350 lines
46 KiB
XML
350 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CEEEF1A741A25DFAE801F89D533B4BCE">Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata</mods:title>
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<treatment id="762C8786FFE2FFB02390FA9DA5A65AC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7277545" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203932754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7277545" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:762C8786FFE2FFB02390FA9DA5A65AC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/762C8786FFE2FFB02390FA9DA5A65AC5" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<subSubSection id="B69F651BFFE2FFB62390FA9DA5575EC6" box="[151,608,1392,1419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE2FFB62390FA9DA5575EC6" blockId="11.[151,608,1392,1455]" box="[151,608,1392,1419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<heading id="A57281FCFFE2FFB62390FA9DA5575EC6" bold="true" box="[151,608,1392,1419]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE2FFB62390FA9DA5575EC6" ID-CoL="6ZVJR" authority="Annandale, 1911" authorityName=": Annandale" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,608,1392,1419]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Stolella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="himalayana">
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<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE2FFB62390FA9DA5575EC6" bold="true" box="[151,608,1392,1419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE2FFB62390FA9DA6BE5EC7" bold="true" box="[151,393,1392,1419]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Stolella himalayana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE2FFB62288FA9DA5575EC6" author="Annandale, N." box="[399,608,1392,1418]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refId="ref19419" refString="Annandale, N. (1911) Freshwater sponges, hydroids & polyzoa. Fauna of British India. Taylor & Francis, London, 251 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1050" type="book" year="1911">Annandale, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B69F651BFFE2FFB62390FA79A2B35EBB" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE2FFB62390FA79A7DC5EE3" blockId="11.[151,608,1392,1455]" box="[151,235,1428,1455]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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(
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<figureCitation id="66BE2A15FFE2FFB62398FA79A7D45EE3" box="[159,227,1428,1455]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1433,1457]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,641,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-230@12.[154,1433,633,1409]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Stolella himalayana, holotype, now Rumarcanella himalayana, Specimen No. P1388. (a) Floatoblast valves, scale bar = 100 µm; (b) SEM image of a floatoblast dorsal valve; (c) close-up of a portion of the floatoblast fenestra showing hypertubercles, the key feature of the genus Rumarcanella, scale bar = 10 µm; (d) Floatoblast suture showing the very lumpy structure; (e) Detail of the floatoblast profile showing the serrated appearance, scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7270907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7270907/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE2FFB62390FA31A2B35EBB" blockId="11.[151,1437,1500,2031]" box="[151,1412,1500,1527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE2FFB62390FA31A6AC5EBA" bold="true" box="[151,411,1500,1526]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Original descriptions.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE2FFB622A5FA31A4915EBA" authority=": Annandale, 1911: p. 246" authorityName=": Annandale" authorityPageNumber="246" authorityYear="1911" box="[418,934,1500,1527]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Stolella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="himalayana">
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<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE2FFB622A5FA31A5B45EBA" box="[418,643,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Stolella himalayana</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE2FFB62197FA31A4655EBB" author="Annandale, N." box="[656,850,1500,1527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refId="ref19419" refString="Annandale, N. (1911) Freshwater sponges, hydroids & polyzoa. Fauna of British India. Taylor & Francis, London, 251 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1050" type="book" year="1911">Annandale, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 246
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 49;
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<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE2FFB62700FA31A21B5EBB" author="Annandale, N. & Kemp, S." box="[1031,1324,1500,1527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="129 - 45" refId="ref19672" refString="Annandale, N. & Kemp, S. (1912) Observations on the invertebrate fauna of the Kumaon Lakes, with special reference to the sponges and Polyzoa. Records of the Indian Museum, 7, 129 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 28229" type="journal article" year="1912">Annandale & Kemp 1912</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 143.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B69F651BFFE2FFB123C0F9ECA5ED5B99" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE2FFB623C0F9ECA64A5D73" blockId="11.[151,1437,1500,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE2FFB623C0F9ECA6435D56" bold="true" box="[199,372,1536,1563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="4EED3CCDFFE2FFB6227CF9ECA64E5D73" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3960832305" collectionCode="ZEV" collectorName="S. W. Kemp" elevation="1097" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" specimenCode="ZEV 4813" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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No.
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<specimenCode id="AE239EEBFFE2FFB622ADF9ECA5285D57" box="[426,543,1537,1563]" collectionCode="ZEV" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">ZEV 4813</specimenCode>
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/7 (
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<typeStatus id="213E8832FFE2FFB62145F9EDA59D5D56" box="[578,682,1536,1562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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), collected
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<collectorName id="53705346FFE2FFB6202FF9ECA46B5D57" box="[808,860,1537,1563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">May</collectorName>
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, 1911 at
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<collectorName id="53705346FFE2FFB620B8F9EDA30E5D56" box="[959,1081,1536,1562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Malwa Tal</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="53705346FFE2FFB62744F9ECA3FA5D57" box="[1091,1229,1537,1563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Kumaun, W</collectorName>
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. Himalayas (
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<quantity id="397D9B75FFE2FFB6265BF9EDA7F45D72" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09728" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" unit="ft" value="3600.0">
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<elevation id="75A8D1A3FFE2FFB6265BF9EDA7F45D72" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09728" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" unit="ft" value="3600.0">3,600 feet</elevation>
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</quantity>
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) by
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<collectorName id="53705346FFE2FFB623F3F9C8A64E5D73" box="[244,377,1573,1599]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">S.W. Kemp</collectorName>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE2FFB623C0F9A5A36D5C12" blockId="11.[151,1437,1500,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE2FFB623C0F9A5A6AD5D2E" bold="true" box="[199,410,1608,1634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Characterization.</emphasis>
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Colony entirely recumbent with no free branches, capable of forming a thin sheet over a wide substratum; body wall colorless, thick, tough, more or less transparent, sometimes with a faint raphe and furrow. Zooids sometimes strikingly elongate and tapered at their base. Floatoblasts small and broadly oval; fenestrae large and very similar on both valves, the dorsal fenestra width at least 80% of floatoblast width (
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<figureCitation id="66BE2A15FFE2FFB62784F959A3E45D83" box="[1155,1235,1716,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1433,1457]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,641,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-230@12.[154,1433,633,1409]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Stolella himalayana, holotype, now Rumarcanella himalayana, Specimen No. P1388. (a) Floatoblast valves, scale bar = 100 µm; (b) SEM image of a floatoblast dorsal valve; (c) close-up of a portion of the floatoblast fenestra showing hypertubercles, the key feature of the genus Rumarcanella, scale bar = 10 µm; (d) Floatoblast suture showing the very lumpy structure; (e) Detail of the floatoblast profile showing the serrated appearance, scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7270907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7270907/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Fig. 9a</figureCitation>
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), both valves with faint tubercles easily visible with SEM, some tubercles bearing hypertubercles (one atop another) (
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<figureCitation id="66BE2A15FFE2FFB627DEF935A2735DBF" box="[1241,1348,1752,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1433,1457]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,641,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-230@12.[154,1433,633,1409]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Stolella himalayana, holotype, now Rumarcanella himalayana, Specimen No. P1388. (a) Floatoblast valves, scale bar = 100 µm; (b) SEM image of a floatoblast dorsal valve; (c) close-up of a portion of the floatoblast fenestra showing hypertubercles, the key feature of the genus Rumarcanella, scale bar = 10 µm; (d) Floatoblast suture showing the very lumpy structure; (e) Detail of the floatoblast profile showing the serrated appearance, scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7270907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7270907/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Fig. 9b, c</figureCitation>
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); suture with irregular knots and spikes giving a serrated appearance in frontal view (
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<figureCitation id="66BE2A15FFE2FFB62715F911A3B25C5B" box="[1042,1157,1788,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1433,1457]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,641,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-230@12.[154,1433,633,1409]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Stolella himalayana, holotype, now Rumarcanella himalayana, Specimen No. P1388. (a) Floatoblast valves, scale bar = 100 µm; (b) SEM image of a floatoblast dorsal valve; (c) close-up of a portion of the floatoblast fenestra showing hypertubercles, the key feature of the genus Rumarcanella, scale bar = 10 µm; (d) Floatoblast suture showing the very lumpy structure; (e) Detail of the floatoblast profile showing the serrated appearance, scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7270907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7270907/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Fig. 9d, e</figureCitation>
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); floatoblast dimensions shown in
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<tableCitation id="B307032BFFE2FFB6220EF8CDA6575C77" box="[265,352,1824,1851]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="21.[151,239,1119,1143]" captionTargetBox="[166,1393,1231,1738]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="TABLE 1. Floatoblast dimensions for selected species, including overall length and width, dorsal fenestra length (dfenL), dorsal fenestra width (dfenW), ventral fenestra length (vfenL), ventral fenestra width (vfenW), and number of statoblasts measured (n). Average measurements are shown in micrometers with standard deviation in parentheses. Species name ZSI No. Length Width dfenL dfenW vfenL vfenW n" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AAFA6618FFFCFFA82390FBB2A3DE5FF3" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" tableUuid="AAFA6618FFFCFFA82390FBB2A3DE5FF3">Table 1</tableCitation>
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. Sessoblasts minutely reticulated, with tiny bright spots seen with compound microscopy like scattered tubercles, especially around the margins; sessoblast annulus thin and fragile.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE2FFB623C0F885A6CC5CA3" blockId="11.[151,1437,1500,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE2FFB623C0F885A62E5CCE" bold="true" box="[199,281,1896,1922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Status.</emphasis>
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Annandale’s
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<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE2FFB622B9F884A5535CCE" authorityName=": Annandale" authorityYear="1911" box="[446,612,1896,1923]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Stolella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="himalayana">
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<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE2FFB622B9F884A5535CCE" box="[446,612,1896,1923]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">S. himalayana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears to be synonymous with
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<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE2FFB620FEF885A2AB5CCF" authority="(Toriumi, 1941 a)" baseAuthorityName="Toriumi" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[1017,1436,1896,1923]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Hyalinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minuta">
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<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE2FFB620FEF885A3FD5CCE" box="[1017,1226,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Hyalinella minuta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE2FFB627D8F885A2A35CCF" author="Toriumi, M." box="[1247,1428,1896,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="193 - 215" refId="ref23100" refString="Toriumi, M. (1941 a) Studies on freshwater Bryozoa of Japan. I. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Series 4, Biology, 16, 193 - 215." type="journal article" year="1941">Toriumi, 1941a</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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which is now listed in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE2FFB6212EF861A3255CEA" authority="Hirose & Mawatari, 2011 b" authorityName="Hirose & Mawatari" authorityYear="2011" box="[553,1042,1932,1959]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Rumarcanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE2FFB6212EF861A5F05CEA" box="[553,711,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Rumarcanella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE2FFB621D4F861A3255CEA" author="Hirose, M. & Mawatari, S. F." box="[723,1042,1932,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref20431" refString="Hirose, M. & Mawatari, S. F. (2011 b) Freshwater Bryozoa of Okinawa, Japan, with descriptions of Rumarcanella gen. nov. (Phylactolaemata: Plumatellidae) and two new species. Zootaxa, 2732 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2732.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Hirose & Mawatari, 2011b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Since Annandale’s species name has chronological priority, the species previously known as
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<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE2FFB62052F85DA37B5C86" baseAuthorityName="Toriumi" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[853,1100,1968,1994]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Rumarcanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minuta">
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<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE2FFB62052F85DA37B5C86" box="[853,1100,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Rumarcanella minuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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now becomes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE2FFB627F8F85DA6C15CA3" authority="(Annandale, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Annandale" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Rumarcanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="himalayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE2FFB627F8F85DA62C5CA2" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Rumarcanella himalayana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE2FFB6222DF839A6D95CA3" author="Annandale, N." box="[298,494,2004,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refId="ref19419" refString="Annandale, N. (1911) Freshwater sponges, hydroids & polyzoa. Fauna of British India. Taylor & Francis, London, 251 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1050" type="book" year="1911">Annandale, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE5FFB123C0FF7BA5ED5B99" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB123C0FF7BA6F95BFC" bold="true" box="[199,462,150,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Additional references.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB122D3FF7AA4C35BFD" authority=": Vorstman, 1928, p. 9" authorityName="Vorstman" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1928" box="[468,1012,151,177]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Plumatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="punctata" subSpecies="densa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB122D3FF7AA5C95BFD" box="[468,766,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Plumatella punctata densa</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB1200CFF7AA4895BFD" author="Vorstman, A." box="[779,958,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref23315" refString="Vorstman, A. (1928) Some freshwater Bryozoa from West Java. Treubia, 10, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1928">Vorstman, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 9
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 5;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB12740FF7AA6AD5B99" authority=": Toriumi, 1941 a, p. 202" authorityName="Toriumi" authorityPageNumber="202" authorityYear="1941" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Plumatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="repens" variety="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB12740FF7AA2255BFC" box="[1095,1298,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Plumatella repens</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB12640FF7AA2A25BFC" box="[1351,1429,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">minuta</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB12390FF56A6715B99" author="Toriumi, M." box="[151,326,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="193 - 215" refId="ref23100" refString="Toriumi, M. (1941 a) Studies on freshwater Bryozoa of Japan. I. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Series 4, Biology, 16, 193 - 215." type="journal article" year="1941">Toriumi, 1941a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 202
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 6; 1941b, p. 417, fig. 4;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B69F651BFFE5FFB123C0FF32A3695A51" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE5FFB123C0FF32A3695A51" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7F241081FFE5FFB123C0FF32A5A85BB5" author="Toriumi, M." box="[199,671,222,249]" page="137" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1955">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB123C0FF32A5A85BB5" authority=": Toriumi, 1955, p. 137" authorityName="Toriumi" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1955" box="[199,671,222,249]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Hyalinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB123C0FF32A6A25BB4" box="[199,405,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Hyalinella minuta</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB122A2FF32A57D5BB5" author="Toriumi, M." box="[421,586,222,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="137 - 144" refId="ref23272" refString="Toriumi, M. (1955) Taxonomical study of fresh-water Bryozoa XII. On Plumatella repens var. minuta Toriumi, 1941. The Science Reports of the Tohoku University, Series 4, Biology, 21, 137 - 144." type="journal article" year="1955">Toriumi, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 137
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–144, figs 1, 2;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7F241081FFE5FFB1205FFF32A23C5BB5" author="Wood, T. & Anurakpongsatorn, P. & Mahujchariyawong, J." box="[856,1291,223,249]" page="97" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="2006">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB1205FFF32A23C5BB5" authority=": Wood 2006, p. 97" authorityName="Wood" authorityPageNumber="97" authorityYear="2006" box="[856,1291,223,249]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Plumatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB1205FFF32A31D5BB4" box="[856,1066,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Plumatella minuta</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB1273CFF32A3F65BB5" author="Wood, T. & Anurakpongsatorn, P. & Mahujchariyawong, J." box="[1083,1217,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="81 - 117" refId="ref24319" refString="Wood, T., Anurakpongsatorn, P. & Mahujchariyawong, J. (2006) Freshwater bryozoans of Thailand (Ectoprocta and Entoprocta). The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 6, 81 - 117." type="journal article" year="2006">Wood 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 97
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 22, 23;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7F241081FFE5FFB12390FEEEA5C85A51" author="Hirose, M. & Mawatari, S. F." box="[151,767,259,285]" page="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="2011">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB12390FEEEA5C85A51" authority=": Hirose & Mawatari, 2011 b, p. 7" authorityName="Hirose & Mawatari" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,767,259,285]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Rumarcanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB12390FEEEA6BD5A50" box="[151,394,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Rumarcanella minuta</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB1229FFEEEA5F05A51" author="Hirose, M. & Mawatari, S. F." box="[408,711,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref20431" refString="Hirose, M. & Mawatari, S. F. (2011 b) Freshwater Bryozoa of Okinawa, Japan, with descriptions of Rumarcanella gen. nov. (Phylactolaemata: Plumatellidae) and two new species. Zootaxa, 2732 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2732.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Hirose & Mawatari, 2011b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 7
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7F241081FFE5FFB1200BFEEEA3275A51" author="Mitra, R. & Barton, A. F. & Briggs, S. & Orbell, J. D." box="[780,1040,259,285]" page="87" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="2013">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB1200BFEEEA4FC5A51" author="Mitra, R. & Barton, A. F. & Briggs, S. & Orbell, J. D." box="[780,971,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref21363" refString="Mitra, R., Barton, A. F., Briggs, S. & Orbell, J. D. (2013) Identification of five bryozoan species in the Northern Mallee Pipeline, Australia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 40 (2), 81 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2012.674538" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mitra
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB12056FEEEA4BE5A51" box="[849,905,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 87
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B69F651BFFE5FFB123C0FECBA5725A9D" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE5FFB123C0FECBA5725A9D" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB123C0FECBA6565A0C" bold="true" box="[199,353,294,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="86927600FFE5FFB12282FECAA6885A0D" box="[389,447,295,321]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
the species was first collected at Malwa Tal, a small village near Nainital in the foothills of the Himalaya Range, State of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3C41F872FFE5FFB12109FEA6A5AC5A29" box="[526,667,331,357]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="397D9B75FFE5FFB121E9FEA6A4725A29" box="[750,837,331,357]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" unit="km" value="230.0">230 km</quantity>
|
||
northeast of New
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3C41F872FFE5FFB1271EFEA6A36C5A29" box="[1049,1115,331,357]" country="India" name="Delhi" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Delhi</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Other sites include Kolkata (ZSI No. P1388/1) and the State of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3C41F872FFE5FFB12120FE82A5845AC5" box="[551,691,367,393]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB121C5FE82A4955AC5" author="Swami, P. S. & Harkal, A. D. & Mokashe, S. S." box="[706,930,367,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="47 - 48" refId="ref23048" refString="Swami, P. S., Harkal, A. D. & Mokashe, S. S. (2016 b) Incidence of Five Bryozoan (Phylactolaemata) species in the Daunapur water Project, District-Beed, Maharashtra, India. Biosystematica, 10, 47 - 48." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Swami
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB1201EFE82A47D5AC5" box="[793,842,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Beyond
|
||
<collectingCountry id="86927600FFE5FFB12713FE82A3795AC5" box="[1044,1102,367,393]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
the species has been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="86927600FFE5FFB123D3FE7EA60C5AE1" box="[212,315,403,429]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB1224DFE7EA5385AE1" author="Mitra, R. & Barton, A. F. & Briggs, S. & Orbell, J. D." box="[330,527,403,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref21363" refString="Mitra, R., Barton, A. F., Briggs, S. & Orbell, J. D. (2013) Identification of five bryozoan species in the Northern Mallee Pipeline, Australia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 40 (2), 81 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2012.674538" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mitra
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB12295FE7EA6F35AE1" box="[402,452,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="86927600FFE5FFB12124FE7EA5545AE1" box="[547,611,403,429]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB12175FE7EA4975AE1" author="Hirose, M. & Mawatari, S. F." box="[626,928,403,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref20431" refString="Hirose, M. & Mawatari, S. F. (2011 b) Freshwater Bryozoa of Okinawa, Japan, with descriptions of Rumarcanella gen. nov. (Phylactolaemata: Plumatellidae) and two new species. Zootaxa, 2732 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2732.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Hirose & Mawatari 2011b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="86927600FFE5FFB120B3FE7EA4CF5AE1" box="[948,1016,403,429]" name="South Korea" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB1270FFE7EA3825AE1" author="Toriumi, M." box="[1032,1205,403,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="413 - 425" refId="ref23136" refString="Toriumi, M. (1941 b) Studies on freshwater Bryozoa of Japan. II. Freshwater Bryozoa of Tyosen (Korea). Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Series 4 Biology, 16 (4), 413 - 425." type="journal article" year="1941">Toriumi 1941b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="86927600FFE5FFB127CEFE7EA21A5AE1" box="[1225,1325,403,429]" name="Thailand" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB1263BFE7EA7C05A9D" author="Wood, T. & Anurakpongsatorn, P. & Mahujchariyawong, J." pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="81 - 117" refId="ref24319" refString="Wood, T., Anurakpongsatorn, P. & Mahujchariyawong, J. (2006) Freshwater bryozoans of Thailand (Ectoprocta and Entoprocta). The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 6, 81 - 117." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Wood
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB1268FFE7EA79A5A9D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="86927600FFE5FFB1223EFE5AA6BC5A9D" box="[313,395,439,465]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB1229DFE5AA50F5A9D" author="Toriumi, M." box="[410,568,439,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="207 - 214" refId="ref23182" refString="Toriumi, M. (1942) Studies on freshwater Bryozoa of Japan IV. Freshwater Bryozoa of Taiwan (Formosa). Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Series 4, Biology, 17 (2), 207 - 214" type="journal article" year="1942">Toriumi 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B69F651BFFE5FFB023C0FE36A5A65AC5" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE5FFB123C0FE36A65A592D" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB123C0FE36A60C5AB9" bold="true" box="[199,315,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
At the ZSI there are two jars with the number ZEV 4813/7. In one is a large rock with a nice colony, but this is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB1220BFE12A6CE5954" authorityName=", Annandale" authorityYear="1919" box="[268,505,511,537]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Plumatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="casmiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB1220BFE12A6CE5954" box="[268,505,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Plumatella casmiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with leptoblasts. It is the second jar with a smaller rock that contains the
|
||
<typeStatus id="213E8832FFE5FFB12634FE12A2AE5955" box="[1331,1433,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. There is also another specimen: ZSI No. P1388/1 collected
|
||
<date id="8A3B1050FFE5FFB12030FDCFA33A5971" box="[823,1037,546,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="1958-12-25">25 December 1958</date>
|
||
at Dhakuria Lake, Kolkata by K.S. Rao and S.N. Paul.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AAFA6618FFE5FFB12390FA74A34D5D52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7270907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7270907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7270907/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" startId="12.[151,250,1433,1457]" targetBox="[155,1433,641,1409]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE5FFB12390FA74A34D5D52" blockId="12.[151,1437,1433,1566]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB12390FA74A63A5EFD" bold="true" box="[151,269,1433,1457]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB1221EFA74A6D25EFD" authorityName=": Annandale" authorityYear="1911" box="[281,485,1433,1457]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Stolella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="himalayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB1221EFA74A6D25EFD" box="[281,485,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Stolella himalayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB1218FFA74A4A35EFD" baseAuthorityName="Annandale" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[648,916,1433,1457]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Rumarcanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="himalayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB1218FFA74A4A35EFD" box="[648,916,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Rumarcanella himalayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Specimen No. P1388. (a) Floatoblast valves, scale bar = 100 µm; (b) SEM image of a floatoblast dorsal valve; (c) close-up of a portion of the floatoblast fenestra showing hypertubercles, the key feature of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB12159FA0CA5DA5EB5" authorityName="Hirose & Mawatari" authorityYear="2011" box="[606,749,1505,1529]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Rumarcanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB12159FA0CA5DA5EB5" box="[606,749,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Rumarcanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, scale bar = 10 µm; (d) Floatoblast suture showing the very lumpy structure; (e) Detail of the floatoblast profile showing the serrated appearance, scale bar = 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE5FFB123C0F9A1A2B25DBA" blockId="12.[151,1437,1612,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB123C0F9A1A6A75D2A" author="Annandale, N." box="[199,400,1612,1638]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refId="ref19419" refString="Annandale, N. (1911) Freshwater sponges, hydroids & polyzoa. Fauna of British India. Taylor & Francis, London, 251 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1050" type="book" year="1911">Annandale (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described this species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB121AEF9A1A4BE5D2A" authorityName=": Annandale" authorityYear="1911" box="[681,905,1612,1638]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Stolella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="himalayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB121AEF9A1A4BE5D2A" box="[681,905,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Stolella himalayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At that time his attention was drawn to unusual colony morphology with “zooecia joined together, often in groups of three, by slender, transparent, tubular processes often of great relative length.” The processes were formed by certain greatly elongated zooids, which, according to Annandale, gave the colony superficial resemblance to the ctenostome,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB120AAF955A2455D9E" authority="(Ehrenberg, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[941,1394,1720,1746]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Paludicellidae" genus="Paludicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="articulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB120AAF955A3965D9E" box="[941,1185,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Paludicella articulata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB127A9F955A25D5D9E" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[1198,1386,1720,1746]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refId="ref19990" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1831) Symbolae physicae, seu, Icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum: quae ex itineribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongalam Syriam Arabiam et Habessiniam publico institutis sumptu Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg. Pars zoologica. I. Animalia evertebrata, exclusis insectis. Academica, Berlin, 128 pp., 10 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 107403" type="book" year="1831">Ehrenberg, 1831</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of the floatoblasts Annandale said only that they were similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB120ABF931A3795DBA" authorityName=": Annandale" authorityYear="1909" box="[940,1102,1756,1782]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Stolella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB120ABF931A3795DBA" box="[940,1102,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Stolella indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but perhaps more elongate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE5FFB123C0F8EDA6175C2E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1612,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
|
||
For the most part Annandale’s description and accompanying illustrations match the
|
||
<typeStatus id="213E8832FFE5FFB12776F8EDA3965C56" box="[1137,1185,1792,1818]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens. Curiously, Annandale noted that “only free statoblasts have been observed,” while I encountered more sessoblasts than floatoblasts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE5FFB023C0F881A6155A51" blockId="12.[151,1437,1612,2034]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
|
||
Unexpectedly long zooids appear from time to time among plumatellid species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB12742F881A3CE5CCA" author="Wiebach, F." box="[1093,1273,1900,1926]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref23337" refString="Wiebach, F. (1964) Untersuchungen an Susswasser-Bryozoen aus Zentralafrika. Annals de la Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, 129, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1964">Wiebach (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found them in his
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB123B9F87DA6515CE6" box="[190,358,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB123B9F87DA6555CE6" authorityName=": Annandale" authorityYear="1909" box="[190,354,1936,1962]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Stolella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="indica">Stolella indica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but his specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="86927600FFE5FFB1219BF87DA5D05CE6" box="[668,743,1936,1962]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
have mostly zooids of normal length and only a few elongated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB12399F859A6115C82" author="Wood, T." box="[158,294,1972,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="581 - 600" refId="ref24053" refString="Wood, T. (2020) Review of freshwater Bryozoa (Phylactolaemata) of Central Africa with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 4820 (1), 581 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4820.3.11" type="journal article" year="2020">Wood 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB122C6F859A5F55C81" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1844" box="[449,706,1972,1998]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Plumatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="emarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB122C6F859A5F55C81" box="[449,706,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Plumatella emarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are normally compact, but occasionally grow long, free branches easily mistaken for fredericellid colonies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB1217BF835A4AF5CBE" author="Wood, T. & Okamura, B." box="[636,920,2007,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refId="ref24260" refString="Wood, T. & Okamura, B. (2005) A New Key to the Freshwater Bryozoans of Britain, Ireland, and Continental Europe. Scientific Publication No. 63. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, 113 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2109.2005.01399. x" type="book" year="2005">Wood & Okamura 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Even robust
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE5FFB02747F835A7F85BFD" authority="Hastings, 1929" authorityName="Hastings" authorityYear="1929" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Plumatella" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="414" order="Plumatellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="vaihiriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE5FFB12747F835A21E5CBE" box="[1088,1321,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Plumatella vaihiriae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE5FFB02634F835A7F85BFD" author="Hastings, A." lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="300 - 310" refId="ref20288" refString="Hastings, A. (1929). XL. - Notes on some little-known phylactolaematous Polyzoa and description of a new species from Tahiti. Journal of Natural History, 3 (15), 300 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932908672974" type="journal article" year="1929">Hastings, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occasionally appears with zooids that are greatly elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="66BE2A15FFE4FFB0209AFF7AA4C35BFD" box="[925,1012,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1018,1042]" captionTargetBox="[408,1179,417,995]" captionTargetId="figure-101@13.[408,1179,417,995]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Stolonate growth in Plumatella vaihiriae from Silver Lake, Cowlitz County, Washington, USA. The species is known for its normally robust, often bushy colonies. Photo has been digitally enhanced to increase contrast. Scale bar = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7270909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7270909/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colony morphology can be highly variable, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE4FFB02227FF56A6FB5B99" author="Toriumi, M." box="[288,460,186,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="137 - 144" refId="ref23272" refString="Toriumi, M. (1955) Taxonomical study of fresh-water Bryozoa XII. On Plumatella repens var. minuta Toriumi, 1941. The Science Reports of the Tohoku University, Series 4, Biology, 21, 137 - 144." type="journal article" year="1955">Toriumi (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out when he re-described and illustrated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE4FFB02707FF56A2A05B99" authority="(Toriumi, 1941 a)" baseAuthorityName="Toriumi" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[1024,1431,187,213]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Hyalinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE4FFB02707FF56A3FA5B98" box="[1024,1229,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Hyalinella minuta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A144B61FFE4FFB027DAFF56A2B85B99" author="Toriumi, M." box="[1245,1423,187,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="193 - 215" refId="ref23100" refString="Toriumi, M. (1941 a) Studies on freshwater Bryozoa of Japan. I. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Series 4, Biology, 16, 193 - 215." type="journal article" year="1941">Toriumi, 1941a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species with occasional elongated zooids and whose floatoblasts are identical to those of Annandale’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39854D13FFE4FFB02640FF32A62C5A51" authorityName=": Annandale" authorityYear="1911" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Stolella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="himalayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCF1EA82FFE4FFB02640FF32A62C5A51" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Stolella himalayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FE3A3690FFE4FFB023C0FECAA5A65AC5" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Among phylactolaemate bryozoans floatoblasts have be found to carry the most reliable characters for species identification. In this species, the floatoblast features are quite distinctive: small size, fenestrae similar in size and shape, roughened suture, and hypertubercles.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |