305 lines
33 KiB
XML
305 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="A21A2231251C28FE80FE064B2EFEB027" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e86d5f4d-f965-4329-91c5-cfcd7c8ed33b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="163367" ID-ZooBank="70509AD2-640A-497C-83EA-85B3EBEA35A0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477466785637" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gilligan, Todd, Huemer, Peter & Wiesmair, Benjamin" docDate="2016" docId="7A0E87C6E962FFA416B41380F4323FE5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4178.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4178 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ancylis geminana Donovan 1806" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="364" masterDocId="8637FFBEE972FFB51623102FF7133D29" masterDocTitle="Different continents, same species? Resolving the taxonomy of some Holarctic Ancylis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)" masterLastPageNumber="370" masterPageNumber="347" pageNumber="363" updateTime="1698390823962" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="670CCE84A3204DE00F59BC4B83716E8B">Different continents, same species? Resolving the taxonomy of some Holarctic Ancylis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6B136274BA4EC0471CCD68579300C8AE">Gilligan, Todd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4F9C3E42D37312511C21861CF9C27E4D">Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="997CDBC7697CD4AC3C4953B5A676FB18">Wiesmair, Benjamin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="663DA05229CB4A315AE945577A053B22">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FE245518159B23417E7102383C9C9D0D">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F0CA66776D6147C8BD5F634B91B4F35D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2B19C91C0CBBD6A578ED06DF1EB323C5">4178</mods:number>
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<treatment id="7A0E87C6E962FFA416B41380F4323FE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6087646" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124558281" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6087646" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A0E87C6E962FFA416B41380F4323FE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A0E87C6E962FFA416B41380F4323FE5" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
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<subSubSection id="BABD655BE962FFA516B41380F67C3EC2" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F21836D0E962FFA516B41380F5573EE3" blockId="16.[151,580,943,1003]" box="[151,580,943,970]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
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<heading id="A95081BCE962FFA516B41380F5573EE3" bold="true" box="[151,580,943,970]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA516B41380F5573EE3" ID-CoL="DNHC" authority="Donovan, 1806" authorityName="Donovan" authorityYear="1806" box="[151,580,943,970]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516B41380F5573EE3" bold="true" box="[151,580,943,970]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516B41380F6623EE0" bold="true" box="[151,369,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Ancylis geminana</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E962FFA5175C139FF52F3EE3" author="Donovan" box="[383,572,944,970]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" refString="Donovan, E. (1806) The Natural History of British Insects: Explaining them in their several states, with the periods of their transformations, their food, oeconomy, etc. Together with the history of such minute insects as require investigation by the microscope: the whole illustrated by coloured figures, designed and executed from living specimens. Volume 11. pp. 361 - 396." type="journal article" year="1806">Donovan, 1806</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F21836D0E962FFA516B413FDF67C3EC2" blockId="16.[151,580,943,1003]" box="[151,367,978,1003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Figs. 26–31, 67, 81</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BABD655BE962FFA516B41435F4893966" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F21836D0E962FFA516B41435F43C3919" blockId="16.[151,1329,1050,1195]" box="[151,815,1050,1072]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
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<materialsCitation id="42CF3C8DE962FFA516B41435F43C3919" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324202955" box="[151,815,1050,1072]" location="Br" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Br">
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA516B41435F5143919" authority="Donovan, 1806" authorityName="Donovan" authorityYear="1806" box="[151,519,1050,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516B41435F6713919" box="[151,354,1050,1072]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Phalaena geminana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E962FFA5174B1434F5143919" author="Donovan" box="[360,519,1050,1072]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" refString="Donovan, E. (1806) The Natural History of British Insects: Explaining them in their several states, with the periods of their transformations, their food, oeconomy, etc. Together with the history of such minute insects as require investigation by the microscope: the whole illustrated by coloured figures, designed and executed from living specimens. Volume 11. pp. 361 - 396." type="journal article" year="1806">Donovan, 1806</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA514321434F5F13919" box="[529,738,1051,1072]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
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Nat. Hist.
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<collectingRegion id="3063F832E962FFA5145A1434F5803919" box="[633,659,1051,1072]" country="Turkey" name="Bolu" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Br</collectingRegion>
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. Insects
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</emphasis>
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11: 29.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F21836D0E962FFA516B41416F4893966" blockId="16.[151,1329,1050,1195]" box="[151,922,1081,1103]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA516B41416F53A3966" authority="Stephens, 1834" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,553,1081,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Anchylopera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biarcuana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516B41416F6963966" box="[151,389,1081,1103]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Anchylopera biarcuana</emphasis>
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Stephens, 1834
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA514101416F45E3966" box="[563,845,1081,1103]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Illust. Br. Ent. (Haustellata)</emphasis>
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4: 113.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BABD655BE962FFA516B41477F36D3982" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F21836D0E962FFA516B41477F36D3982" blockId="16.[151,1329,1050,1195]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516B41477F6783947" box="[151,363,1112,1134]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Phoxopterix crenana</emphasis>
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Duponchel, in Godart, 1835,
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA514BA1476F4DA3947" box="[665,969,1112,1134]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Hist. nat. Lepid. Papillons Fr.</emphasis>
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9: 334.
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA516B41459F60039A5" box="[151,275,1142,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluctigerana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516B41459F60039A5" box="[151,275,1142,1164]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">fluctigerana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[uninomial] Herrich-Schäffer, 1848,
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA514AF1458F4DE39A4" box="[652,973,1142,1165]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Syst. Bearbeitung Schmett. Eur.</emphasis>
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4: pl. 45, fig. 319. [nomen nudum]
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA516B414B9F5F43982" authority="Herrich-Schaffer, 1851" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,743,1173,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluctigerana" subGenus="Phoxopteryx">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516B414B9F7CF3982" box="[151,220,1174,1195]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Tortrix</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516C814BAF6783982" box="[235,363,1173,1195]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Phoxopteryx</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA5175914BAF6E53982" box="[378,502,1173,1195]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">fluctigerana</emphasis>
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Herrich-Schäffer, 1851
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA514D114B9F3213982" box="[754,1074,1173,1195]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Syst. Bearbeitung Schmett. Eur.</emphasis>
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4: 286.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BABD655BE962FFA516B414F8F7F438C5" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F21836D0E962FFA516B414F8F6C13856" blockId="16.[151,1437,1239,2029]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516B414F8F61939D9" bold="true" box="[151,266,1239,1264]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA5173A14F8F6F039D9" box="[281,483,1239,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA5173A14F8F6F039D9" box="[281,483,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Ancylis geminana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished by the grayish brown coloration on the costal half of the forewing, which is lighter on the costa and darker towards the longitudinal line, and the uniform curvature of the longitudinal line. It is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA51795150FF5693811" box="[438,634,1311,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="christiandiana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA51795150FF5693811" box="[438,634,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">A. christiandiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from which it differs by the distinctly curved longitudinal line and the more variegated light and dark wing pattern. The smaller
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA51504156BF4D43874" box="[807,967,1348,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminutana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA51504156BF4D43874" box="[807,967,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">A. diminutana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is reddish brown with a longitudinal line similar to
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA5172B1547F6D938A9" box="[264,458,1383,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="christiandiana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA5172B1547F6D938A9" box="[264,458,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">A. christiandiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F21836D0E962FFA516E415A3F7F438C5" blockId="16.[151,1437,1239,2029]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516E415A3F695388C" bold="true" box="[199,390,1420,1445]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Molecular data.</emphasis>
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BIN URI: BOLD:AAE1223. The intraspecific divergence of the barcode region is low with average 0.28% and maximum 0.8% (n=23). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbor
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA51299159FF29338E1" box="[1210,1408,1455,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="christiandiana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA51299159FF29338E1" box="[1210,1408,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">A. christiandiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is 3.82%.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BABD655BE962FFA516E415D8F4FA3A10" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F21836D0E962FFA516E415D8F4FA3A10" blockId="16.[151,1437,1239,2029]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516E415D8F67E3B39" bold="true" box="[199,365,1527,1552]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Redescription</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA5175F15D6F6FB3B39" box="[380,488,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Forewing</emphasis>
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. FWL Ƌ
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<quantity id="355F9B35E962FFA5147615D8F5CF3B26" box="[597,732,1527,1552]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–9.5 mm</quantity>
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(n=10),
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<specimenCount id="E4A1FD59E962FFA5151D15D7F4403B26" box="[830,851,1528,1551]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="355F9B35E962FFA5157815D7F4AB3B26" box="[859,952,1528,1552]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
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(n=2). The costal half of the wing is a mix of grayish brown, dark brown, and black. The costa is lighter grayish brown with darker markings towards the longitudinal line. The dorsal half of the wing is light brownish gray to near white. The longitudinal line is continuous from base to just below the apex and is often bordered in white dorsally. The line starts at A1+2, curves evenly up to the cubitus, back down to CuA2, and then up to radius, angling down slightly to reach the termen near M1. Small black streaks are often present on R5 just proximal to the termen.
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA51223169EF3B53BE3" box="[1024,1190,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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. As described for the group.
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516C416F7F6B43BD8" box="[231,423,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Female genitalia</emphasis>
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. As described for the group with the following modifications: apophyses posteriores and apophyses anteriores approximately the same length; antrum weakly sclerotized to the posterior 0.15 of the ductus bursae; and ductus seminalis arising in the anterior 0.3 of the ductus bursae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BABD655BE962FFA516E4176BF5903AA8" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="F21836D0E962FFA516E4176BF5903AA8" blockId="16.[151,1437,1239,2029]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516E4176BF64A3A74" bold="true" box="[199,345,1860,1885]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA5174F176BF52A3A75" box="[364,569,1860,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA5174F176BF52A3A75" box="[364,569,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Ancylis geminana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed across much of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E962FFA51589176AF3163A75" box="[938,1029,1861,1884]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Europe to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8AB07640E962FFA512B3176BF20B3A74" box="[1168,1304,1860,1885]" name="Turkey" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8AB07640E962FFA5130B176BF28B3A74" box="[1320,1432,1860,1885]" name="Mongolia" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Siberia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8AB07640E962FFA516D71747F6293AA8" box="[244,314,1896,1921]" name="China" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8AB07640E962FFA517561746F6A63AA9" box="[373,437,1897,1920]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E962FFA517E01747F5643AA8" author="Razowski" box="[451,631,1896,1921]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" refString="Razowski, J. (2003) Tortricidae of Europe, Volume 2, Olethreutinae. Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava. 301 pp." type="book" year="2003">Razowski 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BABD655BE962FFA416E417A3F6BF3DFC" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F21836D0E962FFA416E417A3F6BF3DFC" blockId="16.[151,1437,1239,2029]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,717]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA516E417A3F60C3A8C" bold="true" box="[199,287,1932,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Adults are present from May to August with suspected occasional bivoltinism (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E962FFA512C317A3F28B3A8C" author="Razowski" box="[1248,1432,1932,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" refString="Razowski, J. (2001) Die Tortriciden (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) Mitteleuropas. Bestimmung - Verbreitung - Flugstandort - Lebensweise der Raupen. Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava. 301 pp." type="book" year="2001">Razowski 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E962FFA516B4179EF7C73AE0" author="Razowski" box="[151,212,1969,1993]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" refString="Razowski, J. (2003) Tortricidae of Europe, Volume 2, Olethreutinae. Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava. 301 pp." type="book" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, our data as well as various alternative literature sources (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E962FFA51217179FF3C33AE0" author="Schutze" box="[1076,1232,1968,1993]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" refString="Schutze, K. T. (1931) Die Biologie der Kleinschmetterlinge unter besonderer Berucksichtigung ihrer Nahrpflanzen und Erscheinungszeiten. Internationaler Entomologischer Verein, Frankfurt. 235 pp." type="book" year="1931">Schütze 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) support a single generation of adults primarily in May and June. The reported larval host is willow (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA512B617FBF3DE3AC4" box="[1173,1229,2004,2029]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E962FFA512B617FBF3DE3AC4" box="[1173,1229,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E962FFA5133F17FBF2873AC4" box="[1308,1428,2004,2029]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E963FFA416BD10B8F6473D99" author="Razowski" box="[158,340,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" refString="Razowski, J. (2003) Tortricidae of Europe, Volume 2, Olethreutinae. Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava. 301 pp." type="book" year="2003">Razowski 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although this species prefers different kind of hygrophilous to mesophilous woods such those found in riverine forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BABD655BE963FFA416E410F0F4323FE5" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F21836D0E963FFA416E410F0F39D3C4C" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="42CF3C8DE963FFA416E410F0F39D3C4C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324202945" country="United Kingdom" location="Kent" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kent" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA416E410F0F6273DD1" bold="true" box="[199,308,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA4176510F0F53F3DD1" box="[326,556,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA4176510F0F53F3DD1" box="[326,556,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">Phalaena geminana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from material collected on one occasion in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E963FFA412CF10CFF2353DDE" box="[1260,1318,224,247]" country="United Kingdom" name="Kent" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">Kent</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E963FFA4131610CFF6B93C35" author="Donovan" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" refString="Donovan, E. (1806) The Natural History of British Insects: Explaining them in their several states, with the periods of their transformations, their food, oeconomy, etc. Together with the history of such minute insects as require investigation by the microscope: the whole illustrated by coloured figures, designed and executed from living specimens. Volume 11. pp. 361 - 396." type="journal article" year="1806">Donovan (1806: pl. 370, fig. 1, 1)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
figured two slightly deviating specimens, indicating that the species was described from more than a singleton. No
|
||
<typeStatus id="2D1C8872E963FFA417E31107F6E33C69" box="[448,496,296,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material could be found in the collections of the Natural History Museum (London,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8AB07640E963FFA416B41163F7D03C4D" box="[151,195,332,356]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
), but the precise color figures of the original description leave no doubt of the identity.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F21836D0E963FFA416E41140F5603F15" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">
|
||
Prior to the release of the first world tortricid catalogue (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E963FFA41552115FF3153CA1" author="Brown" box="[881,1030,367,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" refString="Brown, J. W. (2005) World catalogue of insects. Volume 5: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark. 741 pp." type="book" year="2005">Brown 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the majority of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA412F81140F23D3CA1" box="[1243,1326,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA412F81140F23D3CA1" box="[1243,1326,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">Ancylis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in North America with a wing pattern similar to species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA414D711BBF4923C85" box="[756,897,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA414D711BBF4923C85" box="[756,897,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. geminana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA4128111BBF2523C84" box="[1186,1345,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA4128111BBF2523C84" box="[1186,1345,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. diminutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E963FFA4137311BAF7F23CF9" author="Brown" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" refString="Brown, J. W. (2005) World catalogue of insects. Volume 5: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark. 741 pp." type="book" year="2005">Brown (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
realized that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA4175E1197F50E3CF9" box="[381,541,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA4175E1197F50E3CF9" box="[381,541,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. diminutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not occur in North America, and determined that specimens in the USNM under that name were actually
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA417DD11F3F59D3CDD" box="[510,654,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA417DD11F3F59D3CDD" box="[510,654,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. geminana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, he synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA4158F11F3F34F3CDC" box="[940,1116,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA4158F11F3F34F3CDC" box="[940,1116,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. diminuatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(formally determined to be nothing more than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA4175F122FF5333F31" box="[380,544,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA4175F122FF5333F31" box="[380,544,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. diminutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from North America by Heinrich) with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA4122A122FF38F3F31" box="[1033,1180,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA4122A122FF38F3F31" box="[1033,1180,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. geminana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He also included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA413A7122FF6093F14" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subarcuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA413A7122FF6093F14" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. subarcuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA417FC120BF57F3F15" box="[479,620,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA417FC120BF57F3F15" box="[479,620,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. geminana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F21836D0E963FFA416E41267F4323FE5" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="42CF3C8DE963FFA416E41267F4323FE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324202950" collectionCode="DNA" location="Figure" municipality="North America" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="94B6AE15E963FFA416E41267F6173F49" box="[199,260,584,608]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
barcode data has helped greatly in solving this taxonomic chaos.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6A9C2A55E963FFA412211268F3713F49" box="[1026,1122,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1935,1957]" captionTargetBox="[233,1361,204,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[215,1371,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining tree of COI DNA barcode data obtained from BOLD (K 2 P model). Clusters representing morphologically distinct species are color-coded with the corresponding species name." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163368/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<location id="F778600BE963FFA412211268F3583F49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A0E87C6E962FFA416B41380F4323FE5:F778600BE963FFA412211268F3583F49" box="[1026,1099,583,608]" municipality="North America" name="Figure" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">Figure</location>
|
||
1
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA412CC1267F2933F49" box="[1263,1408,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA412CC1267F2933F49" box="[1263,1408,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. geminana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clearly separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA417B01243F52B3FAC" box="[403,568,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subarcuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA417B01243F52B3FAC" box="[403,568,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. subarcuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and both are only found in the Palearctic. The remaining specimens from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="127CACAAE963FFA416B412A0F6503F81" box="[151,323,655,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">North America</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, mostly misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA4147E12BFF5E53F81" box="[605,758,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA4147E12BFF5E53F81" box="[605,758,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. carbonana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, match the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2D1C8872E963FFA4155F12BFF4BF3F81" box="[892,940,656,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E963FFA415F012BFF3933F81" box="[979,1152,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E963FFA415F012BFF3933F81" box="[979,1152,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">A. diminuatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All three species can be reliably separated from each other using forewing pattern.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |