371 lines
46 KiB
XML
371 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="987F6EF0A6C3D655FC237330A322F223" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11450473" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11450473" ID-ZooBank="C054B0D4-FD00-4AE7-BBA7-C75A12368561" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1717426151262" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tang, William, Skelley, Paul E., Taylor B, Alberto S. & Salzman, Shayla" docDate="2024" docId="5627444EE92FFFC6E3B57B61FCF3426F" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2024.1043.1-40.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2024 (43)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.4:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pharaxonotha manicatae Tang, Skelley and A. S. Taylor 2024, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="AA1E3C36E932FFE6E375790CFF80432B" masterDocTitle="Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting cones of the cycad Zamia L. (Cycadales) in Panama, with descriptions of five new species" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1717426969430" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="677EA09F03220EF00C4F86EB6BD91E73">
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<mods:title id="F7577382568F0F238C6FB4B46E1935DA">Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting cones of the cycad Zamia L. (Cycadales) in Panama, with descriptions of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="83A68EBE63CA417B7DBA3C0CCD728DE1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="517DC3C21EC52C0F6531632DE4C3540F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1462DFA161ED79F464BC1CBD0D948ABD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="75F6B8F9ED10C32F718E0E61FC3C82AF">Tang, William</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C1C3C15AF06492E0F3A961B92F52C279">Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture - DPI P. O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614 - 7100, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="80E38D9C505CD2D06AC4675270C58400" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="96D732F95E470F9AF4FD67355B446D64">Skelley, Paul E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2DCE59CA918A7F7F4674A6F573313B41">Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture - DPI P. O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614 - 7100, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9563D834B93954D5823D85B7C6789FB1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="595D8F01A3B669AFFB3E31DB108DD57E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B16741E9AC22AF50AEF1A5F83289828A">Taylor B, Alberto S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4CDFC2E418F12C065CF37AF2434071A9">Departamento de Botánica Universidad de Panamá Estafeta Universitaria, Panamá, Panamá</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9CF07D64D8BAB609D04A20E64EC69985">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="083FE8620A426DF530D4FC0BF8B5E9AF">Salzman, Shayla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AE2A2005C8FC93AC71D4E490DA5F4C66">Department of Entomology University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="32F60057F569BD2C5C4A23243E0AE8A2">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1591831510BB02194B119C4B4EDC5A1E">
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<mods:date id="81D015F6B6DAE7DA3CDC4D69F1DF366B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7AEC1AAD5F4CE507A327A02CCC468D65">2024-04-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="405B6DA6F91A0E5CDEE70321C07E5F89">2024</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="41067253B3DD17D8EE1356FD268677DA">43</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D3BBA61C9A15EAA680D7C0B935529534" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.11450473</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="656B5F6B81C2479BF5B3A9C43FFF907A" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5627444EE92FFFC6E3B57B61FCF3426F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5627444EE92FFFC6E3B57B61FCF3426F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5627444EE92FFFC6E3B57B61FCF3426F" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E92FFFFBE3B57B61FC5F41A1" box="[192,991,621,650]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DE31F558E92FFFFBE3B57B61FC5F41A1" blockId="29.[192,991,621,684]" box="[192,991,621,650]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="85794234E92FFFFBE3B57B61FC5F41A1" box="[192,991,621,650]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92FFFFBE3B57B61FC5F41A1" bold="true" box="[192,991,621,650]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92FFFFBE3B57B61FCBE41A1" authority="Tang, Skelley and Taylor" authorityName="Tang, Skelley and A. S. Taylor" authorityYear="2024" box="[192,830,621,650]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92FFFFBE3B57B61FD8041A1" bold="true" box="[192,512,621,650]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Pharaxonotha manicatae</emphasis>
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Tang, Skelley and Taylor
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F7C99431E92FFFFBE03F7B62FC5F41A1" box="[842,991,621,650]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E92FFFFBE3B57B9EFEDD4187" box="[192,349,658,684]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DE31F558E92FFFFBE3B57B9EFEDD4187" blockId="29.[192,991,621,684]" box="[192,349,658,684]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
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<figureCitation id="46B5E9DDE92FFFFBE3B57B9EFEDD4187" box="[192,349,658,684]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="30.[192,261,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[329,1303,229,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-71@30.[329,1303,229,1811]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 10. Pharaxonotha manicatae (A-E: male holotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–E) Head, dorsal and ventral views. F) Genital capsule and tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral view. H) Retracted ovipositor, ventral view. I) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450519/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Figures 10A–J</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E92FFFFBE3B57BB7FD604075" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="DE31F558E92FFFFBE3B57BB7FD604075" blockId="29.[192,1440,699,862]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92FFFFBE3B57BB7FE0041FE" bold="true" box="[192,384,699,725]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Adult diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92FFFFBE2F27BB0FD1C41FE" authorityName="Tang, Skelley and A. S. Taylor" authorityYear="2024" box="[391,668,700,726]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatae">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92FFFFBE2F27BB0FD1C41FE" box="[391,668,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Pharaxonotha manicatae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the second smallest member of the genus in
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<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E92FFFFBE7DB7BB0FA8A41FD" box="[1198,1290,700,726]" name="Panama" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, length
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<quantity id="197658BDE92FFFFBE6167BB0FEA341D3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" metricValueMax="2.31" metricValueMin="2.03" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.17" valueMax="2.31" valueMin="2.03">2.03– 2.31 mm</quantity>
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(mean =
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<quantity id="197658BDE92FFFFBE2E57BD2FE7541D3" box="[400,501,734,760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.19">2.19 mm</quantity>
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, n = 17). Other distinguishing characters include the relatively long pronotum, with pronotal width/pronotal length = (0.77)
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<quantity id="197658BDE92FFFFBE1E07A0CFCBA4031" box="[661,826,768,794]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.84" valueMax="0.88" valueMin="0.8">0.80–0.88 mm</quantity>
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(mean =
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<quantity id="197658BDE92FFFFBE0C57A0CFB994031" box="[944,1049,768,794]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.299999999999999" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.83">0.83 mm</quantity>
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, n = 17);
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<materialsCitation id="6EE6FF05E92FFFFBE7E57A0CFD5D4075" country="Colombia" location="Antioquia" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Antioquia">
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and known distribution in eastern Darien province
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<collectedFrom id="6D92B6A5E92FFFFBE28D7A2EFD554017" box="[504,725,802,828]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
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on
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<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92FFFFBE16A7A2FFD554017" box="[543,725,803,828]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92FFFFBE16A7A2FFD554017" box="[543,725,803,828]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Zamia manicata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</collectedFrom>
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. Host and thus very likely this beetle extends into neighboring
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<collectingRegion id="1C4A3BBAE92FFFFBE3B77A48FEB44075" box="[194,308,836,862]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
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and Chocó departments of
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<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E92FFFFBE11E7A48FD5D4075" box="[619,733,836,862]" name="Colombia" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E92FFFF9E3B57A62FD0D40A2" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DE31F558E92FFFFBE3B57A62FBBF473A" blockId="29.[191,1442,878,1927]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92FFFFBE3B57A62FED240A3" bold="true" box="[192,338,878,904]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Description.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="01354BFAE92FFFFBE22D7A63FE0F40A2" box="[344,399,879,905]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
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series length
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<quantity id="197658BDE92FFFFBE1537A62FD4740A2" box="[550,711,878,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" metricValueMax="2.31" metricValueMin="2.03" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.17" valueMax="2.31" valueMin="2.03">2.03–2.31 mm</quantity>
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, width
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<quantity id="197658BDE92FFFFBE06D7A62FC3B40A2" box="[792,955,878,905]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.91" valueMax="1.08" valueMin="0.74">0.74–1.08 mm</quantity>
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. Body (
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<figureCitation id="46B5E9DDE92FFFFBE7787A62FB0E40A3" box="[1037,1166,878,904]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="30.[192,261,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[329,1303,229,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-71@30.[329,1303,229,1811]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 10. Pharaxonotha manicatae (A-E: male holotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–E) Head, dorsal and ventral views. F) Genital capsule and tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral view. H) Retracted ovipositor, ventral view. I) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450519/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Fig. 10A–C</figureCitation>
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) in dorsal view elongate, somewhat cylindrical, greatest width at middle of elytra; in lateral view weakly convex dorsally. General body color entirely pale yellow-brown; dorsal surface punctate, weakly alutaceous, shining and appearing glabrous, short procumbent hairs associated with punctation on pronotum and elytra, ventrally shining and appearing glabrous except mesoventrite and abdomen with short sparse procumbent setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE31F558E92FFFFBE2757D14FC0F46E0" blockId="29.[191,1442,878,1927]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92FFFFBE2757D14FEBE4719" bold="true" box="[256,318,1048,1074]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Head</emphasis>
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not broad (
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<figureCitation id="46B5E9DDE92FFFFBE2A47D14FDDA4719" box="[465,602,1048,1074]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="30.[192,261,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[329,1303,229,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-71@30.[329,1303,229,1811]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 10. Pharaxonotha manicatae (A-E: male holotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–E) Head, dorsal and ventral views. F) Genital capsule and tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral view. H) Retracted ovipositor, ventral view. I) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450519/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Fig. 10D–E</figureCitation>
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), width = 0.76–0.81× pronotal width; in dorsal view conical, gradually narrowed anteriorly, surface flat to slightly convex, finely, moderately punctured, average distance between closest punctures 3–4× width of puncture; head width
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<quantity id="197658BDE92FFFFBE1A27D50FCFC475C" box="[727,892,1116,1143]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.525" valueMax="0.56" valueMin="0.49">0.49–0.56 mm</quantity>
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; dorsal interocular distance
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<quantity id="197658BDE92FFFFBE7CE7D51FADE475C" box="[1211,1374,1117,1143]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.31" valueMax="0.33" valueMin="0.29">0.29–0.33 mm</quantity>
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, head width/dorsal interocular distance ratio 1.59–1.83, ventral interocular distance
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<quantity id="197658BDE92FFFFBE7577D73FB4447B2" box="[1058,1220,1151,1177]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.22499999999999998" valueMax="0.24" valueMin="0.21">0.21–0.24 mm</quantity>
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, head width/ventral interocular distance ratio 2.27–2.50. Eye with large black facets, about 2× diameter of head punctures. Antennal length slightly shorter than pronotal width, 1.2× head width; antennomere I (scape) fairly large, slightly elongate; antennomere II slightly larger than III; IV circular; IV–VIII small, equal in length, VII–VIII becoming slightly wider with flattened apex; club fairly large, IX and X similar in length; XI not enlarged, slightly longer than X, globular with rounded apex. Clypeus weakly concave anteriorly, moderately punctate. Transverse occipital line [vertexal line] distinct from eye to eye. Mentum and submentum coarsely punctured, distance between nearest punctures approximately 2–3× own diameter, each puncture with a short seta; submentum with weak medial depression visible on some. Gular area smooth, without punctation or setae, border with submentum marked by change in punctuation and with a shallow transverse depression.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE31F558E92FFFF9E2757CDFFC8B4118" blockId="29.[191,1442,878,1927]" lastBlockId="31.[191,1442,230,905]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92FFFFBE2757CDFFED346C6" bold="true" box="[256,339,1491,1517]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
with pronotum transversely quadrate in dorsal view, length/width ratio 0.77–0.88; with distinct marginal carina laterally and basally, anteriorly with fine marginal carina medially; surface mostly convex, slightly flattened medially; anterior angles broadly rounded, not projecting forward; posterior angles rounded, lacking small denticle at angle; lateral margin evenly shallowly arcuate medially, more strongly anteriorly and posteriorly; posterior margin slightly projecting medially, projection beginning approximately by pair of small, dark pores in margin located 1/4 width from posterior angles, each pore marks base place where an indistinct sulcus may extend anteriorly onto disc at most 1/8 length of pronotum, sulcus usually lacking. Prosternum in ventral view convex, with few scattered punctures; anterior margin slightly emarginate, finely denticulate with row of long, anteriorly directed setae, longest setae approximately 1/3 length of eye; prosternal process convex apically, expanded and truncate at apex. Hypomeron laterally with few minute punctures, medially lacking distinct longitudinal striations. Scutellar shield distinctly transverse pentagonal, posterior margin weakly rounded. Elytra in dorsal view elongate, convex; length/width 1.45–1.89, greatest width near midlength; with distinct marginal line basally; 10 complete striae of moderate puncture size; scutellary striole extending 1/4 elytral length, with 10–15 punctures; punctures of elytral striae slightly larger than pronotal punctures, striae not impressed; intervals of striae with fine, shallow punctures, 1/2 size of strial punctures; all punctures of elytral bearing a single short seta; seta only visible in profile, extending slightly out of puncture. Mesoventrite with fine indistinct punctuation. Metaventrite glossy, with weak lateral punctation separated by 4–5× own diameter; medial surface indistinctly punctured; entire surface convex, metathoracic discrimen extending approximately 3/4 metaventrite length. Legs narrow, relatively similar in length and shape. Procoxa oval; mesocoxa globular; metacoxa transversely elongate-oval; trochanters obliquely truncate apically; femora weakly robust, moderately compressed laterally; tibiae shorter than femora, weakly widening to truncate apices; protibia with apical lateral tooth weak, with complete apical fringe of short spinules on straight ventral apical margin; meso- and metatibia with apical fringe of short spinules on anterior margin, finer setae on posterior margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8AF1A5D0E92CFFF8E3B57E3DFAF744AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450519" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11450519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450519/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" startId="30.[192,261,1841,1865]" targetBox="[329,1303,229,1811]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E92CFFF8E3B57E3DFAF744AD" blockId="30.[192,1440,1841,1926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92CFFF8E3B57E3DFEAB4462" bold="true" box="[192,299,1841,1865]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92CFFF8E2447E3DFDAC4462" authorityName="Tang, Skelley and A. S. Taylor" authorityYear="2024" box="[305,556,1841,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92CFFF8E2447E3DFDAC4462" box="[305,556,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Pharaxonotha manicatae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A-E: male holotype).
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92CFFF8E0617E3DFCCC4462" bold="true" box="[788,844,1841,1865]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">A–C)</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92CFFF8E7C37E3DFB6D4462" bold="true" box="[1206,1261,1841,1865]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">D–E)</emphasis>
|
||
Head, dorsal and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92CFFF8E2257E43FEE7444C" bold="true" box="[336,359,1871,1895]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">F)</emphasis>
|
||
Genital capsule and tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92CFFF8E65B7E43FAC9444C" bold="true" box="[1326,1353,1871,1895]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">G)</emphasis>
|
||
Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92CFFF8E0237E62FCF344AD" bold="true" box="[854,883,1902,1926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">H)</emphasis>
|
||
Retracted ovipositor, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92CFFF8E7A07E62FB6844AD" bold="true" box="[1237,1256,1902,1926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">I)</emphasis>
|
||
Spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E92DFFF9E2757B37FAD0402B" blockId="31.[191,1442,230,905]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E2757B37FEFB417E" bold="true" box="[256,379,571,597]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventrite apical margin bearing short, sparse setae; all ventrites finely, sparsely punctate across surface, distance to nearest puncture approximately 4–5× diameter of puncture, punctures bearing mostly reclining setae; ventrite V with setae length nearly uniformly approximately 2× diameter of puncture; I–IV each with 2 or more median pairs of longer, semi-erect sensory hairs (difficult to see in poor lighting, often abraded). Male genitalia (n = 1) not distinctly dorsoventrally flattened, tegmen parallel-sided in dorsal view, parameres in dorsal view with asymmetrical apices; elongate cylindrical median lobe, and long coiled flagellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46B5E9DDE92DFFF9E7B57BEAFAC4402B" box="[1216,1348,742,768]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="30.[192,261,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[329,1303,229,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-71@30.[329,1303,229,1811]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 10. Pharaxonotha manicatae (A-E: male holotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–E) Head, dorsal and ventral views. F) Genital capsule and tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral view. H) Retracted ovipositor, ventral view. I) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450519/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E92DFFF9E2757A04FD0D40A2" blockId="31.[191,1442,230,905]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E2757A04FEDB4009" bold="true" box="[256,347,776,802]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to male, no sexual dimorphism observed. Genital tube elongate, length past abdominal segment VIII = 4× width (n = 1); gonostylus set apically on gonocoxite, gonostylus length = 4–5× width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46B5E9DDE92DFFF9E64E7A26FA13406F" box="[1339,1427,810,836]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="30.[192,261,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[329,1303,229,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-71@30.[329,1303,229,1811]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 10. Pharaxonotha manicatae (A-E: male holotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–E) Head, dorsal and ventral views. F) Genital capsule and tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral view. H) Retracted ovipositor, ventral view. I) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450519/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spermatheca C-shaped, apical third annulated and swollen, length ≈ 3× maximum width of apical third, basal third tapering to rounded base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46B5E9DDE92DFFF9E1537A63FD0140A2" box="[550,641,879,905]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="30.[192,261,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[329,1303,229,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-71@30.[329,1303,229,1811]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 10. Pharaxonotha manicatae (A-E: male holotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–E) Head, dorsal and ventral views. F) Genital capsule and tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral view. H) Retracted ovipositor, ventral view. I) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450519/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 10J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E92DFFF9E3B57A95FD2D47D5" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E92DFFF9E3B57A95FD044098" blockId="31.[192,644,921,947]" box="[192,644,921,947]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E3B57A95FEDB4098" bold="true" box="[192,347,921,947]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E92DFFF9E2147A95FE3E4098" box="[353,446,921,947]" name="Panama" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1C4A3BBAE92DFFF9E2B27A95FD014098" box="[455,641,921,947]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Darien province</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E92DFFF9E3B57ACFFD8D470A" blockId="31.[191,1439,963,1058]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E3B57ACFFE9140F6" bold="true" box="[192,273,963,989]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from easternmost
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E92DFFF9E1427AC8FD1340F5" box="[567,659,964,990]" name="Panama" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1C4A3BBAE92DFFF9E1CC7ACFFCF140F6" box="[697,881,963,989]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Darien Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in male cones of
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E7447AC8FB6C40F6" box="[1073,1260,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E7447AC8FB6940F6" box="[1073,1257,964,989]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">Zamia manicata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The host occurs in the neighboring
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1C4A3BBAE92DFFF9E2EB7AE9FD9040D4" box="[414,528,997,1023]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1C4A3BBAE92DFFF9E13E7AE9FD1540D4" box="[587,661,997,1023]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Chocó</collectingRegion>
|
||
departments of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E92DFFF9E0217AE9FC4340D4" box="[852,963,997,1023]" name="Colombia" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E92DFFF9E0A67AE9FB0740D4" author="Stevenson DW" box="[979,1159,997,1023]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref28013" refString="Stevenson DW. 1993. The Zamiaceae in Panama with comments on phytogeography and species relationships. Brittonia 45: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1993">Stevenson 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and this beetle is likely found into these areas as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E92DFFF9E3B57D3DFD924799" blockId="31.[191,1441,1073,1202]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E3B57D3DFE2F4760" bold="true" box="[192,431,1073,1099]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Materials examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6EE6FF05E92DFFF9E2C27D3DFD924799" collectingDate="2016-04" collectionCode="FSCA" collectorName="A. Taylor" country="Panama" location="Darien" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Darien" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="01354BFAE92DFFF9E2C27D3DFD9F4760" box="[439,543,1073,1099]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(by designation) male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E0327D3DFBDE4760" authorityName="Tang, Skelley and A. S. Taylor" authorityYear="2024" box="[839,1118,1073,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E0327D3DFBDE4760" box="[839,1118,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Pharaxonotha manicatae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E92DFFF9E1ED7D58FC914745" box="[664,785,1108,1134]" name="Panama" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1C4A3BBAE92DFFF9E06F7D58FCEA4745" box="[794,874,1108,1134]" country="Panama" name="Darien" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Darien</collectingRegion>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E0E77D58FBE2475A" box="[914,1122,1108,1137]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E0E77D58FBC74746" box="[914,1095,1108,1133]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">Zamia manicata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="C8883ED1E92DFFF9E7387D59FBE2475A" box="[1101,1122,1109,1137]" count="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
cone,
|
||
<date id="AA30D398E92DFFF9E7DF7D58FAA24746" box="[1194,1314,1107,1134]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" value="2016-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BA742A70E92DFFF9E7DF7D58FAA24746" box="[1194,1314,1107,1134]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" value="2016-04">April 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="737B908EE92DFFF9E6597D58FA134745" box="[1324,1427,1108,1134]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">A. Taylor</collectorName>
|
||
”. 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] “
|
||
<typeStatus id="01354BFAE92DFFF9E1E07D7AFCA747BB" box="[661,807,1142,1168]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E0597D7BFCC147B8" box="[812,833,1143,1171]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<specimenCount id="C8883ED1E92DFFF9E0597D7BFCC147B8" box="[812,833,1143,1171]" count="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E0327D7AFF754799" authority="Tang, Skelley and A. S. Taylor 2024" authorityName="Tang, Skelley and A. S. Taylor" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E0327D7AFBDB47BB" box="[839,1115,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Pharaxonotha manicatae</emphasis>
|
||
Tang, Skelley and A.S. Taylor 2024
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. Deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE92DFFF9E2BD7D94FD8D4799" box="[456,525,1176,1202]" country="USA" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E92DFFF9E3B57DCEFD2D47D5" blockId="31.[192,1440,1218,1279]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E3B57DCEFE7B47F7" bold="true" box="[192,507,1218,1244]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Additional
|
||
<typeStatus id="01354BFAE92DFFF9E23C7DCEFE3B47F7" box="[329,443,1218,1244]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(20).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="01354BFAE92DFFF9E1717DCEFDE447F7" box="[516,612,1218,1244]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE92DFFF9E1037DCEFD3D47F7" box="[630,701,1218,1244]" country="USA" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="C8883ED1E92DFFF9E0777DCEFCE047F7" box="[770,864,1218,1244]" count="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="adult">19 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="01354BFAE92DFFF9E01F7DCFFC5647F6" box="[874,982,1219,1245]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="01354BFAE92DFFF9E7087DCEFB6247F7" box="[1149,1250,1218,1244]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="01354BFAE92DFFF9E79A7DCFFADB47F6" box="[1263,1371,1219,1245]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
to be deposited in:
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE92DFFF9E2237DE8FE1B47D5" box="[342,411,1252,1278]" country="USA" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE92DFFF9E2D07DE9FE6A47D4" box="[421,490,1253,1279]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">MIUP</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE92DFFF9E2807DE9FDE247D4" box="[501,610,1253,1279]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE92DFFF9E1197DE8FD2847D5" box="[620,680,1252,1278]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">STRI</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E92DFFF9E3B57C02FEAD4661" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E92DFFF9E3B57C02FEAD4661" blockId="31.[192,1440,1294,1354]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E3B57C02FEC44603" bold="true" box="[192,324,1294,1320]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Name based on the host species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E1A27C03FC114603" box="[727,913,1295,1320]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E1A27C03FC114603" box="[727,913,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Zamia manicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in adjectival form
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E70E7C02FB6D4603" box="[1147,1261,1294,1320]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E7F37C03FB6D4603" box="[1158,1261,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">manicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E7997C03FA814603" box="[1260,1281,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">-e</emphasis>
|
||
”, meaning ‘of manicata’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E92DFFC6E3B57C57FCF3426F" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E92DFFF9E3B57C57FC7A4534" blockId="31.[192,1441,1371,1568]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E3B57C57FEAF465E" bold="true" box="[192,303,1371,1397]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on spermatheca morphology and its elongated pronotum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E76A7C57FB26465F" box="[1055,1190,1371,1396]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E76A7C57FB26465F" box="[1055,1190,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Z. manicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not fit in any of the other four species groups currently recognized in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E92DFFF9E0687C71FCF746BC" box="[797,887,1405,1431]" name="Panama" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is placed in its own species group. Although DNA analysis has not yet been conducted, spermatheca shape does not fit any in the recent radiations found throughout the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E2AF7CCDFDF646F0" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[474,630,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E2AF7CCDFDF646F0" box="[474,630,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and this lineage is currently placed among the early diverging lineages. No
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E39F7CEFFE1B46D6" box="[234,411,1507,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Belidae" genus="Notorhopalotria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E39F7CEFFE1B46D6" box="[234,411,1507,1533]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Notorhopalotria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
weevils have been detected to co-occur with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E0E87CE8FBA946D6" authorityName="Tang, Skelley and A. S. Taylor" authorityYear="2024" box="[925,1065,1508,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E0E87CE8FBA946D6" box="[925,1065,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">P. manicatae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in cones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E7C67CE8FAB846D6" box="[1203,1336,1508,1533]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E7C67CE8FAB846D6" box="[1203,1336,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Z. manicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E3B47F09FEDD4534" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[193,349,1541,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E3B47F09FEDD4534" box="[193,349,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently considered to be the sole pollinator in this host.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E92DFFF9E3B57F45FE4F454E" blockId="31.[192,463,1609,1638]" box="[192,463,1609,1638]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E3B57F45FE4F454E" bold="true" box="[192,463,1609,1638]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Taylori species group</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E92DFFF9E3B57F79FBA64411" blockId="31.[192,1441,1653,1850]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E3B57F79FE0245A4" bold="true" box="[192,386,1653,1679]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Adult diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E2FF7F79FDF745A4" box="[394,631,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taylori">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E2FF7F79FDF745A4" box="[394,631,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Pharaxonotha taylori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the smallest member of the genus in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E92DFFF9E7307F7AFB2145BB" box="[1093,1185,1654,1680]" name="Panama" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, length
|
||
<quantity id="197658BDE92DFFF9E7887F79FA2045BB" box="[1277,1440,1653,1680]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.835" metricValueMax="2.08" metricValueMin="1.59" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.835" valueMax="2.08" valueMin="1.59">1.59–2.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="197658BDE92DFFF9E2527F9BFE0D4599" box="[295,397,1687,1714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.79" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.79">1.79 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n = 17). Other distinguishing characters include the pale brown body coloration; pronotum with basal lateral sulcus of disc indistinct to absent; pronotal hind angles and humerus of elytra rounded, lacking small denticle; narrowed protibia with straight apical margin bearing complete row of short stout spinules; spermatheca with basal third much wider than apical third; male terminalia not distinctly dorsoventrally flattened; and known distribution in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E92DFFF9E1377E2CFD1C4411" box="[578,668,1824,1850]" name="Panama" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E1B17E2DFCE84411" box="[708,872,1825,1850]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cunaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E1B17E2DFCE84411" box="[708,872,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Zamia cunaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E0EA7E2DFBA04411" box="[927,1056,1825,1850]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ipetiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E0EA7E2DFBA04411" box="[927,1056,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Z. ipetiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E92DFFC6E3B57E46FCF3426F" blockId="31.[191,1440,1866,1927]" lastBlockId="32.[192,1441,230,325]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E3B57E46FEAF444F" bold="true" box="[192,303,1866,1892]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This is the sole representative of the taylori species group in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E92DFFF9E0B37E46FBA0444F" box="[966,1056,1866,1892]" name="Panama" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E92DFFF9E3B37E60FE0544AD" author="Tang W & Xu G & O'Brien CW & Calonje M & Franz NM & Johnston MA & Taylor A & Vovides AP & Perez-Farrera MA & Morales SH & Lazcano-Lara JC & Skelley P & Lopez-Gallego C & Lindstrom A & Rich S." box="[198,389,1900,1927]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28198" refString="Tang W, Xu G, O'Brien CW, Calonje M, Franz NM, Johnston MA, Taylor A, Vovides AP, Perez-Farrera MA, Salas- Morales SH, Lazcano-Lara JC, Skelley P, Lopez-Gallego C, Lindstrom A, Rich S. 2018 b. Molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses of New World cycad beetles: what they reveal about cycad evolution in the New World. Diversity 10 (38): 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2018">Tang et al. 2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2020) places it among the early diverging lineages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE92DFFF9E0A37E60FBF244AD" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[982,1138,1900,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE92DFFF9E0A37E60FBF244AD" box="[982,1138,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and indicates that a closely related or conspecific species occurs on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE912FFC6E1FC79EBFCCD422B" box="[649,845,230,256]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyrophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE912FFC6E1FC79EBFCCD422B" box="[649,845,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Zamia pyrophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the neighboring
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1C4A3BBAE912FFC6E75A79EAFA85422B" box="[1071,1285,230,256]" country="Colombia" name="Choco" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Chocó department</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E912FFC6E65E79EAFA1D422B" box="[1323,1437,230,256]" name="Colombia" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Analysis of 368 nuclear genes of the populations on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE912FFC6E0657805FC224209" box="[784,930,264,290]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyrophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE912FFC6E0657805FC224209" box="[784,930,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Z. pyrophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
confirms the placement of this group among the early diverging lineages (Salzman et al. unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |