359 lines
51 KiB
XML
359 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="2021D7009F39CC28650E447BC6DB851D" ID-CLB-Dataset="27879" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4526.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69cd7636-9ec1-4c3b-98ce-d6ce90bc7042" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2611755" ID-ZooBank="3CFFF3AC-C447-4FCE-B6F8-D2B7BAE8B678" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553697705242" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Valdés, Ángel, Lundsten, Lonny & Wilson, Nerida G." docDate="2018" docId="03BE87CCFFB5DE199B8E9A0F7F555D54" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4526.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4526 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cuthona methana Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0F0174D8-1347-439F-93A4-571A5681C46D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="424" masterDocId="FF87FFB4FFA6DE0E9B199F7E7D365F43" masterDocTitle="Five new deep-sea species of nudibranchs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Cladobranchia) from the Northeast Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="433" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="420" updateTime="1698714326354" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="C9B3DB74C0E4E11EAFB053579BB65DF6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="68499579AAC6675C0A278F478CBE1891">
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<mods:title id="9D7334E30B513F96B7063D258C9F6277">Five new deep-sea species of nudibranchs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Cladobranchia) from the Northeast Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="85FE4B0524C5E1DAB4BDC41D8F0E2000" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="345E0278ADA4BC6885B2601FD86834FE">Valdés, Ángel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B350382D977C615755E0C1256187B8D">Lundsten, Lonny</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C36E500EED932063D8491A414BF44E12" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B47C53F2D7025EF9328D2FEBA0E8E0F8">Wilson, Nerida G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6D27DCE2BC973488AA0578DEDF42A89D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EEA016AB13245D5D80E06B927AE2DF15">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A2C2BC196DE3E35ED721550FF142E6F7">
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<mods:date id="B72457FB71A9E3852C0041CF493517B4">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A15DB7A5D3DEDF6C0520122B0EFA3FC7">2018-12-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6C2BC365397EFEA14AEFB105BB5FE865">4526</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BE87CCFFB5DE199B8E9A0F7F555D54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5971412" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154507764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5971412" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F0174D8-1347-439F-93A4-571A5681C46D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87CCFFB5DE199B8E9A0F7F555D54" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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<subSubSection id="C30D6551FFB5DE1D9B8E9A0F7CE15AC8" box="[151,471,1393,1419]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB5DE1D9B8E9A0F7CE15AC8" blockId="19.[151,472,1393,1453]" box="[151,471,1393,1419]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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<heading id="D0E081B6FFB5DE1D9B8E9A0F7CE15AC8" bold="true" box="[151,471,1393,1419]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB5DE1D9B8E9A0F7CE15AC8" bold="true" box="[151,471,1393,1419]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB5DE1D9B8E9A0F7C445AC8" authority="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson, 2018" authorityName="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,370,1393,1419]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="methana" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB5DE1D9B8E9A0F7C445AC8" bold="true" box="[151,370,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Cuthona methana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057B3FFB5DE1D9A609A0F7CE15AC8" box="[377,471,1393,1419]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D6551FFB5DE1D9B8E9AEA7CEE5AEE" box="[151,472,1428,1453]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB5DE1D9B8E9AEA7CEE5AEE" blockId="19.[151,472,1393,1453]" box="[151,472,1428,1453]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB5DE1D9B869AEA7DDD5AEF" box="[159,235,1428,1453]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Digital images of live animals showing color in life. A. Tritonia nigritigris sp. nov., holotype (LACM 3553), in situ, right side invaginations indicated with arrows. B. Tritonia sp. (SIO-BIC M12395), lab photo. C. Dendronotus claguei sp. nov., holotype (LACM 3555), in situ. D. Ziminella vrijenhoeki sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC M12137), lab photo. E. Ziminella vrijenhoeki sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC M12135), lab photo. F. Cuthona methana sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC M12413), lab photo. G. Cuthona methana sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC M12412), lab photo. H. Aeolidia libitinaria sp. nov., holotype (SIO- BIC M12138), lab photo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611759/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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F–G, 15A–D, 16–17)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D6551FFB5DE1D9B8E9AA27E595923" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB5DE1D9B8E9AA27EA7595B" blockId="19.[151,1437,1500,2029]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB5DE1D9B8E9AA27C7E5AB6" bold="true" box="[151,328,1500,1525]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C87FFB5DE1D9A4B9AA27EA7595B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029167709" collectingDate="2011-09-04" collectionCode="SIO-BIC" elevation="599" location="Hydrate Ridge" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54AC8878FFB5DE1D9A4B9AA27C895AB6" box="[338,447,1500,1525]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<location id="8EC86001FFB5DE1D9AD59AA27F405AB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87CCFFB5DE199B8E9A0F7F555D54:8EC86001FFB5DE1D9AD59AA27F405AB6" box="[460,630,1500,1525]" name="Hydrate Ridge" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" stateProvince="Oregon">Hydrate Ridge</location>
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, off
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<collectingRegion id="49D3F838FFB5DE1D99B69AA27E355AB7" box="[687,771,1500,1524]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Oregon</collectingRegion>
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(44.67012, -125.0987),
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<quantity id="4CEF9B3FFFB5DE1D9F049AA279A95AB7" box="[1053,1183,1500,1525]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.985" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.87" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" unit="m" value="598.5" valueMax="610.0" valueMin="587.0">
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<elevation id="003AD1E9FFB5DE1D9F049AA279A95AB7" box="[1053,1183,1500,1525]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.985" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.87" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" unit="m" value="598.5" valueMax="610.0" valueMin="587.0">587–610 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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depth, ROV
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB5DE1D9E279AA378495AB7" authorityName="M. C. Miller" authorityYear="1974" box="[1342,1407,1501,1524]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Jason" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB5DE1D9E279AA378495AB7" box="[1342,1407,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Jason</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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II (dive 593),
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<date id="FFA9101AFFB5DE1D9A00997E7CAE595B" box="[281,408,1536,1560]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" value="2011-09-04">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFEDE9F2FFB5DE1D9A00997E7CAE595B" box="[281,408,1536,1560]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" value="2011-09-04">4 Sep 2011</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 4 mm preserved length (
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<collectionCode id="ED06AE1FFFB5DE1D99AD997E7E2D595B" box="[692,795,1536,1560]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">SIO-BIC</collectionCode>
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M12413).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB5DE1D9BDE995B7E595923" blockId="19.[151,1437,1500,2029]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C87FFB5DE1D9BDE995B7E5D5923" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029167037" collectingDate="2011-09-04" collectionCode="SIO-BIC" elevation="599" location="Hydrate Ridge" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54AC8878FFB5DE1D9BDE995B7C18597E" box="[199,302,1573,1597]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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<location id="8EC86001FFB5DE1D9A23995A7CD5597E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87CCFFB5DE199B8E9A0F7F555D54:8EC86001FFB5DE1D9A23995A7CD5597E" box="[314,483,1572,1597]" name="Hydrate Ridge" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" stateProvince="Oregon">Hydrate Ridge</location>
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||
, off
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||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F838FFB5DE1D9900995A7F5B597F" box="[537,621,1572,1596]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Oregon</collectingRegion>
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||
(44.67012, -125.0987),
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||
<quantity id="4CEF9B3FFFB5DE1D989C995A7930597F" box="[901,1030,1572,1597]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.985" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.87" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" unit="m" value="598.5" valueMax="610.0" valueMin="587.0">
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||
<elevation id="003AD1E9FFB5DE1D989C995A7930597F" box="[901,1030,1572,1597]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.985" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.87" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" unit="m" value="598.5" valueMax="610.0" valueMin="587.0">587–610 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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depth, ROV
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB5DE1D9FB8995B79D5597F" authorityName="M. C. Miller" authorityYear="1974" box="[1185,1251,1573,1596]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Jason" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB5DE1D9FB8995B79D5597F" box="[1185,1251,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Jason</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
II (dive 593),
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||
<date id="FFA9101AFFB5DE1D9E94995A7C345923" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" value="2011-09-04">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFEDE9F2FFB5DE1D9E94995A7C345923" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" value="2011-09-04">4 Sep 2011</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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, 6 mm preserved length, dissected (
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<collectionCode id="ED06AE1FFFB5DE1D998899367FCE5923" box="[657,760,1608,1632]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">SIO-BIC</collectionCode>
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M12412)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30D6551FFB5DE189BDE99127C3359C1" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB5DE1D9BDE9912796758C3" blockId="19.[151,1437,1500,2029]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB5DE1D9BDE99127C6F59C6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1644,1669]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Description.</emphasis>
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Body elongate, wide (
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<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB5DE1D994699127FF559C7" box="[607,707,1644,1669]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Digital images of live animals showing color in life. A. Tritonia nigritigris sp. nov., holotype (LACM 3553), in situ, right side invaginations indicated with arrows. B. Tritonia sp. (SIO-BIC M12395), lab photo. C. Dendronotus claguei sp. nov., holotype (LACM 3555), in situ. D. Ziminella vrijenhoeki sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC M12137), lab photo. E. Ziminella vrijenhoeki sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC M12135), lab photo. F. Cuthona methana sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC M12413), lab photo. G. Cuthona methana sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC M12412), lab photo. H. Aeolidia libitinaria sp. nov., holotype (SIO- BIC M12138), lab photo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611759/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Figs. 2E</figureCitation>
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), with several elongate, dorso-lateral cerata. Cerata arranged in densely packed rows, running from behind oral tentacles to posterior end of body (
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<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB5DE1D9F4199F1798D59EB" box="[1112,1211,1679,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Digital images of live animals showing color in life. A. Tritonia nigritigris sp. nov., holotype (LACM 3553), in situ, right side invaginations indicated with arrows. B. Tritonia sp. (SIO-BIC M12395), lab photo. C. Dendronotus claguei sp. nov., holotype (LACM 3555), in situ. D. Ziminella vrijenhoeki sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC M12137), lab photo. E. Ziminella vrijenhoeki sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC M12135), lab photo. F. Cuthona methana sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC M12413), lab photo. G. Cuthona methana sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC M12412), lab photo. H. Aeolidia libitinaria sp. nov., holotype (SIO- BIC M12138), lab photo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611759/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Figs. 2E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB5DE1D9FD399F1780B59EB" box="[1226,1341,1679,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[260,1339,203,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[260,1339,203,1799]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Photographs of ventral, lateral and dorsal views of the external morphology of preserved specimens of several Aeolidida. A–B. Holotype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12413), A. Ventral view of the head; B, Lateral view of the anterior portion of the body. C–D. Paratype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12412), C. Ventral view of the head; D, Lateral view of the anterior portion of the body. E–F. Specimen of Zeusia herculea (Linnaeus, 1761) (SIO-BIC M12136), E. Ventral view of the head; F, Dorsal view of the head. G–H. Holotype of Aeolidia libitinaria sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12138), G. Ventral view of the head; H, Dorsal view of the head. Abbreviations: a, anus; ot, oral tentacle; pe, penis; rh, rhinophores; ro, reproductive opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611787/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">15B, 15D</figureCitation>
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). Cerata increase in size in each row, lateral cerata typically shorter, dorsal cerata longer. Oral tentacles elongate and wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB5DE1D9B8699A97C7859B3" box="[159,334,1751,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[260,1339,203,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[260,1339,203,1799]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Photographs of ventral, lateral and dorsal views of the external morphology of preserved specimens of several Aeolidida. A–B. Holotype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12413), A. Ventral view of the head; B, Lateral view of the anterior portion of the body. C–D. Paratype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12412), C. Ventral view of the head; D, Lateral view of the anterior portion of the body. E–F. Specimen of Zeusia herculea (Linnaeus, 1761) (SIO-BIC M12136), E. Ventral view of the head; F, Dorsal view of the head. G–H. Holotype of Aeolidia libitinaria sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12138), G. Ventral view of the head; H, Dorsal view of the head. Abbreviations: a, anus; ot, oral tentacle; pe, penis; rh, rhinophores; ro, reproductive opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611787/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Figs. 15A, 15C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Foot corners tentacular, very small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB5DE1D99EF99A97E9359B3" box="[758,933,1751,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[260,1339,203,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[260,1339,203,1799]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Photographs of ventral, lateral and dorsal views of the external morphology of preserved specimens of several Aeolidida. A–B. Holotype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12413), A. Ventral view of the head; B, Lateral view of the anterior portion of the body. C–D. Paratype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12412), C. Ventral view of the head; D, Lateral view of the anterior portion of the body. E–F. Specimen of Zeusia herculea (Linnaeus, 1761) (SIO-BIC M12136), E. Ventral view of the head; F, Dorsal view of the head. G–H. Holotype of Aeolidia libitinaria sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12138), G. Ventral view of the head; H, Dorsal view of the head. Abbreviations: a, anus; ot, oral tentacle; pe, penis; rh, rhinophores; ro, reproductive opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611787/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Figs. 15A, 15C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rhinophores elongate, smooth (15B, 15D). Reproductive opening on right anterior portion of body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB5DE1D985D99827EC35856" box="[836,1013,1788,1813]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[260,1339,203,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[260,1339,203,1799]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Photographs of ventral, lateral and dorsal views of the external morphology of preserved specimens of several Aeolidida. A–B. Holotype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12413), A. Ventral view of the head; B, Lateral view of the anterior portion of the body. C–D. Paratype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12412), C. Ventral view of the head; D, Lateral view of the anterior portion of the body. E–F. Specimen of Zeusia herculea (Linnaeus, 1761) (SIO-BIC M12136), E. Ventral view of the head; F, Dorsal view of the head. G–H. Holotype of Aeolidia libitinaria sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12138), G. Ventral view of the head; H, Dorsal view of the head. Abbreviations: a, anus; ot, oral tentacle; pe, penis; rh, rhinophores; ro, reproductive opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611787/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Fig. 15B, 15D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anal opening lateral, posterior to pericardium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB5DE1D9A3498617CE6587B" box="[301,464,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[260,1339,203,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[260,1339,203,1799]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Photographs of ventral, lateral and dorsal views of the external morphology of preserved specimens of several Aeolidida. A–B. Holotype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12413), A. Ventral view of the head; B, Lateral view of the anterior portion of the body. C–D. Paratype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12412), C. Ventral view of the head; D, Lateral view of the anterior portion of the body. E–F. Specimen of Zeusia herculea (Linnaeus, 1761) (SIO-BIC M12136), E. Ventral view of the head; F, Dorsal view of the head. G–H. Holotype of Aeolidia libitinaria sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12138), G. Ventral view of the head; H, Dorsal view of the head. Abbreviations: a, anus; ot, oral tentacle; pe, penis; rh, rhinophores; ro, reproductive opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611787/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Fig. 15B, 15D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body color cream-white, semi translucent, with viscera visible through skin as a palepinkish mass (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB5DE1D9A24983A7CB4581F" box="[317,386,1860,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Digital images of live animals showing color in life. A. Tritonia nigritigris sp. nov., holotype (LACM 3553), in situ, right side invaginations indicated with arrows. B. Tritonia sp. (SIO-BIC M12395), lab photo. C. Dendronotus claguei sp. nov., holotype (LACM 3555), in situ. D. Ziminella vrijenhoeki sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC M12137), lab photo. E. Ziminella vrijenhoeki sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC M12135), lab photo. F. Cuthona methana sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC M12413), lab photo. G. Cuthona methana sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC M12412), lab photo. H. Aeolidia libitinaria sp. nov., holotype (SIO- BIC M12138), lab photo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611759/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G). Oral tentacles same color as body, with pink-orange bases, rhinophores pink-orange. Cerata translucent white, with cream digestive branches and opaque white cnidosacs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB5DE1D9BDE98F278BA58AF" blockId="19.[151,1437,1500,2029]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
|
||
Digestive system with large, muscular buccal bulb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB5DE1D981798F27E4058E6" box="[782,886,1932,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[195,1350,218,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[164,1371,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 16. Drawings of the internal anatomy of the paratype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12412). A. General view of the internal anatomy. B. Reproductive system. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bb, buccal bulb; bc, bursa copulatrix; cns, central nervous system; dg, digestive gland; es, esophagus; fgc, female gland complex; i, intestine; pe, penis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611790/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Esophagus narrow, short, connecting anteriorly into buccal bulb. Digestive gland with lateral branches entering cerata. Intestine emerging dorsally from left side of digestive gland, forming a loop towards right ventral side of body and running posteriorly to open into anus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF686652FFB2DE1A9B8E985B7C4058B0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611787/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" startId="20.[151,250,1829,1851]" targetBox="[260,1339,203,1799]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB2DE1A9B8E985B7C4058B0" blockId="20.[151,1437,1829,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB2DE1A9B8E985B7C175878" bold="true" box="[151,289,1829,1851]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of ventral, lateral and dorsal views of the external morphology of preserved specimens of several Aeolidida. A–B. Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB2DE1A9AD1983A7F485819" authority="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson, 2018" authorityName="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson" authorityYear="2018" box="[456,638,1860,1882]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="methana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB2DE1A9AD1983A7F485819" box="[456,638,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Cuthona methana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057B3FFB2DE1A999C983B7FE15819" box="[645,727,1861,1882]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB2DE1A999C983B7FE15819" bold="true" box="[645,727,1861,1882]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(SIO-BIC M12413), A. Ventral view of the head; B, Lateral view of the anterior portion of the body. C–D. Paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB2DE1A998E981D7E7D583A" authority="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson, 2018" authorityName="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson" authorityYear="2018" box="[663,843,1891,1913]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="methana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB2DE1A998E981D7E7D583A" box="[663,843,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Cuthona methana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB2DE1A984B981D7E95583B" bold="true" box="[850,931,1891,1912]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057B3FFB2DE1A984B981D7E95583B" box="[850,931,1891,1912]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(SIO-BIC M12412), C. Ventral view of the head; D, Lateral view of the anterior portion of the body. E–F. Specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB2DE1A984E98FD799D58DB" authority="(Linnaeus, 1761)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1761" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[855,1195,1922,1944]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aeolidiidae" genus="Zeusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="herculea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB2DE1A984E98FD7ECF58DB" box="[855,1017,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Zeusia herculea</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1761)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SIO-BIC
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9444AB39FFB2DE1A9E0298FC784358DB" box="[1307,1397,1922,1944]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/M12136" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="EnaNcbi">M12136</accessionNumber>
|
||
), E. Ventral view of the head; F, Dorsal view of the head. G–H. Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB2DE1A989E98DE797A58F5" authority="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson, 2018" authorityName="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson" authorityYear="2018" box="[903,1100,1952,1974]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aeolidiidae" genus="Aeolidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="libitinaria" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB2DE1A989E98DE797A58F5" box="[903,1100,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Aeolidia libitinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB2DE1A9F4D98DF799058F5" bold="true" box="[1108,1190,1953,1974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057B3FFB2DE1A9F4D98DF799058F5" box="[1108,1190,1953,1974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(SIO-BIC M12138), G. Ventral view of the head; H, Dorsal view of the head. Abbreviations: a, anus; ot, oral tentacle; pe, penis; rh, rhinophores; ro, reproductive opening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF686652FFB3DE1B9B8E980079D35891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611790/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" startId="21.[151,250,1918,1940]" targetBox="[195,1350,218,1887]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB3DE1B9B8E980079D35891" blockId="21.[151,1436,1918,2002]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB3DE1B9B8E98007C1658D0" bold="true" box="[151,288,1918,1940]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
Drawings of the internal anatomy of the paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB3DE1B985898007EC058D7" authority="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson, 2018" authorityName="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson" authorityYear="2018" box="[833,1014,1918,1940]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="methana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB3DE1B985898007EC058D7" box="[833,1014,1918,1940]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Cuthona methana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB3DE1B98E49801797858D7" bold="true" box="[1021,1102,1919,1940]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057B3FFB3DE1B98E49801797858D7" box="[1021,1102,1919,1940]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(SIO-BIC M12412). A. General view of the internal anatomy. B. Reproductive system. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bb, buccal bulb; bc, bursa copulatrix; cns, central nervous system; dg, digestive gland; es, esophagus; fgc, female gland complex; i, intestine; pe, penis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF686652FFB0DE189B8E9A4B7E605A29" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611794/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" startId="22.[151,250,1333,1355]" targetBox="[151,1437,167,1312]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB0DE189B8E9A4B7E605A29" blockId="22.[151,1437,1333,1386]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE189B8E9A4B7C295A09" bold="true" box="[151,287,1333,1355]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
SEMs of the radula and jaws of the paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB0DE1898119A4B7E8B5A08" authority="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson, 2018" authorityName="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson" authorityYear="2018" box="[776,957,1333,1355]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="methana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE1898119A4B7E8B5A08" box="[776,957,1333,1355]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Cuthona methana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE1898DA9A4879225A08" bold="true" box="[963,1044,1334,1355]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057B3FFB0DE1898DA9A4879225A08" box="[963,1044,1334,1355]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(SIO-BIC M12412). A. Radular teeth. B. Lateral view of a radular tooth. C. Jaw. D. Jaw masticatory border.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB0DE189B8E9AEF786D5AB1" blockId="22.[151,1437,1425,2026]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
Radular formula 25 × 0.1.0 in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8878FFB0DE189AE29AEC7F6A5AE9" box="[507,604,1426,1450]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SIO-BIC M12412). Radular teeth narrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB0DE189F409AEF79F55AE9" box="[1113,1219,1425,1450]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1333,1355]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,167,1312]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1437,167,1312]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 17. SEMs of the radula and jaws of the paratype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12412). A. Radular teeth. B. Lateral view of a radular tooth. C. Jaw. D. Jaw masticatory border." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611794/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
), with arch-shaped base and single central, elongate, sharp cusp. Each tooth with 3 elongate denticles on each side of cusp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB0DE189E309ACB78B95A8D" box="[1321,1423,1461,1486]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1333,1355]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,167,1312]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1437,167,1312]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 17. SEMs of the radula and jaws of the paratype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12412). A. Radular teeth. B. Lateral view of a radular tooth. C. Jaw. D. Jaw masticatory border." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611794/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Jaws elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB0DE189A5B9AA77C9E5AB1" box="[322,424,1497,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1333,1355]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,167,1312]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1437,167,1312]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 17. SEMs of the radula and jaws of the paratype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12412). A. Radular teeth. B. Lateral view of a radular tooth. C. Jaw. D. Jaw masticatory border." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611794/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||
), masticatory border with a row of denticles bearing a series of tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB0DE189FFF9AA778785AB1" box="[1254,1358,1497,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1333,1355]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,167,1312]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1437,167,1312]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 17. SEMs of the radula and jaws of the paratype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12412). A. Radular teeth. B. Lateral view of a radular tooth. C. Jaw. D. Jaw masticatory border." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611794/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB0DE189BDE9A837C3359C1" blockId="22.[151,1437,1425,2026]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
Reproductive system with very short, oval ampulla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB0DE1898319A837EA75955" box="[808,913,1533,1558]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[195,1350,218,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[164,1371,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 16. Drawings of the internal anatomy of the paratype of Cuthona methana sp. nov. (SIO-BIC M12412). A. General view of the internal anatomy. B. Reproductive system. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; bb, buccal bulb; bc, bursa copulatrix; cns, central nervous system; dg, digestive gland; es, esophagus; fgc, female gland complex; i, intestine; pe, penis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611790/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
), opening into female gland complex next to prostate opening. Prostate tubular, short, forming two loops, expanding into oval, muscular deferent duct. Penis simple, elongate. No vagina nor bursa copulatrix were observed, probably due to the small size of the specimen dissected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D6551FFB0DE189BDE99F3784C59AD" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB0DE189BDE99F3784C59AD" blockId="22.[151,1437,1425,2026]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE189BDE99F37C1159E5" bold="true" box="[199,295,1677,1702]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was collected at
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B3FFFB0DE18999599F37FE059E6" box="[652,726,1677,1702]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.87" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" unit="m" value="587.0">587 m</quantity>
|
||
depth on Hydrate Ridge, an area of methane seeps about 44 nautical miles off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F838FFB0DE189A7899CC7CF0598A" box="[353,454,1714,1737]" country="United Kingdom" name="Newport" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Newport</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F838FFB0DE189AC899CC7F135989" box="[465,549,1714,1738]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A5FFFB0DE18992D99CF7F435989" box="[564,629,1713,1738]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1630,1652]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1606]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1606]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of the collection localities in this paper including depth ranges." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611757/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both animals were collected off inactive rocks around seep areas. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8878FFB0DE189B8E99AB7DCF59AD" box="[151,249,1749,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected from E7 sterile rock 8 and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8878FFB0DE1899ED99A87E6259AD" box="[756,852,1750,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
from E7 large rock 20a (Levin lab experiments).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D6551FFB0DE189BDE998779845851" box="[199,1202,1785,1810]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB0DE189BDE998779845851" blockId="22.[151,1437,1425,2026]" box="[199,1202,1785,1810]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE189BDE99877C785851" bold="true" box="[199,334,1785,1810]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named for the methane seep environment where it was found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D6551FFB0DE199BDE98637F555D54" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB0DE189BDE986379305819" blockId="22.[151,1437,1425,2026]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE189BDE98637C0D5875" bold="true" box="[199,315,1821,1846]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Molecular data could not be generated for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB0DE18982B98637ECA5875" authorityName="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson" authorityYear="2018" box="[818,1020,1821,1846]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="methana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE18982B98637ECA5875" box="[818,1020,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Cuthona methana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this species is morphologically different from all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB0DE18990C983F7F435819" authorityName="Alder & Hancock" authorityYear="1855" box="[533,629,1857,1882]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE18990C983F7F435819" box="[533,629,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Cuthona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from the Eastern Pacific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB0DE199BDE981B7C2B5E03" blockId="22.[151,1437,1425,2026]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2BFFB0DE189BDE981B7C93583D" author="Cella, K. & Carmona, L. & Ekimova, I. & Chichvarkhin, A. & Schepetov, D. & Gosliner, T. M." box="[199,421,1893,1918]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" pagination="0167800" refId="ref13671" refString="Cella, K., Carmona, L., Ekimova, I., Chichvarkhin, A., Schepetov, D. & Gosliner, T. M. (2016) A Radical Solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE, 11, e 0167800. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0167800" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Cella
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE189A1698187C7B583D" box="[271,333,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed a new taxonomy for species previously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB0DE189F8C981B79C0583D" authorityName="Alder & Hancock" authorityYear="1855" box="[1173,1270,1893,1918]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE189F8C981B79C0583D" box="[1173,1270,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Cuthona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including the resurrection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB0DE189A5198F77F6E58E1" authority="A. Costa, 1866" authorityName="A. Costa" authorityYear="1866" box="[328,600,1929,1954]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Tenellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE189A5198F77C9758E1" box="[328,417,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Tenellia</emphasis>
|
||
A. Costa, 1866
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the introduction of several new genera. Although this classification scheme is not as complex as that by Korshunova
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE1899A798D07FC05885" box="[702,758,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017), it also based on poorly resolved trees and makes the placement of species not studied genetically, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB0DE1899EB98AF7E8A58A9" authority="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson, 2018" authorityName="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson" authorityYear="2018" box="[754,956,2001,2026]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="methana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE1899EB98AF7E8A58A9" box="[754,956,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Cuthona methana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB0DE1898DA98AF792858A9" bold="true" box="[963,1054,2001,2026]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057B3FFB0DE1898DA98AF792858A9" box="[963,1054,2001,2026]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, more difficult. The phylogenetic relationships of aeolids are in a state of flux due to lack of resolution for lower branches, and only next generation sequencing techniques appear to provide resolution for critical nodes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2BFFB1DE1998C79FC279DC5F97" author="Goodheart, J. A. & Bazinet, A. L. & Valdes, A. & Collins, A. G. & Cummings, M. P." box="[990,1258,188,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="221" refId="ref14189" refString="Goodheart, J. A., Bazinet, A. L., Valdes, A., Collins, A. G. & Cummings, M. P. (2017) Prey preference follows phylogeny: evolutionary dietary patterns within the marine gastropod group Cladobranchia (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 17, 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 017 - 1066 - 0" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Goodheart
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE199F7A9FC379975F96" box="[1123,1185,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because it is virtually impossible for us to determine the phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB1DE1998D79FA179AD5FBB" authority="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson, 2018" authorityName="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson" authorityYear="2018" box="[974,1179,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="methana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE1998D79FA179AD5FBB" box="[974,1179,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Cuthona methana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE199FBE9FA178305FBB" bold="true" box="[1191,1286,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057B3FFB1DE199FBE9FA178305FBB" box="[1191,1286,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB1DE199E2D9FA178A25FBB" authorityName="Alder & Hancock" authorityYear="1855" box="[1332,1428,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE199E2D9FA178A25FBB" box="[1332,1428,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Cuthona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB1DE199B8E9E7A7DC65E5E" authorityName="A.Costa" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,240,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Tenellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE199B8E9E7A7DC65E5E" box="[151,240,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Tenellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or any of the new genera described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2BFFB1DE1999AC9E7A7EB25E5E" author="Cella, K. & Carmona, L. & Ekimova, I. & Chichvarkhin, A. & Schepetov, D. & Gosliner, T. M." box="[693,900,260,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="0167800" refId="ref13671" refString="Cella, K., Carmona, L., Ekimova, I., Chichvarkhin, A., Schepetov, D. & Gosliner, T. M. (2016) A Radical Solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. PLoS ONE, 11, e 0167800. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0167800" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Cella
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE1999EE9E7B7E065E5E" box="[759,816,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it is here conservatively regarded as a member of
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE199BAC9E597C2B5E03" box="[181,285,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB1DE199BAC9E597C2F5E03" authorityName="Alder & Hancock" authorityYear="1855" box="[181,281,295,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Cuthona</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DAFFB1DE199BDE9E327F555D54" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">
|
||
Among the known Eastern Pacific species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB1DE1999A59E327EB35E26" authority="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson, 2018" authorityName="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson" authorityYear="2018" box="[700,901,332,357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="methana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE1999A59E327EB35E26" box="[700,901,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Cuthona methana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE1998969E327EDD5E26" bold="true" box="[911,1003,332,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057B3FFB1DE1998969E327EDD5E26" box="[911,1003,332,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is only externally similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB1DE199E259E337C425ECB" authority="(Ev. Marcus, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Ev. Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1961" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="divae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE199E259E3378AA5E26" box="[1340,1436,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">C. divae</emphasis>
|
||
(Ev. Marcus, 1961)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but lacks the brown to pink pigment digestive branches in the cerata and the rhinophores are pinkish, instead of translucent white (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2BFFB1DE1999229EEA7E495EEE" author="Behrens, D. W. & Hermosillo, A." box="[571,895,404,429]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" refId="ref13266" refString="Behrens, D. W. & Hermosillo, A. (2005) Eastern Pacific nudibranchs. A guide to the Opisthobranchs from Alaska to Central America. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California, 137 pp." type="book" year="2005">Behrens & Hermosillo 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Internally, the radula of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB1DE199F869EEB79CB5EEE" baseAuthorityName="Ev. Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1183,1277,404,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="divae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE199F869EEB79CB5EEE" box="[1183,1277,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">C. divae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2BFFB1DE199B8E9EC97C5E5E93" author="MacFarland, F. M." box="[151,360,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="1 - 546" refId="ref15398" refString="MacFarland, F. M. (1966) Studies of opisthobranchiate mollusks of the Pacific coast of North America. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 6, 1 - 546, pls. 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1966">MacFarland, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
—under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB1DE1999539EC97EE35E93" authority="MacFarland, 1966" authorityName="MacFarland" authorityYear="1966" box="[586,981,439,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rosea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE1999539EC97FC35E93" box="[586,757,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">Cuthona rosea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2BFFB1DE1998189EC97EE35E93" author="MacFarland, F. M." box="[769,981,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" pagination="1 - 546" refId="ref15398" refString="MacFarland, F. M. (1966) Studies of opisthobranchiate mollusks of the Pacific coast of North America. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 6, 1 - 546, pls. 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1966">MacFarland, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) has a triangular rachidian tooth with numerous lateral denticles, very different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D59FFB1DE1999EA9EA37E425EB6" authorityName="Valdés & Lundsten & Wilson" authorityYear="2018" box="[755,884,476,501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fionidae" genus="Cuthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="424" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="methana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC8FFB1DE1999EA9EA37E425EB6" box="[755,884,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="424">C. methana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a much narrower rachidian tooth with only 3 denticles on each side of the cusp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |