297 lines
33 KiB
XML
297 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="666FBCEEB9D7CA22FF7BAA88FEC78408" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e86d5f4d-f965-4329-91c5-cfcd7c8ed33b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="163367" ID-ZooBank="70509AD2-640A-497C-83EA-85B3EBEA35A0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477466785637" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gilligan, Todd, Huemer, Peter & Wiesmair, Benjamin" docDate="2016" docId="7A0E87C6E961FFA116B41268F32C3C85" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4178.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4178 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ancylis diminuatana Kearfott 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="366" masterDocId="8637FFBEE972FFB51623102FF7133D29" masterDocTitle="Different continents, same species? Resolving the taxonomy of some Holarctic Ancylis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)" masterLastPageNumber="370" masterPageNumber="347" pageNumber="366" updateTime="1698390823962" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F29D23CC2EFE1A7C7A3DA18A4BF757A6">Different continents, same species? Resolving the taxonomy of some Holarctic Ancylis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9A5CD81A08AB4B1CA194B5AE7FD3953E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="54DBBC4E593BAC04D954F313F1A153C4">Gilligan, Todd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3587CF639562115B33B25E8B7C4C7A2C">Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C3283142FAD7A7F32867AD60B896742C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="81F6D854621214F86E46EC807CF7D06D">Wiesmair, Benjamin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A096D76FE8345D219A1F3A2DD00416B5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1556897DE35C44113D4265DFBABB933A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F3AFBCCA06D75B7876C1C09B9BD342A2">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="172CA23B66CC22D7B03A5709AD7C2CD2">4178</mods:number>
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<treatment id="7A0E87C6E961FFA116B41268F32C3C85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6087652" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124558283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6087652" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A0E87C6E961FFA116B41268F32C3C85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A0E87C6E961FFA116B41268F32C3C85" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
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<subSubSection id="BABD655BE961FFA616B41268F5743FAA" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F21836D0E961FFA616B41268F55D3F4B" blockId="19.[151,615,583,643]" box="[151,590,583,610]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
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<heading id="A95081BCE961FFA616B41268F55D3F4B" bold="true" box="[151,590,583,610]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA616B41268F55D3F4B" ID-CoL="93QGC" authority="Kearfott, 1905" authorityName="Kearfott" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,590,583,610]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA616B41268F55D3F4B" bold="true" box="[151,590,583,610]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA616B41268F6813F48" bold="true" box="[151,402,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Ancylis diminuatana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E961FFA617BA1267F55D3F4B" author="Kearfott" box="[409,590,584,610]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" refString="Kearfott, W. D. (1905) Descriptions of new species of tortricid moths from North Carolina, with notes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 28, 349 - 364. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1398.349" type="journal article" year="1905">Kearfott, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F21836D0E961FFA616B41245F5743FAA" blockId="19.[151,615,583,643]" box="[151,615,618,643]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Figs. 39–43, 44–46 (complex), 70–71, 84</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BABD655BE961FFA616B4129DF48F3FE1" box="[151,924,690,712]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F21836D0E961FFA616B4129DF48F3FE1" blockId="19.[151,924,690,712]" box="[151,924,690,712]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
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<materialsCitation id="42CF3C8DE961FFA616B4129DF48F3FE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324202962" box="[151,924,690,712]" country="United States of America" location="Mus" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mus">
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA616B4129DF5173FE1" ID-CoL="93QGC" authority="Kearfott, 1905" authorityName="Kearfott" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,516,690,712]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA616B4129DF67B3FE1" box="[151,360,690,712]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Ancylis diminuatana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E961FFA6174D129DF5173FE1" author="Kearfott" box="[366,516,690,712]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" refString="Kearfott, W. D. (1905) Descriptions of new species of tortricid moths from North Carolina, with notes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 28, 349 - 364. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1398.349" type="journal article" year="1905">Kearfott, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6142D129CF5FA3FE1" box="[526,745,691,712]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
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Proc.
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<collectingCountry id="8AB07640E961FFA61468129CF5643FE1" box="[587,631,691,712]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
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U.
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA61447129CF5643FE1" box="[612,631,691,712]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natn">S.</taxonomicName>
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</collectingCountry>
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natn.
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<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA61494129CF5F53FE1" box="[695,742,691,712]" country="Turkey" name="Mus" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Mus</collectingRegion>
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.
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</emphasis>
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28: 361.
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6156B129CF48F3FE1" bold="true" box="[840,924,691,712]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">stat.rev.</emphasis>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BABD655BE961FFA616B412DAF4DF3926" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="F21836D0E961FFA616B412DAF4DF3926" blockId="19.[151,1437,757,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA616B412DAF6193E27" bold="true" box="[151,266,757,782]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA6173F12DAF5143E27" box="[284,519,757,782]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6173F12DAF5143E27" box="[284,519,757,782]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Ancylis diminuatana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished by its “three-toned” forewing, which is pale tan on the costa, reddish brown to dark brown in the remainder of the costal half, and gray in the dorsal half. In most specimens, the shape of the longitudinal line is also distinctive, as it curves only slightly towards the cubitus before reaching CuA2 (Figs. 39 – 41); however, in some specimens the longitudinal line curves abruptly to the cubitus and down to CuA2 (Fig. 42). Other similar species (
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA6142613A3F5813E8A" box="[517,658,908,931]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6142613A3F5813E8A" box="[517,658,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. geminana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA6148213A3F4533E8D" box="[673,832,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminutana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6148213A3F4533E8D" box="[673,832,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. diminutana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) appear two-toned, with contrasting costal and dorsal halves of the forewing. Also, the longitudinal line in these other species is more sinuate. Because of the pale tan costa, some specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA617E813FBF5673EC5" box="[459,628,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phoxopteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goodelliana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA617E813FBF5673EC5" box="[459,628,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. goodelliana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA614AB13FBF4313EC5" box="[648,802,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguicella">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA614AB13FBF4313EC5" box="[648,802,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. unguicella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group) appear similar to
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA6127013FBF2103EC5" box="[1107,1283,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6127013FBF2103EC5" box="[1107,1283,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. diminuatana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the two species have very different genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="6A9C2A55E961FFA6141913D9F5D13926" box="[570,706,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 – 74" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1851,1874]" captionTargetBox="[175,1410,223,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[170,1418,223,1817]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 67 – 74. Male genitalia. 67, A. geminana ([no data], TMG 618). 68, A. christiandiana (Austria, TOR 464 P. Huemer). 69, A. diminutana (Germany, TMG 616). 70 – 71, A. diminuatana (70, Maryland, TMG 688; 71, Nebraska, TMG 635). 72, A. saliana (Florida, TMG 676). 73 – 74, A. subarcuana (73, Austria, TMG 619; 74, Germany, TMG 703)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258418/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Figs. 70–71</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6A9C2A55E961FFA614EE13D8F5FA3926" box="[717,745,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 – 86" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1807,1830]" captionTargetBox="[182,1409,195,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[169,1417,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 81 – 86. Female genitalia (arrows denote origination of ductus seminalis). 81, A. geminana (Germany, TMG 675). 82, A. christiandiana (Austria, TOR 478 P. Huemer). 83, A. diminutana (Germany, TMG 617). 84, A. diminuatana (Ohio, TMG 412). 85, A. saliana (Florida, TMG 629). 86, A. subarcuana (Germany, TMG 620)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258419/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">84</figureCitation>
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versus
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<figureCitation id="6A9C2A55E961FFA6151C13D9F48F3926" box="[831,924,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURES 59 – 66" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1807,1830]" captionTargetBox="[181,1417,193,1786]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[169,1417,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 59 – 66. Male genitalia. 59 – 60, A. unguicella (59, Colorado, TMG 685; 60, Austria, TMG 681). 61 – 62, A. pacificana (61, California, TMG 678; 62, California, TMG 686). 63 – 64, A. uncella (63, Russia, TMG 679; 64, Maine, TMG 698). 65, A. goodelliana (Connecticut, TMG 705). 66, A. oregonensis (Oregon, TMG 633)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258417/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Figs. 65</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6A9C2A55E961FFA6158413D8F4D73926" box="[935,964,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURES 75 – 80" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1807,1830]" captionTargetBox="[208,1408,198,1778]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[169,1417,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 75 – 80. Female genitalia (arrows denote origination of ductus seminalis). 75, A. unguicella (Germany, TMG 682). 75, A. pacificana (California, TMG 687). 77 – 78, A. uncella (74, Germany, TMG 680; 75, Pennsylvania, TMG 700). 79, A. goodelliana (New York, TMG 704). 80, A. oregonensis (Oregon, TMG 630)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163371/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">79</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BABD655BE961FFA616E41434F6D738AA" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F21836D0E961FFA616E41434F4E5383F" blockId="19.[151,1437,757,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA616E41434F67E391D" bold="true" box="[199,365,1051,1076]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Redescription</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6175F1433F6FB391A" box="[380,488,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Forewing</emphasis>
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||
. FWL Ƌ
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||
<quantity id="355F9B35E961FFA614761434F5CF391A" box="[597,732,1051,1076]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–7.5 mm</quantity>
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(n=44),
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<specimenCount id="E4A1FD59E961FFA6151D1433F440391A" box="[830,851,1052,1075]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<quantity id="355F9B35E961FFA615791434F4DE391A" box="[858,973,1051,1076]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" unit="mm" value="6.75" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.5">5.5–8 mm</quantity>
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(n=16). The costa is pale tan in the basal 0.5–0.75 of the wing. The remainder of the costal half is brown to reddish brown, becoming darker at the longitudinal line. The dorsal half is pale gray to brownish gray. The longitudinal line starts at A1+2 at the base of the wing, curves only slightly towards the cubitus before reaching CuA2, and then angles in a diagonal line to the apex. In some specimens the longitudinal line curves abruptly to the cubitus and down to CuA2 before angling to the apex. Small black streaks are often present just proximal to where the longitudinal line intersects M1.
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6134114F8F7E8383E" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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. As described for the group.
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6146214D1F5EC383E" box="[577,767,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Female genitalia</emphasis>
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. As in
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<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA6157314D0F4FD383E" box="[848,1006,1278,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminutana">
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<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6157314D0F4FD383E" box="[848,1006,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. diminutana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F21836D0E961FFA616E4150DF6D738AA" blockId="19.[151,1437,757,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA616E4150DF6973812" bold="true" box="[199,388,1314,1339]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Molecular data.</emphasis>
|
||
BIN URI: BOLD: AAA7190. The intraspecific divergence of the barcode region is moderate with average 0.32% and maximum 1.28% (n=87). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA612DB1568F28F3876" box="[1272,1436,1350,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subarcuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA612DB1568F28F3876" box="[1272,1436,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. subarcuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BIN AAB3492) is 3.53%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BABD655BE961FFA616E415A1F2823B1E" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F21836D0E961FFA616E415A1F2823B1E" blockId="19.[151,1437,757,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<bibRef id="2B07A226E961FFA616E415A1F2823B1E" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" type="book">
|
||
<title id="80A3DDE6E961FFA616E415A1F64A388E" box="[199,345,1422,1447]" jopScore="0.002739726" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA616E415A1F64A388E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1422,1447]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<author id="2A1ADE35E961FFA6174415A0F512388F" box="[359,513,1422,1447]" fns="I" npo="LF" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
|
||
In
|
||
<editor id="343BDED3E961FFA617A515A1F512388F" box="[390,513,1422,1447]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8AB07640E961FFA617A515A1F6CE388E" box="[390,477,1422,1447]" name="Canada" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA617CB15A0F512388F" box="[488,513,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A.</emphasis>
|
||
</editor>
|
||
</author>
|
||
<volumeTitle id="4D0B54E0E961FFA6142B15A1F7E338E3" jopScore="0.32665238" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
|
||
diminuatana is distributed from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA6155715A1F4DA388E" box="[884,969,1422,1447]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||
west to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA6120A15A1F36E388E" box="[1065,1149,1422,1447]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA6129715A1F269388E" box="[1204,1402,1422,1447]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
. In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8AB07640E961FFA616E2159DF7E338E3" box="[193,240,1458,1482]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">U.S</collectingCountry>
|
||
</volumeTitle>
|
||
.,
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA61721159CF6A338E2" box="[258,432,1458,1483]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. diminuatana</emphasis>
|
||
is distributed from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA614B3159CF45B38E2" box="[656,840,1458,1483]" country="United States of America" name="New Hampshire" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
|
||
New
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA614EE159DF45B38E2" box="[717,840,1458,1483]" country="United Kingdom" name="Hampshire" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Hampshire</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA6155C159DF33738E2" box="[895,1060,1458,1483]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, south to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA612B1159DF22C38E2" box="[1170,1343,1458,1483]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, west to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA616B415F9F61738C6" box="[151,260,1494,1519]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and possibly beyond.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="96364B21E961FFA6142615F9F5A738C6" author="Kearfott" box="[517,692,1494,1519]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" refString="Kearfott, W. D. (1905) Descriptions of new species of tortricid moths from North Carolina, with notes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 28, 349 - 364. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1398.349" type="journal article" year="1905">
|
||
Kearfott (
|
||
<year id="860F7783E961FFA6145115F9F5BF38C6" box="[626,684,1494,1519]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">1905</year>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="28663C1CE961FFA6149F15F9F29F3B1E" jopScore="1.6191813" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" type="_" typeScore="46">
|
||
included specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA615FD15F9F35538C6" box="[990,1094,1494,1519]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
in his
|
||
<typeStatus id="2D1C8872E961FFA612B015F8F3D038C6" box="[1171,1219,1495,1519]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series although we have not located any specimens that we could confirm as
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6150615D4F4C03B3A" box="[805,979,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. diminuatana</emphasis>
|
||
from that state. We did identify a single female from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA617041631F68A3B1E" box="[295,409,1566,1591]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
and specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA614AB1631F41E3B1E" box="[648,781,1566,1591]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
(discussed below) that we would confirm as this species
|
||
</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
.
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BABD655BE961FFA616E4166DF6613B8B" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F21836D0E961FFA616E4166DF6613B8B" blockId="19.[151,1437,757,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA616E4166DF60C3B72" bold="true" box="[199,287,1602,1627]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Label data suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA61463166CF5FE3B72" box="[576,749,1602,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA61463166CF5FE3B72" box="[576,749,1602,1627]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. diminuatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is bivoltine in the East, with adults present May though early July and again mid-August through September. Several specimens from the USNM appear to be reared from willow (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA616D616A5F63E3B8A" box="[245,301,1674,1699]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA616D616A5F63E3B8A" box="[245,301,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BABD655BE961FFA116E41681F32C3C85" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F21836D0E961FFA616E41681F4213A7F" blockId="19.[151,1437,757,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA616E41681F6273BEE" bold="true" box="[199,308,1710,1735]" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA617671681F53E3BEE" box="[324,557,1710,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA617671681F53E3BEE" box="[324,557,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Ancylis diminuatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been consistently misidentified in North America, first as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA612D81680F2883BEE" box="[1275,1435,1710,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA612D81680F2883BEE" box="[1275,1435,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. diminutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and then as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA6173E16FCF6B83BC3" box="[285,427,1747,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6173E16FCF6B83BC3" box="[285,427,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. geminana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA6147A16FCF4153BC2" box="[601,774,1746,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6147A16FCF4153BC2" box="[601,774,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. diminuatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in BOLD consistently misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA612E516FCF24D3BC2" box="[1222,1374,1746,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA612E516FCF24D3BC2" box="[1222,1374,1746,1771]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. carbonana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6A9C2A55E961FFA6134D16FDF7B03A26" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1935,1957]" captionTargetBox="[233,1361,204,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[215,1371,193,1899]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining tree of COI DNA barcode data obtained from BOLD (K 2 P model). Clusters representing morphologically distinct species are color-coded with the corresponding species name." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/163368/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) demonstrate some of the dangers in relying on only DNA data for determinations—it is obvious from the online photographs that none of these specimens is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA6148D1734F45F3A1A" box="[686,844,1818,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA6148D1734F45F3A1A" box="[686,844,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. carbonana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The DNA data do clearly separate this group of Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA616DF1710F6BA3A7E" box="[252,425,1854,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA616DF1710F6BA3A7E" box="[252,425,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. diminuatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Palearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA614AF1710F4393A7E" box="[652,810,1854,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA614AF1710F4393A7E" box="[652,810,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. diminutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F21836D0E961FFA116E4174CF32C3C85" blockId="19.[151,1437,757,2023]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">
|
||
We have identified several specimens from the American West that most closely match
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA612BF174CF25A3A52" box="[1180,1353,1890,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA612BF174CF25A3A52" box="[1180,1353,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. diminuatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but are unlikely to be the same species. Figures 43–44 illustrate two specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E961FFA615D517A9F3683AB6" box="[1014,1147,1926,1951]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Fig. 43, Everett; Fig. 44, Yakima). The Everett specimen (and another from the same date and locality) appears to be a typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E961FFA613A71784F6363ACE" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E961FFA613A71784F6363ACE" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="366">A. diminuatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with slightly darker markings; however, the Yakima specimen, and a similar specimen from Walla Walla (not illustrated), appears more two-toned, and the longitudinal line is much more sinuate. Similarly, the specimen in Fig. 45 from Silverton,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E966FFA1140E1093F58B3DFC" box="[557,664,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="20" pageNumber="367">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
, is nearly black and white with a sinuate longitudinal line. Two other specimens (not illustrated) from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E966FFA1143010F0F5683DD1" box="[531,635,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="20" pageNumber="367">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
match this phenotype. The specimen in Fig. 46 from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E966FFA112DA10F0F2543DD1" box="[1273,1351,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="20" pageNumber="367">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
is also unusual with subdued markings and a sinuate longitudinal line. Other specimens (not illustrated) from the Humboldt Mountains in northwest
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E966FFA114081108F5923C69" box="[555,641,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="20" pageNumber="367">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Provo,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3063F832E966FFA115331108F4553C69" box="[784,838,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="20" pageNumber="367">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
have wing patterns similar to those in Figs. 45–46. Unfortunately, none of these specimens were collected recently enough to obtain quality DNA sequence data. Thus, we hesitate to describe any additional species until additional diagnostic characters are discovered and include all of these phenotypes as a potential species complex with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35A74D53E966FFA115A811BBF32B3C84" box="[907,1080,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Ancylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuatana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0D3EAC2E966FFA115A811BBF32B3C84" box="[907,1080,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="367">A. diminuatana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |