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<mods:title id="6AA9477C6FF42E2F827BD9734C4CF392">The Antarctic holothurian genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990 (Dendrochirotida, Cucumariidae): brood pouches, spermatozoa, spermatozeugmata and taxonomic implications</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF344B31CFF64FD4BFDF62874" authority="Gutt, 1990" authorityName="Gutt" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,610,743,770]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acanthocola">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64FD4BFE432877" bold="true" box="[151,471,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Echinopsolus acanthocola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF344B31CFE2DFD44FDF62874" author="Gutt, J." box="[478,610,744,770]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref9412" refString="Gutt, J. (1990) New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata) - I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirotida. Zoologica Scripta, 19, 101 - 117. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1990. tb 00243. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Gutt, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFF6CFCA6FF672855" box="[159,243,778,803]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,973,995]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,951]" captionTargetId="figure-470@5.[151,1436,195,951]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Genital papillae and brood pouches of Echinopsolus spp. a. Male genital papilla (arrowhead) of E. acutus. bd. E. splendidus. b. Male genital papilla. c. Female genital papilla (arrowhead). d. Brood pouch openings (arrowheads) of a female with retracted tentacles. e. E. acanthocola, brood pouch opening of a female (arrowhead). f. E. splendidus, brood pouch (opened up) with developing juveniles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928466/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Figs 1e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFEF3FCA6FEA22855" box="[256,310,778,803]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-216@6.[151,1436,193,1327]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ultrastructure (SEM) of spermatozeugmata and sperm cells of Echinopsolus spp. a. Mass of sperm bundles in gonad tubule (opened up) of E. koehleri. be. Spermatozeugmata. b. E. acanthocola. c. E. charcoti. d. E. mollis. e. E. parvipes. fg. Spermatozoa. f. E. acanthocola. g. E. koehleri. Arrows—acrosomes; arrowheads—cylinder shaped mid-pieces." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928468/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">2b, f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFEB2FCA6FEC92855" box="[321,349,778,803]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1333,1355]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-383@8.[151,1436,193,1312]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozeugmata and sperm cells of Echinopsolus spp. ad. E. splendidus. a. Overview of ripe sperm cells and spermiogenesis-stages. b. Different regions of sperm cells in oblique cutting planes. c. Nuclear apex with cup-shaped indentation containing acrosomal complex. d. Cross section through mid-piece at level of centriolar satellite complex. e. E. acanthocola, longitudinal sections through sperm-cell head and mid-piece. f. E. koehleri longitudinal section through sperm-cell head and mid-piece. gi. E. parvipes. g. Close up of nuclear apex with acrosomal vesicle anchored by actomere and subacrosomal plate (arrowheads) in periachrosomal material. h. Close up of the mid-piece region in axial section plane. ik. Cross sections through mid-pieces at level of centriolar satellite complex. i. E. parvipes. j. E. charcoti. k. E. koehleri (premature). a—acrosomal vesicle; dc—distal centriole; f—flagellum; m—mid-piece; n—nucleus; p—periacrosomal material; pc—proximal centriole; s—spermiogenesis-stages; sc—centriolar satellite complex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928472/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">4e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFE99FCA6FE112855" box="[362,389,778,803]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-231@10.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variability of tube feet arrangement of Echinopsolus spp. a. E. acanthocola, lateral and ventral view. b. E. acutus, dorsal and ventral view. c. E. charcoti, lateral and ventral view. d. E. koehleri, lateral and ventral view. e. E. mollis, dorsal and ventral view (tentacles retracted, mouth to the left). f. E. parvipes, lateral and ventral view. g. E. splendidus, lateral and ventral view (tentacles retracted, mouth to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928478/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">6a</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610ECF344B31CFF64FCFEFDF7281E" author="Gutt, J." box="[151,611,850,872]" page="113" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" year="1990">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF344B31CFF64FCFEFDF7281E" authority="Gutt, 1990: p. 113" authorityName="Gutt" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,611,850,872]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acanthocola">
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64FCFEFE36281E" box="[151,418,850,872]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Echinopsolus acanthocola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF344B31CFE5AFCFEFD8D281E" author="Gutt, J." box="[425,537,850,872]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref9412" refString="Gutt, J. (1990) New Antarctic holothurians (Echinodermata) - I. Five new species with four new genera of the order Dendrochirotida. Zoologica Scripta, 19, 101 - 117. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1990. tb 00243. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Gutt, 1990</bibRefCitation>
: p. 113
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, figs 1720.
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF344B31CFF64FC15FDC428A5" authority="(Massin, 1992)" authorityName="Bohn" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Massin" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[151,592,953,979]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64FC15FDC428A5" bold="true" box="[151,592,953,979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64FC15FE0728A5" bold="true" box="[151,403,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Echinopsolus acutus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF344B31CFE52FC15FDDC28A5" author="Massin, C." box="[417,584,953,979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" pagination="179 - 191" refId="ref9864" refString="Massin, C. (1992) Three new species of Dendrochirotida (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 62, 179 - 191." type="journal article" year="1992">Massin, 1992</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2605794F344B31CFDA4FC14FD4D28A4" box="[599,729,952,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8B9836FDF344B31CFF64FC70FEFC2883" blockId="11.[151,729,952,1013]" box="[151,360,988,1013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
(
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFF6CFC70FF672883" box="[159,243,988,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,973,995]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,951]" captionTargetId="figure-470@5.[151,1436,195,951]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Genital papillae and brood pouches of Echinopsolus spp. a. Male genital papilla (arrowhead) of E. acutus. bd. E. splendidus. b. Male genital papilla. c. Female genital papilla (arrowhead). d. Brood pouch openings (arrowheads) of a female with retracted tentacles. e. E. acanthocola, brood pouch opening of a female (arrowhead). f. E. splendidus, brood pouch (opened up) with developing juveniles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928466/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Figs 1a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFEF3FC70FEA32883" box="[256,311,988,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1230,1252]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,193,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-438@7.[182,1406,193,1208]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Histology of spermatozeugmata and sperm cells of Echinopsolus spp. ac. E. acutus. a. Semithin cross section in centre of seminiferous tubule. b. Sperm bundles fill central space of seminiferous tubule. c. Longitudinal section through spermatozeugma showing sperm heads, mid-pieces and flagella. de. E. splendidus. d. Mass of sperm bundles. e. Longitudinal section through spermatozeugma. fg. E. mollis. f. Mass of sperm bundles. g. Longitudinal section through spermatozeugma with poor structure preservation (alcohol conservation, no aldehyde fixation). f—flagellum; m—mid-piece; n—nucleus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928470/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">3ac</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFEB0FC70FEF42883" box="[323,352,988,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-231@10.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variability of tube feet arrangement of Echinopsolus spp. a. E. acanthocola, lateral and ventral view. b. E. acutus, dorsal and ventral view. c. E. charcoti, lateral and ventral view. d. E. koehleri, lateral and ventral view. e. E. mollis, dorsal and ventral view (tentacles retracted, mouth to the left). f. E. parvipes, lateral and ventral view. g. E. splendidus, lateral and ventral view (tentacles retracted, mouth to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928478/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">6b</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8610ECF344B31CFF64FB88FD9F2F4C" author="Massin, C." box="[151,523,1060,1082]" page="184" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF344B31CFF64FB88FD9F2F4C" ID-CoL="329FG" authority="Massin, 1992: 184" authorityName="Massin" authorityPageNumber="184" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,523,1060,1082]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acuta">
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64FB88FED32F4F" box="[151,327,1060,1082]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Cucumaria acuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF344B31CFEBEFB88FD9F2F4C" author="Massin, C." box="[333,523,1060,1082]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" pagination="179 - 191" refId="ref9864" refString="Massin, C. (1992) Three new species of Dendrochirotida (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 62, 179 - 191." type="journal article" year="1992">Massin, 1992: 184</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 68.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836FDF344B31CFF64FB26FD4A2FD2" blockId="11.[151,734,1162,1222]" box="[151,734,1162,1189]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF344B31CFF64FB26FDC12FD3" authority="(Vaney, 1906)" authorityName="Bohn" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[151,597,1162,1189]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="charcoti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64FB26FDC12FD3" bold="true" box="[151,597,1162,1189]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64FB26FE322FD2" bold="true" box="[151,422,1162,1188]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Echinopsolus charcoti</emphasis>
(Vaney, 1906)
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2605794F344B31CFDAEFB26FD4A2FD2" box="[605,734,1162,1188]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFF6CFB01FF602FB0" box="[159,244,1197,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-216@6.[151,1436,193,1327]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ultrastructure (SEM) of spermatozeugmata and sperm cells of Echinopsolus spp. a. Mass of sperm bundles in gonad tubule (opened up) of E. koehleri. be. Spermatozeugmata. b. E. acanthocola. c. E. charcoti. d. E. mollis. e. E. parvipes. fg. Spermatozoa. f. E. acanthocola. g. E. koehleri. Arrows—acrosomes; arrowheads—cylinder shaped mid-pieces." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928468/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Figs 2c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFEF3FB01FE8C2FB0" box="[256,280,1197,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1333,1355]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-383@8.[151,1436,193,1312]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozeugmata and sperm cells of Echinopsolus spp. ad. E. splendidus. a. Overview of ripe sperm cells and spermiogenesis-stages. b. Different regions of sperm cells in oblique cutting planes. c. Nuclear apex with cup-shaped indentation containing acrosomal complex. d. Cross section through mid-piece at level of centriolar satellite complex. e. E. acanthocola, longitudinal sections through sperm-cell head and mid-piece. f. E. koehleri longitudinal section through sperm-cell head and mid-piece. gi. E. parvipes. g. Close up of nuclear apex with acrosomal vesicle anchored by actomere and subacrosomal plate (arrowheads) in periachrosomal material. h. Close up of the mid-piece region in axial section plane. ik. Cross sections through mid-pieces at level of centriolar satellite complex. i. E. parvipes. j. E. charcoti. k. E. koehleri (premature). a—acrosomal vesicle; dc—distal centriole; f—flagellum; m—mid-piece; n—nucleus; p—periacrosomal material; pc—proximal centriole; s—spermiogenesis-stages; sc—centriolar satellite complex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928472/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">4j</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFED7FB01FEAB2FB0" box="[292,319,1197,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-231@10.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variability of tube feet arrangement of Echinopsolus spp. a. E. acanthocola, lateral and ventral view. b. E. acutus, dorsal and ventral view. c. E. charcoti, lateral and ventral view. d. E. koehleri, lateral and ventral view. e. E. mollis, dorsal and ventral view (tentacles retracted, mouth to the left). f. E. parvipes, lateral and ventral view. g. E. splendidus, lateral and ventral view (tentacles retracted, mouth to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928478/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">6c</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B9836FDF344B31CFF64FB59FE692E7D" blockId="11.[151,509,1269,1291]" box="[151,509,1269,1291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF344B31CFF64FB59FE6D2E7D" authority="Vaney, 1906 a: 406" authorityName="Vaney" authorityPageNumber="406" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,505,1269,1291]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="charcoti">
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64FB59FEA12E7D" box="[151,309,1269,1291]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Psolus charcoti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF344B31CFEC9FB5AFE6D2E7D" author="Vaney, M. C." box="[314,505,1269,1291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" pagination="402 - 407" refId="ref10690" refString="Vaney, M. C. (1906 a) Note preliminaire sur les holothuries recueillies par l'Expedition Antarctique Francaise du Dr Charcot. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 12, 402 - 407." type="journal article" year="1906">Vaney, 1906a: 406</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF344B31CFF64FAF0FDC12E00" authority="(Vaney, 1914)" authorityName="Bohn" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[151,597,1372,1398]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="koehleri" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64FAF0FDC12E00" bold="true" box="[151,597,1372,1398]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64FAF0FE322E00" bold="true" box="[151,422,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Echinopsolus koehleri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF344B31CFE46FAF0FDD92E00" author="Vaney, M. C." box="[437,589,1372,1398]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref10833" refString="Vaney, M. C. (1914) Holothuries. In: Joubin, L. (Ed.), Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 1910) commandee par le Dr Jean Charcot. Sciences Naturelles: Documents Scientifique. Masson et Cie, Paris, France, pp. 1 - 54." type="book chapter" year="1914">Vaney, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836FDF344B31CFF64FAD2FE162EE1" blockId="11.[151,734,1371,1431]" box="[151,386,1406,1431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
(
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFF6CFAD2FE842EE1" box="[159,272,1406,1431]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-216@6.[151,1436,193,1327]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ultrastructure (SEM) of spermatozeugmata and sperm cells of Echinopsolus spp. a. Mass of sperm bundles in gonad tubule (opened up) of E. koehleri. be. Spermatozeugmata. b. E. acanthocola. c. E. charcoti. d. E. mollis. e. E. parvipes. fg. Spermatozoa. f. E. acanthocola. g. E. koehleri. Arrows—acrosomes; arrowheads—cylinder shaped mid-pieces." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928468/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Figs 2a, g</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFEEFFAD2FEC62EE1" box="[284,338,1406,1431]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1333,1355]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-383@8.[151,1436,193,1312]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ultrastructure (TEM) of spermatozeugmata and sperm cells of Echinopsolus spp. ad. E. splendidus. a. Overview of ripe sperm cells and spermiogenesis-stages. b. Different regions of sperm cells in oblique cutting planes. c. Nuclear apex with cup-shaped indentation containing acrosomal complex. d. Cross section through mid-piece at level of centriolar satellite complex. e. E. acanthocola, longitudinal sections through sperm-cell head and mid-piece. f. E. koehleri longitudinal section through sperm-cell head and mid-piece. gi. E. parvipes. g. Close up of nuclear apex with acrosomal vesicle anchored by actomere and subacrosomal plate (arrowheads) in periachrosomal material. h. Close up of the mid-piece region in axial section plane. ik. Cross sections through mid-pieces at level of centriolar satellite complex. i. E. parvipes. j. E. charcoti. k. E. koehleri (premature). a—acrosomal vesicle; dc—distal centriole; f—flagellum; m—mid-piece; n—nucleus; p—periacrosomal material; pc—proximal centriole; s—spermiogenesis-stages; sc—centriolar satellite complex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928472/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">4f, k</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFEAEFAD2FEEE2EE1" box="[349,378,1406,1431]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-231@10.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variability of tube feet arrangement of Echinopsolus spp. a. E. acanthocola, lateral and ventral view. b. E. acutus, dorsal and ventral view. c. E. charcoti, lateral and ventral view. d. E. koehleri, lateral and ventral view. e. E. mollis, dorsal and ventral view (tentacles retracted, mouth to the left). f. E. parvipes, lateral and ventral view. g. E. splendidus, lateral and ventral view (tentacles retracted, mouth to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928478/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">6d</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836FDF344B31CFF64FA6AFCD92EAA" blockId="11.[151,845,1478,1500]" box="[151,845,1478,1500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3711D3F344B31CFF64FA6AFCD92EAA" box="[151,845,1478,1500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8610ECF344B31CFF64FA6AFE6D2EAA" author="Vaney, M. C." box="[151,505,1478,1500]" page="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" year="1914">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF344B31CFF64FA6AFE6D2EAA" authority="Vaney, 1914: p. 24" authorityName="Vaney" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,505,1478,1500]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="koehleri">
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64FA6AFEA02EAA" box="[151,308,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Psolus koehleri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF344B31CFEC9FA6BFE2E2EAA" author="Vaney, M. C." box="[314,442,1478,1500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref10833" refString="Vaney, M. C. (1914) Holothuries. In: Joubin, L. (Ed.), Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 1910) commandee par le Dr Jean Charcot. Sciences Naturelles: Documents Scientifique. Masson et Cie, Paris, France, pp. 1 - 54." type="book chapter" year="1914">Vaney, 1914</bibRefCitation>
: p. 24
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, pls 1 (figs 2, 56), 5 (figs 110).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836FDF344B31CFF64F981FCCF2D30" blockId="11.[151,859,1580,1640]" box="[151,859,1580,1607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D7EF344B31CFF64F981FD462D31" authority="(Ludwig &amp; Heding, 1935)" authorityName="Bohn" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig &amp; Heding" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[151,722,1581,1607]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Echinopsolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mollis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64F981FD462D31" bold="true" box="[151,722,1581,1607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64F981FE182D31" bold="true" box="[151,396,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Echinopsolus mollis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF344B31CFE68F981FD5E2D31" author="Ludwig, H. &amp; Heding, S. G." box="[411,714,1581,1607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" pagination="123 - 214" refId="ref9776" refString="Ludwig, H. &amp; Heding, S. G. (1935) Die Holothurien der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. I. Fusslose und dendrochirote Formen. In: Chun, C., Brauer, A., Vanhoffen, E. &amp; Apstein, C. (Eds.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899. Vol. 24. Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena, Germany, pp. 123 - 214." type="book chapter" year="1935">Ludwig &amp; Heding, 1935</bibRefCitation>
)
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2605794F344B31CFD29F980FCCF2D30" box="[730,859,1580,1606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836FDF344B31CFF64F9E3FEF22D1E" blockId="11.[151,859,1580,1640]" box="[151,358,1615,1640]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
(
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFF6CF9E3FF612D1E" box="[159,245,1615,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-216@6.[151,1436,193,1327]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ultrastructure (SEM) of spermatozeugmata and sperm cells of Echinopsolus spp. a. Mass of sperm bundles in gonad tubule (opened up) of E. koehleri. be. Spermatozeugmata. b. E. acanthocola. c. E. charcoti. d. E. mollis. e. E. parvipes. fg. Spermatozoa. f. E. acanthocola. g. E. koehleri. Arrows—acrosomes; arrowheads—cylinder shaped mid-pieces." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928468/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Figs 2d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFEF2F9E3FEA32D1E" box="[257,311,1615,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1230,1252]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,193,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-438@7.[182,1406,193,1208]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Histology of spermatozeugmata and sperm cells of Echinopsolus spp. ac. E. acutus. a. Semithin cross section in centre of seminiferous tubule. b. Sperm bundles fill central space of seminiferous tubule. c. Longitudinal section through spermatozeugma showing sperm heads, mid-pieces and flagella. de. E. splendidus. d. Mass of sperm bundles. e. Longitudinal section through spermatozeugma. fg. E. mollis. f. Mass of sperm bundles. g. Longitudinal section through spermatozeugma with poor structure preservation (alcohol conservation, no aldehyde fixation). f—flagellum; m—mid-piece; n—nucleus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928470/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">3fg</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131C2A78F344B31CFEB0F9E3FECA2D1E" box="[323,350,1615,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-231@10.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Variability of tube feet arrangement of Echinopsolus spp. a. E. acanthocola, lateral and ventral view. b. E. acutus, dorsal and ventral view. c. E. charcoti, lateral and ventral view. d. E. koehleri, lateral and ventral view. e. E. mollis, dorsal and ventral view (tentacles retracted, mouth to the left). f. E. parvipes, lateral and ventral view. g. E. splendidus, lateral and ventral view (tentacles retracted, mouth to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928478/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">6e</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836FDF344B31CFF64F934FC6B2DD8" blockId="11.[151,1023,1688,1710]" box="[151,1023,1688,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3711D3F344B31CFF64F934FC6B2DD8" box="[151,1023,1688,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8610ECF344B31CFF64F934FD522DD8" author="Ludwig, H. &amp; Heding, S. G." box="[151,710,1688,1710]" page="204" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" year="1935">
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<emphasis id="B953EAEFF344B31CFF64F934FE052DD8" box="[151,401,1688,1710]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="584">Pseudocolochirus mollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B0CF344B31CFE64F934FD522DD8" author="Ludwig, H. &amp; Heding, S. G." box="[407,710,1688,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="584" pagination="123 - 214" refId="ref9776" refString="Ludwig, H. &amp; Heding, S. G. (1935) Die Holothurien der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. I. Fusslose und dendrochirote Formen. In: Chun, C., Brauer, A., Vanhoffen, E. &amp; Apstein, C. (Eds.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899. Vol. 24. Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena, Germany, pp. 123 - 214." type="book chapter" year="1935">Ludwig &amp; Heding, 1935: 204</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 6265, pl. 2 (figs 2138).
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</paragraph>
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