504 lines
61 KiB
XML
504 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="C3F501CEA6245395C631CD3E10514C95" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.205926" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6a00f3db-b689-4784-91ee-b9c9b6aebc5d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="205926" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460277224109" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Niitsuma, Hiromi, Suzuki, Risa & Kato, Hideaki" docDate="2011" docId="03A68259FFD20F08AB8FF99203B3FCE4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02821p018.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2821" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paramerina yunouresia Sasa" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FF9FFA21FFD30F0EAB18FFDF0141FFF0" masterDocTitle="Review of the Japanese species of Paramerina (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae), with a key to the known males" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698248667186" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B6ABF55059A4FDDC72765D03C097ECE8">
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<mods:title id="8218EBDADAD13932824DD2C532037490">Review of the Japanese species of Paramerina (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae), with a key to the known males</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="71710B974F73DEF98C4855068FE934C0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CC02162FF2B37BF28AD63BCEBC51D821">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3CA189607A5F69DB879FD0CB304210AC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="78814BCA0E496699791CF02A5EA2B840">Niitsuma, Hiromi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0F4303EA417E96C22F7843551AC08CA9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="ABC58AEEAF54C79391F42FEFA63CE811">Suzuki, Risa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="72B79C76626369E997ECE5B0CD169C60" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="06E57AEC91E1B67D95511577D7B44CD9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AF321056265DD8B80439965A0744C4AC">Kato, Hideaki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7F6D930CD36AE0B539D73D356FDC3EF6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C4EDC6EC4F2B152B67C29300F1898678">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D23ECC9AF708B4CF56C4A97E98C543B0">
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<mods:date id="C2FD2F6A19A6D62C469B100FA7F6D2C2">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="29ED1115B2C086D8E876809308A8F7CD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="490613816A8B9801779005EF687EF31A">2821</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B1953BE32CF7169DB989C5E912865BF5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1B3DFEBAF987BA53873526F83580818B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.205926</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="33375F3E8BE9EFF6FBF02FE13A2BBE3B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A3D4BEED6A44B4188B2F278FB53B05AE" type="Zenodo-Dep">205926</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A68259FFD20F08AB8FF99203B3FCE4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3511117" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119396198" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3511117" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A68259FFD20F08AB8FF99203B3FCE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A68259FFD20F08AB8FF99203B3FCE4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C31560C4FFD20F0FAB8FF992007CF979" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD20F0FAB8FF99200B8F996" blockId="1.[151,505,1613,1673]" box="[151,505,1613,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0F88423FFD20F0FAB8FF99200B8F996" bold="true" box="[151,505,1613,1638]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD20F0FAB8FF99200B8F996" ID-CoL="9J2LX" authority="Sasa" authorityName="Sasa" box="[151,505,1613,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
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<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD20F0FAB8FF99200B8F996" bold="true" box="[151,505,1613,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD20F0FAB8FF99200E8F996" bold="true" box="[151,425,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Paramerina yunouresia</emphasis>
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(Sasa)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD20F0FAB8FF9AE007CF979" blockId="1.[151,505,1613,1673]" box="[151,317,1649,1673]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFD20F0FAB86F9AE0044F979" box="[158,261,1649,1673]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1968,1991]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,855,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1947]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Paramerina yunouresia (Sasa), male (1 – 3) and female (4). 1, Thorax, showing marking pattern, dorsal view; 2, wing; 3, hypopygium, dorsal view; 4, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205927/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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–14)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31560C4FFD20F0FAB8FF9660210F8DB" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD20F0FAB8FF9660304F93F" blockId="1.[151,1066,1721,1835]" box="[151,581,1721,1743]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F1461FFD20F0FAB8FF9660304F93F" box="[151,581,1721,1743]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD20F0FAB8FF9660300F93F" ID-CoL="6NNYK" authority="Sasa, 1989: 152" authorityName="Sasa" authorityPageNumber="152" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,577,1721,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
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<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD20F0FAB8FF96600D6F93F" box="[151,407,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Krenopelopia yunouresia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAE155EFFD20F0FAA85F9650300F93F" author="Sasa" box="[413,577,1721,1743]" page="152" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1989">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD20F0FAA85F965034FF93F" author="Sasa" box="[413,526,1722,1743]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Sasa, M. (1989) Chironomidae of Japan: Checklist of species recorded, key to males and taxonomic notes. Part 3. Taxonomic notes on some Japanese Chironomidae. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 125, 147 - 158." type="journal article" year="1989">Sasa, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 152
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD20F0FAB8FF90703B1F8FC" blockId="1.[151,1066,1721,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F1461FFD20F0FAB8FF90703B1F8FC" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD20F0FAB8FF9070304F91D" ID-CoL="92SPC" authority="Sasa, 1990: 138" authorityName="Sasa" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,581,1752,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaminova">
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<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD20F0FAB8FF90700DCF91E" box="[151,413,1752,1774]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Krenopelopia amaminova</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAE155EFFD20F0FAABCF9070304F91D" author="Sasa" box="[420,581,1752,1773]" page="138" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD20F0FAABCF9070357F91D" author="Sasa" box="[420,534,1752,1773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Sasa, M. (1990) Studies on the chironomid midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) of the Nansei Islands, southern Japan. Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine, 60, 111 - 165." type="journal article" year="1990">Sasa, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 138
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(male
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<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD20F0FA993F90703A6F91E" box="[651,743,1752,1774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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;
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<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD20F0FA9E9F9060209F91E" box="[753,840,1753,1774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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series mixed). Syn. n.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD20F0FAB8FF92703DEF8FC" ID-CoL="4D33T" authority="Sasa et Suzuki, 1995: 285" authorityName="Sasa et Suzuki" authorityPageNumber="285" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,671,1782,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tokararesea">
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<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD20F0FAB8FF92700CEF8FD" box="[151,399,1783,1805]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Paramerina tokararesea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAE155EFFD20F0FAA8EF92803DEF8FC" author="Sasa" box="[406,671,1782,1805]" page="285" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD20F0FAA8EF928032DF8FC" author="Sasa" box="[406,620,1782,1805]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (1995) The chironomid species collected on the Tokara Islands, Kagoshima (Diptera). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 46, 255 - 288." type="journal article" year="1995">
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Sasa
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<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD20F0FAAD3F927009CF8FD" box="[459,477,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et</emphasis>
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Suzuki, 1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 285
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Syn. n.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD20F0FAB8FF8C90210F8DB" blockId="1.[151,1066,1721,1835]" box="[151,849,1813,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1F1461FFD20F0FAB8FF8C90210F8DB" box="[151,849,1813,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD20F0FAB8FF8C90015F8DB" ID-CoL="4D339" box="[151,340,1813,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisa">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD20F0FAB8FF8C90015F8DB" box="[151,340,1813,1835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Paramerina divisa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
[
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<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD20F0FAA7BF8C900C7F8DB" box="[355,390,1814,1835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">nec</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD20F0FAA94F8CA0359F8DB" author="Walker" box="[396,536,1813,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Walker, F. (1856) Insecta Britannica, Diptera. Volume 3. Lovell & Reeve, London, pp. 1 - 352." type="book" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
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]:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAE155EFFD20F0FA931F8CA020CF8DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3504143" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3504143" author="Kobayashi" box="[553,845,1813,1835]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/462F76070910FFD9318EFE55648A521E" page="52" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="2008">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD20F0FA931F8CA0266F8DB" author="Kobayashi" box="[553,807,1813,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Kobayashi, T. & Endo, K. (2008) Synonymic notes on some species of Chironomidae (Diptera) described by Dr. M. Sasa. Zootaxa, 1712, 49 - 64." type="journal article" year="2008">Kobayashi & Endo 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 52
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31560C4FFD20F0CAB8FF888054CFE77" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD20F0FAB8FF88804DDF82C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1879,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD20F0FAB8FF88800C7F880" bold="true" box="[151,390,1879,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD20F0FAA8BF88800BAF89F" box="[403,507,1879,1903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD20F0FA935F887020EF880" box="[557,847,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
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||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD20F0FA935F887020EF880" box="[557,847,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Krenopelopia yunouresia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
: male (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAB8AFFD20F0FA8B7F8880542F89F" box="[943,1027,1879,1903]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
), labeled, “No. 52: 23b”,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F31873DFFFD20F0FAE58F88704D8F880" box="[1344,1433,1880,1904]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Tochigi, Nikko, Lake Yunoko,
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||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD20F0FAAE5F8A303C1F864" box="[509,640,1916,1940]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1976-07-31">31.vii.1976</date>
|
||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD20F0FA996F8A203B1F865" box="[654,752,1917,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD20F0FA803F8A30578F864" box="[795,1081,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD20F0FA803F8A30578F864" box="[795,1081,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Krenopelopia yunouresia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD20F0FAF53F8A305D8F864" box="[1099,1177,1916,1940]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAB8AFFD20F0FAFB3F8A305BFF864" box="[1195,1278,1916,1940]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
), mounted on same glass slide with
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD20F0FAA93F84000B1F847" box="[395,496,1951,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and labeled, “No. 52: 23a”, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD20F0FA8DEF840056DF847" box="[966,1068,1951,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD20F0FAF2EF84005DFF847" box="[1078,1182,1951,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD20F0FAFDBF87F01A8F82C" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaminova">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD20F0FAFDBF87F01A8F82C" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Krenopelopia amaminova</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAB8AFFD20F0FAA5AF81B00D4F82C" box="[322,405,1988,2012]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
), labeled, “No. 179: 61”,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31873DFFFD20F0FA9A7F81B0259F82C" box="[703,792,1988,2012]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Kagoshima, Amami Island, Yakkachi River,
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||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD20F0FAE3FF81B04D9F82C" box="[1319,1432,1988,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1989-05-18">18.v.1989</date>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD10F0CAB8FFF47054CFE77" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD10F0CAB8FFF470045FF40" box="[151,260,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD10F0CAA28FF470317FF40" box="[304,598,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaminova">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD10F0CAA28FF470317FF40" box="[304,598,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Krenopelopia amaminova</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD10F0CA970FF48038EFF5F" box="[616,719,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">15 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAB8AFFD10F0CA9FAFF480277FF5F" box="[738,822,151,175]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
), labeled respectively, “No. 179: 62, 63, 65, 67–78”, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD10F0CAA21FF6300DEFF24" box="[313,415,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD10F0CAAB5FF630354FF24" box="[429,533,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD10F0CA95CFF62021BFF24" box="[580,858,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tokararesea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD10F0CA95CFF62021BFF24" box="[580,858,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paramerina tokararesea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1EAB8AFFD10F0CA8A0FF63054DFF24" box="[952,1036,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
), labeled, “No. 290: 75”,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31873DFFFD10F0CAE58FF6304D8FF24" box="[1344,1433,188,212]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Kagoshima, Tokara Islands, Nakanoshima,
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD10F0CA996FF000241FF07" box="[654,768,223,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1994-05-20">20.v.1994</date>
|
||
. Non-types.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31873DFFFD10F0CA88CFF3F02ACFF08" box="[916,1005,224,248]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Fukushima, Hirono, Asami River,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD10F0CAE96FF000199FEEC" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
|
||
with 9 pupal and 3 larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T0374–0382),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD10F0CA88FFEDB0547FEEC" box="[919,1030,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
with 3 pupal and 2 larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T0383–0385), and 1 larva (SUM-IC-T0386),
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD10F0CA838FEF8023DFECF" box="[800,892,295,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2001-01-02">2.i.2001</date>
|
||
(adults emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD10F0CAF51FEF805A0FECF" box="[1097,1249,295,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2001-01-15" valueMax="2001-01-31" valueMin="2001-01-15">15–31.i.2001</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD10F0CAFE1FEF8041EFECF" box="[1273,1375,295,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
with pupal exuviae (SUM-IC-T0387), as previous except
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD10F0CA9F9FE93021AFE94" box="[737,859,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2002-03-30">30.iii.2002</date>
|
||
(adult emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD10F0CAF17FE9305C8FE94" box="[1039,1161,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2002-04-27">27.iv.2002</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D09F8C6FFD10F0CAF84FE9305A6FE94" box="[1180,1255,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
with pupal exuviae (SUM-IC-T0388), as previous except
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD10F0CA96FFEB00399FE77" box="[631,728,367,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2002-05-05">5.v.2002</date>
|
||
(adult emerged
|
||
<date id="FFB1158FFFD10F0CA896FEB00541FE77" box="[910,1024,367,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2002-05-25">25.v.2002</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31560C4FFD10F0BABDDFE4C00D7FBB2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD10F0CABDDFE4C02FBFE5C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,791]" box="[197,954,403,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD10F0CABDDFE4C00DBFE5C" bold="true" box="[197,410,403,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 29). Body length 2.7–3.0 (2.8, n = 10) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD10F0CABDDFE67028DFDCC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD10F0CABDDFE670001FE20" box="[197,320,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Thorax yellow with dark 4 scutal vittae, anepisternum II and postnotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFD10F0CAF99FE680583FE3F" box="[1153,1218,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1968,1991]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,855,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1947]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Paramerina yunouresia (Sasa), male (1 – 3) and female (4). 1, Thorax, showing marking pattern, dorsal view; 2, wing; 3, hypopygium, dorsal view; 4, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205927/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdomen yellow with anterior dark bands on tergites II–VIII; widths of these bands varied among individuals, usually more or less broad on tergites II–IV, VI and VIII, and narrow on tergites V and VII. Wing without pattern. Foreleg brown, except pale basal half of femur; mid- and hind legs generally pale brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD10F0CABDDFD97056BFD57" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD10F0CABDDFD970040FD90" box="[197,257,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Temporals
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79EAAFFD10F0CAA96FD9800B0FDAF" box="[398,497,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="in" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 in</quantity>
|
||
number, uniserial. AR 1.2–1.5. Clypeus rounded with 15–20 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (in μm) 25–40 (33, n = 9), 45–60 (56, n = 9), 100–130 (114, n = 9), 100–125 (114, n = 9), 200–245 (225, n = 9); Pm4 1.0–1.1 times as long as Pm3; Pm5 1.9–2.1 times as long as Pm4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD10F0CABDDFD6802CDFCE7" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD10F0CABDDFD680057FD3F" box="[197,278,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Aps
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79EAAFFD10F0CAA79FD6800ECFD3F" box="[353,429,695,719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="in" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2 in</quantity>
|
||
number, located laterally. Ac 25–36, biserial, evenly diverging posteriorly; Dc 18–27 including 1–2 Prs, bi- to multiserial on each side; H 5–11; Pa 9–14, multiserial; Su 1. Scutellum with group of 6–11 short anterior setae and transverse row of 7–11 long posterior setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7063C7FFD10F0CAB8FF86F0241F815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205927/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[158,1431,855,1937]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD10F0CAB8FF86F0241F815" blockId="2.[151,1435,1968,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD10F0CAB8FF86F0078F836" bold="true" box="[151,313,1968,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD10F0CAA27F86D0334F837" authority="Sasa" authorityName="Sasa" box="[319,629,1969,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD10F0CAA27F86D036EF837" box="[319,559,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paramerina yunouresia</emphasis>
|
||
(Sasa)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (1–3) and female (4). 1, Thorax, showing marking pattern, dorsal view; 2, wing; 3, hypopygium, dorsal view; 4, genitalia, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDFF4605F9FF5F" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,325]" box="[197,1208,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDFF4601BEFF40" box="[197,255,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFD00F0DAA16FF480012FF5F" box="[270,339,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1968,1991]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,855,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1947]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Paramerina yunouresia (Sasa), male (1 – 3) and female (4). 1, Thorax, showing marking pattern, dorsal view; 2, wing; 3, hypopygium, dorsal view; 4, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205927/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length 1.8–2.2 (2.0, n = 10) mm. Squama with 18–27 setae; VR 0.84–0.90.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDFF6204CEFECF" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDFF6201BBFF24" box="[197,250,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Spur of foretibia 43–53 (48, n = 10) μm long with 2–4 lateral teeth; spurs of midtibia 60–73 (64, n = 10) and 25–35 (32, n = 10) μm long, each with 2 or 3 lateral teeth; spurs of hind tibia 65–78 (71, n = 10) and 25–35 (30, n = 10) μm long, each with 2 or 3 lateral teeth; hind tibial comb consisting of 5–8 spines. Pseudospurs present on ta1–3 or ta1–4 of all legs; claw with 1 long basoventral spine. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DAB8FFEB2047CFE44" blockId="3.[151,1383,365,1018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DAB8FFEB20045FE72" bold="true" box="[151,260,365,386]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Lengths (in μm) and proportions of legs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD00F0DA9D8FEB102B9FE74" authority="Sasa" authorityName="Sasa" box="[704,1016,366,388]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DA9D8FEB102F0FE73" box="[704,945,366,387]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramerina yunouresia</emphasis>
|
||
(Sasa)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (n = 9) and female (n = 4). fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5 LR BR
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DAB87FE150192FE10" blockId="3.[151,1383,365,1018]" box="[159,211,458,480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Male</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DAA10FE2A0426FDF9" blockId="3.[151,1383,365,1018]" box="[264,1383,499,525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">p1 677–798 768–919 646–788 414–505 313–384 202–242 91–111 0.79–0.86 5.5–6.5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DAA24FDC2050EFDC3" blockId="3.[151,1383,365,1018]" box="[316,1103,541,563]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">(726) (848) (711) (459) (349) (231) (107)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DAA10FD980427FDAC" blockId="3.[151,1383,365,1018]" box="[264,1382,582,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">p2 798–929 727–869 697–869 394–465 253–303 162–192 91–101 0.93–1.00 5.7–6.9</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DAA24FDAF0503FD76" blockId="3.[151,1383,365,1018]" box="[316,1090,624,646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">(866) (799) (781) (440) (282) (183) (99)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DAA10FD450426FD5F" blockId="3.[151,1383,365,1018]" box="[264,1383,665,691]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">p3 677–788 909–1071 737–889 414–475 303–354 202–242 91–111 0.76–0.83 6.4–7.5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DAA24FD1D050EFD29" blockId="3.[151,1383,365,1018]" box="[316,1103,706,729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">(735) (997) (808) (452) (329) (221) (104)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DAB87FD3401ABFCF1" blockId="3.[151,1383,365,1018]" box="[159,234,747,769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DAA10FCC90502FCA5" blockId="3.[151,1383,365,1018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">p1 626–697 737–848 667–758 414–465 293–343 202–222 91–101 0.88–0.92 (662) (778) (697) (432) (311) (207) (97)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DAA10FCB60503FC58" blockId="3.[151,1383,365,1018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">p2 788–909 768–859 727–848 394–475 242–283 162–172 91 0.95–1.00 (841) (798) (780) (422) (255) (164) (91)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DAA10FC640503FC09" blockId="3.[151,1383,365,1018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">p3 697–788 929–1061 758–899 414–485 293–333 202–222 91–101 0.82–0.86 (732) (970) (813) (434) (308) (207) (96)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDFBE502F9FB69" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDFBE50015FBA1" box="[197,340,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hypopygium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFD00F0DAA7CFBE600EBFBA1" box="[356,426,1081,1105]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1968,1991]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,855,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1947]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Paramerina yunouresia (Sasa), male (1 – 3) and female (4). 1, Thorax, showing marking pattern, dorsal view; 2, wing; 3, hypopygium, dorsal view; 4, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205927/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite IX without setae. Gonocoxite 150–185 (173, n = 10) μm long, 2.8–3.1 times as long as broad at middle, with pubescent field basally. Gonostylus 103–123 (111, n = 10) μm long; HR 1.4–1.7. Posterior tip of phallapodeme reaching 0.40–0.45 from base of gonocoxite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDFB7A0261FB4D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2011]" box="[197,800,1189,1213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDFB7A005DFB4D" bold="true" box="[197,284,1189,1213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 4). Body length 1.9–2.0 (2.0, n = 3) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDFB160343FB11" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2011]" box="[197,514,1225,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDFB160001FB11" box="[197,320,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Similar to male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDFB3200C5FA84" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDFB320040FAF5" box="[197,257,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Temporals
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79EAAFFD00F0DAA97FB3200A7FAF5" box="[399,486,1261,1285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="11.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="9.0">9–13 in</quantity>
|
||
number. Antenna with terminal flagellomere as long as or slightly longer than preceding 2 flagellomeres together; AR 0.22–0.27. Clypeus with 19–25 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (in μm) 25– 33 (29), 50–60 (54), 100–118 (106), 108–130 (122), 208–230 (223); Pm4 1.1–1.3 times as long as Pm3; Pm5 1.8–1.9 times as long as Pm4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDFA5C03B1FA4F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDFA5C0057FA6B" box="[197,278,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Aps
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79EAAFFD00F0DAA40FA5C00DEFA6B" box="[344,415,1411,1435]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 in</quantity>
|
||
number, Ac 31–34, Dc 23–36 including 1–2 Prs, H 13–18, Pa 10–16, Su 1. Scts composed of 15–18 short anterior and 9–14 long posterior setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDFA130546FA13" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2011]" box="[197,1031,1483,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDFA1301BCFA13" box="[197,253,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
. Length 1.8–2.0 (1.9) mm. Squama with 17–26 setae; VR 0.81–0.87.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDFA2F01B0F983" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDFA2F01BBF9F7" box="[197,250,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Spur of foretibia 43–53 (47) μm long with 3 or 4 lateral teeth; spurs of midtibia 60–65 (61) and 28–40 (31) μm long, each with 3 lateral teeth; spurs of hind tibia 63–75 (69) and 25–33 (28) μm long, with 3–4 and 2–3 lateral teeth, respectively; hind tibial comb consisting of 5–6 spines. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDF9A005DCF94B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDF9A0006EF967" box="[197,303,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13342FCAFFD00F0DAA25F9A000C3F967" box="[317,386,1663,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1968,1991]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,855,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1947]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Paramerina yunouresia (Sasa), male (1 – 3) and female (4). 1, Thorax, showing marking pattern, dorsal view; 2, wing; 3, hypopygium, dorsal view; 4, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205927/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labium with fine setae. Notum 95–115 (108) μm long. Seminal capsule oval, 60–80 (69, n = 3) μm long and 55–73 (63, n = 3) μm wide. Segment X with 10–14 short setae on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDF918038FF92F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2011]" box="[197,718,1735,1759]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDF9180042F92F" bold="true" box="[197,259,1735,1759]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 14). Body length 3.0–3.6 (3.3) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDF934030DF8D7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDF9340001F8F3" box="[197,320,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Exuviae generally light brown. Abdomen light brown with dark scar and apophyses; posterolateral parts of tergite III–VI extensively pale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD00F0DABDDF8EC018BF82B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1081,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD00F0DABDDF8EC002CF8BB" box="[197,365,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cephalothorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Thoracic horn (Fig. 5a, b) 203–235 (218) μm long, and 4.2–5.0 times as long as broad; corona 80–95 (86) μm long, oval, occupying apical 0.36–0.44 of horn. Plastron plate 33–40 (35) μm long, 0.36–0.50 times as long as corona, and 3.3–5.3 times as long as width of its neck. Respiratory atrium irregularly alveolar, more or less rugged on surface, with distinct apical diverticulum. Thoracic comb composed of 6–8 apically rounded tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD70F0AAB8FF8C7009DF83A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1816,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD70F0AAB8FF8C7000BF8DE" bold="true" box="[151,330,1816,1839]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 5–14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD70F0AAA4CF8C503D0F8DF" authority="Sasa" authorityName="Sasa" box="[340,657,1817,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD70F0AAA4CF8C50306F8DF" box="[340,583,1818,1839]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paramerina yunouresia</emphasis>
|
||
(Sasa)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pupa (5–8) and larva (9–14). 5a, b, Thoracic horn, showing variation; 6, abdominal segments VII–IX, dorsal view, left lateral setae omitted; 7, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal tergite IV; 8, shagreen on posteromedial part of abdominal sternite II; 9, arrangement of ventral cephalic setae and sensory pore; 10, antenna; 11, mandible, seta subdentalis and ventrolateral setae omitted; 12, maxillary palp with apical stylets; 13, ligula and paraligula; 14, medium- and small-sized claws of posterior parapod. Abbreviations: S9, 10, cephalic setae 9, 10; SSm, seta submenti; VP, ventral sensory pore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD60F0BABDDFF470439FE99" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BABDDFF47006EFF40" box="[197,303,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 6). Shagreen consisting of weak and sparse spinules on tergites and sternites (Fig. 7), except sternite II with somewhat strong shagreen (Fig. 8). Segment VII with 4 LS-setae and 1 L-seta on each side; LS1- seta positioned 0.38–0.43 from anterior margin of segment. Segment VIII with 5 LS-setae on each side; LS1-seta positioned 0.24–0.30 from anterior margin of segment. Anal lobe 310–365 (339) μm long, 3.0–3.6 times as long as wide, with 13–23 infuscated spines along outer boarder; anterior and posterior anal macrosetae located respectively 0.40–0.45 and 0.55–0.60 from anterior margin of anal lobe. Male genital sac 1.1–1.2 times as long as anal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD60F0BABDDFEA9023FFE7D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2026]" box="[197,894,373,398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BABDDFEA900EAFE7E" bold="true" box="[197,427,373,398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fourth instar larva</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 6). Body length about 5 (n = 1) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD60F0BABDDFE460405FE41" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2026]" box="[197,1348,409,433]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BABDDFE460001FE41" box="[197,320,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Head somewhat infuscate along brown postoccipital margin, and body reddish when alive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD60F0BABDDFE6100AFFC26" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BABDDFE610040FE26" box="[197,257,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Length 535–606 (566, n = 4) μm; cephalic index 0.53–0.56. All cephalic setae thin and weak, these structures unknown. Dorsal cephalic seta S8 posteromedial to S7, and anterolateral to S5; dorsal sensory pore absent. Ventral sensory pore directly posterior to S9, posterolateral to S10, and these setae and sensory pore all anterolateral to SSm; S9, S10 and SSm located almost in line (Fig. 9). Antenna (Fig. 10) 0.49–0.53 times as long as head capsule; lengths of first to fourth segments (in μm) 200–205 (203, n = 3), 65–68 (67, n = 3), 5 (5, n = 3) and 4–5 (4, n = 3); AR 2.6–2.8. First segment 10.0–10.8 times as long as its basal width, with ring organ positioned 0.58–0.60 from base; blade 73–80 (76, n = 3) μm long, reaching middle of segment 4; accessory blade almost as long as blade. Second segment 9.6–10.8 times as long as its basal width; style 8 (n = 1) μm long, reaching middle of segment 4; peg sensillum 4 (n = 2) μm long. Mandible (Fig. 11) 83–88 (84, n = 3) μm long, 0.29–0.31 times as long as antenna, with apical tooth 2.5–2.7 times as long as basal width. Basal segment of maxillary palp (Fig. 12) subdivided into 2 parts, 38–40 (39, n = 4) μm in total length, and 3.9–4.2 times as long as its basal width; apical part 2.8–3.3 times as long as basal part. Ligula (Fig. 13) 73–78 (75, n = 3) μm long, 1.9–2.1 times as long as its toothed width, with granulose area occupying basal 0.19–0.24; median tooth 1.7–1.8 times as long as wide. Paraligula 33–35 (33, n = 3) μm long with fork positioned 0.49–0.61 from base; outer spine 3.3–3.7 times as long as inner spine. Pecten hypopharyngis with row of 11–16 teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD60F0BABDDFC3D00D7FBB2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BABDDFC3D01BCFC0A" box="[197,253,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Body</emphasis>
|
||
. Procercus 3.7 times as long as wide, with 7 anal setae. Posterior parapod with 16 pale brown claws; one medium-sized claw somewhat darker than others; small claws simple, and larger claws serrated along inner and/or outer margin (Fig. 14).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31560C4FFD60F08ABDDFB9103B3FCE4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD60F0BABDDFB9101A8FA92" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BABDDFB910078FB96" bold="true" box="[197,313,1102,1126]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD60F0BAA59FB910086FB96" author="Sasa" box="[321,455,1102,1126]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Sasa, M. (1989) Chironomidae of Japan: Checklist of species recorded, key to males and taxonomic notes. Part 3. Taxonomic notes on some Japanese Chironomidae. Research Report from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, 125, 147 - 158." type="journal article" year="1989">Sasa (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD60F0BA95BFB91021EFB96" box="[579,863,1102,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BA95BFB91021EFB96" box="[579,863,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Krenopelopia yunouresia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of many male and female adults, and noted (p. 153), “Phallapodemes relatively long and apically hooked. Gonocoxite roughly egg-shaped, with a setigerous pad at the base.” These features, however, do not fit those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD60F0BA884FB490574FB5E" box="[924,1077,1174,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BA884FB490574FB5E" box="[924,1077,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Krenopelopia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of which hypopygium has neither distinct phallapodeme nor setigerous pad, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD60F0BA84EFB64053EFB22" author="Murray" box="[854,1151,1210,1235]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Murray, D. A. & Fittkau, E. J. (1989) The adult males of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement, 34, 37 - 123." type="journal article" year="1989">Murray & Fittkau (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Re-examinations of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD60F0BAB8FFB0101B8FB06" box="[151,249,1246,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD60F0BAA37FB0000CEFB07" box="[303,399,1247,1271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
males have shown that he had mistaken the basal field of short setae on the gonocoxite for a setigerous pad, and that the species has a conspicuously elongated main tooth in the inner midtibial spur, and abdominal tergite IX without setae. The species belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD60F0BA857FAF80297FACE" box="[847,982,1319,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BA857FAF80297FACE" box="[847,982,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paramerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as pointed out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD60F0BAFA6FAF901A4FA92" author="Kobayashi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Kobayashi, T. & Endo, K. (2008) Synonymic notes on some species of Chironomidae (Diptera) described by Dr. M. Sasa. Zootaxa, 1712, 49 - 64." type="journal article" year="2008">Kobayashi & Endo (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD60F0BABDDFAB10503F91E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD60F0BABDDFAB100A6FA76" box="[197,487,1390,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaminova">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BABDDFAB100A6FA76" box="[197,487,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Krenopelopia amaminova</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described on the basis of many male and female adults. The author (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD60F0BAE38FAB10183FA5A" author="Sasa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Sasa, M. (1990) Studies on the chironomid midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) of the Nansei Islands, southern Japan. Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine, 60, 111 - 165." type="journal article" year="1990">Sasa 1990: 139</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) wrote concerning the wing vein C, “It ends distinctly proximal to tip of M in the present species.” He illustrated the male hypopygium with distinct phallapodemes and bare abdominal tergite IX in the original description (see his fig. 26 j). Also the species belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD60F0BA9B3FA040273FA02" box="[683,818,1499,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BA9B3FA040273FA02" box="[683,818,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paramerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of these features and the inner midtibial spur with a very long main tooth (see his fig. 26f). Further, he (p. 139) wrote regarding his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD60F0BAF8CFA20047BF9E6" box="[1172,1338,1535,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaminova">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BAF8CFA20047BF9E6" box="[1172,1338,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">K. amaminova</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that the abdominal tergite II has a transverse brownish yellow band, and the tergite V is pale, and that the antennal ratio varies from 1.09 to 1.32. A re-examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD60F0BA9BAF9990245F9AE" box="[674,772,1606,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has shown that the male has somewhat great value (1.3) of antennal ratio, four brown vittae on the scutum, and anterior dark bands on the abdominal tergites II–VIII. The species is conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD60F0BAAB3F9500305F956" box="[427,580,1679,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BAAB3F9500305F956" box="[427,580,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. yunouresia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the other hand, re-examinations of seventeen
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD60F0BAF91F95005ABF957" box="[1161,1258,1679,1703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
males revealed that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD60F0BABEBF96C0012F93B" box="[243,339,1715,1739]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
series contains at least two specimens (No. 179: 64 and 66) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD60F0BAF3FF96C05EBF93A" box="[1063,1194,1714,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Monopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="okigenga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BAF3FF96C05EBF93A" box="[1063,1194,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. okigenga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of which abdominal tergites II and V are pale, and values of antennal ratio are relatively low, almost 1.0.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD60F0BABDDF924046AF88E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD60F0BABDDF9240099F8E2" box="[197,472,1786,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tokararesea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BABDDF9240099F8E2" box="[197,472,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paramerina tokararesea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD60F0BA9BCF92502D9F8E2" author="Sasa" box="[676,920,1786,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Sasa, M. & Suzuki, H. (1995) The chironomid species collected on the Tokara Islands, Kagoshima (Diptera). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 46, 255 - 288." type="journal article" year="1995">Sasa & Suzuki (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on the basis of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD60F0BAF76F9250591F8E2" box="[1134,1232,1786,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male. The male is characterized by the abdominal tergites II–VIII each with a broad brown band. A re-examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B48DEDFFD60F0BAE22F8C104DDF8C6" box="[1338,1436,1822,1846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has shown that the male has four brown vittae on the scutum, and the value of antennal ratio is 1.23, somewhat greater than that (1.12) in the original description. Also the species is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD60F0BAF95F8B80462F88E" box="[1165,1315,1895,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BAF95F8B80462F88E" box="[1165,1315,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. yunouresia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD60F08ABDDF85503BDFECF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2026]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,788]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Kobayashi & Endo treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD60F0BAAECF85403CBF852" box="[500,650,1931,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BAAECF85403CBF852" box="[500,650,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. yunouresia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of the European species
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BAF9FF85405A0F852" box="[1159,1249,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. d i v i s a</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker). However, the species is distinct from
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD60F0BA910F8700322F836" box="[520,611,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. d i v i s a</emphasis>
|
||
in the male abdominal tergites II and V each with an anterior dark band; the pupal thoracic horn with a relatively large plastron plate and an alveolar-type respiratory atrium, the pupal abdominal segment VII with four pairs of LS-setae; and the uni-colored larval head capsule. While
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD50F08AE06FF46043AFF40" box="[1310,1403,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. d i v i s a</emphasis>
|
||
is characterized by the entirely pale male abdominal tergites II and V (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD50F08A892FF63051FFF24" author="Goetghebuer" box="[906,1118,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Goetghebuer, M. (1936) Tendipedidae (Chironomidae). a) Subfamily Pelopiinae (Tanypodinae). A. Die Imagines. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.) Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 13 b. E. Schweizertbart'sche verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1936">Goetghebuer 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD50F08AF70FF6305B8FF24" author="Fittkau" box="[1128,1273,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Fittkau, E. J. (1962) Die Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Die Tribus Anatopyniini, Macropelopiini und Pentaneurini. Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 6, 1 - 453." type="journal article" year="1962">Fittkau 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD50F08AE1BFF6304CEFF24" author="Pinder" box="[1283,1423,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Pinder, L. C. V. (1978) A key to the adult males of the British Chironomidae (Diptera), the non-biting midges. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication, 37, 169 pp. + 189 figs." type="book" year="1978">Pinder 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the pupal thoracic horn with a small plastron plate and a respiratory atrium smoothed on surface, the pupal abdominal segment with three pairs of LS-setae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD50F08A975FEDB02E8FEEC" author="Zavrel" box="[621,937,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Zavrel, J. & Thienemann, A. (1921) Die Metamorphose der Tanypinen. Archiv fur Hydrobiolie, Supplement Band, 2, 655 - 784." type="journal article" year="1921">Zavȓel & Thienemann 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD50F08A8ACFEDB0505FEEC" author="Fittkau" box="[948,1092,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Fittkau, E. J. (1962) Die Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Die Tribus Anatopyniini, Macropelopiini und Pentaneurini. Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 6, 1 - 453." type="journal article" year="1962">Fittkau 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD50F08AF57FEDA05AEFEEC" author="Langton" box="[1103,1263,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Langton, P. H. (1984) A key to pupal exuviae of British Chironomidae. Private publication, March, Cambridgeshire, 324 pp." type="book" year="1984">Langton 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and the bicolored larval head capsule (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD50F08AAADFEF803AEFECF" author="Rieradevall" box="[437,751,295,319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Rieradevall, M. & Brooks, S. J. (2001) An identification guide to subfossil Tanypodinae larvae (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) based on cephalic setation. Journal of Paleolimnology, 25, 81 - 99." type="journal article" year="2001">Rieradevall & Brooks 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD50F08ABDDFE93031CFE04" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD50F08AA4FFE9200AEFE94" box="[343,495,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD50F08AA4FFE9200AEFE94" box="[343,495,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. yunouresia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most resembles that of the North African species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD50F08AF34FE9205BFFE94" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" box="[1068,1278,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaillanti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD50F08AF34FE9205E6FE94" box="[1068,1191,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. vaillanti</emphasis>
|
||
Fittkau
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the yellow abdominal tergites II–VIII each with an anterior dark band, the wing without any marking, the great value of the middle leg ratio (more than 0.9) and the abdominal tergite IX without setae, but differs from it in the abdominal tergite IX distinctly sticking out of the tergite VIII. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD50F08A9E8FE660229FE20" box="[752,872,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaillanti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD50F08A9E8FE660229FE20" box="[752,872,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. vaillanti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the abdominal tergite IX is widely covered by the tergite VIII, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD50F08AAADFE030318FE04" author="Fittkau" box="[437,601,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Fittkau, E. J. (1962) Die Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Die Tribus Anatopyniini, Macropelopiini und Pentaneurini. Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 6, 1 - 453." type="journal article" year="1962">Fittkau (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0334FFFD50F08ABDDFE2003B3FCE4" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Also the male of the North American species
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD50F08A9A7FDDE026CFDE8" box="[703,813,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. s m i th ae</emphasis>
|
||
(Sublette) is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD50F08AF9BFDDE0459FDE8" box="[1155,1304,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD50F08AF9BFDDE0459FDE8" box="[1155,1304,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. yunouresia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the body size (about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF79EAAFFD50F08AA02FDFB001DFDCC" box="[282,348,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the wing length) and the abdominal color pattern, but separable from it by the foretibial spur with a relatively short main tooth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD50F08A901FD9803F2FDAF" author="Roback" box="[537,691,583,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Roback, S. S. (1971) The adults of the subfamily Tanypodinae (= Pelopiinae) in North America (Diptera: Chironomidae). Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 17, 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="1971">Roback 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Differences between both the species are more distinct in the larval and pupal stages. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD50F08A930FDB30393FD74" author="Roback" box="[552,722,620,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Roback, S. S. (1972) The immature stages of Paramerina smithae (Sublette) (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 124, 11 - 15." type="journal article" year="1972">Roback (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD50F08A9C7FDB2020EFD74" box="[735,847,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. s m i t h a e</emphasis>
|
||
has one pectinate and two bifid claws on the larval posterior parapod, and a relatively smooth respiratory atrium surface in the pupal thoracic horn. In contrast, the larval posterior parapod of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD50F08AAB0FD6A037FFD3C" box="[424,574,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunouresia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD50F08AAB0FD6A037FFD3C" box="[424,574,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. yunouresia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses neither pectinate nor bifid claw, and the pupal thoracic horn has an irregular alveolar-type respiratory atrium surface, which is somewhat similar in appearance to one found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F48CCFFD50F08AE4BFD0600F3FCE4" authority="Goetghebuer" authorityName="Goetghebuer" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Larsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrocincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BEF5DFFD50F08AE4BFD060048FCE4" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Larsia atrocincta</emphasis>
|
||
(Goetghebuer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E4EBEFFD50F08AAF6FD23033EFCE4" author="Fittkau" box="[494,639,764,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Fittkau, E. J. (1962) Die Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Die Tribus Anatopyniini, Macropelopiini und Pentaneurini. Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 6, 1 - 453." type="journal article" year="1962">Fittkau 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 291).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |