451 lines
56 KiB
XML
451 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="3D040FA5FFEC1E54122FDA3DA16E10E1" ID-CLB-Dataset="24264" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4728.3.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a221e7cc-6002-4874-990a-663ebca2b503" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3626476" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579849979008" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhang, Shuqian, Zhang, Suping & Chen, Hao" docDate="2020" docId="038EDA5AFFADFFE7FF5A63291B0D1957" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4728.3.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4728 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Enigmaticolus inflatus Zhang & Zhang & Chen 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="389" masterDocId="FFB7A222FFADFFE3FFCD66161E041B4D" masterDocTitle="Enigmaticolus inflatus sp. nov., a new buccinid species from a methane seep area in the South China Sea (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda)" masterLastPageNumber="389" masterPageNumber="385" pageNumber="385" updateTime="1698778725353" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="CD3EF0EC114A005CF050D14C712D9861">Enigmaticolus inflatus sp. nov., a new buccinid species from a methane seep area in the South China Sea (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8DCCC4613A521691367171042F57686A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D7375EE88F753399395343E4C56EFDA5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B1DF3C021A5F07C0D42E805D891CDFC7">Zhang, Shuqian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0427E038C3FC64B8F477D3FEB63FFFEA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FF0D6316200AD21707DC5D7825181BDC">Zhang, Suping</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5E5DFF9707CF59CFECD82DE7806746F6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F8A2B65E5314F5A0AB4C87AE1395E601">Chen, Hao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B1B7BED645C856E5CDC8965B8BB08AC2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4DF7E72572301CC39A4C7E564BA9A2B1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A5EDDC4CBE85D384843A172A2F4DBE69">
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<mods:date id="B111114A696486A8E895FD383BAF01E2">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4AFE4BDBF1A1A57455415442A55D7501">2020-01-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DB54F5C907327F545AF5A3095819EA05">4728</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9E5D95273FE69995CEDD63EF7EF41B1F">3</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038EDA5AFFADFFE7FF5A63291B0D1957" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161838319" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038EDA5AFFADFFE7FF5A63291B0D1957" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038EDA5AFFADFFE7FF5A63291B0D1957" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">
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<subSubSection id="C33D38C7FFADFFE3FF5A63291CB91E14" box="[151,701,1343,1370]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFADFFE3FF5A63291CB91E14" blockId="0.[151,1437,1343,2017]" box="[151,701,1343,1370]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">
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<heading id="D0D0DC20FFADFFE3FF5A63291CB91E14" bold="true" box="[151,701,1343,1370]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B953B75EFFADFFE3FF5A63291CB91E14" bold="true" box="[151,701,1343,1370]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFADFFE3FF5A63291FA81E17" authority="Zhang & Zhang & Chen, 2020" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,428,1343,1370]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B953B75EFFADFFE3FF5A63291FA81E17" bold="true" box="[151,428,1343,1370]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">Enigmaticolus inflatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2600A25FFADFFE3FE7E63291C141E14" box="[435,528,1343,1369]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="131C77C9FFADFFE3FDED63291C921E14" box="[544,662,1343,1369]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,301,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[166,1421,301,1667]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Enigmaticolus inflatus sp. nov. A–C. holotype MBM 286512, 79.2 mm; D. paratype MBM 286513, 83.3 mm; E. Radula of holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626480/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131C77C9FFADFFE3FD6963291CB01E14" box="[676,692,1343,1369]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1484,1506]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1463]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,175,1463]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Soft parts of Enigmaticolus inflatus sp. nov., holotype MBM 286512. A. Right view, B. left view, and C. apical view of the head-foot; D. Dorsal view of the proboscis. Abbreviations. (cep.t) cephalic tentacle; (cm) columellar muscle; (ct) ctenidium; (e) eye; (f) foot; (me) mantle edge; (os) osphradium; (p) penis; (pg) pedal gland; (pr) proboscis; (prr) proboscis retractors; (rm) retractor muscle; (s) siphon; (sp) seminal papilla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626482/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">2</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D38C7FFADFFE3FF5A63731B241D34" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFADFFE3FF5A63731EE91E88" blockId="0.[151,1437,1343,2017]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">
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<emphasis id="B953B75EFFADFFE3FF5A63731F551E31" bold="true" box="[151,337,1380,1405]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">Type specimens.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B4F6111FFADFFE3FE9463731ED41EEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2558273939" collectingDate="2018-08" collectionCode="MBM" elevation="1119" latitude="22.116667" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="119.28333" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" specimenCode="MBM 286512" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="549CD5EEFFADFFE3FE9463731FB81E30" box="[345,444,1381,1405]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCode id="DB81C337FFADFFE3FE0963731C641E31" box="[452,608,1380,1404]" collectionCode="MBM" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">MBM 286512</specimenCode>
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, height:
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<quantity id="4CDFC6A9FFADFFE3FD7063731D241E31" box="[701,800,1381,1405]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.92" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="79.2">79.2 mm</quantity>
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, width:
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<quantity id="4CDFC6A9FFADFFE3FCB563721DDE1E31" box="[888,986,1380,1404]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.64" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="46.4">46.4 mm</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE130D8BFFADFFE3FC2B63751A3B1E30" box="[998,1087,1379,1405]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" precision="925" value="22.116667">22°07′N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE130D8BFFADFFE3FB8A63751AA81E30" box="[1095,1196,1379,1405]" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" precision="925" value="119.28333">119°17′E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CDFC6A9FFADFFE3FB7563731B0C1E31" box="[1208,1288,1381,1405]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.119" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" unit="m" value="1119.0">
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<elevation id="000A8C7FFFADFFE3FB7563731B0C1E31" box="[1208,1288,1381,1405]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.119" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" unit="m" value="1119.0">1119 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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deep,
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||
<date id="FF994D8CFFADFFE3FA8263731ED41EEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" value="2018-08">
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<collectingDate id="EFDDB464FFADFFE3FA8263731ED41EEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" value="2018-08">August 2018</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F6111FFADFFE3FF11639F1EED1E88" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2558273941" collectionCode="MBM" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" specimenCode="MBM286513" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<typeStatus id="549CD5EEFFADFFE3FF11639F1F3D1EEC" box="[220,313,1417,1441]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
<specimenCode id="DB81C337FFADFFE3FE8C639E1FD11EED" box="[321,469,1416,1440]" collectionCode="MBM" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">MBM286513</specimenCode>
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||
, one specimen, height:
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||
<quantity id="4CDFC6A9FFADFFE3FD19639F1D331EED" box="[724,823,1417,1441]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.33" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="83.3">83.3 mm</quantity>
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, width: 50.0 mm, collected with the
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<typeStatus id="549CD5EEFFADFFE3FB0B639F1B271EEC" box="[1222,1315,1417,1441]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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at the type locality
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFADFFE3FF0A63C71D201D40" blockId="0.[151,1437,1343,2017]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">
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Both
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<typeStatus id="549CD5EEFFADFFE3FECC63C71F2B1EA4" box="[257,303,1489,1513]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">type</typeStatus>
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specimens were fixed in 99.5% ethanol with soft parts, and deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of Chinese Academy of Sciences (
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<collectionCode id="ED36F389FFADFFE3FE2A63E31C661D40" box="[487,610,1525,1549]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">MBMCAS</collectionCode>
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), Qingdao,
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<collectingCountry id="F3302BDCFFADFFE3FD1063E31D241D40" box="[733,800,1525,1549]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFADFFE3FF0A600F1B241D34" blockId="0.[151,1437,1343,2017]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">
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||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFADFFE3FF0A600F1F591D7D" bold="true" box="[199,349,1560,1585]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">
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||
<typeStatus id="549CD5EEFFADFFE3FF0A600F1EFB1D7C" box="[199,255,1561,1585]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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A deep-sea methane seep site in South
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<collectingCountry id="F3302BDCFFADFFE3FD31600F1D381D7C" box="[764,828,1561,1585]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">China</collectingCountry>
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Sea (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE130D8BFFADFFE3FCB860011DD41D7C" box="[885,976,1559,1585]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" precision="925" value="22.116667">22°07′N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE130D8BFFADFFE3FC1B60011A3F1D7C" box="[982,1083,1559,1585]" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" precision="925" value="119.28333">119°17′E</geoCoordinate>
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), at a depth of
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<quantity id="4CDFC6A9FFADFFE3FB1B600F1B231D7D" box="[1238,1319,1561,1585]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.119" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" unit="m" value="1119.0">1119 m</quantity>
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. The entire seep field is dominantly colonized by
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<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFADFFE3FDF9602B1AFA1D18" authority="Hashimoto & Okutani, 1994" authorityName="Hashimoto & Okutani" authorityYear="1994" box="[564,1278,1597,1621]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="platifrons">
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<emphasis id="B953B75EFFADFFE3FDF9602B1D471D18" box="[564,835,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">Bathymodiolus platifrons</emphasis>
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Hashimoto & Okutani, 1994 (Mytilidae)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B953B75EFFADFFE3FAF8602B1EF21D35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">Shinkaria crosnieri</emphasis>
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Baba & Williams, 1998 (
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<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFADFFE3FDCA60771CA71D34" authorityName="Ortmann" authorityYear="1898" box="[519,675,1633,1657]" class="Malacostraca" family="Munidopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Munidopsidae</taxonomicName>
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) associated with polynoid worms, gastropods, and shrimps.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D38C7FFADFFE3FF0A60931D771DD0" box="[199,883,1669,1693]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFADFFE3FF0A60931D771DD0" blockId="0.[151,1437,1343,2017]" box="[199,883,1669,1693]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">
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<emphasis id="B953B75EFFADFFE3FF0A60931F4C1DD0" bold="true" box="[199,328,1669,1693]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The name refers to its remarkable inflation of shell.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D38C7FFADFFE2FF0A60BE1AFE1CBE" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFADFFE3FF0A60BE1F451CF0" blockId="0.[151,1437,1343,2017]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">
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<emphasis id="B953B75EFFADFFE3FF0A60BE1F561D8D" bold="true" box="[199,338,1704,1728]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">Description.</emphasis>
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Shell (
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||
<figureCitation id="131C77C9FFADFFE3FE6F60BF1FE01D8C" box="[418,484,1705,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,301,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[166,1421,301,1667]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Enigmaticolus inflatus sp. nov. A–C. holotype MBM 286512, 79.2 mm; D. paratype MBM 286513, 83.3 mm; E. Radula of holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626480/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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A–D) medium-sized for genus (length to
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<quantity id="4CDFC6A9FFADFFE3FC7D60BF1A101D8C" box="[944,1044,1705,1729]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.33" pageId="0" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="83.3">83.3 mm</quantity>
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), ovate-conic, thick. Colour reddish brown. Periostracum adherent, thin, dark brown in colour. Spire small, relatively low, the last whorl large. Siphonal canal short, broad, open, anterior end with a prominent incision. Protoconch and upper whorls lost, with only last four whorls remaining. Suture narrow, deep. Teleoconch whorl roundly inflated, subsutural area slightly constricted. Spiral sculpture with fine, indistinct trace of grooves, becoming slightly developed on shell base; axial sculpture limited to some weakly recurved growth lines. Aperture large, ovate, inner surface shining pinkish brown, outer lip not thickened; columellar lip strongly callused. Callus raised and slightly reflected, forming a chink between columellar lip and the last whorl. Fasciole well developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFADFFE3FF0A61DF1D7B1CAC" blockId="0.[151,1437,1343,2017]" box="[199,895,1993,2017]" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">
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Operculum (
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<figureCitation id="131C77C9FFADFFE3FE8061DF1F9F1CAC" box="[333,411,1993,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,301,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[166,1421,301,1667]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Enigmaticolus inflatus sp. nov. A–C. holotype MBM 286512, 79.2 mm; D. paratype MBM 286513, 83.3 mm; E. Radula of holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626480/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="385">Fig 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Corneous, elongately ovate, nucleus apical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFACFFE2FF0A668C1F331A50" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="386">
|
||
Radula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C77C9FFACFFE2FEEC668C1F691BFF" box="[289,365,154,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,301,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[166,1421,301,1667]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Enigmaticolus inflatus sp. nov. A–C. holotype MBM 286512, 79.2 mm; D. paratype MBM 286513, 83.3 mm; E. Radula of holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626480/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="386">Fig 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rachidian teeth with three cusps. Two lateral cusps slightly stronger than the middle one, elevated from basal plate, forming a narrow concavity. The rightmost cusp with a small secondary cusp. Basal plate roughly rectangular, strongly concave along anterior edge. Lateral teeth with two strong cusps, outer one longer, but slightly thinner than inner one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF583BC4FFACFFE2FF5A608E1F081D9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3626480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626480/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="386" startId="1.[151,244,1688,1710]" targetBox="[166,1421,301,1667]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFACFFE2FF5A608E1F081D9F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1688,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFACFFE2FF5A608E1F031DE0" bold="true" box="[151,263,1688,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="386">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFACFFE2FEDE608E1FEF1DE0" authority="Zhang & Zhang & Chen, 2020" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" box="[275,491,1688,1709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="386" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFACFFE2FEDE608E1FEF1DE0" box="[275,491,1688,1709]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="386">Enigmaticolus inflatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFACFFE2FE3C608F1C7D1DE3" bold="true" box="[497,633,1688,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2600A25FFACFFE2FE3C608F1C3A1DE3" box="[497,574,1689,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="386" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A–C.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype MBM 286512, 79.2 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFACFFE2FC02608F1DE31DE3" bold="true" box="[975,999,1689,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="386">D.</emphasis>
|
||
paratype MBM 286513, 83.3 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFACFFE2FAF1608F1B571DE3" bold="true" box="[1340,1363,1689,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="386">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Radula of holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFACFFE2FF0A61151AFE1CBE" blockId="1.[151,1436,1795,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="386">
|
||
Soft parts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C77C9FFACFFE2FEF061151F7D1C56" box="[317,377,1795,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1484,1506]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1463]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,175,1463]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Soft parts of Enigmaticolus inflatus sp. nov., holotype MBM 286512. A. Right view, B. left view, and C. apical view of the head-foot; D. Dorsal view of the proboscis. Abbreviations. (cep.t) cephalic tentacle; (cm) columellar muscle; (ct) ctenidium; (e) eye; (f) foot; (me) mantle edge; (os) osphradium; (p) penis; (pg) pedal gland; (pr) proboscis; (prr) proboscis retractors; (rm) retractor muscle; (s) siphon; (sp) seminal papilla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626482/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="386">Fig 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Preserved animal whitish to yellowish in general. Foot large, fleshy, anterior end with opening of pedal gland. Head large, tentacles contracted, stout, cylindrical, with large black eyes near bases. Penis large, broad, laterally compressed, distal end truncated with a small, digitate seminal papilla. Mantle edge broadly thickened, with narrow, reddish brown patches along its margin. Ctenidium large, three times as wide as the osphradium, twice as long as osphradium. Siphon broad, short, muscular. Proboscis in inverted position folded into the rhynchocoel, nearly
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFC6A9FFACFFE2FB2B61851B351CE7" box="[1254,1329,1939,1963]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="386" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, thick-walled, occupying entire rhynchocoel. Proboscis retractor muscles numerous, arranged in two lateral symmetrical bundles. These retractor muscles attached the proboscis to roof, lateral and basal walls of rhynchodaeum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF583BC4FFAFFFE1FF5A63DA1C1E1D03" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3626482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626482/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" startId="2.[151,244,1484,1506]" targetBox="[151,1436,175,1463]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFAFFFE1FF5A63DA1C1E1D03" blockId="2.[151,1436,1484,1614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FF5A63DA1F091EAC" bold="true" box="[151,269,1484,1506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Soft parts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAFFFE1FE5F63DA1C6F1EAC" authority="Zhang & Zhang & Chen, 2020" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" box="[402,619,1484,1505]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FE5F63DA1C6F1EAC" box="[402,619,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">Enigmaticolus inflatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FDBF63DA1CBB1EAC" bold="true" box="[626,703,1484,1505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2600A25FFAFFFE1FDBF63DA1CBB1EAC" box="[626,703,1484,1505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype MBM 286512.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FC7163DA1DD01EAC" bold="true" box="[956,980,1484,1505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Right view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FB8263DA1A621EAC" bold="true" box="[1103,1126,1484,1505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">B.</emphasis>
|
||
left view, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FB3863DA1B091EAF" bold="true" box="[1269,1293,1484,1506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">C.</emphasis>
|
||
apical view of the head-foot;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FEEB63E61F391D48" bold="true" box="[294,317,1520,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of the proboscis.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FDA763E61CF41D48" box="[618,752,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FD3063E61D3A1D4B" bold="true" box="[765,830,1520,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(cep.t)</emphasis>
|
||
cephalic tentacle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FC3963E61A271D4B" bold="true" box="[1012,1059,1520,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(cm)</emphasis>
|
||
columellar muscle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FB2763E61B081D4B" bold="true" box="[1258,1292,1520,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(ct)</emphasis>
|
||
ctenidium;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FA4F63E61B981D4B" bold="true" box="[1410,1436,1520,1542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(e)</emphasis>
|
||
eye;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FF0860021ED91D67" bold="true" box="[197,221,1556,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(f)</emphasis>
|
||
foot;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FEDB60021F401D67" bold="true" box="[278,324,1556,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(me)</emphasis>
|
||
mantle edge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FE0660021FF41D67" bold="true" box="[459,496,1556,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(os)</emphasis>
|
||
osphradium;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FDBE60021C941D67" bold="true" box="[627,656,1556,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(p)</emphasis>
|
||
penis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FD1860021CFB1D67" bold="true" box="[725,767,1556,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(pg)</emphasis>
|
||
pedal gland;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FC4D60021DAC1D67" bold="true" box="[896,936,1556,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(pr)</emphasis>
|
||
proboscis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FBDB60021A4C1D67" bold="true" box="[1046,1096,1556,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(prr)</emphasis>
|
||
proboscis retractors;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FADA60021B411D67" bold="true" box="[1303,1349,1556,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(rm)</emphasis>
|
||
retractor muscle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FF25602E1F051D03" bold="true" box="[232,257,1592,1614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(s)</emphasis>
|
||
siphon;
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FE99602E1F7E1D03" bold="true" box="[340,378,1592,1614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">(sp)</emphasis>
|
||
seminal papilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D38C7FFAFFFE7FF0A60691B0D1957" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFAFFFE1FF0A60691FE31C6B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1662,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FF0A60691F321DDA" bold="true" box="[199,310,1663,1687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on shell morphology and molecular information from COI, the new species can clearly be assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAFFFE1FED160B51FB21DF6" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[284,438,1699,1723]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FED160B51FB21DF6" box="[284,438,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">Enigmaticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To date, the genus includes three species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAFFFE1FCB160B51B261DF6" authority="Fraussen, 2008" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[892,1314,1699,1723]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monnieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FCB160B51A781DF7" box="[892,1148,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">Enigmaticolus monnieri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB616BDFFAFFFE1FB4F60B51B261DF6" author="Fraussen, K." box="[1154,1314,1699,1723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" pagination="74 - 82" refId="ref1926" refString="Fraussen, K. (2008) Enigmaticolus, a new genus of deep water buccinids (Gastropoda: Buccinidae), with description of a new species from Madagascar. Gloria Maris, 46, 74 - 82." type="journal article" year="2008">Fraussen, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from western Indian Ocean (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3302BDCFFAFFFE1FE9660D01FEE1D93" box="[347,490,1734,1758]" name="Mozambique" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
Channel),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAFFFE1FD9360D11A311D93" authority="Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2016" authorityName="Fraussen & Stahlschmidt" authorityYear="2016" box="[606,1077,1734,1759]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marshalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FD9360D11CE61D92" box="[606,738,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">E. marshalli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB616BDFFAFFFE1FD2560D11A311D93" author="Fraussen, K. & Stahlschmidt, P." box="[744,1077,1734,1759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" pagination="363 - 456" refId="ref1966" refString="Fraussen, K. & Stahlschmidt, P. (2016) The extensive Indo-Pacific deep-water radiation of Manaria E. A. Smith, 1906 (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) and related genera, with descriptions of 21 new species. In: Heros, V., Strong, E. & Bouchet, P. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos. Vol. 29. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, pp. 363 - 456." type="book chapter" year="2016">Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kermadec Ridge,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3302BDCFFAFFFE1FAC860D11B911D93" box="[1285,1429,1734,1758]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAFFFE1FF0A60FD1CC41C4F" authority="Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2016" authorityName="Fraussen & Stahlschmidt" authorityYear="2016" box="[199,704,1770,1795]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="voluptarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FF0A60FD1F641C4E" box="[199,352,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">E. voluptarius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB616BDFFAFFFE1FEA760FD1CC41C4F" author="Fraussen, K. & Stahlschmidt, P." box="[362,704,1770,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" pagination="363 - 456" refId="ref1966" refString="Fraussen, K. & Stahlschmidt, P. (2016) The extensive Indo-Pacific deep-water radiation of Manaria E. A. Smith, 1906 (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) and related genera, with descriptions of 21 new species. In: Heros, V., Strong, E. & Bouchet, P. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos. Vol. 29. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, pp. 363 - 456." type="book chapter" year="2016">Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3302BDCFFAFFFE1FD1C60FD1D781C4F" box="[721,892,1770,1795]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) from the southwestern Pacific’), bathymetrically ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFC6A9FFAFFFE1FEE761191F691C6B" box="[298,365,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.04" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" unit="m" value="704.0">704 m</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFC6A9FFAFFFE1FE4261181FE71C6B" box="[399,483,1806,1830]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.026" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" unit="m" value="1026.0">1026 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFAFFFE0FF0A61251FCC1A53" blockId="2.[151,1437,1662,2011]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,154,610]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAFFFE1FF0A61251FBD1C06" authority="Zhang & Zhang & Chen, 2020" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,441,1843,1867]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FF0A61251FBD1C06" box="[199,441,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">Enigmaticolus inflatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FE0D61251C131C06" bold="true" box="[448,535,1843,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2600A25FFAFFFE1FE0D61251C131C06" box="[448,535,1843,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
most resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAFFFE1FD0161251AAD1C07" authority="Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2016" authorityName="Fraussen & Stahlschmidt" authorityYear="2016" box="[716,1193,1842,1867]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marshalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FD0161251D541C06" box="[716,848,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">E. marshalli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB616BDFFAFFFE1FC9561251AAD1C07" author="Fraussen, K. & Stahlschmidt, P." box="[856,1193,1842,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" pagination="363 - 456" refId="ref1966" refString="Fraussen, K. & Stahlschmidt, P. (2016) The extensive Indo-Pacific deep-water radiation of Manaria E. A. Smith, 1906 (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) and related genera, with descriptions of 21 new species. In: Heros, V., Strong, E. & Bouchet, P. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos. Vol. 29. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, pp. 363 - 456." type="book chapter" year="2016">
|
||
Fraussen & Stahlschmidt,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDFC6A9FFAFFFE1FBB961241AAD1C07" box="[1140,1193,1842,1866]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12064" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" unit="in" value="2016.0">2016</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in overall shell shape. From the new species, however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAFFFE1FE3B61411C7E1C22" authorityName="Fraussen & Stahlschmidt" authorityYear="2016" box="[502,634,1879,1903]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marshalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FE3B61411C7E1C22" box="[502,634,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">E. marshalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having a more slender shell with prominent spiral sculpture over the entire surface, narrow axial ribs on the subsutural slope, and a distinct subsutural concavity. Two undescribed species from East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3302BDCFFAFFFE1FEC561881F4C1CFB" box="[264,328,1950,1974]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea, reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAFFFE1FDCF61891C981CFA" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[514,668,1951,1975]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FDCF61891C981CFA" box="[514,668,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">Enigmaticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAFFFE1FCC161891DA21CFA" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[780,934,1951,1975]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FCC161891DA21CFA" box="[780,934,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">Enigmaticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2 by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB616BDFFAFFFE1FBC761891B621CFB" author="Fraussen, K. & Stahlschmidt, P." box="[1034,1382,1950,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" pagination="363 - 456" refId="ref1966" refString="Fraussen, K. & Stahlschmidt, P. (2016) The extensive Indo-Pacific deep-water radiation of Manaria E. A. Smith, 1906 (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) and related genera, with descriptions of 21 new species. In: Heros, V., Strong, E. & Bouchet, P. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos. Vol. 29. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, pp. 363 - 456." type="book chapter" year="2016">Fraussen & Stahlschmidt (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
may represent the geographically closest congeners to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAFFFE1FD7D61D51D1A1C96" authority="Zhang & Zhang & Chen, 2020" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" box="[688,798,1987,2011]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FD7D61D51D1A1C96" box="[688,798,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">E. inflatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FCEB61D51D791C96" bold="true" box="[806,893,1987,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2600A25FFAFFFE1FCEB61D51D791C96" box="[806,893,1987,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAFFFE1FC4961D51A1A1C96" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[900,1054,1987,2011]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="387" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAFFFE1FC4961D51A1A1C96" box="[900,1054,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="387">Enigmaticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1 somewhat resembles the new species in general shell shape, but differs in having a much more slender shell. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FBB5668D1AE31BFF" authority="Zhang & Zhang & Chen, 2020" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" box="[1144,1255,154,178]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FBB5668D1AE31BFF" box="[1144,1255,154,178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">E. inflatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FB22668C1B421BFF" bold="true" box="[1263,1350,154,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2600A25FFAEFFE0FB22668C1B421BFF" box="[1263,1350,154,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
may be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FEFE66A81D571B9B" authority="(Okutani & Ohta, 1993)" authorityName="Okutani & Ohta" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Okutani & Ohta" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[307,851,190,214]" class="Thermotogae" family="Thermotogaceae" genus="Thermosipho" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Thermotogales" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Thermotogae" rank="species" species="desbruyeresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FEFE66A81C491B9B" box="[307,589,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">Thermosipho desbruyeresi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB616BDFFAEFFE0FD9766A81D481B9B" author="Okutani, T. & Ohta, S." box="[602,844,190,214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" pagination="217 - 221" refId="ref2177" refString="Okutani, T. & Ohta, S. (1993) New buccinid and turrid gastropods from North Fiji and Lau basins. Venus, 52, 217 - 221." type="journal article" year="1993">Okutani & Ohta, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species from hydrothermal vents, in having a similar shell shape with reduced spiral sculpture.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FD9666F51CF91BB7" baseAuthorityName="Okutani & Ohta" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[603,765,226,250]" class="Thermotogae" family="Thermotogaceae" genus="Thermosipho" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Thermotogales" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Thermotogae" rank="species" species="desbruyeresi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FD9666F51CF91BB7" box="[603,765,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">T. desbruyeresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, has a smaller adult shell with different proportions, and a shorter siphonal canal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFAEFFE0FF0A673F1B23192F" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FF0A673F1FA31A0F" bold="true" box="[199,423,297,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FF0A673F1F9B1A0C" bold="true" box="[199,415,297,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">Molecular analyses</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sequencing and phylogenetic methods follow that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB616BDFFAEFFE0FC34673C1AF81A0F" author="Zhang, S. Q. & Zhang, S. P." box="[1017,1276,298,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" pagination="76 - 86" refId="ref2292" refString="Zhang, S. Q. & Zhang, S. P. (2017) A new genus and species of Neomphalidae from a hydrothermal vent of the Manus Back-Arc Basin, western Pacific (Gastropoda: Neomphalina). The Nautilus, 131 (1), 76 - 86." type="journal article" year="2017">Zhang & Zhang (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The length of the obtained COI sequence is 658 bp. The Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C77C9FFAEFFE0FC4367581DCC1A2B" box="[910,968,334,358]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[164,1365,670,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,638,1893]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Neighbour-joining tree for Enigmaticolus and related genera based on available COI sequences from this study and Gen- Bank. Numbers above branches indicate the bootstrap values. (MN102347 is the GenBank accession number for the COI sequence of Enigmaticolus inflatus sp. nov.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626484/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">Fig 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) was reconstructed using available COI sequences from this study and GenBank. The alignment of COI had a total 636 bp, without insertions and deletions. The NJ tree shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FEF367811FA81AE3" authority="Zhang & Zhang & Chen, 2020" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" box="[318,428,406,430]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FEF367811FA81AE3" box="[318,428,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">E. inflatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FE7E67801C0D1AE3" bold="true" box="[435,521,406,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2600A25FFAEFFE0FE7E67801C0D1AE3" box="[435,521,406,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
falls into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FDB967801D0A1AE3" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[628,782,406,430]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FDB967801D0A1AE3" box="[628,782,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">Enigmaticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FBD967811B391AE3" authority="Fraussen, 2008" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[1044,1341,406,430]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monnieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FBD967811A961AE0" box="[1044,1170,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">E. monnieri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB616BDFFAEFFE0FB5467801B391AE3" author="Fraussen, K." box="[1177,1341,406,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" pagination="74 - 82" refId="ref1926" refString="Fraussen, K. (2008) Enigmaticolus, a new genus of deep water buccinids (Gastropoda: Buccinidae), with description of a new species from Madagascar. Gloria Maris, 46, 74 - 82." type="journal article" year="2008">Fraussen, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it forms a well-supported sister clade to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FE2A67AC1DF01A9F" authority="(Waren & Bouchet, 2001)" authorityName="Waren & Bouchet" authorityYear="2001" baseAuthorityName="Waren & Bouchet" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[487,1012,442,466]" class="Thermotogae" family="Thermotogaceae" genus="Thermosipho" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Thermotogales" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Thermotogae" rank="species" species="auzendei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FE2A67AC1CDC1A9F" box="[487,728,442,466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">Thermosipho auzendei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB616BDFFAEFFE0FD2867AC1DE81A9F" author="Waren, A. & Bouchet, P." box="[741,1004,442,466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" pagination="116 - 231" refId="ref2255" refString="Waren, A. & Bouchet, P. (2001) Gastropoda and Monoplacophora from hydrothermal vents and seeps new taxa and records. The Veliger, 44 (2), 116 - 231." type="journal article" year="2001">Warén & Bouchet, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The pairwise distance between the new species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FED067C91F981AB8" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[285,412,478,502]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monnieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FED067C91F981AB8" box="[285,412,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">E. monnieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only 0.3–0.6%. Typically, the interspecific pairwise differences between COI sequences of marine gastropods is above 3% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB616BDFFAEFFE0FE3C64141CE61957" author="Meyer, C. P. & Paulay, G." box="[497,738,514,538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" pagination="422" refId="ref2131" refString="Meyer, C. P. & Paulay, G. (2005) DNA barcoding: error rates based on comprehensive sampling. PLoS Biology, 3, e 422. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pbio. 0030422" type="journal article" year="2005">Meyer & Paulay 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Morphologically, however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FBD764151A931954" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[1050,1175,514,538]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monnieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FBD764151A931954" box="[1050,1175,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">E. monnieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be clearly separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FF1C64311F3A1973" authority="Zhang & Zhang & Chen, 2020" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" box="[209,318,550,574]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FF1C64311F3A1973" box="[209,318,550,574]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">E. inflatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FE8E64301F9C1973" bold="true" box="[323,408,550,574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2600A25FFAEFFE0FE8E64301F9C1973" box="[323,408,550,574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in having a slender shell with developed axial ribs, and a more distinct subsutural constriction. In addition, the penis in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FEB3645D1FFF192C" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[382,507,586,610]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monnieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FEB3645D1FFF192C" box="[382,507,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">E. monnieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be more slender with a pointed distal end (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB616BDFFAEFFE0FB98645C1B1F192F" author="Kantor, Yu. I. & Puillandre, N. & Fraussen, K. & Fedosov, A. E. & Bouchet, P." box="[1109,1307,586,610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" pagination="2177 - 2195" refId="ref2052" refString="Kantor, Yu. I., Puillandre, N., Fraussen, K., Fedosov, A. E. & Bouchet, P. (2013) Deep-water Buccinidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) from sunken wood, vents and seeps: molecular phylogeny and taxonomy. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93, 2177 - 2195. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315413000672" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Kantor
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FB68645D1ADF192F" box="[1189,1243,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF583BC4FFAEFFE0FF5A61871FCF1CA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3626484" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3626484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3626484/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" startId="3.[151,244,1937,1959]" targetBox="[164,1365,670,1855]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFAEFFE0FF5A61871FCF1CA3" blockId="3.[151,1436,1937,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FF5A61871F091CEB" bold="true" box="[151,269,1937,1959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Neighbour-joining tree for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FDDA61871CA61CEB" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[535,674,1937,1958]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FDDA61871CA61CEB" box="[535,674,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">Enigmaticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related genera based on available COI sequences from this study and Gen- Bank. Numbers above branches indicate the bootstrap values. (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9474F6AFFFAEFFE0FD3E61A31D671C87" box="[755,867,1973,1994]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN102347" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">MN102347</accessionNumber>
|
||
is the GenBank accession number for the COI sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFAEFFE0FF5A61CF1F741CA3" authority="Zhang & Zhang & Chen, 2020" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,368,2009,2030]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FF5A61CF1F741CA3" box="[151,368,2009,2030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">Enigmaticolus inflatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFAEFFE0FEBB61CF1FC61CA3" bold="true" box="[374,450,2009,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2600A25FFAEFFE0FEBB61CF1FC61CA3" box="[374,450,2009,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="388" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFA9FFE7FF0A668C1A451A2B" blockId="4.[151,1437,154,538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="389">
|
||
Deep-sea cold seeps are in general thought to be harsh (e.g. high pressure, high toxicity, and low oxygen) but very stable (e.g. cooler temperature, rich food supply) environments for growth of organisms. From this point of view, the members of the seep-associated genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFA9FFE7FDFB66F41CD41BB7" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[566,720,226,250]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="389" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFA9FFE7FDFB66F41CD41BB7" box="[566,720,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="389">Enigmaticolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as top predator, may live in such environment with a complex genetic adaptation. In the process of adaptation, the mtDNA evolution may be subjected to an ecosystem-specific selection pressure, which results in a slowdown or generally low rate of COI evolution in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFA9FFE7FC25673C1A521A0F" authority="Zhang & Zhang & Chen, 2020" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" box="[1000,1110,298,322]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="389" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFA9FFE7FC25673C1A521A0F" box="[1000,1110,298,322]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="389">E. inflatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFA9FFE7FB91673C1AB51A0F" bold="true" box="[1116,1201,298,322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2600A25FFA9FFE7FB91673C1AB51A0F" box="[1116,1201,298,322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="389" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFA9FFE7FB2E673C1B641A0C" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[1251,1376,298,321]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="389" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monnieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFA9FFE7FB2E673C1B641A0C" box="[1251,1376,298,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="389">E. monnieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This may explain why the genetic distances of COI is so minimal between these two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B986B4CFFA9FFE7FF0A67641B0D1957" blockId="4.[151,1437,154,538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="389">
|
||
The two species are quite different, not only in shell morphology, but also in external anatomy and radula features, indicating that there should be sufficient generic diversity and evolutionary depth to generate such morphological differences. This requires further study to find the relevant genes. In addition, only two specimens are available in the present study, which could not provide enough statistic information for a thorough comparison. Clearly, larger sample sizes, both from
|
||
<typeStatus id="549CD5EEFFA9FFE7FF1F64141F041957" box="[210,256,514,538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="389">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFA9FFE7FEB764141FE31957" authority="Zhang & Zhang & Chen, 2020" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Chen" authorityYear="2020" box="[378,487,514,538]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="389" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFA9FFE7FEB764141FE31957" box="[378,487,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="389">E. inflatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFA9FFE7FE2364141C401957" bold="true" box="[494,580,514,538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="389">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2600A25FFA9FFE7FE2364141C401957" box="[494,580,514,538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="389" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2710CFFFA9FFE7FDBA64141CF11954" authorityName="Fraussen" authorityYear="2008" box="[631,757,514,537]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Enigmaticolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="389" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monnieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953B75EFFA9FFE7FDBA64141CF11954" box="[631,757,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="389">E. monnieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are needed for further analysis and comparisons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |