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<document id="9E1C697564522627C64E98D39EE35EE5" ID-CLB-Dataset="299614" ID-DOI="10.1653/024.101.0305" ID-GBIF-Dataset="82044832-837c-4682-a14b-c60f01a5942c" ID-ISSN="1938-5102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12685619" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1718826850535" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="García-Gómez, A., Figueroa-Brito, R., García Serrano, L. A. &amp; Jiménez-Pérez, A." docDate="2018" docId="03F4AB250C713150FFD3FBEDBD8E1943" docLanguage="en" docName="FlaEntomol.101.3.470-479.pdf" docOrigin="Florida Entomologist 101 (3)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1653/024.101.0305" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C0CD22107794FB65089F701CBA118AA5.3:FlaEntomol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="C0CD22107794FB65089F701CBA118AA5" docStyleName="FlaEntomol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Trichilia americana Sesse &amp; Moc." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" masterDocId="FFCDD35D0C743156FFB3FFBCB83A1E55" masterDocTitle="Trichilia (Meliaceae) plants: an important source of biomolecules with insecticidal properties" masterLastPageNumber="470" masterPageNumber="470" pageNumber="470" updateTime="1720448643433" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="78CFE4A39432981FA747918BC03DABB3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="0F4C1A043008A6CBCAC5DD1326591D33">
<mods:title id="BD08ED5255CC0C42E985905560EC4D70">Trichilia (Meliaceae) plants: an important source of biomolecules with insecticidal properties</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="71B2ADE0A9DE9CEB4D89C40BB71616A6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D0069F9676D173CBDB666D4B97664D09">García-Gómez, A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="42C8EE92DCA674077D79C67F62525D67">Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CEPROBI-IPN), Departamento de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla Km. 6, AP 24, CP. 62731, San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico, E-mail: agarciag 1400 @ alumno. ipn. mx (A. G. G.); rfigueroa @ ipn. mx (R. F. B.); aljimenez @ ipn. mx (A. J. P.)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B245F5A5F4D8B1C07A7369BE94402104" type="email">agarciag1400@alumno.ipn.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DE6F2CCD55960EEE889884FE591BC53A">Figueroa-Brito, R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3059E4286544B530578FAFE872ABD724">Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CEPROBI-IPN), Departamento de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla Km. 6, AP 24, CP. 62731, San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico, E-mail: agarciag 1400 @ alumno. ipn. mx (A. G. G.); rfigueroa @ ipn. mx (R. F. B.); aljimenez @ ipn. mx (A. J. P.)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A07CA841FF7867F6F51C7339157EBFE7" type="email">rfigueroa@ipn.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CE83E558D96D9C1DCAFB1DFD749C5A23" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3E76B219E8E4DD387EB5041A4759C685">
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<mods:namePart id="4EC66CE11BC183B712F38AB1D7A674DB">García Serrano, L. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6E9FDC7EDE402ACB709286422F438034">Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD-IPN), Departamento de Sociedad y Política, Calle 30 de Junio de 1520 s / n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán C. P. 07340 Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, E-mail: lugarcias @ ipn. mx (L. A. G. S.)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="247B086303C45976F4AAD21E3F5ACC2F" type="email">lugarcias@ipn.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D01B0BC0F3B6DC20A2369FE07A25C95D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5FB454789BA51BB8132BEB1D3F07328A">Jiménez-Pérez, A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B83A41E231DE178577B07C4D8D58D3CD">Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CEPROBI-IPN), Departamento de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla Km. 6, AP 24, CP. 62731, San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico, E-mail: agarciag 1400 @ alumno. ipn. mx (A. G. G.); rfigueroa @ ipn. mx (R. F. B.); aljimenez @ ipn. mx (A. J. P.)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E56ECFCE68E658876482CB1639AE1319" type="email">aljimenez@ipn.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B7C4F6FFB4E894EA764DD2BE47B87B95">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="86DEDEBDE0B7B8C0A8E92B641124FCF3">Florida Entomologist</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="3AD968E1E990BB9DB3EDE3CE97C76A8D">
<mods:date id="D1A6BE512740E9E4CC18C1A2218B93BC">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FDE039308853B91E2138B03433ACE69C">2018-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="561DE807B0F3DC747E910D2D7290F3E3">101</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="0B383A5B7DFA352DC2CF0C27CB3FDA9B">http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1653/024.101.0305</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="96F00E7565B0A4A77F87839A9E6CAB32">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="56FECFE329B78F1F12D12B3854708700" type="CLB-Dataset">299614</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="00A042C533360E738E05494F3C959656" type="DOI">10.1653/024.101.0305</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2C2B28BEB566A3A24DDF47551D2C0A37" type="GBIF-Dataset">82044832-837c-4682-a14b-c60f01a5942c</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F4AB250C713150FFD3FBEDBD8E1943" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12685723" ID-GBIF-Taxon="234893552" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12685723" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4AB250C713150FFD3FBEDBD8E1943" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4AB250C713150FFD3FBEDBD8E1943" lastPageId="6" pageId="5">
<subSubSection id="C34749B80C713153FFD3FBEDB9C71AF9" pageId="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE21A330C713153FFD3FBEDB9C71AF9" blockId="5.[96,776,1105,1196]" pageId="5">
<heading id="D0AAAD5F0C713153FFD3FBEDB9C71AF9" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="5" reason="9">
EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FEC8FBEDBABC1A32" ID-CoL="588MF" authority="Sesse &amp; Moc." authorityName="Sesse &amp; Moc." box="[379,646,1105,1127]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FEC8FBEDBABC1A32" box="[379,646,1105,1127]" italics="true" pageId="5">TRICHILIA AMERICANA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FD25FBEDB89F1ADF" authority=", AND" authorityName="AND" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FD25FBEDB89F1ADF" italics="true" pageId="5">TRICHILIA HIRTA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, AND
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FF58FBC8B9C21ADF" authority="AT" authorityName="AT" box="[235,504,1140,1162]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FF58FBC8B9C21ADF" box="[235,504,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="5">TRICHILIA HAVANENSIS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AT 1,500 PPM ON
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FD7AFBC8B90F1AF9" authority="LARVAL SURVIVAL" authorityName="LARVAL SURVIVAL" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Copitarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolora">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FD7AFBC8B88A1AF9" italics="true" pageId="5">COPITARSIA</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FF0BFB2AB90F1AF9" box="[184,309,1174,1196]" italics="true" pageId="5">DECOLORA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LARVAL SURVIVAL
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34749B80C713150FF37FB7DBD8E1943" lastPageId="6" pageId="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE21A330C713153FF37FB7DBA4A1B88" blockId="5.[96,779,1217,1501]" pageId="5">
The mean larval survival time of the larvae fed with the hexane extract of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FF74FB63B97F1AA6" box="[199,325,1247,1267]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FF74FB63B97F1AA6" box="[199,325,1247,1267]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bark was significantly shorter than the other treatments (Log-Rank Test = 151.205; df = 15;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FD9AFB40BA0F1B45" box="[553,565,1276,1296]" italics="true" pageId="5">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.001;
<tableCitation id="C6DF2F880C713153FD21FB40BAE11B45" box="[658,731,1276,1296]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="7.[808,855,1371,1389]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table 4. Mean (± SEM) survival time of larvae of Copitarsia decolora fed on an artificial diet supplemented with bark extracts of Trichilia americana, Trichilia hirta, and Trichilia havanensis at 1,500 ppm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF224ABB0C733151FC9BFAE7BC921BC8" pageId="5" tableUuid="DF224ABB0C733151FC9BFAE7BC921BC8">Table 4</tableCitation>
). No differences in mean larval survival time were detected among those containing hexane or aqueous
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FE23FA8BB9EE1B1E" box="[400,468,1335,1355]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FE23FA8BB9EE1B1E" box="[400,468,1335,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extracts or the ethyl acetate
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FD4AFA8BB8FD1B3D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FD4AFA8BB8FD1B3D" italics="true" pageId="5">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extract, but all those were different from the control diet treatment. All other treatments were not significantly different from the control diet treatment. The reduction in survival time, relative to the control diet treatment, was 72 and 52% for
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FD8EFA10BA801B95" box="[573,698,1452,1472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FD8EFA10BA801B95" box="[573,698,1452,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hexane and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FF39FA75B8F71B88" box="[138,205,1481,1501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FF39FA75B8F71B88" box="[138,205,1481,1501]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aqueous extracts treatments, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE21A330C713153FFD3F9A6BAF41823" blockId="5.[96,776,1562,1654]" pageId="5">
EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FEC8F9A6BABC1865" box="[379,646,1562,1584]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FEC8F9A6BABC1865" box="[379,646,1562,1584]" italics="true" pageId="5">TRICHILIA AMERICANA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FD25F9A6B89F1806" authority=", AND" authorityName="AND" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FD25F9A6B89F1806" italics="true" pageId="5">TRICHILIA HIRTA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, AND
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FF42F981BA3A1806" authority="AT" authorityName="AT" box="[241,512,1597,1619]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FF42F981BA3A1806" box="[241,512,1597,1619]" italics="true" pageId="5">TRICHILIA HAVANENSIS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AT 1,500 PPM ON THE WEIGHT OF
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FF57F9DCB9CA1823" authority="LARVAE AND PUPAE" authorityName="LARVAE AND PUPAE" box="[228,496,1632,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Copitarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolora">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FF57F9DCB9CA1823" box="[228,496,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="5">COPITARSIA DECOLORA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LARVAE AND PUPAE
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE21A330C713153FF37F937B9A519B4" blockId="5.[96,778,1675,2017]" pageId="5">
The weights of 7-d-old larvae were not analyzed because the larvae were too small to weigh accurately. Larval weights at 14 d were significantly affected by the species (
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FE3EF979B9A2188C" box="[397,408,1733,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5">F</emphasis>
= 143.61; df = 3,265;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FDDEF979BA43188C" box="[621,633,1733,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.0001), the solvent (
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FF00F95FB88418A2" box="[179,190,1763,1783]" italics="true" pageId="5">F</emphasis>
= 5.77; df = 4,265;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FEC7F95FB9BA18A2" box="[372,384,1763,1783]" italics="true" pageId="5">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.0002), and the species-solvent interaction (
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FF1BF8BCB8891941" box="[168,179,1792,1812]" italics="true" pageId="5">F</emphasis>
= 2.93; df = 8,265;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FED6F8BCB94B1941" box="[357,369,1792,1812]" italics="true" pageId="5">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.003).The largest weight inhibition was recorded with ethyl acetate extraction of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FE44F8A1BA4E1964" box="[503,628,1821,1841]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FE44F8A1BA4E1964" box="[503,628,1821,1841]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a reduction in weight of 99% relative to the control diet treatment. This was followed by hexane and aqueous extracts of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FE04F8E4B9C01939" box="[439,506,1880,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FE04F8E4B9C01939" box="[439,506,1880,1900]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
treatments and the hexane extract of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FF72F8C9B90719DC" box="[193,317,1909,1929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FF72F8C9B90719DC" box="[193,317,1909,1929]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a 98, 97, and 97% reduction, respectively, in relation to the control diet treatment. All other treatments were significantly different from the control diet treatment, with about 64% larval weight inhibition (
<tableCitation id="C6DF2F880C713153FEFAF871B9AE19B4" box="[329,404,1997,2017]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="8.[96,143,765,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 5. Mean (± SEM) weights of Copitarsia decolora larvae when fed for 14, 21, and 28 d with artificial diet supplemented with bark extracts of Trichilia americana, Trichilia hirta, and Trichilia havanensis at 1,500 ppm. Also shown are subsequent pupal weights." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF224ABB0C7C315EFFD3FD41BA391D72" pageId="5" tableUuid="DF224ABB0C7C315EFFD3FD41BA391D72">Table 5</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE21A330C713153FCFFFBEDBD8C1B40" blockId="5.[808,1489,1105,1799]" pageId="5">
At 21 d, larvae fed with the
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FBECFBEDBCE01A30" box="[1119,1242,1105,1125]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FBECFBEDBCE01A30" box="[1119,1242,1105,1125]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ethyl acetate extract displayed a 99% reduction in weight in relation to the control diet treatment, and weighed the least of all the treatments (
<tableCitation id="C6DF2F880C713153FABAFB37BD681ACA" box="[1289,1362,1163,1183]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="8.[96,143,765,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 5. Mean (± SEM) weights of Copitarsia decolora larvae when fed for 14, 21, and 28 d with artificial diet supplemented with bark extracts of Trichilia americana, Trichilia hirta, and Trichilia havanensis at 1,500 ppm. Also shown are subsequent pupal weights." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF224ABB0C7C315EFFD3FD41BA391D72" pageId="5" tableUuid="DF224ABB0C7C315EFFD3FD41BA391D72">Table 5</tableCitation>
). A reduction of 98 and 96% in relation to the control diet treatment was recorded for larvae with the
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FC71FB7ABC3F1A8F" box="[962,1029,1222,1242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FC71FB7ABC3F1A8F" box="[962,1029,1222,1242]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FB84FB7ABC881A8F" box="[1079,1202,1222,1242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FB84FB7ABC881A8F" box="[1079,1202,1222,1242]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hexane treatments. Only the
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FC9BFB5FBB511AA2" box="[808,875,1251,1271]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FC9BFB5FBB511AA2" box="[808,875,1251,1271]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hexane treatment and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FBE2FB5FBCF61AA2" box="[1105,1228,1251,1271]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FBE2FB5FBCF61AA2" box="[1105,1228,1251,1271]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ethyl acetate extract were significantly lighter than the control (
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FB35FABDBCAF1B40" box="[1158,1173,1281,1301]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
= 201.330; df = 14;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FAE3FABDBD661B40" box="[1360,1372,1281,1301]" italics="true" pageId="5">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.001).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE21A330C713153FCFFFAA2BDEA1848" blockId="5.[808,1489,1105,1799]" pageId="5">
At 28 d, statistically significant 99 and 98% reductions in weight were recorded for the larvae fed with ethyl acetate extract of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FACFFA87BB6D1B38" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FACFFA87BB6D1B38" italics="true" pageId="5">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and hexane extract of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FB83FAE5BC481B38" box="[1072,1138,1369,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FB83FAE5BC481B38" box="[1072,1138,1369,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FBCDFAE5BCB71B38" box="[1150,1165,1369,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
= 240.041; df = 13;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FAFBFAE5BD6E1B38" box="[1352,1364,1369,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.001) (
<tableCitation id="C6DF2F880C713153FA02FAE5BB631BDF" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="8.[96,143,765,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 5. Mean (± SEM) weights of Copitarsia decolora larvae when fed for 14, 21, and 28 d with artificial diet supplemented with bark extracts of Trichilia americana, Trichilia hirta, and Trichilia havanensis at 1,500 ppm. Also shown are subsequent pupal weights." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF224ABB0C7C315EFFD3FD41BA391D72" pageId="5" tableUuid="DF224ABB0C7C315EFFD3FD41BA391D72">Table 5</tableCitation>
). The methanol extract of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FBE1FACABCAE1BDF" box="[1106,1172,1398,1418]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FBE1FACABCAE1BDF" box="[1106,1172,1398,1418]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FBAAFA2FBCA01BF2" box="[1049,1178,1427,1447]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FBAAFA2FBCA01BF2" box="[1049,1178,1427,1447]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. havanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were similar to the control diet treatment. A 25 to 65% significant reduction in larval weight related to the control diet treatment were obtained with the acetone, methanol, and aqueous extract of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FBA4FA57BCAC1BAA" box="[1047,1174,1515,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FBA4FA57BCAC1BAA" box="[1047,1174,1515,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the ethyl acetate and acetone extract of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FC3BF9B5BBF01848" box="[904,970,1545,1565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FC3BF9B5BBF01848" box="[904,970,1545,1565]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the hexane and acetone extract of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FAF9F9B5BDF01848" box="[1354,1482,1545,1565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FAF9F9B5BDF01848" box="[1354,1482,1545,1565]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. havanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE21A330C713153FCFFF99ABCBC1952" blockId="5.[808,1489,1105,1799]" pageId="5">
The greatest reduction in pupal weight (21%) was recorded for the larvae fed with
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FC71F9FFBC7F1802" box="[962,1093,1603,1623]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FC71F9FFBC7F1802" box="[962,1093,1603,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. havanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
acetone extract, and this value was significantly different from the other treatments (
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FB40F9DDBCC41820" box="[1267,1278,1633,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5">F</emphasis>
= 210.61; df = 3,137;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FC9BF9C2BB0E18C7" box="[808,820,1662,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.0001 for species;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FBBEF9C2BC2218C7" box="[1037,1048,1662,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5">F</emphasis>
= 308.18; df = 4,137;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FB41F9C2BCC418C7" box="[1266,1278,1662,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.0001 for solvent; and
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FCE7F927BB6518FA" box="[852,863,1691,1711]" italics="true" pageId="5">F</emphasis>
= 74.63; df = 4,137;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FB9CF927BC0118FA" box="[1071,1083,1691,1711]" italics="true" pageId="5">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.0001 for the species-solvent interaction). Larvae fed with
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FC4AF905BC431898" box="[1017,1145,1721,1741]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FC4AF905BC431898" box="[1017,1145,1721,1741]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. havanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hexane extract and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FA88F905BD471898" box="[1339,1405,1721,1741]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FA88F905BD471898" box="[1339,1405,1721,1741]" italics="true" pageId="5">T. hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
acetone extract had significant 19% reductions in pupal weights in relation to the control diet treatment (
<tableCitation id="C6DF2F880C713153FB82F94FBC411952" box="[1073,1147,1779,1799]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="8.[96,143,765,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 5. Mean (± SEM) weights of Copitarsia decolora larvae when fed for 14, 21, and 28 d with artificial diet supplemented with bark extracts of Trichilia americana, Trichilia hirta, and Trichilia havanensis at 1,500 ppm. Also shown are subsequent pupal weights." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF224ABB0C7C315EFFD3FD41BA391D72" pageId="5" tableUuid="DF224ABB0C7C315EFFD3FD41BA391D72">Table 5</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE21A330C713153FC9BF883BDF519CF" blockId="5.[808,1488,1855,1946]" pageId="5">
EFFECT OF BARK EXTRACTS OF
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FBC0F883BD4C1900" box="[1139,1398,1855,1877]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FBC0F883BD4C1900" box="[1139,1398,1855,1877]" italics="true" pageId="5">TRICHILIA AMERICANA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FA37F883BB991922" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FA37F883BB991922" italics="true" pageId="5">TRICHILIA HIRTA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,&gt;D
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FC41F8DDBCC41922" authority="APPLIED AT" authorityName="APPLIED AT" box="[1010,1278,1889,1911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FC41F8DDBCC41922" box="[1010,1278,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="5">TRICHILIA HAVANENSIS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
APPLIED AT 1,500 PPM ON FERTILITY&gt;D FECUNDITY OF
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C713153FB7BF838BDF519CF" box="[1224,1487,1924,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Copitarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolora">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C713153FB7BF838BDF519CF" box="[1224,1487,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="5">COPITARSIA DECOLORA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE21A330C713150FCFFF813BA0019FC" blockId="5.[808,1488,1967,2016]" lastBlockId="6.[144,825,1677,2020]" lastPageId="6" pageId="5">
Because adults were not obtained from all the treatments,the fecundity and fertility were recorded from pairs of the aqueous and methanol extracts of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C723150FF45F931B95418F4" box="[246,366,1677,1697]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FF45F931B95418F4" box="[246,366,1677,1697]" italics="true" pageId="6">T.americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the acetone,aqueous,and methanol extracts of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C723150FF23F916B93418EB" box="[144,270,1706,1726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havanensis">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FF23F916B93418EB" box="[144,270,1706,1726]" italics="true" pageId="6">T. havanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C723150FD7DF916BB3518EB" box="[718,783,1706,1726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FD7DF916BB3518EB" box="[718,783,1706,1726]" italics="true" pageId="6">T. hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Fecundity was significantly affected by the treatments (
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FD33F974BAB11889" box="[640,651,1736,1756]" italics="true" pageId="6">F</emphasis>
= 55.54; df = 7,22;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FF23F959B8A618AC" box="[144,156,1765,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.0001), but female (
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FECFF959B9BD18AC" box="[380,391,1765,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6">F</emphasis>
= 0.08; df = 1,22;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FD86F959BA7B18AC" box="[565,577,1765,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6">P</emphasis>
&gt; 0.05) and male weights (
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FF24F8BEB8981943" box="[151,162,1794,1814]" italics="true" pageId="6">F</emphasis>
= 1.06; df = 1,22;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FEE3F8BEB9661943" box="[336,348,1794,1814]" italics="true" pageId="6">P</emphasis>
&gt; 0.05, data not shown) were not significantly affected. Fecundity from the controls was highest of the treatments (
<figureCitation id="136606B60C723150FCA6F89CB8A51904" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[108,136,704,722]" captionTargetBox="[100,772,202,677]" captionTargetId="figure-1022@9.[96,776,192,679]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 5. Mean (± SEM) fecundity (black) and fertility (white) of pairs of Copitarsia decolora fed with artificial diet supplemented with aqueous and methanol extracts of Trichilia americana (n = 5), acetone (n = 2), and ethyl acetate (n = 3) of Trichilia hirta; aqueous, acetone, and methanol of Trichilia havanensis (n = 4); and the control diet (n = 5). Same color bars topped by the same letter are not significantly different (P&gt; 0.05; LSD test). Error bars are Standard Error of the Mean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12685630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12685630/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Significant reductions of 62 and 57% in fecundity, in relation to the control diet treatment, were recorded from insects fed the aqueous and methanol extracts of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C723150FED2F8C4B9E619D9" box="[353,476,1912,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FED2F8C4B9E619D9" box="[353,476,1912,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively. The other treatments significantly reduced fecundity by 32 to 44%.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF224ABB0C723150FF2FF995BA541806" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12685625" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12685625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12685625/files/figure.png" pageId="6" startId="6.[156,184,1577,1595]" targetBox="[156,1529,202,1550]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE21A330C723150FF2FF995BE38186E" blockId="6.[144,1538,1577,1619]" box="[156,1538,1577,1595]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FF2FF995B8EB186E" bold="true" box="[156,209,1577,1595]" pageId="6">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Survival curves of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C723150FEC0F995BA6E186E" authority="larvae" authorityName="LARVAE" box="[371,596,1577,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Copitarsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolora">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FEC0F995BA20186E" box="[371,538,1577,1595]" italics="true" pageId="6">Copitarsia decolora</emphasis>
larvae
</taxonomicName>
fed on an artificial diet supplemented with extracts of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C723150FB9CF995BC9A186E" box="[1071,1184,1577,1595]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FB9CF995BC9A186E" box="[1071,1184,1577,1595]" italics="true" pageId="6">Trichilia hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bark at 100, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 ppm:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE21A330C723150FF23F9FDBA541806" blockId="6.[144,1538,1577,1619]" box="[144,622,1601,1619]" pageId="6">(a) hexane, (b) acetone, (c) methanol, and (d) aqueous.</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE21A330C723150FF07F80EBD8E1943" blockId="6.[144,825,1677,2020]" lastBlockId="6.[856,1536,1677,1814]" pageId="6">
Fertility was significantly affected by the extracts (
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FD18F80EBA8C1993" box="[683,694,1970,1990]" italics="true" pageId="6">F</emphasis>
= 194.84; df = 7,22;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FF69F86CB8DC19B1" box="[218,230,2000,2020]" italics="true" pageId="6">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.001), but female (
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FE72F86CB9F619B1" box="[449,460,2000,2020]" italics="true" pageId="6">F</emphasis>
= 0.51; df = 1,22;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FD33F86CBAB619B1" box="[640,652,2000,2020]" italics="true" pageId="6">P</emphasis>
&gt; 0.05) and male weights (
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FC02F931BB8618F4" box="[945,956,1677,1697]" italics="true" pageId="6">F</emphasis>
= 0.47; df = 1,22;
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FBC1F931BC4418F4" box="[1138,1150,1677,1697]" italics="true" pageId="6">P</emphasis>
&gt; 0.05, data not shown) were not. The highest fecundity was obtained from the controls and was significantly greater than all other treatments (
<figureCitation id="136606B60C723150FB1FF974BCDF1889" box="[1196,1253,1736,1756]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[108,136,704,722]" captionTargetBox="[100,772,202,677]" captionTargetId="figure-1022@9.[96,776,192,679]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 5. Mean (± SEM) fecundity (black) and fertility (white) of pairs of Copitarsia decolora fed with artificial diet supplemented with aqueous and methanol extracts of Trichilia americana (n = 5), acetone (n = 2), and ethyl acetate (n = 3) of Trichilia hirta; aqueous, acetone, and methanol of Trichilia havanensis (n = 4); and the control diet (n = 5). Same color bars topped by the same letter are not significantly different (P&gt; 0.05; LSD test). Error bars are Standard Error of the Mean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12685630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12685630/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Aqueous and methanol extracts of
<taxonomicName id="4C5D61B00C723150FC1DF959BC1018AC" box="[942,1066,1765,1785]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B929C6210C723150FC1DF959BC1018AC" box="[942,1066,1765,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6">T. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
significantly reduced fertility by 90 and 86%, respectively. All other treatments reduced fertility by 47 to 70%.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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