treatments-xml/data/5E/BC/05/5EBC0522C5A15281AE143316E7B220A1.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.54.3285" ID-PMC="PMC4547038" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-54-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE0FFDE6E36FFDA78113F25FF96FFDC" ID-PubMed="26312043" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576320" ModsDocID="1314-2003-54-1" checkinTime="1451251405022" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Holstein, Norbert" docDate="2015" docId="5EBC0522C5A15281AE143316E7B220A1" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 54: 1-166" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 54" docPubDate="2015-08-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.54.3285" docTitle="Coccinia adoensis subsp. var. var. jeffreyana Holstein 2015, var. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFE0FFDE6E36FFDA78113F25FF96FFDC" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FFE0FFDE6E36FFDA78113F25FF96FFDC" masterDocTitle="Monograph of Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="166" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1668141432544" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Monograph of Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Holstein, Norbert</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9892-0355</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Nees-Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">holstein@uni-bonn.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2015-08-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>54</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>166</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.54.3285</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.54.3285</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-54-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFE0FFDE6E36FFDA78113F25FF96FFDC</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576320</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182227774" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5EBC0522C5A15281AE143316E7B220A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5EBC0522C5A15281AE143316E7B220A1" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<pageBreakToken pageId="62" pageNumber="63" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
c. 
<taxonomicName LSID="5EBC0522-C5A1-5281-AE14-3316E7B220A1" authority="Holstein" authorityName="Holstein" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis subsp. var. var. jeffreyana" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" status="var. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="jeffreyana">Coccinia adoensis var. jeffreyana Holstein</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="62" pageNumber="63">var. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77148914-1" authority="Holstein, 2015" authorityName="Holstein" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis subsp. var. var. jeffreyana" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" status="var. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="jeffreyana">Coccinia adoensis var. jeffreyana</taxonomicName>
Type: Tanzania. Iringa, Mufindi District, Ngwazi, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.5">8°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.25">35°15'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1830 m, female, fl, fr, 25 Feb 1987, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">J.C. Lovett 1597</emphasis>
(Holotype: MO!, isotype: EA!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
This variety has affinities with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cogn" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Coccinia adoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia senensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Coccinia senensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The abaxial side of the petiole and the lower leaf surface bears simple trichomes with long cells, which appear crumpled or articulate when dry. Most of the trichomes, especially on the nodes, exceed 0.8 mm (-1.2 mm), whereas trichomes of 
<taxonomicName authority="var. adoensis" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis subsp. var. var. adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" subSpecies="var." variety="adoensis">Coccinia adoensis var. adoensis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holstein" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="C. Jeffrey" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="subsp. var. var. aurantiaca" order="Uredinales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" subSpecies="var." variety="aurantiaca">var. aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
are shorter &lt;0.5(-0.8) mm. The calyx lobe length often exceeds 2 mm (in contrast to other 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cogn" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Coccinia adoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
varieties), but the lobes are not subulate or narrowly acute as in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia senensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Coccinia senensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but rather linear or if narrowly triangulate, then not with a pointed tip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Perennial creeper or climber. Stems up to 3 m, more or less densely covered with long (at least on the nodes&gt; 0.8 mm, Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes on Coccinia species. a Node of Coccinia adoensis var. jeffreyana (J. C. Lovett 1197). The black bar equals 1 mm. b Part of a leaf Coccinia adoensis var. jeffreyana (A. F. Stolz 504). The white bar equals 1 mm. c Glandular trichome from Coccinia grandis." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">3a</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. a Cross-section of a petiole of Coccinia grandiflora, stained with astra blue and safranin (3: 2). The bicollateral vascular bundles are arranged in a U-shape b Trichome on the adaxial ridge of a cross-section of a petiole of Coccinia grandiflora. Although not visible by naked-eye, the petiole is also covered with few-celled glandular trichomes c Young plant of Coccinia adoensis var. jeffreyana. The trichomes are mainly occurring on the prominent veins. The adaxial side of the petiole bears smaller trichomes on the ridges, which fade into the leaf margin." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">5c</figureCitation>
) trichomes that appear articulate when dry. Petiole 0.25-3.5 cm, subsessile to distinctly petiolate, with long patent trichomes. Leaves 3.2-10.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.6-12 cm, shallowly to profoundly 3- or 5-lobate, lobes triangular, ovate to elliptical, margin dentate, slightly serrate, apex acute to obtuse with apical tip. Upper leaf surface glabrous or with few trichomes, hyaline to white pustulate. Lower leaf surface more or less densely covered with articulate trichomes, rarely almost glabrous with white pustules on veins. Probracts up to 3 mm. Tendrils simple. Male flowers in racemes, often accompanied by a single flower or one solitary flower. Common peduncle 5-5.5 cm, with short articulate trichomes. Pedicel of racemous flowers 5-9 mm, with short articulate trichomes. Bracts up to 1 mm, caducous. Pedicel of solitary flower 2.2-7.8 cm, with short articulate trichomes. Hypanthium with short trichomes. Calyx lobes 1-3.5 mm, narrowly triangular but not subulate, erect. Corolla 1.1-1.65 cm, yellow, orange, to dark crimson with darker veins outside, lobes 4-7 mm. Color of filament column pink, anther head orange-yellow to orange, color of pollen sacs not seen. Female flowers solitary. Pedicel 0.6-1.7 cm long, puberulous. Ovary with short to long, articulate trichomes. Fruit size c. 2-6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
c. 1 cm long, elliptical, often with sterile apical tip (
<normalizedToken originalValue="“beaked”">&quot;beaked&quot;</normalizedToken>
), glabrous, green with white spots when unripe, red when ripe. Seeds 4-5.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-3.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5 mm (L/W/H), symmetrically obovate, face lenticular (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Seeds of Coccinia. The lack of fibers in e and f are preparation artifacts due to mechanical removal of the hyaline aril. Maceration (coarse crushing of the fruit and soaking of the mass in water for 2 - 3 weeks; R. Brueggemann - pers. comm.) retains the surface fibers. Length of white bars equals 1 mm. a Seeds of Coccinia adoensis var. jeffreyana (plant derived from seed of the same fruit: N. Holstein 130). Note the lenticular face and symmetrical shape of the seed b seeds of Coccinia abyssinica (plant derived from seed of the same fruit: N. Holstein 120 and 132) c Seeds of Coccinia trilobata d Seeds of Coccinia sessilifolia (harvested by maceration) e Seeds of Coccinia sessilifolia (harvested by mechanical extraction; taken from N. Holstein 119) f Seeds of Coccinia grandis (harvested by mechanical extraction)." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">14a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Flowering time: January-March, November, December.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Distribution map of Coccinia adoensis var. aurantiaca (pale yellow triangles; based on 18 collections), Coccinia adoensis var. jeffreyana (pale yellow dots; based on 18 collections), Coccinia pwaniensis (blue triangles; based on 11 collections, including a natural hybrid), and Coccinia senensis (blue dots; based on 30 collections). For Tanzania the borders of the regions are given." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">23</figureCitation>
. Malawi (Northern Region, Southern Region), Tanzania (Dodoma?, Iringa, Mbeya, Morogoro?, Singida), Kenya (southern Rift Valley Province). 1300-2600 m. Soil preferences unknown. With 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dodonea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dodonea viscosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Dodonea viscosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; under pines; in 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plantation, highland grassland, in open woodland with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Combretum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Combretum" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Combretum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Tiliaceae" genus="Grewia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Grewia" order="Malvales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Grewia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Strophanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Strophanthus emenii" order="Gentianales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="emenii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Strophanthus emenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia tortilis" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tortilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Acacia tortilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Robyns" authorityYear="1928" baseAuthorityName="K. Schum." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Tapiphyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tapiphyllum obtusifolium" order="Gentianales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Tapiphyllum obtusifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Connaraceae" genus="Burttia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Burttia" order="Oxalidales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Burttia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cassia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cassia" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Cassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
The epithet was chosen to honor Charles Jeffrey, who worked extensively on the 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cucurbitaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Cucurbitaceae</taxonomicName>
and the flora of East Africa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="use">
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Use.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Unripe and ripe fruits are reported to be edible (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">C.J. Kayombo 296</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">P. Kuchar 22631</emphasis>
), roots taken to make stomach medicine (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">P. Kuchar 22631</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="vernacular names">
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<pageBreakToken pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="start">Vernacular</pageBreakToken>
names.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
Kihehe: mtumbulansoka (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">W. Carmichael 171</emphasis>
); Kinyaturu: mukunguhi (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">P. Kuchar 22631</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
Morphologically, this variety closely matches 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia senensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia senensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with rather short petiolate to subsessile leaves, and a 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia senensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia senensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like indumentum), but it has the calyx lobes rather of 
<taxonomicName authority="var. adoensis" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis subsp. var. var. adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" subSpecies="var." variety="adoensis">Coccinia adoensis var. adoensis</taxonomicName>
, with the lobe length being intermediate between 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia senensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia senensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="var. adoensis" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis subsp. var. var. adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" subSpecies="var." variety="adoensis">Coccinia adoensis var. adoensis</taxonomicName>
. The sequenced specimens do not cluster with most other 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cogn" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia adoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
haplotypes from East Africa or southern Africa, and lack the typical deletion of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia senensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia senensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">trn</emphasis>
SGCU- 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">trn</emphasis>
GUCC intergenic spacer (
<bibRefCitation author="Holstein, N" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" publicationUrl="10.1186/1471-2148-11-28" refId="B92" refString="Holstein, N, Renner, SS, 2011b. A dated phylogeny and collection records reveal repeated biome shifts in the African genus Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 11, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-28" title="A dated phylogeny and collection records reveal repeated biome shifts in the African genus Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae)." url="10.1186/1471-2148-11-28" volume="11" year="2011 b">Holstein and Renner 2011b</bibRefCitation>
). A 
<taxonomicName authority="var. adoensis" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis subsp. var. var. adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" subSpecies="var." variety="adoensis">Coccinia adoensis var. adoensis</taxonomicName>
-like collection (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">S.A. Robertson 1925</emphasis>
) also clusters with this variety, but it lacks the long trichomes. Long trichomes also appear in populations of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia grandiflora" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia grandiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia mackenii" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mackenii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia mackenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in higher altitudes or in areas with higher precipitation. The collections of this variety are distributed above 1300 m and thus receive higher amounts of rainfall, so the long trichomes could be an adaptation. On the other hand, very similar trichomes regularly occur in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia senensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia senensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sometimes short though, but that species does not occur in such high altitudes. As the collections of this variety differ from the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“typical”">&quot;typical&quot;</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cogn" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia adoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but still belong to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cogn" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia adoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they are treated as a new variety.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
The collection 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">R.E. Gereau &amp; C.J. Kayombo 3582</emphasis>
(K, MO; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cogn" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia adoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
4 in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Phylogenetic relationships in Coccinia based on five plastid DNA loci (mat K, ndh F- rpl 32 intergenic spacer (IS), rpl 20 - rps 12 IS, trn L intron, trn L- trn F IS, trn S- trn G IS) obtained for 75 accessions from 24 species. Shown is the topology of the 50 % majority rule consensus tree obtained from Bayesian analysis including simple gap coding for ingroup InDels. Numbers above the branches are posterior probability values ≥ 0.98 with values &quot; with InDel coding &quot; first, followed by &quot; without InDel coding. &quot; Numbers below the branches are bootstrap support values from ML analysis. Topologies from the different analyses were not contradictive, although some clades were not resolved without gap coding. Roman numbers indicate clades as discussed in the text: I = Coccinia adoensis clade, II = Coccinia quinqueloba group, III = Coccinia barteri clade, and IV = Coccinia rehmannii clade." pageId="63" pageNumber="64">17</figureCitation>
) is morphologically inseparable from this variety, and the plastid haplotype clusters within East African 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cogn" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia adoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This collection has a normal-sized corolla, and therefore seems to be fertile, which supports the hypothesis that the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holstein" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="subsp. var. var. jeffreyana" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" subSpecies="var." variety="jeffreyana">var. jeffreyana</taxonomicName>
is not reproductively isolated from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="subsp. var. var. adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" subSpecies="var." variety="adoensis">var. adoensis</taxonomicName>
. This is also why the present author refrains from designating it as a paratype, namely in order to avoid confusion about the genetic definition of this variety.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
Phylogenetically, it is uncertain whether this variety retains an ancestral morphology of the common ancestor of 
<taxonomicName authority="var. adoensis" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis subsp. var. var. adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" subSpecies="var." variety="adoensis">Coccinia adoensis var. adoensis</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia senensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia senensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or whether the longer trichomes are homoplastic due to an adaptive nature or this is a case of incomplete lineage sorting. Given the strong impact of aridification caused by the ice ages, the ancestor of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cogn" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia adoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia senensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia senensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presumably survived during an arid era in more humid coastal 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“forests”">&quot;forests&quot;</normalizedToken>
and woodlands of East Africa, where it evolved to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia senensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia senensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holstein, Kew Bull. 65 (3): 435. 2010 [publ. 1 Jan" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia pwaniensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pwaniensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia pwaniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other morphs evolved in woodlands rather in the inland, and are now pooled as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cogn" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia adoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Interestingly, the distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holstein" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis subsp. var. var. jeffreyana" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" subSpecies="var." variety="jeffreyana">Coccinia adoensis var. jeffreyana</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia senensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia senensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the allied 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holstein, Kew Bull. 65 (3): 435. 2010 [publ. 1 Jan" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia pwaniensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pwaniensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia pwaniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(shares the subulate calyx lobes with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia senensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Coccinia senensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is very similar to that of the 
<taxonomicName family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
species 
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Schum" authorityYear="1895" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Carvalhoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carvalhoa campanulata" order="Gentianales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Carvalhoa campanulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
K.Schum. (
<bibRefCitation author="Leeuwenberg, AJM" journalOrPublisher="Wageningen Agricultural University Papers" pageId="140" pageNumber="141" pagination="48 - 55" refId="B130" refString="Leeuwenberg, AJM, 1985. A revision of Carvalhoa K. Schum. Wageningen Agricultural University Papers 85: 48 - 55" title="A revision of Carvalhoa K. Schum." volume="85" year="1985">Leeuwenberg 1985</bibRefCitation>
), which suggests shared ecological preferences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
The collections from Singida occur in drier habitats than those from C and S Tanzania. Collections with an indumentum like 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holstein" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis subsp. var. var. jeffreyana" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" subSpecies="var." variety="jeffreyana">Coccinia adoensis var. jeffreyana</taxonomicName>
also occur in NE D. R. Congo (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">A. Taton 128</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">G. Troupin 570</emphasis>
), but it is uncertain whether these are also genetically linked to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holstein" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis subsp. var. var. jeffreyana" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" subSpecies="var." variety="jeffreyana">Coccinia adoensis var. jeffreyana</taxonomicName>
, so they are listed here under 
<taxonomicName authority="var. adoensis" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia adoensis subsp. var. var. adoensis" order="Uredinales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="adoensis" subSpecies="var." variety="adoensis">Coccinia adoensis var. adoensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
(selection, in total: 26) Kenya. Rift Valley Province: Namanga, cultivated in Munich Botanical Garden, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">N. Holstein 125</emphasis>
(M) and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">130</emphasis>
(M). Malawi. Northern Region: Mzimba Dist., 3 mi. W of Mzuzu at Katoto, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">J. Pawek 10404</emphasis>
(MO, WAG [WAG0234128]). Tanzania. Iringa: Ludewa district. Livingstone Mountains, E slope of Msalaba Mountain, above stand of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia abyssinica" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abyssinica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Acacia abyssinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on foot trail 
<pageBreakToken pageId="64" pageNumber="65" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
mission at Luana, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-9.983334">09°59'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="34.6">34°36'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">R.E. Gereau &amp; C.J. Kayombo 3535</emphasis>
(DSM, EA, MO, NHT, PRE); Great North Road, Sao Hill, 61ml. S of Iringa, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">R. Polhill &amp; S. Paulo 1722</emphasis>
(B, EA, P [P05621244], PRE). Mbeya: Nyassa Hochland, Station Kyimbila, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">A.F. Stolz 504</emphasis>
(JE, M, U, W). Singida: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="8½">81/2</normalizedToken>
km along road from Singida to Sepuka, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-4.7763886">04°46'35&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="034" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="34.666668">034°40'00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">P. Kuchar 23919</emphasis>
(MO, S [S08-12129]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>