly so, the filaments 2-2.5 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 2.5-3 mm long, elliptic, free of one another, brownish-yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores round, large, dehiscing distally, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 6-7 mm long, linear, straight, glabrous; stigma capitate to oblong, decurrent down two sides. Fruit a berry, 10-12 mm long, 10-12 mm in diameter, globose to ovoid, changing from green to white as it matures, possibly remaining white or changing to blue-grey or purple at maturity, glabrous, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds ca. 20 per fruit, 3-3.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.5 mm, flattened, triangular to depressed ovate in outline, tan to orange-brown, the surface reticulum with minute serpentine pattern with shallow luminae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Mexico (Oaxaca, probably also Chiapas) and Guatemala (Chimaltenango, Quezaltenango,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Suchitepéquez">Suchitepequez</normalizedToken>
), in tropical moist forest, cloud forest, and near coffee plantations, 920-1600 m in elevation. [Note: type specimen has a high elevational range of 2650 m, but the specimen may not have been collected that high.] Our knowledge of the distribution and ecology of this species is incomplete due to the paucity of specimens in herbaria (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Map of geographic distribution of L. barbatula based on herbarium specimen data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480029" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480029" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 17.</emphasis>
Map of geographic distribution of
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. barbatula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="barbatula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. barbatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on herbarium specimen data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None known.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering specimens have been collected in May and June. Specimens with mature fruits have been collected in September and January. Immature fruits have been collected in January. The phenological record is incomplete due to a paucity of specimens. The corollas on the specimens of this species are often open; this indicates that the corollas are open for a substantial amount of time each day.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23 (5): 228" authorityYear="1947" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes barbatula" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbatula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes barbatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rarely collected species of Mexico and Guatemala, represented by only 11 collections, only one of which is from a protected area (Cuenca del Lago
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atitlán">Atitlan</normalizedToken>
, Guatemala). The EOO is 20,500.215 km2, and the AOO is 28 km2. Following the
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" refId="B67" refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019. http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019." url="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" year="2019">IUCN (2019)</bibRefCitation>
criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Endangered (EN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23 (5): 228" authorityYear="1947" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes barbatula" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbatula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes barbatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. manantlanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manantlanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. manantlanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. orogenes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orogenes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. orogenes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with which it shares relatively thick leaves (thick chartaceous to coriaceous), relatively glabrous foliage, long, delicate, arching pedicels, white corollas, and equal to nearly equal stamens with yellowish anthers, sometimes with a brownish connective.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl. &amp; Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23 (5): 228" authorityYear="1947" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes barbatula" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbatula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes barbatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the other two species in having longer calyx appendages and tufts of trichomes in the vein axils along the midvein of the abaxial side of the leaf blade. The fruit color of
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. barbatula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="barbatula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. barbatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded on several specimen labels as being white, and this is also the color given in
<bibRefCitation author="Gentry, Jr JL" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B56" refString="Gentry, Jr JL, Standley, PC, 1974. Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana: Botany 24 (part 10) no. 1-2. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago." title="Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana: Botany 24 (part 10) no. 1 - 2. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago." year="1974">Gentry and Standley (1974)</bibRefCitation>
, but there is uncertainty as to whether this is the final color at maturity or a transitional color, as other specimens mention blue-grey or blue-purple fruits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Representative specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatemala. Chimaltenango</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Acatenanago, Aldea Quisache,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.51806" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.51806">14.51806</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="90.2844" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.2844">-90.2844</geoCoordinate>
, 1500 m, 19 May 2004,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Véliz">Veliz</normalizedToken>
15261
</emphasis>
(BIGU, MEXU).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quetzaltenango</emphasis>
: above Finca Montevideo, along Barranco Espinazo and tributary of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pantaleón">Pantaleon</normalizedToken>
, lower and middle southwestern slopes of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Fuego, 1200-1600 m, 20 Sep 1942,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.A. Steyermark 52055</emphasis>
(US).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Suchitépequez">Suchitepequez</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Santa Clara, between Finca El Naranjo and upper slopes. 1250-2650 m, 23 May 1942,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.A. Steyermark 46653</emphasis>
(US).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico. Oaxaca</emphasis>
: Dto. Pochutla, El
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vigía">Vigia</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.0125" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.0125">16.0125</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="96.1108" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-96.1108">-96.1108</geoCoordinate>
, 1519 m, 24 Jun 2008,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Pascual 2155</emphasis>
(DAV).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>